Neuropsychology最新文献

{"title":"Relationships between hourly cognitive variability and risk of Alzheimer's disease revealed with mixed-effects location scale models.","authors":"Andrew J Aschenbrenner, Jason Hassenstab, John C Morris, Carlos Cruchaga, Joshua J Jackson","doi":"10.1037/neu0000905","DOIUrl":"10.1037/neu0000905","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Observational studies on aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD) typically focus on mean-level changes in cognitive performance over relatively long periods of time (years or decades). Additionally, some studies have examined how trial-level fluctuations in speeded reaction time are related to both age and AD. The aim of the current project was to describe patterns of variability across repeated days of testing as a function of AD risk in cognitively normal older adults.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The current project examined the performance of the Ambulatory Research in Cognition (ARC) smartphone application, a high-frequency remote cognitive assessment paradigm, that administers brief tests of episodic memory, spatial working memory, and processing speed. Bayesian mixed-effects location scale models were used to explore differences in mean cognitive performance and intraindividual variability across 28 repeated sessions over a 1-week assessment interval as function of age and genetic risk of AD, specifically the presence of at least one apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean performance on processing speed and working memory was negatively related to age and APOE status. More importantly, e4 carriers exhibited increased session-level variability on a test of processing speed compared to noncarriers. Age and education did not consistently relate to cognitive variability, contrary to expectations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Preclinical AD risk, defined as possessing at least one APOE ε4 allele, is not only associated with mean-level performance differences, but also with increases in variability across repeated testing occasions particularly on a test of processing speed. Thus, cognitive variability may serve as an additional and important indicator of AD risk. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"69-80"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10587364/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10392418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does early adversity predict executive functioning difficulties among undergraduates? Dissociations among self-report, performance, and EEG measures.","authors":"Rebecca J Compton, Eric Kopczynski, Keishla Sanchez, Katrina Severtson, Joanna Gengo, Olivia Ahart, Lauren Handler","doi":"10.1037/neu0000921","DOIUrl":"10.1037/neu0000921","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The present research aimed to determine whether self-reports of early adversity predicted individual differences in self-reported and laboratory-measured executive functioning in college-aged samples.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Two studies with young adult samples (<i>n</i> = 231 and <i>n</i> = 61) measured endorsement of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), self-reported executive functioning difficulties on the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF), and self-report measures of depression and emotion regulation. The second sample also completed laboratory performance tasks of working memory, inhibitory control, and selective attention while electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In both samples, greater self-reported ACEs predicted greater reports of executive functioning difficulties on the BRIEF (<i>r</i>s = 0.378 and 0.322), relationships of medium effect size that remained significant when controlling for depression and emotion regulation variables. In the second sample, despite robust EEG/event-related potential (ERP) task findings in the group as a whole, neither lab task performance nor EEG/ERP measures were reliably correlated with individual differences in ACEs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We consider multiple alternative explanations for why early adversity predicted self-reported executive functioning difficulties but not lab task performance or neural measures in the same sample. These findings may reflect a propensity for negative self-evaluation among those with early adverse experiences, leading to inflated estimates of their own executive function problems. Alternatively, the findings may indicate that the lab tasks are insufficient in tapping aspects of executive functions that are relevant outside the lab context. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"27-41"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136398486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parental warmth, stressful life events, and impulsivity: A gene-environment-wide interaction study.","authors":"Xinrui Wang, Hejun Liu, Qinghua He, Chuansheng Chen, Gui Xue, Qi Dong, Chunhui Chen","doi":"10.1037/neu0000927","DOIUrl":"10.1037/neu0000927","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Impulsivity is influenced by genetic, neural, and environmental factors, but no study has examined how these factors work together to generate individual differences in impulsivity. The present study aimed to define the functional network that subserves impulsivity and test its relations with the gene-environment interactions found in the gene-environment-wide interaction study.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This study used a sample of healthy Chinese college students (<i>N</i> = 1,145) to identify gene-environment interactive effects on impulsivity, then defined the functional brain network related to impulsivity in an independent sample (<i>N</i> = 483), and explored the gene-brain associations using polygenic risk score.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The present study found that 14 genes showed significant interactive effects with parental warmth (a protective environmental factor) and that six genes showed significant interactive effects with stressful life events (a risk environmental factor). The polygenic risk score for parental warmth was significantly correlated with functional connectivity especially the left middle frontal gyrus (MFG)-left inferior occipital and left MFG-left superior frontal gyrus functional connectivity, while the polygenic risk score for more stressful life events was significantly correlated with functional connectivity of left dorsal medial prefrontal cortex (DMPFC) to other regions. These associations were stronger in more adverse environments (i.e., low parental warmth or high stressful life events).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This was the first gene-environment-wide interaction study of impulsivity. Future studies should replicate our results and explore the underlying mechanisms of these interactions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"17-26"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71425477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What's in a score: A longitudinal investigation of scores based on item response theory and classical test theory for the Amsterdam Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Questionnaire in cognitively normal and impaired older adults.","authors":"Mark A Dubbelman, Merel C Postema, Roos J Jutten, John E Harrison, Craig W Ritchie, André Aleman, Frank Jan de Jong, Benjamin D Schalet, Caroline B Terwee, Wiesje M van der Flier, Philip Scheltens, Sietske A M Sikkes","doi":"10.1037/neu0000914","DOIUrl":"10.1037/neu0000914","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>We aimed to investigate whether item response theory (IRT)-based scoring allows for a more accurate, responsive, and less biased assessment of everyday functioning than traditional classical test theory (CTT)-based scoring, as measured with the Amsterdam Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Questionnaire.