Neuropsychology最新文献

{"title":"Varying failure criteria on performance validity tests influences interpretation of cognitive outcomes.","authors":"Savanna M Tierney, Zinat Taiwo, Tabina K Choudhury, Sara M Lippa, Maya Troyanskaya, Nicholas J Pastorek, Brian Miller, Jennifer Romesser, Anita Sim","doi":"10.1037/neu0000857","DOIUrl":"10.1037/neu0000857","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The present study examined the effects of applying various performance validity tests (PVT) failure criteria on the relationship between cognitive outcomes and posttraumatic stress (PTS) symptomology.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>One hundred and ninety-nine veterans with a history of mild traumatic brain injury referred for clinical evaluation completed cognitive tests, PVTs, and self-report measures of PTS symptoms and symptom exaggeration. Normative T scores of select cognitive tests were averaged into memory, attention/processing speed, and executive functioning composites. Separate one way analyses of variance assessed differences among high PTS (<i>n</i> = 140) versus low PTS (<i>n</i> = 59) groups and were repeated excluding participants based on varying combinations of PVT failure criteria.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>When no PVTs were considered, the high PTS group demonstrated worse performance across all three cognitive domains. Excluding those who failed two or more stand-alone, or two or more embedded validity measures resulted in group differences across all cognitive composites. When participants were excluded based on failure of any one embedded and any one stand-alone PVT measure combined, the high PTS group performed worse on the executive functioning and attention/processing speed composites. The remaining three proposed methods to control for performance validity resulted in null PTS-cognition relationships. Results remained largely consistent after controlling for symptom exaggeration.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Methods of defining PVT failure can greatly influence differences in cognitive function between groups defined by PTS symptom levels. Findings highlight the importance of considering performance validity when interpreting cognitive data and warrant future investigation of PVT failure criteria in other conditions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":"37 1","pages":"93-103"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10019529/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9173649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effort during prolonged wakefulness is associated with performance to attentional and executive tasks but not with cortical excitability in late-middle-aged healthy individuals.","authors":"Charlotte Mouraux,&nbsp;Maxime Van Egroo,&nbsp;Daphne Chylinski,&nbsp;Justinas Narbutas,&nbsp;Christophe Phillips,&nbsp;Eric Salmon,&nbsp;Pierre Maquet,&nbsp;Christine Bastin,&nbsp;Fabienne Collette,&nbsp;Gilles Vandewalle","doi":"10.1037/neu0000868","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/neu0000868","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Sleep loss negatively affects brain function with repercussion not only on objective measures of performance but also on many subjective dimensions, including effort perceived for the completion of cognitive processes. This may be particularly important in aging, which is accompanied by important changes in sleep and wakefulness regulation. We aimed to determine whether subjectively perceived effort covaried with cognitive performance in healthy late-middle-aged individuals.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We assessed effort and performance to cognitive tasks in 99 healthy adults (66 women; 50-70 years) during a 20-hr wake extension protocol, following 7 days of regular sleep and wake times and a baseline night of sleep in the laboratory. We further explored links with cortical excitability using transcranial magnetic stimulation coupled to electroencephalography.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Perceived effort increased during wake extension and was highly correlated to subjective metrics of sleepiness, fatigue, and motivation, but not to variations in cortical excitability. Moreover, effort increase was associated with decreased performance to some cognitive tasks (psychomotor vigilance and two-back working memory task). Importantly, effort variations during wakefulness extension decreased from age 50 to 70 years, while more effort is associated with worse performance in older individuals.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In healthy late-middle-aged individuals, more effort is perceived to perform cognitive tasks, but it is not sufficient to overcome the performance decline brought by lack of sleep. Entry in the seventh decade may stand as a turning point in the daily variations of perceived effort and its link with cognition. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":"37 1","pages":"77-92"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10535650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supplemental Material for Further Evaluation of Narrative Description as a Measure of Cognitive Function in Alzheimer’s Disease","authors":"","doi":"10.1037/neu0000884.supp","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/neu0000884.supp","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42379555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supplemental Material for Measurement Fidelity of Clinical Assessment Methods in a Global Study on Identifying Reproducible Brain Signatures of Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder","authors":"","doi":"10.1037/neu0000849.supp","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/neu0000849.supp","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44337050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supplemental Material for Past and Future Episodic Detail Retrieval Is Reduced Among Clinically Normal Older Adults at Higher Genetic Risk for Late-Onset Alzheimer’s