Neuropsychology最新文献_第8页

Processing speed in first episode of psychosis and first-degree relatives: A candidate endophenotype of spectrum schizophrenia disorders. 首次发作的精神病患者和一级亲属的处理速度：精神分裂症谱系障碍的候选内表型

IF 2.6 3区心理学

Neuropsychology Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-08 DOI: 10.1037/neu0000931

Ángel Yorca-Ruiz, Nancy Murillo-García, Rebeca Magdaleno Herrero, Alexandre Díaz-Pons, Víctor Ortiz García de la Foz, Luis Manuel Fernández Cacho, Mónica L Fanarraga, Rosa Ayesa-Arriola

{"title":"Processing speed in first episode of psychosis and first-degree relatives: A candidate endophenotype of spectrum schizophrenia disorders.","authors":"Ángel Yorca-Ruiz, Nancy Murillo-García, Rebeca Magdaleno Herrero, Alexandre Díaz-Pons, Víctor Ortiz García de la Foz, Luis Manuel Fernández Cacho, Mónica L Fanarraga, Rosa Ayesa-Arriola","doi":"10.1037/neu0000931","DOIUrl":"10.1037/neu0000931","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The processing speed (PS) is highly impacted in individuals experiencing their first episode of psychosis (FEP). Conducting family studies can help to determine whether PS can serve as an endophenotype of schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs), offering valuable insights into the prevention and diagnosis of SSDs.Method: A comprehensive cognitive battery, encompassing tests for PS, verbal memory, visual memory, working memory, executive functions, motor dexterity, and attention, was administered to a sample consisting of 133 FEP patients, 146 parents, 98 siblings, and 202 healthy controls (HCs). Univariate analyses (analysis of covariance [ANCOVA]) were conducted to compare the different cognitive domains between groups, utilizing sex, age, and years of education as covariates and Bonferroni corrections. Effect sizes (ESs) were calculated for estimating the magnitude of differences between groups.Results: Group comparisons revealed significant differences in all cognitive domains. PS was the most impaired function in patients. Parents and siblings had intermediate PS performance between FEP patients and HC. Large ES were observed in PS between FEP versus siblings, FEP versus controls, parents versus controls, and parents versus siblings.Conclusions: Despite not meeting all the necessary criteria, the PS observed in FEP patients and their first-degree relatives suggests its potential as a promising endophenotype of SSDs. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"357-367"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139707397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Rehabilitation of Executive Function in Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury (REPeaT): Outcomes of a pilot randomized controlled trial. 小儿创伤性脑损伤执行功能康复（REPeaT）：随机对照试验的结果。

IF 2.4 3区心理学

Neuropsychology Pub Date : 2024-04-18 DOI: 10.1037/neu0000951

Nikita Tuli Sood, Celia Godfrey, Daina Krasts, Elle Morrison, Clara Chavez Arana, Stephen J C Hearps, Vicki Anderson, Cathy Catroppa

引用次数: 0

Pick a PACC: Comparing domain-specific and general cognitive composites in Alzheimer disease research. 选择 PACC：比较阿尔茨海默病研究中的特定领域认知复合材料和一般认知复合材料。

IF 2.4 3区心理学

Neuropsychology Pub Date : 2024-04-11 DOI: 10.1037/neu0000949

Nicole S McKay, Peter R Millar, Jessica Nicosia, Andrew J Aschenbrenner, Brian A Gordon, Tammie L S Benzinger, Carolos C Cruchaga, Suzanne E Schindler, John C Morris, Jason Hassenstab

引用次数: 0

Anhedonia reflects an encoding deficit for pleasant stimuli in schizophrenia: Evidence from the emotion-induced memory trade-off eye-tracking paradigm. 厌食症反映了精神分裂症患者对愉快刺激的编码缺陷：来自情绪诱导记忆权衡眼动追踪范式的证据。

