Neuropsychology最新文献

{"title":"Predictors of cognitive performance in Zambian adults with clade C HIV-1: The roles of antiretroviral therapy (ART)-induced CD4+ T-cell increase and pulmonary tuberculosis.","authors":"Knut A Hestad, J Anitha Menon, Mary Shilalukey Ngoma, Lumbuka Kaunda, Norma Kabuba, Ravi Paul, Scott Letendre, Donald R Franklin, Robert K Heaton","doi":"10.1037/neu0001000","DOIUrl":"10.1037/neu0001000","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>In this cross-sectional study in Zambia, we examined factors that influence cognitive performance in adults with clade C human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV) infection who were on antiretroviral therapy.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We examined if detectable HIV ribonucleic acid (RNA) in blood plasma, nadir CD4+ T-cell count before antiretroviral therapy, increase in CD4+ T-cell count during antiretroviral therapy, and having pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) influenced cognitive performance. We performed a multilinear regression in which the dependent variable was the global mean cognitive <i>T</i>-score, an overall composite score based on 16 neuropsychological tests that were adjusted for age, sex, and education using normative data from Zambian adults without HIV infection. The 16 tests were merged into seven cognitive domains: Executive Functions, Verbal Fluency, Attention/Working Memory, Learning (immediate recall), Memory (delayed recall), Motor Control, and Speed of Information Processing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>When on antiretroviral therapy, a greater increase in CD4+ T-cells was significantly associated with a better global mean cognitive <i>T</i>-score (<i>p</i> = .002). Pulmonary TB was independently associated with worse performance (<i>p</i> = .008). Neither nadir CD4+ T-cell count nor plasma HIV RNA during antiretroviral therapy was associated with cognitive performance.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Accounting for CD4+ T-cell increase after antiretroviral therapy initiation and comorbid pulmonary TB may help explain cognitive outcomes in persons with HIV infection in endemic settings. We suggest that it is essential that those with a low CD4+ T-cell count increase the number of cells as early as possible. Our data suggest that this is important for their cognitive functioning. Future research should determine whether the deleterious effect of pulmonary TB resolves after completion of TB treatment. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"375-383"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144033600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impaired decision-making ability in functional heartburn patients.","authors":"Yue Li, Jingjing He, Lulu Zeng, Hui Hu, Qiao Wang, Yanghua Tian, Lijiu Zhang, Xiangpeng Hu","doi":"10.1037/neu0000999","DOIUrl":"10.1037/neu0000999","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Rats with visceral hypersensitivity often exhibit impaired decision-making abilities. Functional heartburn (FH) is a functional esophageal disease that belongs to the category of gut-brain interaction disorders, associated with visceral hypersensitivity. However, the decision-making ability of patients with FH remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We recruited 30 patients diagnosed with FH based on the Rome IV criteria and 30 healthy controls (HCs). All patients were evaluated using the Hamilton Anxiety Scale and the 17-item Hamilton Depression Scale-17. Patients with FH also completed the gastroesophageal reflux disease and modified gastrointestinal symptom score questionnaires. We employed the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) and Game of Dice Task (GDT) to evaluate decision making.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the IGT, patients with FH exhibited a lower total net score and made more unfavorable choices compared to healthy controls (HCs). Specifically, statistically significant differences were observed in the net scores of the last three blocks, the differences were of large effect sizes. In the GDT, patients with FH demonstrated a lower total net score, higher risk score, and lower utilization of negative feedback than the HCs, the differences were of middle-large effect sizes. Even after controlling for the effects of anxiety, depression, and the coexistence of functional dyspepsia, patients with FH exhibited lower net scores than HCs, in both the IGT and GDTs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings suggest that patients with FH showed worse decision-making abilities than HCs. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"422-431"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143523637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contributions of the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex to the spacing effect: Evidence from lesioned patients.","authors":"Cuihong Li, Qi Liu, Ke Sun, Tao Yu, Xiaotong Fan, Jiangfei Wang, Liankun Ren, Jiongjiong Yang","doi":"10.1037/neu0001009","DOIUrl":"10.1037/neu0001009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Although the hippocampus is critical for memory processes, recent studies have suggested that amnesic patients with hippocampal lesions can still acquire some types of memory by distributed learning rather than by massed learning. However, as these studies recruited patients with developmental amnesia, whether lesion onset influenced the spacing effect was unclear. In addition, the extent to which the prefrontal cortex (PFC) supports the spacing effect has not been explored.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Patients with hippocampal lesions at early onset and late onset and PFC lesions were enrolled. The participants learned face-scene pairs under single learning (i.e., once in 1 day), massed learning (i.e., four times in 1 day), and distributed learning (i.e., four times in 2 days, twice per day). Then, they performed associative recognition tasks 20 min and 1 day later.