Neuropsychology最新文献

{"title":"The utility of word list and story recall for identifying older U.S. Chinese immigrants with cognitive impairment.","authors":"Clara Li, Yue Hong, Kun Wang, Judith Neugroschl, Carolyn W Zhu, Xiaoyi Zeng, Xiao Yang, Amy Aloysi, Hillel Grossman, Dongming Cai, Jessica Spat-Lemus, Jane Martin, Margaret Sewell, Mary Sano","doi":"10.1037/neu0000906","DOIUrl":"10.1037/neu0000906","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study examined the utility of the Chinese-language translations of the word list memory test (Philadelphia Verbal Learning Test) and story memory test (Logical Memory subtest of the Wechsler Memory Scale) for differentiating cognitive diagnosis in older U.S. Chinese immigrants.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Participants were ≥ 60 years old, with Chinese language proficiency to complete a diagnostic workup at the Mount Sinai's Alzheimer's Disease Research Center. The workup included an evaluation by a geriatric psychiatrist and cognitive testing with a psychometrician. Diagnosis of normal, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia was made independent of the cognitive tests at consensus led by a dementia expert physician. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess the sensitivity of story and word list memory tests for distinguishing between groups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC area/area under the curve [AUC]) was used to compare the predictive accuracy of the two tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The sample included 71 participants with normal cognition, 42 with MCI, and 24 with dementia. The MCI group was older and less educated than normal controls but younger and more educated than the dementia group. Delayed recall of both memory tests, but not immediate recall of either test, predicted diagnosis. While composite memory score of word list (AUC = 0.90) predicted diagnosis slightly better than that of stories (AUC = 0.85), the difference was not significant in this small sample (<i>p</i> = .14).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Chinese-language translations of verbal memory tests, in particular delayed recall scores, were equally sensitive for classifying cognitive diagnosis in older U.S. Chinese immigrants. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10615662/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9514616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inhibitory control and alcohol use history predict changes in posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms.","authors":"Joseph DeGutis,&nbsp;Sam Agnoli,&nbsp;Charles E Gaudet,&nbsp;Anna Stumps,&nbsp;Sahra Kim,&nbsp;Travis C Evans,&nbsp;Audreyana Jagger-Rickels,&nbsp;William Milberg,&nbsp;Regina McGlinchey,&nbsp;Catherine B Fortier,&nbsp;Michael Esterman","doi":"10.1037/neu0000909","DOIUrl":"10.1037/neu0000909","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with significant disability and can become chronic. Predictors of PTSD symptom changes over time, especially in those with a PTSD diagnosis, remain incompletely characterized.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>In the present study, we examined 187 post-9/11 veterans (<i>M</i>_age = 32.8 years, 87% male) diagnosed with PTSD who performed two extensive clinical and cognitive evaluations approximately 2 years apart.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found that greater PTSD symptom reductions over time were related to lower lifetime drinking history and better baseline inhibitory control ability (Color-Word Inhibition and Inhibition/Switching), though not performance on other executive function tasks. Further, groups with reliably Improved, Worsened, or Chronic PTSD symptoms demonstrated significant differences in baseline inhibitory control and lifetime drinking history, with marked drinking differences starting in the early-to-mid 20s. We also found that PTSD symptom changes showed little-to-no associations with changes in inhibitory control or alcohol consumption.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Together, these findings suggest that, in those diagnosed with PTSD, inhibitory control and alcohol use history reflect relatively stable risk/resiliency factors predictive of PTSD chronicity. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9643412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding nonliteral language abilities in children with neurofibromatosis type 1.","authors":"Kristina M Haebich, Natalie A Pride, Alana Collins, Melanie Porter, Vicki Anderson, Alice Maier, Hayley Darke, Kathryn N North, Jonathan M Payne","doi":"10.1037/neu0000916","DOIUrl":"10.1037/neu0000916","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1) is a genetic syndrome that affects cognitive, behavioral, and social development. Nonliteral language (NLL) comprehension has not been examined in children with NF1. This study examined NLL comprehension in children with NF1 and associated neuropsychological correlates.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>NLL comprehension was examined in children with NF1 (<i>n</i> = 49) and typically developing (TD) controls (<i>n</i> = 27) aged 4-12 years using a novel NLL task. The task assessed comprehension of sarcasm, metaphor, simile, and literal language. Cognitive (Wechsler Scales Composites or the Woodcock-Johnson Test of Cognitive Abilities Revised scaled scores) and behavioral (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder [ADHD] symptoms) correlates of NLL comprehension in children with NF1 were also examined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Children with NF1 demonstrated significantly poorer sarcasm comprehension than TD children and a vulnerability in metaphor comprehension. Simile and literal language comprehension were not significantly different between groups. Working memory difficulties and impulsive/hyperactive ADHD symptoms were associated with a reduced ability to identify sarcasm in NF1, while verbal comprehension, fluid reasoning, and inattentive ADHD symptoms were not.