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Disparate trajectories of cognitive aging among American Indian and Alaskan Native people with and without HIV. 感染和未感染艾滋病毒的美国印第安人和阿拉斯加原住民认知老化的不同轨迹。
IF 2.6 3区 心理学
Neuropsychology Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-18 DOI: 10.1037/neu0000950
Micah J Savin, Desiree Byrd, Lucette Cysique, Sean Rourke, Steven P Verney, Kylie Radford, Tedd Judd, Maral Aghvinian, Cara Crook, Denise Oleas, Alex Slaughter, Richard Armenta, Donald Franklin, Thomas Marcotte, Heining Cham, Monica Rivera Mindt
{"title":"Disparate trajectories of cognitive aging among American Indian and Alaskan Native people with and without HIV.","authors":"Micah J Savin, Desiree Byrd, Lucette Cysique, Sean Rourke, Steven P Verney, Kylie Radford, Tedd Judd, Maral Aghvinian, Cara Crook, Denise Oleas, Alex Slaughter, Richard Armenta, Donald Franklin, Thomas Marcotte, Heining Cham, Monica Rivera Mindt","doi":"10.1037/neu0000950","DOIUrl":"10.1037/neu0000950","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study describes trajectories of cognitive aging among American Indian/Alaskan Native (AI/AN) adults with and without HIV and the role of immunosenescence longitudinally.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We characterized trajectories of cognitive aging in a sample of 333 AI/AN and 309 non-Hispanic White (NHW) adults who were followed longitudinally for up to 20 years by the HIV Neurobehavioral Research Program (HNRP) across six U.S. research sites. We used growth curve modeling with autoregressive Lag-1 structures and heterogeneous residual variances to assess the role of ethnoracial identity and HIV grouping upon decline in trajectories of cognitive aging.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>HIV- AI/AN adults demonstrated earlier and steeper decline in normative trajectories of cognitive aging on tasks of processing speed, timed tasks of attention/working memory, executive function, and psychomotor speed in comparison to HIV- NHW adults. Accentuated trajectories of cognitive aging were evident in both HIV+ and HIV+ immunosuppressed groups in comparison to HIV- peers and were primarily driven by the role of immunosenescence.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>AI/AN disparities in trajectories of cognitive aging are evident and are likely explained by the interplay of biopsychosociocultural factors, including immunosenescence. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"540-556"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11479638/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141634087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Psychometric properties of two instruments assessing catastrophizing and fear-avoidance behavior in mild traumatic brain injury. 两种评估轻度脑外伤患者灾难化和恐惧逃避行为的工具的心理计量特性。
IF 2.4 3区 心理学
Neuropsychology Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-23 DOI: 10.1037/neu0000954
Skye King, Sven Z Stapert, Melloney L M Wijenberg, Ieke Winkens, Jeanine A Verbunt, Marleen M Rijkeboer, Joukje van der Naalt, Caroline M van Heugten
{"title":"Psychometric properties of two instruments assessing catastrophizing and fear-avoidance behavior in mild traumatic brain injury.","authors":"Skye King, Sven Z Stapert, Melloney L M Wijenberg, Ieke Winkens, Jeanine A Verbunt, Marleen M Rijkeboer, Joukje van der Naalt, Caroline M van Heugten","doi":"10.1037/neu0000954","DOIUrl":"10.1037/neu0000954","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Psychometrically sound measures of catastrophizing about symptoms and fear avoidance behavior are needed to further applications of the fear-avoidance model in mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) for research and clinical purposes. To this end, two questionnaires were adapted (minor), the Postconcussion Symptom Catastrophizing Scale (PCS-CS) and the Fear of Mental Activity Scale (FMA). This study aimed to investigate the factor structure, internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and concurrent and construct validity of two adapted questionnaires in a sample of participants with mTBI compared to participants with orthopedic injury and healthy adults.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>One hundred eighty-five mTBI participants (40% female), 180 participants with orthopedic injury (55% female), and 116 healthy adults (55% female) participated in the study. All participants were assessed at two time points (2 weeks postinjury and 3 months) using self-reported questionnaires. Data were collected using online questionnaires.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Findings indicated a three-factor model (magnification, rumination, helplessness) with a higher order factor (catastrophizing) for the PCS-CS and a two-factor model (activity avoidance and somatic focus) for the FMA. The results showed strong internal consistency, good test-retest reliability, and good concurrent and convergent validity for the PCS-CS and FMA across all samples.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study has shown that the PCS-CS and FMA are psychometrically sound instruments and can be considered for valid and reliable assessment of catastrophizing about postconcussion like symptoms and fear-avoidance beliefs about mental activities. These instruments can be used in research and clinical practice applications of the fear-avoidance model and add to explanations of prolonged recovery after mTBI. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"403-415"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141081952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Memory for emotional information in sporadic and Type 8 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. 散发性和 8 型肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症患者对情感信息的记忆。
