Journal of Youth and Adolescence最新文献

Effects of a Whole-School Prevention Program Targeting Mental Health and Nonsuicidal Self-Injury in Swedish Adolescents: A Cluster-Randomized Experimental Study with Longitudinal Follow-Up. 针对瑞典青少年心理健康和非自杀性自伤的全校预防项目的效果：纵向随访的集群随机实验研究

IF 4.9 1区心理学

Journal of Youth and Adolescence Pub Date : 2025-09-11 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-025-02251-3

Erik Aspeqvist,Laura Korhonen,Örjan Dahlström,Hedvig Andersson,Imke Baetens,Paul Plener,Maria Zetterqvist

{"title":"Effects of a Whole-School Prevention Program Targeting Mental Health and Nonsuicidal Self-Injury in Swedish Adolescents: A Cluster-Randomized Experimental Study with Longitudinal Follow-Up.","authors":"Erik Aspeqvist,Laura Korhonen,Örjan Dahlström,Hedvig Andersson,Imke Baetens,Paul Plener,Maria Zetterqvist","doi":"10.1007/s10964-025-02251-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-025-02251-3","url":null,"abstract":"Rising rates of mental health problems and nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) among adolescents highlight the need for preventive interventions and the lack of evidence regarding such measures. To date, few studies have investigated school-based prevention programs targeting NSSI. In this study, a whole-school preventive intervention was carried out at Swedish lower secondary schools and evaluated in a cluster-randomized controlled trial. The whole-school intervention included classroom-based modules focusing on mental health and NSSI directed at students, psychoeducational webinars on NSSI directed at parents and teachers, and a two-day workshop on NSSI and suicidality for school health staff. Data were collected from students (N = 183, age M = 14.17, SD = 0.55, 58% female) at baseline and three- and six-month post-intervention follow-ups. Analyses revealed a significant decrease in three-month NSSI frequency and a significant difference in mental health-related stigma awareness in the intervention group compared to controls. Regarding other outcomes (NSSI onset, attitudes toward help-seeking, perceived social support, health-related quality of life, emotion regulation and self-criticism), no significant effects were found. Effects moderated by gender and history of NSSI were found, underscoring that the outcomes of universal prevention are not always uniformly distributed. Main conclusions were that whole-school prevention can be effective in reducing NSSI frequency as well as affecting the awareness of mental health-related stigma.","PeriodicalId":17624,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Youth and Adolescence","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145032001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Coping Profiles and Functioning During Emerging Adulthood: A Comparative Person-Centered Longitudinal Approach. 成年初期的应对概况与功能：一项以人为中心的纵向比较研究。

IF 4.9 1区心理学

Journal of Youth and Adolescence Pub Date : 2025-09-09 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-025-02252-2

Virginie Paquette,Adam J Danyluk,William Gilbert,Simon A Houle,Philippe Lavoie,Rayana Eltanoukhi,Alexandre J S Morin

{"title":"Coping Profiles and Functioning During Emerging Adulthood: A Comparative Person-Centered Longitudinal Approach.","authors":"Virginie Paquette,Adam J Danyluk,William Gilbert,Simon A Houle,Philippe Lavoie,Rayana Eltanoukhi,Alexandre J S Morin","doi":"10.1007/s10964-025-02252-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-025-02252-2","url":null,"abstract":"Young adults use a combination of coping strategies to deal with challenges. Yet, limited research has focused on these combinations, as they differ across different profiles of youth and their implications during the major life transitions of emerging adulthood. Addressing this gap, the present longitudinal person-centered study assesses the nature, stability, predictors (stressful life events, sex), and outcomes (affect, attitude toward life, physical symptoms) of coping profiles during this period. Participants were drawn from a nationally representative Swiss sample of emerging adults (n: 1845; 58.53% females; Mage = 19.44; SDage = 0.62), including subsamples of students (n = 873), and workers (n = 972). Six profiles were replicated over time and across subsamples: (1) Emotion and Avoidance (18.3-25.8% of the sample), (2) Emotion-Oriented (8.7-10.4%), (3) Non-Coping (2.5-3.0%), (4) Task and Avoidance (12.7-16.1%), (5) Average (28.1-41.7%), and (6) Task-Oriented (6.8-25.7%). Profile membership was predicted by dispositional (sex) and situational (life events) factors. Task-oriented profiles displayed the most positive outcomes, whereas non-coping and emotion-oriented profiles, the most negative ones. These findings shed light on the nature of generalizable coping profiles displayed by young adults and identify the task-oriented profiles as the most adaptive for managing the major life transitions of emerging adulthood.","PeriodicalId":17624,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Youth and Adolescence","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145018259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Parent-Adolescent Congruence and Incongruence in Parental Involvement and Academic Achievement: The More, the Better? 父母参与与学业成就的亲子一致性与不一致性：越多越好？

