Pathway analysis of cognitive resilience factors and cognitive function in the Long Life Family Study (LLFS).

IF 3 3区心理学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES

Neuropsychology Pub Date : 2025-09-29 DOI:10.1037/neu0001039

Nicole Roth, Stephanie Cosentino, Thomas T Perls, Paola Sebastiani, Stacy L Andersen

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Objective: Familial longevity, educational attainment, and engagement in cognitively stimulating activities are independently protective for cognitive aging, yet little is known about how these factors relate with one another. We explored the interplay between familial longevity, life exposures that confer cognitive resilience, and cognitive function in the Long Life Family Study.

Method: A series of Bayesian hierarchical regression models was used to examine the associations among familial longevity, educational attainment, participation in cognitively stimulating activities, and neuropsychological test performance in several cognitive domains in an ancillary observational study of Long Life Family Study family members and a referent cohort (N = 314, M = 75.7, SD = 14.6 years). Models were adjusted by age, sex, and upstream variables along the regression pathway (i.e., cognitive activity, education, and familial longevity), and incorporated a random intercept for family relatedness.

Results: Referents had greater engagement in cognitive activities, and in turn, those with higher levels of education and cognitive activity exhibited better neuropsychological performance. Greater cognitive activity was specifically associated with better executive functioning, episodic memory, and language scores. Although Long Life Family Study family members engaged in cognitive activities less often than referents, they performed better on tests of episodic memory, and matched performance on tests of executive function, language, and visuoconstruction.

Conclusions: These results suggest that familial longevity and engagement in cognitively stimulating activities represent two distinct pathways that contribute to preserved cognition in older adulthood, though these findings should be replicated in more diverse samples. Furthermore, these unique pathways differ across tests and cognitive domains. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

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长期家庭研究（LLFS）中认知弹性因素与认知功能的通路分析。

目的：家庭寿命、受教育程度和参与认知刺激活动对认知衰老具有独立的保护作用，但这些因素之间的关系尚不清楚。在“长寿家庭研究”中，我们探讨了家族寿命、赋予认知弹性的生活暴露和认知功能之间的相互作用。方法：采用一系列贝叶斯层次回归模型，对长寿家庭研究家庭成员和参考队列（N = 314, M = 75.7, SD = 14.6年）进行辅助观察研究，探讨家族寿命、受教育程度、参与认知刺激活动和几个认知领域神经心理测试成绩之间的关系。模型根据年龄、性别和回归路径上的上游变量（即认知活动、教育和家族寿命）进行调整，并纳入家庭相关性的随机截距。结果：参照物的认知活动参与度较高，受教育程度和认知活动水平较高的参照物表现出较好的神经心理表现。更大的认知活动与更好的执行功能、情景记忆和语言分数密切相关。尽管参与“长寿家庭研究”的家庭成员参与认知活动的频率低于参照物，但他们在情景记忆测试中的表现更好，在执行功能、语言和视觉构建测试中的表现也相匹配。结论：这些结果表明，家族寿命和参与认知刺激活动代表了两种不同的途径，有助于保持老年人的认知能力，尽管这些发现应该在更多不同的样本中得到复制。此外，这些独特的途径在不同的测试和认知领域有所不同。（PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA，版权所有）。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Neuropsychology 医学-神经科学

CiteScore

4.10

自引率

4.20%

发文量

132

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： Neuropsychology publishes original, empirical research; systematic reviews and meta-analyses; and theoretical articles on the relation between brain and human cognitive, emotional, and behavioral function.