IF 2.4 3区心理学

Neuropsychology Pub Date : 2024-04-11 DOI: 10.1037/neu0000908

Kayla M Whearty, Ivan Ruiz, Anna R Knippenberg, Gregory P Strauss

引用次数: 0

Cardiovascular health and rate of cognitive decline in preclinical dementia: A 12-year population-based study. 心血管健康与临床前痴呆症认知能力下降率：一项为期 12 年的人口研究。

IF 2.6 3区心理学

Neuropsychology Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-08 DOI: 10.1037/neu0000925

Andreja Speh, Nicola Maria Payton, Milica G Kramberger, Giulia Grande, Chengxuan Qiu, Bengt Winblad, Laura Fratiglioni, Lars Bäckman, Erika J Laukka

{"title":"Cardiovascular health and rate of cognitive decline in preclinical dementia: A 12-year population-based study.","authors":"Andreja Speh, Nicola Maria Payton, Milica G Kramberger, Giulia Grande, Chengxuan Qiu, Bengt Winblad, Laura Fratiglioni, Lars Bäckman, Erika J Laukka","doi":"10.1037/neu0000925","DOIUrl":"10.1037/neu0000925","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: We investigated whether vascular risk factors (VRFs), assessed with Life's Simple 7 (LS7), are associated with the rate of cognitive decline in the years preceding a dementia diagnosis.Method: This study included 1,449 stroke-free participants aged ≥60 years from the Swedish National Study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen, who underwent repeated neuropsychological testing (episodic memory, semantic memory, verbal fluency, perceptual speed) across 12 years. The LS7 score, assessed at baseline, included smoking, diet, physical activity, body mass index, plasma glucose, total cholesterol, and blood pressure. Preclinical dementia was defined as being dementia-free at baseline and diagnosed with dementia during follow-up. Level and change in cognitive performance as a function of LS7 category (poor vs. intermediate to optimal) and future dementia status were estimated using linear mixed-effect models.Results: Participants who later developed dementia had, on average, a poorer LS7 score compared to those who remained dementia-free. For individuals aged 60-72 years, poor diet was associated with accelerated decline in perceptual speed (β = -0.05, 95% CI [-0.08, -0.02]), and a poor glucose score was associated with faster rates of verbal fluency (β = -0.019, 95% CI [-0.09, -0.01]) and global cognitive (β = -0.028, 95% CI [-0.06, 0.00]) decline in the preclinical dementia group.Conclusions: VRFs exacerbate rate of cognitive decline in the years preceding a dementia diagnosis. This effect was most pronounced in young-old age and primarily driven by diet and glucose. The effect of VRFs may be especially detrimental for cognitive decline trajectories of individuals with impending dementia. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"211-222"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139707395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Error processing in young adulthood: Age-related differences in electrophysiology and behavioral performance. 青年期的错误处理：电生理学和行为表现中与年龄相关的差异

IF 2.6 3区心理学

Neuropsychology Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-25 DOI: 10.1037/neu0000944

Martina Knežević

{"title":"Error processing in young adulthood: Age-related differences in electrophysiology and behavioral performance.","authors":"Martina Knežević","doi":"10.1037/neu0000944","DOIUrl":"10.1037/neu0000944","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The error-related negativity (ERN) and the error positivity (Pe) are electrophysiological components of error processing that develop throughout adolescence and into adulthood. As young people in their early 20s make many important life decisions, the inability to monitor and adapt behavior appropriately may interfere with their personal goals, such as educational or professional achievements. The aim of this study was to investigate age-related differences in error processing across young adulthood.Method: Using electroencephalography and the go/no-go task, we examined behavioral (error rates, reaction times, posterror slowing [PES]) and event-related potential (ERN, Pe) indexes of error processing. Ninety-five participants were divided into three age groups: Early 20s (ages 19-21), Mid 20s (ages 23-26), and Early 30s (ages 28-44).Results: At the beginning of the 20s, young adults still make impetuous errors and do not show PES afterward, contrary to young adults in their early 30s. Larger ERN and smaller Pe amplitude in Early 30s suggest that adult-like error processing results in early enhancement of effortful stimulus control mechanism (ERN) and the reduction in later response evaluation process (Pe).Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the response strategies, both behavioral and neurocognitive, which would assure stable performance resembling adult levels, may still not be reached in the early 20s. Well-timed interventions could help reduce the impact of these tendencies by introducing strategies that provide more efficient performance. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"259-267"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139562592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