Disease","authors":"","doi":"10.1037/neu0000866.supp","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/neu0000866.supp","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43467047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supplemental Material for Executive (Dys)Functions and ODD and CD: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"","doi":"10.1037/neu0000881.supp","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/neu0000881.supp","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46067634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supplemental Material for The Dementia Apraxia Test Can Detect Early-Onset Alzheimer’s Disease","authors":"","doi":"10.1037/neu0000873.supp","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/neu0000873.supp","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45563647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supplemental Material for The Associations of Childhood Psychosocial Factors With Cognitive Function in Midlife—The Young Finns Study","authors":"","doi":"10.1037/neu0000877.supp","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/neu0000877.supp","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44558265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptation and construct validity evaluation of a tablet-based, short neuropsychological test battery for use with adolescents and young adults living with HIV in Thailand.","authors":"Reuben N Robbins, Anthony F Santoro, Christopher Ferraris, Nana Asiedu, Jun Liu, Curtis Dolezal, Kathleen M Malee, Claude A Mellins, Robert Paul, Kulvadee Thongpibul, Thanyawee Puthanakit, Linda Aurpibul","doi":"10.1037/neu0000851","DOIUrl":"10.1037/neu0000851","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Deficits in neurocognitive functioning are common among adolescents and young adults (AYA) with perinatally acquired HIV (PHIV). Limitations of traditional neuropsychological tests hinder assessment of neurocognition in low- and middle-income countries where most AYA with PHIV reside. Computerized testing could make assessment of neurocognition more accessible in these countries. This study examined a culturally modified <i>NeuroScreen</i>, a tablet-based neurocognitive testing app, for use in Thailand. Construct validity was examined among Thai AYA (13-23 years) with and without PHIV.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong><i>NeuroScreen</i> underwent adaptation including language, content, and usability review by Thai psychologists, AYA, and clinical staff. One hundred Thai AYA (50 PHIV; 50 HIV-uninfected, matched controls) were administered the adapted <i>NeuroScreen</i> and a battery of traditional paper-and-pencil neuropsychological tests. Correlations, mean differences, and proportions with impaired performance were examined across <i>NeuroScreen</i> and the traditional tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Thai version of <i>NeuroScreen</i> was deemed understandable and culturally appropriate. A large correlation (.82) between overall performance on the <i>NeuroScreen</i> and traditional batteries was observed. Small-to-large correlations were found between conceptually similar <i>NeuroScreen</i> and traditional tests of processing speed, working memory, motor speed, and executive functioning. Mean test performance differences between AYA with PHIV and controls were similar between test batteries. Both sets of tests identified similar rates of impaired participants.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Results provide support for the acceptability and construct validity of the Thai <i>NeuroScreen</i> tests to assess neurocognition in Thai AYA with PHIV. An easy-to-use tool to assess neurocognition can help Thai providers provide better care for AYA with PHIV. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":"36 8","pages":"695-708"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9897317/pdf/nihms-1859907.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10657002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing naming errors using an automated machine learning approach.","authors":"Tatiana T Schnur, Chia-Ming Lei","doi":"10.1037/neu0000860","DOIUrl":"10.1037/neu0000860","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>After left hemisphere stroke, 20%-50% of people experience language deficits, including difficulties in naming. Naming errors that are semantically related to the intended target (e.g., producing \"violin\" for picture HARP) indicate a potential impairment in accessing knowledge of word forms and their meanings. Understanding the cause of naming impairments is crucial to better modeling of language production as well as for tailoring individualized rehabilitation. However, evaluation of naming errors is typically by subjective and laborious dichotomous classification. As a result, these evaluations do not capture the degree of semantic similarity and are susceptible to lower interrater reliability because of subjectivity.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We investigated whether a computational linguistic measure using word2vec (Mikolov, Chen, et al., 2013) addressed these limitations by evaluating errors during object naming in a group of patients during the acute stage of a left-hemisphere stroke (<i>N</i> = 105).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Pearson correlations demonstrated excellent convergent validity of word2vec's semantically related estimates of naming errors and independent tests of access to lexical-semantic knowledge (<i>p</i> < .0001). Further, multiple regression analysis showed word2vec's semantically related estimates were significantly better than human error classification at predicting performance on tests of lexical-semantic knowledge.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Useful to both theorists and clinicians, our word2vec-based method provides an automated, continuous, and objective psychometric measure of access to lexical-semantic knowledge during naming. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":"36 8","pages":"709-718"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9970144/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10793314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}