IF 2.4 3区 心理学
Neuropsychology Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-23 DOI: 10.1037/neu0000957
Natália Araújo Sundfeld da Gama, Grace Ane Morgana Cavalcanti Queiroz, Cássia de Alcântara, Marcelo Maroco Cruzeiro, Mariana Asmar Alencar, Caroline Martins de Araújo, Gabriel Ferreira Dias Gomide, Leonardo Cruz de Souza, Antônio Jaeger
{"title":"Memory for emotional information in sporadic and Type 8 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.","authors":"Natália Araújo Sundfeld da Gama, Grace Ane Morgana Cavalcanti Queiroz, Cássia de Alcântara, Marcelo Maroco Cruzeiro, Mariana Asmar Alencar, Caroline Martins de Araújo, Gabriel Ferreira Dias Gomide, Leonardo Cruz de Souza, Antônio Jaeger","doi":"10.1037/neu0000957","DOIUrl":"10.1037/neu0000957","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is often shown to cause episodic memory deficits. Here, we investigated whether such memory deficits are differentially expressed according to the emotional valence of stimuli and whether they are similarly reproduced in both individuals with sporadic ALS (sALS) and familial Type 8 ALS (ALS8).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Twenty individuals with sALS, 18 individuals with ALS8, and 19 healthy controls were recruited for the study. After a neuropsychological and psychopathological assessment, all participants responded to a recognition memory test wherein images varying in terms of valence were initially shown. After a short interval, the images were shown again intermixed with new images, and the participants' task was to indicate whether each image was \"old\" or \"new\" and to estimate the confidence in their responses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both the sALS and the ALS8 groups showed significantly lower recognition of positive relative to negative valence images (<i>d</i> = 0.92 and <i>d</i> = 0.74, respectively), an effect that was completely absent for healthy controls (<i>d</i> = 0.17). These effects were qualified by a significant interaction involving the factors of valence and group (η<i><sub>p</sub></i>² = 0.12).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The current findings demonstrate that sALS and ALS8 are associated with decreased recognition of emotional information, an effect that is nonetheless restricted to positive valence stimuli. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"465-474"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141081948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Antecedents of mind wandering states in healthy aging and mild cognitive impairment. 健康老龄化和轻度认知障碍患者思维游离状态的前因。
IF 2.4 3区 心理学
Neuropsychology Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-08 DOI: 10.1037/neu0000941
Andrew J Aschenbrenner, Matthew S Welhaf, Jason J Hassenstab, Joshua J Jackson
{"title":"Antecedents of mind wandering states in healthy aging and mild cognitive impairment.","authors":"Andrew J Aschenbrenner, Matthew S Welhaf, Jason J Hassenstab, Joshua J Jackson","doi":"10.1037/neu0000941","DOIUrl":"10.1037/neu0000941","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Mind wandering refers to periods of internally directed attention and comprises up to 30% or more of our waking thoughts. Frequent mind wandering can be detrimental to ongoing task performance. We aim to determine whether rates of mind wandering change in healthy aging and mild cognitive impairment and how differences in mind wandering contribute to differences in attention and working memory.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We administered a standard behavioral task, the Sustained Attention to Response Test, to measure mind wandering in healthy younger adults (<i>N</i> = 66), healthy older adults (<i>N</i> = 51), and adults with cognitive impairment (<i>N</i> = 38), that was completed daily for 3 weeks. The <i>N</i>-back test was also administered at a reduced frequency as a measure of working memory performance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Generally speaking, averaged across 3 weeks of testing, relative to healthy older adults, mind wandering was higher in younger adults and in cognitive impairment, although the specific patterns varied across mind wandering states. Multiple states of mind wandering also predicted working memory performance; however, reaction time variability tended to be the best predictor based on model comparisons. Each state was also modestly associated with different dispositional factors including mood and Agreeableness.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Patterns of mind wandering change across healthy aging and cognitive impairment and are related to individual differences in multiple dispositional factors and also working memory performance. These results suggest that different states of mind wandering should be measured and accounted for when modeling cognitive change in healthy and pathological aging. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"430-442"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11176040/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139707393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Do we all do the same things? Applicability of daily activities at the intersection of demographics. 我们都做同样的事情吗?人口统计学交叉学科中日常活动的适用性。