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Results suggest children with NF1 experience challenges in understanding complex NLL comprehension, which are related to reduced working memory and increased impulsivity/hyperactivity. This study provides an initial insight into the figurative language abilities of children with NF1, which should be examined in relation to their social difficulties in future studies. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9701685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Central executive training for ADHD: Impact on organizational skills at home and school. A randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Elizabeth S M Chan,&nbsp;Fatou Gaye,&nbsp;Alissa M Cole,&nbsp;Leah J Singh,&nbsp;Michael J Kofler","doi":"10.1037/neu0000918","DOIUrl":"10.1037/neu0000918","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The current randomized controlled trial (RCT) was the first to examine the benefits of central executive training (CET, which trains the <i>working</i> components of working memory [WM]) for reducing organizational skills difficulties relative to a carefully matched neurocognitive training intervention (inhibitory control training [ICT]).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A carefully phenotyped sample of 73 children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity-impulsivity disorder (ADHD; ages 8-13, <i>M</i> = 10.15, <i>SD</i> = 1.43; 20 girls; 73% White/Non-Hispanic) participated in a preregistered RCT of CET versus ICT (both 10-week treatments). Parent-rated task planning, organized actions, and memory/materials management data were collected at pretreatment, posttreatment, and 2-4 month follow-up; teacher ratings were obtained at pretreatment and 1-2 month follow-up.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CET was superior to ICT for improving organizational skills based on teacher report (Treatment × Time interaction: <i>d</i> = 0.61, <i>p</i> = .01, BF₁₀ = 31.61). The CET group also improved significantly based on parent report, but this improvement was equivalent in both groups (main effect of time: <i>d</i> = 0.48, <i>p</i> < .001, BF₁₀ = 3.13 × 10⁷; Treatment × Time interaction: <i>d</i> = 0.29, <i>p</i> = .25, BF₀₁ = 3.73). Post hocs/preregistered planned contrasts indicated that CET produced significant and clinically meaningful (number needed to treat = 3-8) pre/post gains on all three parent (d = 0.50 -0.62) and all three teacher (<i>d</i> = 0.46 -0.95) subscales, with gains that were maintained at 1-2 month (teacher report) and 2-4 month follow-up (parent report) for five of six outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Results provide strong initial evidence that CET produces robust and lasting downstream improvements in school-based organizational skills for children with ADHD based on teacher report. These findings are generally consistent with model-driven predictions that ADHD-related organizational problems are secondary outcomes caused, at least in part, by underdeveloped working memory abilities. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10615842/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9774636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"History of traumatic brain injury does not alter course of neurocognitive decline in older adults with and without cognitive impairment.","authors":"Jeff Schaffert, Hsueh-Sheng Chiang, Hudaisa Fatima, Christian LoBue, John Hart, C Munro Cullum","doi":"10.1037/neu0000892","DOIUrl":"10.1037/neu0000892","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Traumatic brain injury (TBI) history is associated with dementia risk, but it is unclear whether TBI history significantly hastens neurocognitive decline in older adults.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Data were derived from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center (NACC) data set. Participants with a history of TBI (TBI +; <i>n</i> = 1,467) were matched to individuals without a history of TBI (TBI-; <i>n</i> = 1,467) based on age (50-97, <i>M</i> = 71.61, <i>SD</i> = 8.40), sex, education, race, ethnicity, cognitive diagnosis, functional decline, number of Apolipoprotein ε4 (APOE ε4) alleles, and number of annual visits (3-6). Mixed linear models were used to assess longitudinal neuropsychological test composite scores of executive functioning/attention/speed, language, and memory in TBI + and TBI- participants. Interactions between TBI and demographics, APOE ε4 status, and cognitive diagnosis were also examined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Longitudinal neuropsychological functioning did not differ between TBI groups (<i>p</i>'s > .001). There was a significant three-way interaction (age, TBI history, time) in language (<i>F</i>[20, 5750.1] = 3.133, <i>p</i> < .001) and memory performance (<i>F</i>[20, 6580.8] = 3.386, <i>p</i> < .001), but post hoc analyses revealed TBI history was not driving this relationship (all <i>p</i>'s > .096). No significant interactions were observed between TBI history and sex, education, race/ethnicity, number of APOE ε4 alleles, or cognitive diagnosis (<i>p</i>'s > .001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings suggest TBI history, regardless of demographic factors, APOE ε4 status, or cognitive diagnosis, does not alter the course of neurocognitive functioning later-in-life in older adults with or without cognitive impairment. Future clinicopathological longitudinal studies that well-characterize head injuries and the associated clinical course are needed to help clarify the mechanism in which TBI may increase dementia risk. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10556197/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9263703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Error monitoring in amnestic mild cognitive impairment: Cognitive correlates and relationship to measures of everyday function.","authors":"Carolyn R Pagán, Kayela Arrotta, Reanne Cunningham Chilton, Maureen Schmitter-Edgecombe","doi":"10.1037/neu0000887","DOIUrl":"10.1037/neu0000887","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Accurate error monitoring is important for successful completion of everyday tasks and compensatory strategy use. This study examined how error awareness is impacted in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) compared to cognitively healthy older adults (HOA). Cognitive correlates of error monitoring and relation to objective and self-reported measurement of everyday function were also evaluated.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Twenty-four individuals with aMCI and 24 cognitively HOAs completed standardized cognitive measures (domains: attention, working memory, executive functioning, memory, language, visuospatial abilities); a computerized go-no-go paradigm task that evaluated error monitoring; a naturalistic, performance-based measure of everyday functioning (day-out-task; DOT); and self- and informant-report measures of everyday dysexecutive difficulties (DEX).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants with aMCI demonstrated significantly poorer error monitoring as compared to the HOA group (Cohen's <i>d</i> = 1.02). Working memory and executive functioning were significantly related to error monitoring for both groups. After accounting for age and global cognitive status, hierarchical regressions revealed error monitoring significantly predicted DOT total time (but not accuracy) as well as both self- and informant-report DEX scores.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Compared to HOAs, individuals with aMCI exhibited poorer conscious error awareness. Better error monitoring was associated with higher working memory and executive functioning abilities and predicted better everyday functioning. If individuals with aMCI experience difficulties recognizing performance inaccuracies, they will be unable to correct their errors, leading to mistakes in everyday task completion and difficulty implementing appropriate compensatory strategies. Findings suggest that error monitoring may be a potential target for intervention with individuals with aMCI. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10363240/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9853967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"But will they use it? Predictors of adoption of an electronic memory aid in individuals with amnestic mild cognitive impairment.","authors":"Catherine Luna, Diane J Cook, Maureen Schmitter-Edgecombe","doi":"10.1037/neu0000898","DOIUrl":"10.1037/neu0000898","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Electronic memory aids are being researched and developed widely to assist the everyday functioning of individuals experiencing cognitive decline. Although development studies show promise in the initial use of electronic memory aids, little is known about the factors that influence adoption of these aids after training ends.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We analyzed the baseline characteristics (e.g., demographics, cognitive performance) and training usage (e.g., frequency and pattern of use) of 32 older adults experiencing amnestic mild cognitive impairment who participated in a pilot clinical trial with an electronic memory and management aid (EMMA) tablet application. Sixteen participants who were still using EMMA at 3-months posttraining were defined as \"adopters,\" whereas the 16 participants who were not using EMMA at 3-months posttraining were defined as \"nonadopters.\"</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Adopters scored higher on baseline delayed memory (Cohen's <i>d</i> = .87) and language (Cohen's <i>d</i> = .82) index scores than nonadopters. Adopters also interacted with EMMA more frequently (Cohen's <i>d</i> = 1.34) and in greater quantities (Cohen's <i>d</i> > .87) than nonadopters by Week 2 of training. Stepwise logistic regression revealed that higher baseline language score and increased frequency of use during training significantly predicted classification of adopters at 3-months posttraining.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Adoption of this electronic memory aid was enhanced by teaching the aid to individuals who demonstrated average-level language abilities and who used the aid on average eight times per day during training. Encouraging individuals to use the aid early and often during training can increase adoption of electronic memory aids. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9194136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Production of emotions conveyed by voice in Parkinson's disease: Association between variability of fundamental frequency and gray matter volumes of regions involved in emotional prosody.","authors":"Isabella Anzuino,&nbsp;Francesca Baglio,&nbsp;Laura Pelizzari,&nbsp;Monia Cabinio,&nbsp;Federica Biassoni,&nbsp;Martina Gnerre,&nbsp;Valeria Blasi,&nbsp;Maria Caterina Silveri,&nbsp;Sonia Di Tella","doi":"10.1037/neu0000912","DOIUrl":"10.1037/neu0000912","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with impairment in producing emotions conveyed by voice which could depend on motor limitations of the vocal apparatus and/or alterations in emotional processing. This study explores the relationship between the standard deviation of fundamental frequency (F0SD) of emotional speech and the volume of specific gray matter regions.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Fifteen PD patients and 15 healthy controls (HC) were asked to produce different emotions vocally elicited by reading short stories. For each vocal track, the F0SD was calculated as index of variability. All subjects underwent a structural magnetic resonance imaging and a voxel-based morphometry analysis. An ad hoc mask of brain regions implicated in emotional prosody was constructed to test the relationship between F0SD and the level of brain atrophy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PD patients showed lower F0SD values than HC in the expression of anger. Neuroimaging results showed brain atrophy in PD patients in a widespread bilateral network, including frontal areas, left cingulate cortex, parietal areas as well as occipital cortices. In the PD group, a positive correlation was observed between F0SD values of anger and volumes of the bilateral supramarginal gyrus, left thalamus, right inferior frontal gyrus, and amygdala.