Neuropsychology最新文献

{"title":"Error processing in young adulthood: Age-related differences in electrophysiology and behavioral performance.","authors":"Martina Knežević","doi":"10.1037/neu0000944","DOIUrl":"10.1037/neu0000944","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The error-related negativity (ERN) and the error positivity (Pe) are electrophysiological components of error processing that develop throughout adolescence and into adulthood. As young people in their early 20s make many important life decisions, the inability to monitor and adapt behavior appropriately may interfere with their personal goals, such as educational or professional achievements. The aim of this study was to investigate age-related differences in error processing across young adulthood.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Using electroencephalography and the go/no-go task, we examined behavioral (error rates, reaction times, posterror slowing [PES]) and event-related potential (ERN, Pe) indexes of error processing. Ninety-five participants were divided into three age groups: Early 20s (ages 19-21), Mid 20s (ages 23-26), and Early 30s (ages 28-44).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At the beginning of the 20s, young adults still make impetuous errors and do not show PES afterward, contrary to young adults in their early 30s. Larger ERN and smaller Pe amplitude in Early 30s suggest that adult-like error processing results in early enhancement of effortful stimulus control mechanism (ERN) and the reduction in later response evaluation process (Pe).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings suggest that the response strategies, both behavioral and neurocognitive, which would assure stable performance resembling adult levels, may still not be reached in the early 20s. Well-timed interventions could help reduce the impact of these tendencies by introducing strategies that provide more efficient performance. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"259-267"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139562592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"True and false memory priming of perceptual closure problems in healthy older adults and older adults with Alzheimer's disease.","authors":"Mark L Howe, Shazia Akhtar","doi":"10.1037/neu0000939","DOIUrl":"10.1037/neu0000939","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The present study set out to investigate whether false memories for pictures exhibit priming effects in older adult controls (OACs) and people with early onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). We conducted two studies to examine whether false memories for pictures had a priming effect on a perceptual closure task (PCT).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>In Experiment 1, OACs and people with early onset AD were presented with pictorial versions of the Deese/Rodiger-McDermott lists and took part in a recognition task. This followed with a PCT, where both groups were shown degraded pictures that became clearer over time and participants had to identify the picture as quickly as possible. In Experiment 2, we manipulated the modality-verbal versus pictorial in both the study phase and PCT phase.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Experiment 1 results indicated false memories for pictures did not serve as effective primes in the PCT. Experiment 2 results revealed pictorial false memories primed the PCT significantly slower than pictorial true memories in the visual PCT task, but the reverse finding was shown for the verbal PCT task. Finally, verbal false memories primed the verbal PCT reliably faster than true memories.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings show when solving pictorial problems, for both older adults and people with AD false memories may not activate the appropriate representation in memory for solving a pictorial problems whereas actually presented items do. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"239-248"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139513434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Replicating the classification accuracy of the Verbal Paired Associates and Visual Reproduction recognition trials as embedded performance validity tests.","authors":"Iulia Crisan, Natalie May, Luciano Giromini, Robert M Roth, Laszlo A Erdodi","doi":"10.1037/neu0000934","DOIUrl":"10.1037/neu0000934","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study was designed to replicate previous research on the clinical utility of the Verbal Paired Associates (VPA) and Visual Reproduction (VR) subtests of the WMS-IV as embedded performance validity tests (PVTs) and perform a critical item (CR) analysis within the VPA recognition trial.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Archival data were collected from a mixed clinical sample of 119 adults (<i>M</i>_Age = 42.5, <i>M</i>_Education = 13.9). Classification accuracy was computed against psychometrically defined criterion groups based on the outcome of various free-standing and embedded PVTs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Age-corrected scaled scores ≤ 6 were specific (.89-.98) but had variable sensitivity (.36-.64). A VPA recognition cutoff of ≤ 34 produced a good combination of sensitivity (.46-.56) and specificity (.92-.93), as did a VR recognition cutoff of ≤ 4 (.48-.53 sensitivity at .86-.94 specificity). Critical item analysis expanded the VPA's sensitivity by 3.5%-7.0% and specificity by 5%-8%. Negative learning curves (declining output on subsequent encoding trials) were rare but highly specific (.99-1.00) to noncredible responding.