IF 2.6 3区 心理学
Neuropsychology Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-16 DOI: 10.1037/neu0000956
David Andrés González, Jared F Benge
{"title":"Do we all do the same things? Applicability of daily activities at the intersection of demographics.","authors":"David Andrés González, Jared F Benge","doi":"10.1037/neu0000956","DOIUrl":"10.1037/neu0000956","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the extent to which demographic factors-and their intersections-influence the applicability of items assessing activities of daily living (ADLs) in a sample of older adults.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Participants' (<i>n</i> = 44,713) Functional Activities Questionnaire (FAQ) scores from a multicenter database were evaluated to see how participant and collateral demographics, contextual, and clinical characteristics impacted ADL nonapplicability (NA). Collateral, contextual, and clinical characteristics were matched in those with and without NA. The effect of participant demographics and their interactions on NA responses were modeled with logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At least one FAQ item (most commonly bill payment, taxes, playing games, and meal preparation) was rated as NA in up to one third of participants across ethnoracial groups. Dementia staging had the largest impact on NA, followed by participant demographics. In a matched sample, logistic models revealed that participant demographics, in particular sex, best predicted NA. However, meaningful interactions with ethnoracial group were noted for bill payment, taxes, meal preparation, and game engagement, suggesting that demographic intersections (e.g., younger vs. older Latinxs) meaningfully predict whether a given ADL was applicable to an individual participant.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Neuropsychology is predicated on accurate assessments of both cognition and daily functioning and, in an increasingly diverse aging population, there should be careful consideration of demographic factors, their interactions, and historical contexts that drive day-to-day demands. This study establishes limitations of existing measures and paths forward for creating fair measures of functioning in older adults. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"379-391"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11443853/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140945392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Vulnerability to semantic and phonological interference in normal aging and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). 正常衰老和失忆性轻度认知障碍(aMCI)易受语义和语音干扰的影响。
IF 2.4 3区 心理学
Neuropsychology Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1037/neu0000945
Marie-Joëlle Chasles, Sven Joubert, Jessica Cole, Émilie Delage, Isabelle Rouleau
{"title":"Vulnerability to semantic and phonological interference in normal aging and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI).","authors":"Marie-Joëlle Chasles, Sven Joubert, Jessica Cole, Émilie Delage, Isabelle Rouleau","doi":"10.1037/neu0000945","DOIUrl":"10.1037/neu0000945","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine whether the increased vulnerability to semantic interference previously observed in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) is specifically associated with semantic material or if it also affects other types of material, suggesting generalized executive and inhibitory impairment.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Seventy-two participants divided into two groups (33 aMCI, 39 normal control [NC]) matched for age and education were included. They completed a comprehensive neuropsychological examination, the French version of the Loewenstein Acevedo Scale for Semantic Interference and Learning (LASSI-L; semantic interference test), and a homologous experimental phonological test, the phonological interference and learning test. Independent sample t tests, mixed analysis of variance (ANOVA), and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) on memory and interference scores were conducted to compare memory and interference in both conditions for both groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For memory scores, results revealed significant main effects of group (NC > aMCI) and condition (semantic > phonological) and significant interactions (poorer performance in the semantic condition for aMCI). aMCI committed more phonological false recognition errors, were disproportionately more vulnerable to retroactive semantic interference, and showed a higher percentage of intrusion errors associated with proactive semantic interference than NC.