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>In this longitudinal multicenter study including cognitively normal and impaired individuals, we examined IRT-based and CTT-based score distributions and differences between diagnostic groups using linear regressions, and investigated scale attenuation. We compared change over time between scoring methods using linear mixed models with random intercepts and slopes for time.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two thousand two hundred ninety-four participants were included (66.6 ± 7.7 years, 54% female): <i>n</i> = 2,032 (89%) with normal cognition, <i>n</i> = 93 (4%) with subjective cognitive decline, <i>n</i> = 79 (3%) with mild cognitive impairment, and <i>n</i> = 91 (4%) with dementia. At baseline, IRT-based and CTT-based scores were highly correlated (<i>r</i> = -0.92). IRT-based scores showed less scale attenuation than CTT-based scores. In a subsample of <i>n</i> = 1,145 (62%) who were followed for a mean of 1.3 (<i>SD</i> = 0.6) years, IRT-based scores declined significantly among cognitively normal individuals (unstandardized coefficient [<i>B</i>] = -0.15, 95% confidence interval, 95% CI [-0.28, -0.03], effect size = -0.02), whereas CTT-based scores did not (<i>B</i> = 0.20, 95% CI [-0.02, 0.41], effect size = 0.02). In the other diagnostic groups, effect sizes of change over time were similar.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>IRT-based scores were less affected by scale attenuation than CTT-based scores. With regard to responsiveness, IRT-based scores showed more signal than CTT-based scores in early disease stages, highlighting the IRT-based scores' superior suitability for use in preclinical populations. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"96-105"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10524537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Working memory and math skills in children with and without ADHD.","authors":"Fatou Gaye, Nicole B Groves, Elizabeth S M Chan, Alissa M Cole, Emma M Jaisle, Elia F Soto, Michael J Kofler","doi":"10.1037/neu0000920","DOIUrl":"10.1037/neu0000920","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) frequently demonstrate deficits in working memory and in multiple domains of math skills, including underdeveloped problem-solving and computation skills. The Baddeley model of working memory posits a multicomponent system, including a domain-general central executive and two domain-specific subsystems-phonological short-term memory and visuospatial short-term memory. Extant literature indicates a strong link between neurocognitive deficits in working/short-term memory and math skills; however, the extent to which each component of working/short-term memory may account for this relation is unclear.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The present study was the first to use bifactor (S·I-1) modeling to examine relations between each working/short-term memory subcomponent (i.e., central executive, phonological short-term memory, and visuospatial short-term memory), ADHD symptoms, and math skills in a clinically evaluated sample of 186 children ages 8-13 (<i>M</i>_years = 10.40, <i>SD</i> = 1.49; 62 girls; 69% White/non-Hispanic).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Structural equation modeling indicated that all three working/short-term memory components exert a significant and approximately equal effect on latent math skills (β = .29-.50, all <i>p</i> < .05) and together explain 56% of the variance in children's math achievement (<i>R</i>² = .56). Exploratory analyses indicated that teacher-reported ADHD inattentive symptoms provided a small but significant contribution to predicting latent math skills (Δ<i>R</i>² = .07) and accounted for 24% of the central executive/math association.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggest that math difficulties in children with ADHD and clinically evaluated children without ADHD are associated, in large part, with their neurocognitive vulnerabilities in working/short-term memory and, to a lesser extent, overt ADHD symptoms. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10842998/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71425479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supplemental Material for Spatial Attention Modulation of the Brain Network Involved in Mental Time Travel","authors":"","doi":"10.1037/neu0000940.supp","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/neu0000940.supp","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":"59 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138949162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relationship between social cognitive processes and behavior changes in people with amnestic mild cognitive impairment or dementia using the Edinburgh Social Cognition Test (ESCoT).","authors":"R Asaad Baksh, Sarah E MacPherson, Bonnie Auyeung, Suvankar Pal, Sharon Abrahams","doi":"10.1037/neu0000929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/neu0000929","url":null,"abstract":"People with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) or dementia often exhibit a decline in their social abilities, but few tests of social cognition exist that are suitable for clinical use. Moreover, the relationship between changes in behavior and impairments in social cognition is poorly understood. We examined the utility of the Edinburgh Social Cognition Test (ESCoT) in people with aMCI/dementia and explored associations between social cognition performance and behavior changes.","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138688532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supplemental Material for Capturing Learning Curves With the Multiday Boston Remote Assessment of Neurocognitive Health (BRANCH): Feasibility, Reliability, and Validity","authors":"","doi":"10.1037/neu0000933.supp","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/neu0000933.supp","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":"41 8","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136283432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supplemental Material for Identifying and Distinguishing Cognitive Profiles Among Virally Suppressed People With HIV","authors":"","doi":"10.1037/neu0000935.supp","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/neu0000935.supp","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":"14 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136282695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supplemental Material for Increased Intraindividual Variability in Reaction Time Performance Is Associated With Emerging Cognitive Decline in Cognitively Unimpaired Adults","authors":"","doi":"10.1037/neu0000928.supp","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/neu0000928.supp","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":"9 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136282718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}