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Results largely support previous reports on the clinical utility of the VPA and VR as embedded PVTs. Sample-specific fluctuations in their classification accuracy warrant further research into the generalizability of the findings. Critical item analysis offers a cost-effective method for increasing confidence in the interpretation of the VPA recognition trial as a PVT. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"281-292"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71425478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial attention modulation of the brain network involved in mental time travel.","authors":"Claudia Casadio, Ivan Patané, Daniela Ballotta, Michela Candini, Fausta Lui, Francesca Benuzzi, Francesca Frassinetti","doi":"10.1037/neu0000940","DOIUrl":"10.1037/neu0000940","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The ability to mental time travel (MTT) consists in moving along a cognitive and spatially oriented representation of time, that is, an ideal mental time line, where past and future events are, respectively, located on the left and on the right portion of such a line. A shift of spatial attention by prismatic adaptation (PA) influences this spatial coding of time, thus affecting MTT. Here, we investigated the neural correlates of such a spatial modulation on MTT in a functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging protocol.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>To study MTT ability, participants were asked to indicate if a series of events took place before or after (Self-Reference component) an imagined self-location in time (Past, Present or Future; Self-Projection component), where they had to project themselves. The MTT task was performed before and after PA inducing a leftward shift of spatial attention, which is supposed to move toward the left portion of mental time line (MTL), where Past is represented.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Following PA, we observed a facilitation in responding to past as compared to future events when participants projected themselves to the Past projection. As a functional counterpart of this behavioral finding, we propose a model of the brain activity modulations following the PA effects on MTT.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>As a result of the shift of spatial attention toward the left, the facilitation in having access to past events is associated with the inhibition of superior frontal gyrus in the left hemisphere, whereas the facilitation in projecting toward the Past may result from the activity modulation in right and left inferior parietal lobule. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"268-280"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138830757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of aging on externally cued and internally driven uncertainty representations.","authors":"Laura E Korthauer, Elena K Festa, Zachary T Gemelli, Mingjian He, William C Heindel","doi":"10.1037/neu0000936","DOIUrl":"10.1037/neu0000936","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The Hick-Hyman law states that response time (RT) increases linearly with increasing information uncertainty. The effects of aging on uncertainty representations in choice RT paradigms remain unclear, including whether aging differentially affects processes mediating externally cued versus internally driven uncertainty. This study sought to characterize age-related differences in uncertainty representations using a card-sorting task.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The task separately manipulated internally driven uncertainty (i.e., probability of each stimulus type with fixed number of response piles) and externally cued uncertainty (i.e., number of response piles with fixed probability of each stimulus type).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Older adults (OA) showed greater RT slowing than younger adults in response to uncertainty load, an effect that was stronger in the externally cued than internally driven condition. While both age groups showed lower accuracy and greater RTs in response to unexpected (surprising) stimuli in the internally driven condition at low uncertainty loads, OA were unable to distinguish between expected and nonexpected stimuli at higher uncertainty loads when the probability of each stimulus type was close to equal. Among OA, better performance on the internally driven, but not externally cued, condition was associated with better global cognitive performance and verbal fluency.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Collectively, these findings provide behavioral evidence of age-related disruptions to bottom-up (externally cued) and top-down (supporting internally driven mental representations) resources to process uncertainty and coordinate task-relevant action. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"249-258"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71425476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying and distinguishing cognitive profiles among virally suppressed people with HIV.","authors":"Erin E Sundermann, Raha Dastgheyb, David J Moore, Alison S Buchholz, Mark W Bondi, Ronald J Ellis, Scott L Letendre, Robert K Heaton, Leah H Rubin","doi":"10.1037/neu0000935","DOIUrl":"10.1037/neu0000935","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Cognitive deficits are common among people with HIV (PWH), even when virally suppressed. We identified cognitive profiles among virally suppressed PWH and determined how sociodemographic, clinical/behavioral, and HIV disease characteristics distinguish profile membership.