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that the spacing effect was significantly higher than baseline (<i>d</i> = 2.91) and comparable with the control groups for hippocampal lesions at early onset patients at 1 day. However, the spacing effect was significantly impaired for hippocampal lesions at late onset (<i>d</i> = -1.84) and PFC patients (<i>d</i> = -1.48) when compared with the normal groups. The repetition effect (massed vs. single learning) was significantly impaired for PFC patients at 20 min when compared with the controls (<i>d</i> = -1.15).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings clarified the roles of the hippocampus and PFC in distributed learning and repetitive learning and suggest that early-onset hippocampal damage induces a significant reorganization in the human brain to support memory formation and retention. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"432-449"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143803774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sleep fragmentation, 24-hr rest-activity patterns, and cognitive function in premanifest Huntington's disease: An actigraphy study.","authors":"Emily S Fitzgerald, Yifat Glikmann-Johnston, Jessica E Manousakis, Meg Rankin, Clare Anderson, Melinda L Jackson, Julie C Stout","doi":"10.1037/neu0001001","DOIUrl":"10.1037/neu0001001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>In Huntington's disease (HD), cognitive symptoms, sleep fragmentation, and daily activity pattern alterations can occur up to 15 years before diagnosis in premanifest HD (Pre-HD). Whether sleep and rest-activity patterns relate to cognitive function in Pre-HD, however, remains unclear. We investigated the relationships between rest-activity patterns, sleep, and cognitive function in Pre-HD compared to healthy controls (HCs).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>All participants completed 14 days of actigraphy, online questionnaires, and remote cognitive assessments.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Pre-HD group (<i>n</i> = 36) performed worse on Speeded Tapping than the HC group (<i>n</i> = 42). Pre-HD participants with heightened sleep fragmentation performed more poorly on the Trail Making Test (TMT) and Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised (HVLT-R). In Pre-HD, lower intra-daily variability and higher interdaily stability (more stable, less fragmented rest-activity patterns) were associated with poorer performance on the trail making test Part B, Symbol Digit Modalities Test, Emotion Recognition Task, Rey Complex Figure Test, visual memory task, paced tapping, and HVLT-R total trial. Higher interdaily stability was also linked to poorer HVLT-R performance. Relative amplitude and sleep regularity index were not related to performance. Poorer sleep quality on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index correlated with worse HVLT-R delayed and paced tapping scores. More severe insomnia (higher Insomnia Severity Index scores) correlated with lower Rey Complex Figure Test copy.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings emphasize the importance of uninterrupted sleep on cognitive function in Pre-HD and reveal targets for interventions aimed at improving cognitive symptoms. Larger cohorts stratified by proximity to diagnosis are critical to improving our understanding of these relationships across the premanifest period. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"384-401"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143542655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"End-stage kidney disease patients exhibited slower responses to rapidly presented visual stimuli when compared with healthy controls.","authors":"Carolina C Abramovicz, Mario M R Fernandes, Gabriel S Senges, Sergio L Schmidt","doi":"10.1037/neu0001016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/neu0001016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Using a go/no-go test, we showed that end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) patients have a slower average reaction time (RT) compared with their respective controls. This study aimed to investigate whether the RT of ESKD patients worsened throughout the test and whether RTs were influenced by target frequencies (TF) or the speed of stimulus presentation.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A total of 110 ESKD patients and 109 age- and sex-matched controls were selected (<i>M_age</i> = 50.2 ± 12.07 years for patients and 47.8 ± 14.21 years for controls). Participants completed a go/no-go test, assessing attentional subdomains through four variables: omission errors (focus), commission errors (inhibition), RT (intrinsic alertness), and variability of RT (sustained attention). The test lasted approximately 15 min and was divided into three consecutive, equally spaced time sets (first, second, third). Each set was subdivided into two blocks: one with a high TF (80%) and the other with a low TF (20%). Each block was subdivided into three different interstimulus time intervals (low, medium, and high speeds). Both groups performed the test simultaneously at dialysis centers, with ESKD patients completing it 68 hr after their last dialysis session.