Neuropsychology最新文献

{"title":"Neuropsychological assessment in low-resource versus high-resource contexts: A reply to comments on Stiers (2026).","authors":"William Stiers","doi":"10.1037/neu0001091","DOIUrl":"10.1037/neu0001091","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Stiers (2026) presented a case example of differential diagnosis in clinical neuropsychology wherein standardized testing was not possible, and discussed a structure and process for using history, behavioral observations, and disease base rates to develop a preliminary diagnosis. In response, Basso et al. (2026) state that these alone are not sufficient, and they emphasize the importance of standardized testing.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This article describes a clinical encounter where standardized norm-referenced testing was not possible because appropriate standardized tests or norms did not exist, as can occur with, for example, a patient from a rural country who speaks a local dialect and has not had any formal education, a patient with locked-in syndrome, a patient with receptive and expressive aphasia, or a patient who is poorly cooperative.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>When standardized testing is not possible because of the lack of appropriate tests and norms, what is a neuropsychologist to do? Is it best to say that we can offer no opinion as to the condition of the patient, or is it best to say that we can offer limited opinions pending further data?</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>My contention is that when testing data are not available, a competent neuropsychologist can still conduct a partial, not full, assessment of brain-behavior relationships and make contributions to patient care based on history, behavioral observations, and disease base rates. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":"40 5","pages":"463-464"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148302090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurocognitive and behavioral predictors of the simple view of reading in clinically evaluated children with and without ADHD.","authors":"Alissa M Cole-Olsen, Fatou Gaye, Julia O Obi, Christian J Padron, Michael J Kofler","doi":"10.1037/neu0001078","DOIUrl":"10.1037/neu0001078","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often exhibit difficulties across multiple reading domains. The \"simple view of reading\" model posits that reading comprehension skills-both for children with and without ADHD-can be understood by skills in two components: decoding and language comprehension. At the same time, research suggests that weaknesses in neurocognitive abilities, along with behavioral symptoms of ADHD, are closely linked to reading difficulties in this population. However, the most parsimonious set of neurocognitive and behavioral predictors of reading comprehension, and the pathways through which associations are conveyed, remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The present study employed structural equation modeling to comprehensively examine neurocognitive and behavioral predictors of reading skills in a clinically evaluated sample of 396 children with and without ADHD (<i>M</i>_age = 10.26, <i>SD</i> = 1.39; 172 girls; 68.9% White not Hispanic or Latino).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results revealed that working memory and fluid intelligence were the strongest neurocognitive predictors of reading skills and inattention and hyperactive/impulsive symptoms each predicted reading in the behavioral model. Consistent with the simple view of reading, associations between neurocognitive or behavioral predictors and reading comprehension were conveyed via decoding and language comprehension. When examining neurocognitive and behavioral predictors together, working memory and fluid intelligence predicted ADHD symptoms and reading skills, whereas ADHD symptoms no longer predicted reading skills, suggesting that neurocognitive weaknesses may help explain the link between inattention and reading.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings highlight the role of neurocognitive weaknesses for comprehensively understanding reading difficulties in clinically evaluated children with and without ADHD. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"501-518"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13023043/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147513489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Of dogs and diagnoses: Does clinical reasoning still matter in an age of biomarkers, functional imaging, and artificial intelligence?","authors":"Jared F Benge","doi":"10.1037/neu0001084","DOIUrl":"10.1037/neu0001084","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This commentary on Steir's 2026 article asks the question: What is the role of clinical reasoning in an age of advanced diagnostic tools and technological advances? We use the case study presented as a starting point to explore what clinical reasoning might look like in the future and how the skills highlighted in this case may be applicable for future generations of neuropsychologists. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":"40 5","pages":"458-459"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148302065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of everyday executive functioning in children and adolescents treated for childhood noncentral nervous system solid tumor.","authors":"Zoé Barrault, Arnaud Roy, Hugo Câmara-Costa, Audrey Longaud, Virginie Kieffer, Jacques Grill, Nathalie Gaspar, Véronique Minard-Collin, Brice Fresneau, Charlotte Rigaud, Léa Guerrini-Rousseau, Samuel Abbou, Pablo Berlanga, Claudia Pasqualini, Stephanie Bolle, Christelle Dufour, Mathilde Chevignard","doi":"10.1037/neu0001060","DOIUrl":"10.1037/neu0001060","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Few studies have documented executive functions (EFs) following treatment of childhood noncentral nervous systems (non-CNS) solid tumor although treatments administered for several months or even a year during active brain development could affect EF development. The aims of this study were to explore everyday life executive complaints and associated factors.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>EFs were assessed using parent form of the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function in a large sample of participants diagnosed with a non-CNS solid tumor (<i>n</i> = 253).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study sample comprised 253 patients (139 boys [55%]; mean age at diagnosis 6.12 years [<i>SD</i> = 4.18] years, mean age at assessment 11.65 years [<i>SD</i> = 3.21], 17 [7%] with a history of developmental delay or learning disability before cancer). Parental education level was medium-low (i.e., <12 years of formal education) in 94 families (37%). Mean Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function <i>T</i>-scores were in the normative range, but significantly elevated compared to norms across all three composite indices and most clinical scales (all <i>p</i> < .001), with small effect sizes (Cohen's 0.20 < <i>d</i> ≤ 0.30). Thirty-eight (15%) participants evidenced global executive composite scores in the clinical range (<i>T</i> ≥ 65). Executive complaints were significantly more frequent in boys, in older participants at assessment, in those with longer time since diagnosis, and in those with a history of developmental delay/learning disabilities. Clinically significant global executive composite scores were also associated with greater need for school support and ongoing rehabilitation at the time of assessment.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results suggest significant, albeit mild parent-reported EF impairments following treatment of childhood non-CNS tumor. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"519-532"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147623532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Locus of control moderates the effects of residential segregation on everyday functioning in Black older adults from the Advanced Cognitive Training for Independent and Vital Elderly study.","authors":"Abbey M Hamlin, Alexandra J Weigand, Michael Marsiske, Shannon Sisco, Wassim Tarraf, Kelsey R Thomas, Alexandra L Clark","doi":"10.1037/neu0001064","DOIUrl":"10.1037/neu0001064","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Residential segregation has been linked to better everyday functioning levels, but faster rates of decline. There is a need to understand whether individual psychosocial factors may explain these mixed effects. Locus of control (LOC) is a psychosocial factor reflecting perceptions of control over life's outcomes that has been linked to health outcomes and may shape how individuals respond to their environments. Therefore, we examined whether LOC moderated the effects of segregation on everyday functioning.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Participants were 672 Black older adults from the Advanced Cognitive Training for Independent and Vital Elderly study. Baseline addresses characterized tract segregation with dissimilarity and interaction indices. Baseline levels of internal and external LOC were measured with the Personality in Intellectual Aging Contexts Inventory. Everyday functioning was assessed with the Observed Tasks of Daily Living at baseline and across a 10-year follow period.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Latent growth curve models revealed that internal (<i>B</i> = .607, <i>p</i> = .033) and external LOC (<i>B</i> = -.448, <i>p</i> = .002) significantly moderated segregation effects. Higher internal LOC strengthened the positive association between segregation and average everyday functioning levels while there were no significant effects among those with lower internal LOC. Higher external LOC nullified segregation effects, but those with lower external LOC exhibited a positive association between segregation and everyday functioning levels. LOC did not moderate segregation effects on linear or quadratic declines in everyday functioning.