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Participants included 704 virally suppressed PWH (<i>M</i>_age = 43.9 [<i>SD</i> = 10.2], 88% male, 58.9% non-Hispanic White) from the HIV Neurobehavioral Research Program. Demographically adjusted T scores were derived from a neuropsychological evaluation comprised of 13 tests. We implemented a pipeline involving dimension reduction and clustering to identify profiles of cognitive performance. Random forest models on a 70/30 training/testing set with internal cross-validation were used to identify sociodemographic, clinical/behavioral, and HIV disease correlates of profile membership.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Six cognitive profiles were identified: (a) \"unimpaired\" (19.9%); (b) weakness in verbal learning and memory (15.5%); (c) weakness in executive function and learning (25.8%); (d) weakness in motor, processing speed, and executive function (8.1%); (e) impaired learning and recall with weak-to-impaired motor, processing speed, and executive function (13.1%); (f) global deficits (17.6%). The most discriminative sociodemographic, clinical/behavioral, and HIV disease characteristics varied by profile with self-reported mood symptoms and cognitive/functional difficulties (e.g., language/communication, memory, and overall everyday function complaints) most consistently associated with profile membership.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Cognitive profiles and their associated factors among PWH are heterogeneous, but learning/memory deficits were most common and self-reported mood, and cognitive/functional difficulties were most consistently related to profile membership. This heterogeneity in cognitive profiles and their correlates in PWH suggests that differing mechanisms contribute to cognitive deficits and, thus, underscores the need for personalized risk reduction and therapeutic strategies among PWH. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"169-183"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11260085/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136398487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dissociating the impact of alexithymia and impaired self-awareness on emotional distress and aggression after traumatic brain injury.","authors":"Suvi P Dockree, Cathal W Ffrench, Jodie A L O'Hara, Paul A Carroll, Paul M Dockree, Brian E McGuire","doi":"10.1037/neu0000926","DOIUrl":"10.1037/neu0000926","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Alexithymia, a deficit in identifying and describing feelings, is prevalent in traumatic brain injury (TBI). Sometimes referred to as \"emotional unawareness,\" we sought to investigate whether alexithymia after TBI was related to, or distinct from, impaired self-awareness (ISA) and whether the two predicted differentiable emotional and aggression profiles. Further, the mediating role of frontal system behaviors (disinhibition, dysexecutive function, apathy) was explored.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Participants with TBI (<i>N</i> = 40) from diverse backgrounds completed self-report measures of alexithymia, emotional distress, aggression, and frontal system behaviors. For the assessment of ISA, significant other ratings were obtained to identify discrepancies from self-ratings. Data were analyzed quantitatively using independent samples t tests, correlations, partial correlations, and simple mediation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was a negative correlation between alexithymia and ISA. Alexithymia, but not ISA, was associated with higher expressions of emotional distress and aggression even after controlling for the effects of ISA via partial correlations. Exploratory analyses found that frontal system behaviors mediated the relationships between alexithymia and aggression and alexithymia and emotional distress.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Alexithymia is more accurately conceptualized as an emotional processing deficit than an awareness deficit. Indeed, self-awareness may be a prerequisite for the ability to identify alexithymic tendencies. Negative psychological effects of alexithymia are compounded by poorer executive function and disinhibition and call for the development of TBI-specific alexithymia screening tools and interventions. Alexithymia interventions are best delivered in conjunction with rehabilitation of emotion regulation and executive function. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"134-145"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50162348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increased intraindividual variability in reaction time performance is associated with emerging cognitive decline in cognitively unimpaired adults.","authors":"Roos J Jutten, Rebecca E Amariglio, Paul Maruff, Michael J Properzi, Dorene M Rentz, Keith A Johnson, Reisa A Sperling, Kathryn V Papp","doi":"10.1037/neu0000928","DOIUrl":"10.1037/neu0000928","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate whether intraindividual variability (IIV) in reaction time (RT) over monthly administered cognitive tasks is increased in cognitively unimpaired older adults who are at risk for cognitive decline, and whether this is independent of mean RT performance.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong><i>N</i> = 109 cognitively unimpaired individuals (age 77.4 ± 5.0, 61.5% female, Mini-Mental State Examination 29.1 ± 1.3) from the Harvard Aging Brain Study completed the self-administered Computerized Cognitive Composite (C3) monthly at home for up to 1 year (12.7 ± 3.2 C3 assessments). Baseline C3 assessment coincided with routine in-clinic visits, including amyloid and tau positron emission tomography imaging and standardized cognitive testing, with cognitive testing repeated annually (1.6 ± 1.2 years follow-up). The C3 includes two simple RT tasks and two complex RT tasks. IIV estimates were derived by computing intraindividual standard deviations on residual RT scores after regressing out age and session order effects. Cross-sectional associations of IIV with cognition (global cognition, memory, executive functions [EF], processing speed) and amyloid and tau burden were examined using linear regression analyses correcting for demographics and mean RT. The association between IIV and cognitive decline was assessed using linear mixed models correcting for demographic factors, mean RT, and amyloid burden.