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>To our knowledge, this is the first study to compare vulnerability to interference in aMCI and normal aging with two similarly designed semantic and phonological word list learning tasks. Taken together, our results suggest that aMCI present with broad difficulties in source memory and inhibition, but that impaired deep semantic processing results in additional semantic intrusion errors during proactive interference and impacts their ability to show good recall after an interference list (greater semantic retroactive interference). Results are discussed according to the level-of-processing and activation/monitoring theories. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"416-429"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139651293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effect of multiple sclerosis and aging on prospective memory using the ecological test of prospective memory. 多发性硬化症和衰老对前瞻性记忆的影响(使用前瞻性记忆生态测试)。
IF 2.4 3区 心理学
Neuropsychology Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1037/neu0000946
Kim Charest, Marie-Julie Potvin, Estefania Brando, Alexandra Tremblay, Élaine Roger, Pierre Duquette, Isabelle Rouleau
{"title":"Effect of multiple sclerosis and aging on prospective memory using the ecological test of prospective memory.","authors":"Kim Charest, Marie-Julie Potvin, Estefania Brando, Alexandra Tremblay, Élaine Roger, Pierre Duquette, Isabelle Rouleau","doi":"10.1037/neu0000946","DOIUrl":"10.1037/neu0000946","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Prospective memory (PM) is the ability to remember to produce an action at a specific moment in the future signaled by the occurrence of a specific event (event-based [EB] condition), a time or a time interval (time-based [TB] condition). Detection of the appropriate moment corresponds to the prospective component, while production of the appropriate action corresponds to the retrospective component. Although PM difficulties have been reported in healthy aging and in association with multiple sclerosis (MS), PM has not been examined in older persons with MS (PwMS). The main objective of this study was to investigate whether the decline in PM performance with advancing age is influenced by the presence of MS. This study also aimed to clarify the type of PM impairment (prospective vs. retrospective component in TB and EB conditions) in MS as a function of age.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A total of 80 participants were recruited and separated into four groups: older PwMS (<i>n</i> = 20), younger PwMS (<i>n</i> = 20), older controls (<i>n</i> = 20), and younger controls (<i>n</i> = 20). PM and its components were measured using the <i>Test Ecologique de Mémoire Prospective</i> (TEMP), an experimental ecological tool using naturalistic stimuli developed by our laboratory that has been validated in previous studies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>On the TEMP total score, a two-way analysis of covariance showed a main effect of age, a main effect of the presence of MS, as well as a significant Age × Disease interaction. Direct comparison between EB and TB conditions revealed that for the prospective component, only older PwMS had more difficulty in the TB than in the EB condition, whereas the retrospective component score was significantly lower in the TB than in the EB condition in all groups except in younger controls.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The TEMP revealed a marked impairment in PM in older PwMS compared to older controls and young PwMS. This impairment was particularly evident on the prospective component in the TB condition. Retrospective difficulties noted in the TB condition in all, but younger controls reflect the arbitrary nature of the cue-action link that is particularly sensitive to episodic memory difficulties often observed in aging and MS. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"347-356"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139651290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Association between neuropsychological assessment and amyloid status in a clinical setting. 临床环境中神经心理评估与淀粉样蛋白状态之间的关联。
IF 2.4 3区 心理学
Neuropsychology Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-08 DOI: 10.1037/neu0000938
Laura E Korthauer, Zachary T Gemelli, Deirdre O'Shea, Brian R Ott, Jennifer D Davis
{"title":"Association between neuropsychological assessment and amyloid status in a clinical setting.","authors":"Laura E Korthauer, Zachary T Gemelli, Deirdre O'Shea, Brian R Ott, Jennifer D Davis","doi":"10.1037/neu0000938","DOIUrl":"10.1037/neu0000938","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Large research cohorts show robust associations between neuropsychological tests and Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers, but studies in clinical settings are limited. The increasing availability of AD biomarkers to the practicing clinician makes it important to understand the relationship between comprehensive clinical neuropsychological assessment and biomarker status. This study examined concordance between practicing clinical neuropsychologists' diagnostic impressions and AD biomarker status in patients seen at an outpatient medical center, with a secondary aim of defining the characteristics of discordant cases.