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Psychosocial factors influence the effects of residential segregation on everyday functioning and may be an important point of intervention as we continue to address inequitable environmental conditions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"552-562"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13537706/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146142179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Testing is important: A truism worth remembering.","authors":"Michael R Basso, Douglas M Whiteside, Matthew R Powell, Dennis R Combs","doi":"10.1037/neu0001092","DOIUrl":"10.1037/neu0001092","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Stiers (2026) asserts that knowledge of brain-behavior relationships is keenly important for clinical neuropsychologists to possess. We agree wholeheartedly with this emphasis. However, Stiers seems to diminish the importance of norm-referenced testing compared to well-informed clinical observation. We refute this assertion, and we offer examples in which the reliability and validity of expert opinion based upon direct observation are surpassed by norm-referenced testing. We argue that norm-referenced testing is the hallmark virtue of clinical neuropsychologists, and such testing offers the most reliable and valid data in a clinical assessment. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":"40 5","pages":"460-462"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148302070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digital maze test reveals cognitive performance patterns associated with amyloid-β and tau.","authors":"Talia L Robinson, Grace Del Carmen Montenegro, Jessie Fanglu Fu, Eva N Pintucci, Michael J Properzi, Dana L Penney, Randall Davis, Reisa A Sperling, Keith A Johnson, Rebecca E Amariglio, Dorene M Rentz","doi":"10.1037/neu0001057","DOIUrl":"10.1037/neu0001057","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Digital cognitive tools provide novel ways to examine subtle cognitive processes not captured with traditional measures. This is particularly useful in examining subtle cognitive changes in early Alzheimer's disease (AD) stages. Here, we evaluate a digital maze test and its association to AD biomarkers in a largely cognitively unimpaired sample.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A total of 221 participants in the Harvard Aging Brain Study and affiliated studies completed a digital maze test, and neuropsychological battery including the trail making test. Cortical Amyloid-β and tau burden were visualized with C¹¹Pittsburgh compound B (PiB), and [¹⁸ F]Flortaucipir. Latent patterns among maze features were explored with principal component analysis and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression was applied to evaluate their associations with PiB and [¹⁸ F]Flortaucipir. Multiple regression models explored both maze features and trail making test variables in models predicting AD biomarkers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Principal component analysis results revealed maze performance is characterized by separate speed, path following, and impulsivity/planning components. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression models revealed longer time duration (95% CI [5.31, 25.31]), greater pen-off-page time (CI [5.42, 16.81]), and pen stroke count (CI [.004, 0.021]) were associated with higher PiB. Higher pen stroke count (CI [0.003, 0.010]), and time deviating from the correct path (CI [0.0003, 0.002]) were associated with [¹⁸ F]Flortaucipir. In multiple regression models, specific maze features remained significant predictors of PiB beyond trail making test performance.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Unique, digitally captured maze features are associated with AD pathology beyond what is seen by a traditional executive measure. This easy to administer, time-efficient digital tool provides unique information about amyloid and tau-related cognitive change. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"465-475"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13089301/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147699249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eye-gaze strategies reveal cognitive variability in a real-world executive function task.","authors":"Matheus de Melo Rodrigues, Timothy Hodgson, Paulo Guirro Laurence, Elizeu Coutinho Macedo","doi":"10.1037/neu0001081","DOIUrl":"10.1037/neu0001081","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study investigates individual differences in executive functioning during a real-world multitasking test, the hotel task, using eye-tracking data to identify distinct attentional strategies.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Sixty-four young adults (<i>M</i>_age = 22.1, <i>SD</i> = 2.38) completed the hotel task while eye movements were recorded. Participants also completed the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adult Version, an antisaccade task, and the Wiener Matrizen-Test 2. Eye-tracking data were analyzed using k-means clustering to identify strategic profiles, which were compared via the Kruskal-Wallis test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Self-reported working memory deficits correlated with poorer planning (ρ = -.31, <i>p</i> = .035). Clustering revealed three distinct gaze-based profiles. A less time-monitoring group performed worse than two more vigilant groups, attempting fewer tasks, <i>F</i>(2, 61) = 6.13, <i>p</i> = .004, and achieving lower planning scores, <i>F</i>(2, 61) = 5.93, <i>p</i> = .004.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Eye-tracking identifies distinct strategic approaches to real-world multitasking that relate to performance but are not captured by traditional executive function tasks. Multitasking effectiveness appears supported by diverse strategies better characterized through integrated self-report, behavioral, and process-level data, offering a more nuanced understanding of executive function in ecologically valid settings. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":"476-488"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147513486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A bibliometric analysis of Neuropsychology's published corpus (1987-2024): How has the science evolved, and does study content impact citation rates?","authors":"Steven Paul Woods, Ryan Van Patten, Zachary J Kunicki, Cady Block, Emily M Briceño, Matthew Calamia, Alexandra L Clark, John-Christopher A Finley, Jacob D Jones, Luciana Mascarenhas Fonseca, Sarah Prieto, Sarah Tomaszewski Farias","doi":"10.1037/neu0001095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/neu0001095","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of the study was to provide an in-depth bibliographic analysis of <i>Neuropsychology'</i>s published corpus as a window into the scientific interests, approaches, and priorities of the field of neuropsychology. The primary aims were to examine the ways in which Neuropsychology's published content (a) has changed over time and (b) influences citation rates.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A total of 2,403 abstracts published in <i>Neuropsychology</i> from 1987 to 2024 were coded according to article type, study population, design elements, methodology, ability domains, and miscellaneous topics (e.g., digital technology, everyday functioning). A university librarian provided 2024 citation data from Scopus for the 2,209 articles published during the years 1987 to 2021.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Over the past 37 years, <i>Neuropsychology</i> has experienced a moderate increase in studies that are empirical/data-driven, employ longitudinal designs, integrate biological markers and survey/questionnaire methods, and examine executive functions, culture/social determinants of health, and everyday functioning. Studies that use true experimental designs and focus on lower order domains (e.g., sensory/perceptual), visuospatial function, and memory peaked in the mid-1990s and are associated with lower citation rates in the modern era. On the other hand, review articles, studies with longitudinal designs, and articles that examined culture/social determinants of health and everyday functioning had higher citation rates.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings suggest a temporal shift in the field's published content toward more empirically driven, functionally relevant, and contextually informed research. Future bibliographic work is needed to understand how these historical publishing trends align with related disciplines (e.g., behavioral neurology) and to identify the core drivers of citation patterns in neuropsychology. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148164111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subjective and objective cognition in early-stage, treatment-naïve Parkinson's disease: Relationships with mood.","authors":"Jacob L Varela, Seth A Margolis, Umer Akbar, Sarah Prieto, Lauren E Kenney, Lori A Daiello, Jennifer D Davis","doi":"10.1037/neu0001097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/neu0001097","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Subjective cognitive complaints (SCCs) are common in Parkinson's disease (PD), yet the relationship among nonmotor symptoms remains understudied in early-stage, treatment-naïve populations. We examined interrelationships among SCCs, mood symptoms, and cognition in early-stage, treatment-naïve PD. We hypothesized that SCCs would relate to executive functioning and processing speed, and these relationships would be moderated by mood.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Cross-sectional baseline data analyzed 250 individuals (169 men, 81 women; aged 50-84 years) in the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative. Moreover, <i>t</i> tests and Pearson correlations assessed associations among SCC group status, mood symptoms, and cognition. Ordinary least squares regression evaluated whether mood moderated the relationship between SCC group status and cognition.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants in the higher SCC group were more likely to demonstrate processing speed impairment (14% vs. 5.3%, <i>p</i> = .02). Those in the higher SCC group exhibited poorer memory (<i>p</i> = .035, <i>d</i> = .41) and processing speed (<i>p</i> = .001, <i>d</i> = .21) and reported more depression symptoms (<i>d</i> = .84) and state (<i>d</i> = .72) and trait anxiety (<i>p</i>s < .001, <i>d</i> = .85). A significant interaction revealed that individuals in the higher SCC group with elevated state anxiety demonstrated worse memory (<i>p</i>s < .05). No other mood moderation effects were found.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In early-stage, treatment-naïve PD, more SCCs corresponded with worse mood symptoms and worse processing speed and memory. Memory performance was worse when both higher SCCs and elevated state anxiety are present, but mood did not moderate higher SCCs' relationship with other domains. SCCs may be early indication of neurocognitive vulnerability. Longitudinal research is warranted to determine how mood symptoms impact SCCs' utility for predicting cognitive decline. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":19205,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147869055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}