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The lower F0SD values observed in PD patients in anger production are consistent with their lower ability to express anger effectively through voice compared to HC. Our data demonstrated the involvement of right-lateralized areas, such as the inferior frontal gyrus and amygdala, which are typically involved in emotional prosody. Disturbances in emotion processing might contribute to speech production deficits in PD, probably in addition to the motor impairment of the articulatory system. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9829647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measurement and structural invariance of a neuropsychological battery among Middle Eastern/North African, Black, and White older adults.","authors":"Laura B Zahodne, Simon Brauer, Wassim Tarraf, Emily P Morris, Toni C Antonucci, Kristine J Ajrouch","doi":"10.1037/neu0000902","DOIUrl":"10.1037/neu0000902","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>There is a lack of guidance on common neuropsychological measures among Arabic speakers and individuals who identify as Middle Eastern/North African (MENA) in the United States. This study evaluated measurement and structural invariance of a neuropsychological battery across race/ethnicity (MENA, Black, White) and language (Arabic, English).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Six hundred six older adults (128 MENA-English, 74 MENA-Arabic, 207 Black, 197 White) from the Detroit Area Wellness Network were assessed via telephone. Multiple-group confirmatory factor analyses examined four indicators corresponding to distinct cognitive domains: episodic memory (Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease [CERAD] Word List), language (Animal Fluency), attention (Montreal Cognitive Assessment [MoCA] forward digit span), and working memory (MoCA backward digit span).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Measurement invariance analyses revealed full scalar invariance across language groups and partial scalar invariance across racial/ethnic groups suggesting a White testing advantage on Animal Fluency; yet this noninvariance did not meet a priori criteria for salient impact. Accounting for measurement noninvariance, structural invariance analyses revealed that MENA participants tested in English demonstrated lower cognitive health than Whites and Blacks, and MENA participants tested in Arabic demonstrated lower cognitive health than all other groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Measurement invariance results support the use of a rigorously translated neuropsychological battery to assess global cognitive health across MENA/Black/White and Arabic/English groups. Structural invariance results reveal underrecognized cognitive disparities. Disaggregating MENA older adults from other non-Latinx Whites will advance research on cognitive health equity. Future research should attend to heterogeneity within the MENA population, as the choice to be tested in Arabic versus English may reflect immigrant, educational, and socioeconomic experiences relevant to cognitive aging. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10544699/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9796557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Childhood maltreatment and midlife cognitive functioning: A longitudinal study of the roles of social support and social isolation.","authors":"Molly Maxfield, Xuechen Li, Cathy Spatz Widom","doi":"10.1037/neu0000911","DOIUrl":"10.1037/neu0000911","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Negative consequences of childhood maltreatment have been well-documented, including poorer executive functioning and nonverbal reasoning in midlife. However, not all adults with a history of childhood maltreatment manifest these outcomes, suggesting the presence of risk and protective factors. Based on growing empirical support for the importance of social variables in understanding neuropsychological development and functioning, we examined whether social support and social isolation mediate or moderate the effects of childhood maltreatment on cognitive functioning in midlife.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>In the context of a prospective cohort design study, individuals with documented histories of childhood maltreatment (ages 0-11 years) and demographically matched controls were followed up and interviewed in adulthood. Social support and isolation were assessed in young adulthood (<i>M</i>_age = 29), and cognitive functioning was assessed in midlife (<i>M</i>_age = 41). Structural equation modeling was used for mediation and linear regressions for moderation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Childhood maltreatment predicted higher levels of social isolation and lower levels of social support and cognitive functioning. Only social isolation mediated the relationship between childhood maltreatment and midlife cognitive functioning, whereas childhood maltreatment interacted with social support to predict Matrix Reasoning in midlife. Social support was protective for the control group but not for those maltreated.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Social isolation and social support play different roles in understanding how childhood maltreatment impacts midlife cognitive functioning. Greater social isolation predicts greater deficits in cognitive functioning overall, whereas the protective effects of social support are limited to those without a documented history of childhood maltreatment. Clinical implications are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10615889/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9902347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}