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ESKD patients consistently demonstrated slower RTs than controls throughout the 15-min task. The average difference in RT between the groups did not increase over time and was independent of TF. Notably, RT was significantly slower in ESKD patients only when stimuli were presented at the highest speed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>ESKD patients exhibited specifically impaired alertness when responding to visual stimuli presented at the highest speed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144248911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acquired crowding dyslexia: A peripheral reading deficit other than neglect dyslexia.","authors":"Roberta Daini, Laura Veronelli, Alessio Facchin, Felicia Pasquale, Matteo Sozzi, Massimo Corbo, Lisa S Arduino","doi":"10.1037/neu0001014","DOIUrl":"10.1037/neu0001014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Crowding refers to the phenomenon whereby small visual objects above the acuity threshold are detected but unrecognizable when surrounded by nearby stimuli. It affects reading in healthy individuals and can be enhanced in reading impairments. By increasing the interletter space, crowding decreases. Previous evidence on patients with unilateral spatial neglect (USN) and peripheral dyslexia has shown a dissociation in sensitivity to spacing manipulation between those who mainly produced omissions and those characterized by substitutions in reading. Here, we wanted to verify the hypothesis that the reading impairment mainly characterized by substitutions is dissociated from USN, unlike the one characterized by omissions.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>In a retrospective study, we collected 38 right-brain-damaged patients, 21 with USN. We analyzed the number and types of errors in reading single words and pseudowords, spaced and unspaced, comparing patients with and without USN.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>USN patients showed significantly more omissions than patients without USN and increased omissions with letter spacing. Substitutions were more frequent in USN patients but did not increase with spacing. Performance of patients mainly characterized by substitutions revealed a reduction of errors with spaced pseudowords and a double dissociation from USN. Lesion overlap analysis suggested that the two deficits could depend on different components of visuospatial attention networks.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We claim that proper neglect dyslexia is characterized by omission errors and has USN as a necessary mechanism, even if not sufficient. Conversely, acquired crowding dyslexia is a different reading deficit, characterized by substitutions due to an enhanced crowding phenomenon, independent of USN. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144199725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Updating the self-appraisal of one's cognitive performance with 7 days of repeated exposure: From test-naïve to experienced.","authors":"Daniel Soberanes, Mark A Dubbelman, Roos J Jutten, Cassidy P Molinare, Stephanie Hsieh, Hairin Kim, Geoffroy Gagliardi, Patrizia Vannini, Gad A Marshall, Kathryn V Papp, Rebecca E Amariglio","doi":"10.1037/neu0001010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/neu0001010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Self-appraisal of cognitive performance, a potentially useful marker of brain functioning, is typically assessed at a single time point where tests are naïve to what constitutes \"good\" or \"bad\" performance. Here, we determine whether familiarizing individuals with self-appraisal with daily memory testing for 7 days provide a more accurate estimate of cognitive functioning and mood.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Two hundred twenty-five participants (<i>M</i>_age ± <i>SD</i>: 74.1 ± 8.3 years; 66% female; median education 16.0 years) completed the online Boston Remote Assessment for NeuroCognitive Health, which included two associative memory tasks, for seven consecutive days. Each day, participants self-appraised their performance. At baseline, they completed various cognitive and mood measures. We computed Pearson's correlations between task performance and self-appraisal on Days 1 and 7 and used linear models to examine the relationship between self-appraisal scores and clinical measures.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Accuracy (Day 1: 0.44 ± 0.12; Day 7: 0.81 ± 0.16) and self-appraisal (Day 1: 0.36 ± 0.15; Day 7: 0.70 ± 0.21) increased, as did the association between accuracy and self-appraisal, Day 1: correlation coefficient (<i>r</i>) = 0.22, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) [0.09, 0.34], <i>p</i> = .001; Day 7: <i>r</i> = 0.69, 95% CI [0.62, 0.76], <i>p</i> < .001. Self-appraisal scores on Day 7, but not Day 1, showed significant relationships with in-clinic measures.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Repeated remote cognitive assessments may help elucidate individuals' capacities to refine their self-perception of cognitive performance during multiday learning. The weak association between accuracy and test-naïve self-appraisal warrants caution about using this metric cross-sectionally. Experienced self-appraisal could be especially relevant at the early stages of neurodegenerative diseases when subtle learning difficulties emerge and could improve our capacity to detect early meta-cognitive changes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144160609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Robust longitudinal neuropsychological norms in Spanish individuals with nonpathological Alzheimer's disease biomarkers.","authors":"David López-Martos, Anna Brugulat-Serrat, Marc Suárez-Calvet, Marta Milà-Alomà, Carolina Minguillon, Juan Domingo Gispert, Henrik Zetterberg, Kaj Blennow, Oriol Grau-Rivera, Gonzalo Sánchez-Benavides","doi":"10.1037/neu0001013","DOIUrl":"10.1037/neu0001013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Neuropsychological norms serve to identify cognitive impairment and monitor neurodegenerative disease progression. However, longitudinal data are limited, and conventional approaches do not account for biomarkers to exclude underlying Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology, reducing sensitivity to detect subtle cognitive decline in preclinical AD. To address these limitations, this research provides robust longitudinal neuropsychological norms derived from Spanish individuals with nonpathological levels of AD biomarkers.