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After adjusting for mean RT, increased IIV on complex RT tasks was independently associated with worse EF performance (β = -0.10, 95% CI [-.16, -0.03], <i>p</i> = .004), greater inferior-temporal tau deposition (β = 0.18, 95% CI [0.02, 0.34], <i>p</i> = .024), and faster cognitive decline in those with elevated amyloid (β = -0.62, 95% CI [-1.18, -0.06], <i>p</i> = .033).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Increased variability in monthly RT may reflect subtle EF deficits and provide unique information about short-term cognitive decline in preclinical Alzheimer's disease. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"184-197"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136398488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A diffusion decision model analysis of the cognitive effects of neurofeedback for ADHD.","authors":"Nadja R Ging-Jehli, Quinn A Painter, Helena A Kraemer, Michelle E Roley-Roberts, Catherine Panchyshyn, Roger deBeus, L Eugene Arnold","doi":"10.1037/neu0000932","DOIUrl":"10.1037/neu0000932","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine cognitive effects of neurofeedback (NF) for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) as a secondary outcome of a randomized clinical trial.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>In a double-blind randomized clinical trial (NCT02251743), 133 7-10-year olds with ADHD received either 38 sessions of NF (<i>n</i> = 78) or control treatment (<i>n</i> = 55) and performed an integrated visual and auditory continuous performance test at baseline, mid- and end-treatment. We used the diffusion decision model to decompose integrated visual and auditory continuous performance test performance at each assessment into cognitive components: efficiency of integrating stimulus information (<i>v</i>), context sensitivity (<i>c_v</i>), response cautiousness (<i>a</i>), response bias (<i>z/a</i>), and nondecision time for perceptual encoding and response execution (<i>T_er</i>). Based on prior findings, we tested whether the components known to be deficient improved with NF and explored whether other cognitive components improved using linear mixed modeling.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Before NF, children with ADHD showed main deficits in integrating stimulus information (<i>v</i>), which led to less accurate and slower responses than healthy controls (<i>p</i> = .008). The NF group showed significantly more improvement in integrating auditory stimulus information (<i>v</i>) than control treatment (significant group-by-time-by-modality effect: <i>p</i> = .044).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>NF seems to improve <i>v</i>, deficient in ADHD. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"146-156"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10842533/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136398484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social cognitive disruptions in multiple sclerosis: The role of executive (dys)function.","authors":"Charlotte R Pennington, Michelle C-S-Y Oxtoby, Daniel J Shaw","doi":"10.1037/neu0000917","DOIUrl":"10.1037/neu0000917","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, resulting in a range of potential motor and cognitive impairments. The latter can affect both executive functions that orchestrate general goal-directed behavior and social cognitive processes that support our ability to interact with others and maintain healthy interpersonal relationships. Despite a long history of research into the cognitive symptoms of MS, it remains uncertain if social cognitive disruptions occur independently of, or reflect underlying disturbances to, more foundational executive functions. The present preregistered study investigated this directly.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Employing an experimental design, we administered a battery of computerized tasks online to a large sample comprising 134 individuals with MS and 134 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs). Three tasks measured elements of executive function (working memory, response inhibition, and switching) and two assessed components of social cognition disrupted most commonly in MS (emotion perception and theory of mind).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Individuals with MS exhibited poorer working memory (<i>d</i> = .31), response inhibition (<i>d</i> = -.26), emotion perception (<i>d</i> = .32), and theory of mind (<i>d</i> = .35) compared with matched HCs. Furthermore, exploratory mediation analyses revealed that working memory performance accounted for approximately 20% of the group differences in both measures of social cognition.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Disruptions to working memory appear to serve as one of the mechanisms underpinning disturbances to social cognition in MS. Future research should examine if the benefits of cognitive rehabilitation programs that incorporate working memory training transfer to these social cognitive processes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"157-168"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9690136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}