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Participants (<i>N</i> = 79) seen for clinical neuropsychological assessment who subsequently underwent lumbar puncture or amyloid positron emission tomography imaging were identified via retrospective chart review. Concordance between clinical neuropsychological diagnosis (non-AD, indeterminate, possible/probable AD) and AD biomarker status (negative, indeterminate, positive) was determined. Individual test score data were used to examine between-group differences based on amyloid status.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>AD biomarker positive and negative patients did not differ on individual neuropsychological tests after correcting for multiple comparisons, though the small number of AD biomarker indeterminate individuals performed better than biomarker positive patients. However, there was 76.7% concordance between neuropsychologists' diagnostic impressions and AD biomarker status (88% sensitivity and 55% specificity of neuropsychological assessment in detecting AD biomarker status). AD biomarker negative patients diagnosed as possible/probable AD (discordant) versus non-AD (concordant) had significantly lower Neuropsychological Assessment Battery Story Delayed Recall, higher Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Fourth Edition Coding, and higher Trail-Making A (i.e., an amnestic memory profile).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Comprehensive neuropsychological assessment showed modest concordance with AD biomarker status in patients seen in an outpatient medical center for routine clinical care. Low specificity for the clinical diagnosis of AD could be explained by the multiplicity of etiologies that cause memory impairment (i.e., TAR DNA-binding protein 43, suspected non-AD pathology). (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"337-346"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139707394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Language switching and speaking a nondominant language challenge executive control: Preliminary data for novel behavioral markers of Alzheimer's risk in Spanish-English bilinguals. 语言转换和说非优势语言对执行控制能力构成挑战:西班牙语-英语双语者阿尔茨海默氏症风险新行为标记的初步数据。
IF 2.4 3区 心理学
Neuropsychology Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-08 DOI: 10.1037/neu0000943
Dalia L Garcia, Tamar H Gollan
{"title":"Language switching and speaking a nondominant language challenge executive control: Preliminary data for novel behavioral markers of Alzheimer's risk in Spanish-English bilinguals.","authors":"Dalia L Garcia, Tamar H Gollan","doi":"10.1037/neu0000943","DOIUrl":"10.1037/neu0000943","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The present study explored psycholinguistic analysis of spoken responses produced in a structured interview and cued linguistic and nonlinguistic task switching as possible novel markers of Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk in Spanish-English bilinguals.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Nineteen Spanish-English bilinguals completed an Oral Proficiency Interview (OPI) in both languages, cued-switching tasks, and a battery of traditional neuropsychological tests (in a separate testing session). All were cognitively healthy at the time of testing, but eight <i>decliners</i> were later diagnosed with AD (on average 4.5 years after testing; <i>SD</i> = 2.3), while 11 controls remained cognitively healthy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Past studies showed picture naming was more sensitive to AD in the dominant than in the nondominant language, but we found the opposite for a composite measure of spoken utterances produced in the OPI that included revisions, repetitions, and filled pauses (RRFPs), which were especially sensitive to AD risk in the nondominant language. Errors produced on language switch trials best discriminated decliners from controls (in receiver operating characteristic curves), and though the nonlinguistic switching task was also sensitive to AD risk, it elicited more errors overall and was also negatively affected by increased age and low education level.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Speaking a nondominant language and errors in cued language switching provided sensitive and specific markers of pending cognitive decline and AD risk in bilinguals. These measures may reflect early decline in executive control abilities that are needed to plan and monitor the production of connected speech and to manage competition for selection between languages. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"322-336"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11035100/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139707396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Potential cognitive risks of generative transformer-based AI chatbots on higher order executive functions. 基于生成变换器的人工智能聊天机器人对高阶执行功能的潜在认知风险。
IF 2.4 3区 心理学
Neuropsychology Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1037/neu0000948
Umberto León-Domínguez
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