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We analyzed 3-year follow-up data from 350 cognitively unimpaired individuals (Alzheimer's and Families+ cohort). A subset of 228 individuals with normal cerebrospinal fluid amyloid-β42/40, phosphorylated-tau181, and total-tau biomarkers defined the robust reference group. Neuropsychological assessment encompassed the Trail Making Test, Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test, Memory Binding Test, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-IV, Wechsler Memory Scale-IV, Semantic Fluency Test, and Judgment of Line Orientation from the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status. Using the Reliable Change Index and Standardized Regression-Based methods, robust longitudinal neuropsychological norms were derived from the reference group. Validation analysis assessed the sensitivity of robust versus conventional normative procedures.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Models, equations, percentiles, and cutoffs for identifying significant cognitive decline were provided. Robust norms showed modestly greater sensitivity in certain measures, particularly in episodic memory. The Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test: Total Free Delayed Recall showed the most notable result at the 5th percentile in Reliable Change Index (χ² = 16.06, <i>p</i> = 6.15E-05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Robust longitudinal neuropsychological norms may improve the detection of subtle cognitive decline, modestly enhancing sensitivity at the lower ends of distributions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144128215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elongated tau in an ex-Gaussian decomposition of vocal articulation speed in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.","authors":"Xu Yan, Hilary Galloway-Long, Alexander Weigard, Katherine All, Alexandra Roule, Tyler Warner, Christina Hlutkowsky, Cynthia Huang-Pollock","doi":"10.1037/neu0001015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/neu0001015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Slower and more variable reaction time is one of the most prominent cognitive signatures in childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, standard use of tasks that involve motor responses to index \"speed\" potentially confounds fine-motor coordination with central cognitive processing speed. One promising alternative is a vocal articulation task, which provides a measure of speeded performance that is independent of fine-motor coordination.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The present study applies an ex-Gaussian decomposition to preparatory interval (the time to initiate a vocal response) and speech rate on a speeded articulation task among children aged 8-12 with and without ADHD (<i>N</i> = 119).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was substantial evidence that the tail of the distribution, as indexed by the <i>tau</i> parameter (which is linked to the rate of information accumulation), was larger in children with ADHD and among children with low working memory capacity (regardless of ADHD status). Variance in <i>tau</i> was also greater among children with ADHD, and the greater variance was not fully explained by individual differences in working memory.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Results highlight the importance of adopting analytic methods that can more accurately describe performance. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144002968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inhibitory control underpins the relationship between cognitive and psychological inflexibility after a moderate to severe traumatic brain injury.","authors":"Diane L Whiting, Josh W Faulkner, Thomas Gates, Kasey Metcalf, Grahame K Simpson","doi":"10.1037/neu0001018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/neu0001018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Cognitive flexibility is proposed as being one \"building block\" of psychological inflexibility/flexibility, yet empirical studies examining these associations are scarce. This study aims to examine the relationship between these constructs in those with a moderate to severe traumatic brain injury who demonstrate impairments in cognitive flexibility.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A total of 66 individuals with a traumatic brain injury were administered a battery of cognitive flexibility measures in conjunction with their standard neuropsychological assessment, general (Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II [AAQ-II]) and context-specific (Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-Acquired Brain Injury [AAQ-ABI]) measures of psychological inflexibility and psychological distress (Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Linear regression modeling found the Stroop color-word interference score was the only measure of cognitive flexibility that was significantly associated with AAQ-ABI (β = -.14, <i>p</i> < .001), a finding that remained when controlling for Full-Scale Intelligence Quotient and education. Similarly, the Stroop color-word interference score significantly predicted the AAQ-II (β = -0.13, <i>p</i> = .024). Simple mediation analysis found the AAQ-ABI and AAQ-II fully mediated the relationship between the Stroop color-word interference score and psychological distress.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This research provides support for the theory of cognitive flexibility being an essential component of psychological inflexibility. Inhibitory control may be an important process within cognitive flexibility that contributes to psychological inflexibility. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143995717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}