True and false memory priming of perceptual closure problems in healthy older adults and older adults with Alzheimer's disease. 健康老年人和阿尔茨海默氏症老年人感知封闭问题的真假记忆引物。

IF 2.4 3区心理学

Neuropsychology Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-22 DOI: 10.1037/neu0000939

Mark L Howe, Shazia Akhtar

{"title":"True and false memory priming of perceptual closure problems in healthy older adults and older adults with Alzheimer's disease.","authors":"Mark L Howe, Shazia Akhtar","doi":"10.1037/neu0000939","DOIUrl":"10.1037/neu0000939","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The present study set out to investigate whether false memories for pictures exhibit priming effects in older adult controls (OACs) and people with early onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). We conducted two studies to examine whether false memories for pictures had a priming effect on a perceptual closure task (PCT).Method: In Experiment 1, OACs and people with early onset AD were presented with pictorial versions of the Deese/Rodiger-McDermott lists and took part in a recognition task. This followed with a PCT, where both groups were shown degraded pictures that became clearer over time and participants had to identify the picture as quickly as possible. In Experiment 2, we manipulated the modality-verbal versus pictorial in both the study phase and PCT phase.Results: Experiment 1 results indicated false memories for pictures did not serve as effective primes in the PCT. Experiment 2 results revealed pictorial false memories primed the PCT significantly slower than pictorial true memories in the visual PCT task, but the reverse finding was shown for the verbal PCT task. Finally, verbal false memories primed the verbal PCT reliably faster than true memories.Conclusions: Our findings show when solving pictorial problems, for both older adults and people with AD false memories may not activate the appropriate representation in memory for solving a pictorial problems whereas actually presented items do. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"239-248"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139513434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Replicating the classification accuracy of the Verbal Paired Associates and Visual Reproduction recognition trials as embedded performance validity tests. 将言语配对联想和视觉再现识别试验的分类准确性复制为嵌入式性能有效性测试。

IF 2.6 3区心理学

Neuropsychology Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-02 DOI: 10.1037/neu0000934

Iulia Crisan, Natalie May, Luciano Giromini, Robert M Roth, Laszlo A Erdodi

{"title":"Replicating the classification accuracy of the Verbal Paired Associates and Visual Reproduction recognition trials as embedded performance validity tests.","authors":"Iulia Crisan, Natalie May, Luciano Giromini, Robert M Roth, Laszlo A Erdodi","doi":"10.1037/neu0000934","DOIUrl":"10.1037/neu0000934","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This study was designed to replicate previous research on the clinical utility of the Verbal Paired Associates (VPA) and Visual Reproduction (VR) subtests of the WMS-IV as embedded performance validity tests (PVTs) and perform a critical item (CR) analysis within the VPA recognition trial.Method: Archival data were collected from a mixed clinical sample of 119 adults (MAge = 42.5, MEducation = 13.9). Classification accuracy was computed against psychometrically defined criterion groups based on the outcome of various free-standing and embedded PVTs.Results: Age-corrected scaled scores ≤ 6 were specific (.89-.98) but had variable sensitivity (.36-.64). A VPA recognition cutoff of ≤ 34 produced a good combination of sensitivity (.46-.56) and specificity (.92-.93), as did a VR recognition cutoff of ≤ 4 (.48-.53 sensitivity at .86-.94 specificity). Critical item analysis expanded the VPA's sensitivity by 3.5%-7.0% and specificity by 5%-8%. Negative learning curves (declining output on subsequent encoding trials) were rare but highly specific (.99-1.00) to noncredible responding.Conclusions: Results largely support previous reports on the clinical utility of the VPA and VR as embedded PVTs. Sample-specific fluctuations in their classification accuracy warrant further research into the generalizability of the findings. Critical item analysis offers a cost-effective method for increasing confidence in the interpretation of the VPA recognition trial as a PVT. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"281-292"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71425478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Spatial attention modulation of the brain network involved in mental time travel. 参与心理时间旅行的大脑网络的空间注意力调节。

IF 2.6 3区心理学

Neuropsychology Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2023-12-21 DOI: 10.1037/neu0000940

Claudia Casadio, Ivan Patané, Daniela Ballotta, Michela Candini, Fausta Lui, Francesca Benuzzi, Francesca Frassinetti

{"title":"Spatial attention modulation of the brain network involved in mental time travel.","authors":"Claudia Casadio, Ivan Patané, Daniela Ballotta, Michela Candini, Fausta Lui, Francesca Benuzzi, Francesca Frassinetti","doi":"10.1037/neu0000940","DOIUrl":"10.1037/neu0000940","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: The ability to mental time travel (MTT) consists in moving along a cognitive and spatially oriented representation of time, that is, an ideal mental time line, where past and future events are, respectively, located on the left and on the right portion of such a line. A shift of spatial attention by prismatic adaptation (PA) influences this spatial coding of time, thus affecting MTT. Here, we investigated the neural correlates of such a spatial modulation on MTT in a functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging protocol.Method: To study MTT ability, participants were asked to indicate if a series of events took place before or after (Self-Reference component) an imagined self-location in time (Past, Present or Future; Self-Projection component), where they had to project themselves. The MTT task was performed before and after PA inducing a leftward shift of spatial attention, which is supposed to move toward the left portion of mental time line (MTL), where Past is represented.Results: Following PA, we observed a facilitation in responding to past as compared to future events when participants projected themselves to the Past projection. As a functional counterpart of this behavioral finding, we propose a model of the brain activity modulations following the PA effects on MTT.Conclusions: As a result of the shift of spatial attention toward the left, the facilitation in having access to past events is associated with the inhibition of superior frontal gyrus in the left hemisphere, whereas the facilitation in projecting toward the Past may result from the activity modulation in right and left inferior parietal lobule. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"268-280"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138830757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of aging on externally cued and internally driven uncertainty representations. 老化对外部提示和内部驱动的不确定性表示的影响。

IF 2.6 3区心理学

Neuropsychology Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-02 DOI: 10.1037/neu0000936

Laura E Korthauer, Elena K Festa, Zachary T Gemelli, Mingjian He, William C Heindel

{"title":"Effects of aging on externally cued and internally driven uncertainty representations.","authors":"Laura E Korthauer, Elena K Festa, Zachary T Gemelli, Mingjian He, William C Heindel","doi":"10.1037/neu0000936","DOIUrl":"10.1037/neu0000936","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The Hick-Hyman law states that response time (RT) increases linearly with increasing information uncertainty. The effects of aging on uncertainty representations in choice RT paradigms remain unclear, including whether aging differentially affects processes mediating externally cued versus internally driven uncertainty. This study sought to characterize age-related differences in uncertainty representations using a card-sorting task.Method: The task separately manipulated internally driven uncertainty (i.e., probability of each stimulus type with fixed number of response piles) and externally cued uncertainty (i.e., number of response piles with fixed probability of each stimulus type).Results: Older adults (OA) showed greater RT slowing than younger adults in response to uncertainty load, an effect that was stronger in the externally cued than internally driven condition. While both age groups showed lower accuracy and greater RTs in response to unexpected (surprising) stimuli in the internally driven condition at low uncertainty loads, OA were unable to distinguish between expected and nonexpected stimuli at higher uncertainty loads when the probability of each stimulus type was close to equal. Among OA, better performance on the internally driven, but not externally cued, condition was associated with better global cognitive performance and verbal fluency.Conclusions: Collectively, these findings provide behavioral evidence of age-related disruptions to bottom-up (externally cued) and top-down (supporting internally driven mental representations) resources to process uncertainty and coordinate task-relevant action. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"249-258"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71425476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0