IF 4.9 1区心理学

Journal of Youth and Adolescence Pub Date : 2025-09-05 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-025-02245-1

Yan Li,Luyang Guo

{"title":"Parent-Adolescent Congruence and Incongruence in Parental Involvement and Academic Achievement: The More, the Better?","authors":"Yan Li,Luyang Guo","doi":"10.1007/s10964-025-02245-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-025-02245-1","url":null,"abstract":"Parents and adolescents can differ in their perceptions of parental involvement, yet most research relies on a single informant, potentially overlooking important discrepancies. Using data from 89,448 fifteen-year-olds (50.3% female) and their parents (78.2% female) across 13 economies in East Asia, Latin America, and Europe, this study examined how parent-adolescent congruence and incongruence in two forms of parental involvement-academic socialization and general involvement-were associated with adolescents' academic achievement. Multilevel polynomial regression and response surface analyses revealed a significant curvilinear relation, suggesting that adolescents achieved higher scores when both parents and adolescents were congruent at moderate levels of parental involvement. However, this pattern varied by culture and gender, with East Asian girls achieving higher academic performance from congruence at high levels of parental involvement. In contrast, mismatches between parent and adolescent reports on parental involvement were consistently linked to lower academic performance across regions and genders. These findings underscore that both the degree and alignment of parental involvement matter and that cultural and gender contexts shape how parental involvement influences academic success.","PeriodicalId":17624,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Youth and Adolescence","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144995669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Daily Perceptions of Social Status and Aggressive and Prosocial Behaviors on Social Media: The Moderating Role of Narcissism. 社会地位的日常感知与社交媒体上的攻击性和亲社会行为：自恋的调节作用

IF 3.6 1区心理学

Journal of Youth and Adolescence Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-04 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-025-02199-4

Ying Wang, Skyler T Hawk, Natalie Wong

{"title":"Daily Perceptions of Social Status and Aggressive and Prosocial Behaviors on Social Media: The Moderating Role of Narcissism.","authors":"Ying Wang, Skyler T Hawk, Natalie Wong","doi":"10.1007/s10964-025-02199-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10964-025-02199-4","url":null,"abstract":"Resource Control Theory suggests that adolescents strategically deploy aggressive and prosocial behaviors in response to perceived changes in social status. Given the bidirectional nature of interactions between adolescents and their social environment, however, it is also possible that these behaviors might shape their social standing in a reciprocal fashion. These processes were examined in the context of adolescents' aggressive and prosocial social media behavior, as was the potential for youth narcissism to moderate these links. Adolescents (N = 287, Mage = 15.97, 57.1% female) completed a two-week daily diary study. Three pairs of lagged, within-person, bi-directional associations existed, including between perceived status frustration and public aggressive online behaviors, perceived status frustration and private prosocial behaviors, and perceived status satisfaction and private prosocial behaviors. Results support the notion of adaptive and vicious cycles of status attainment. Narcissistic rivalry predicted stronger increases in frustration-related public aggression, while narcissistic admiration predicted stronger increases in satisfaction-related private prosociality. Results highlight the complexity of adolescents' interpersonal dynamics online, from online aggression following perceived status frustrations to prosocial attempts to consolidate or regain status.","PeriodicalId":17624,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Youth and Adolescence","volume":" ","pages":"2354-2372"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144216285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

How Do Adolescents' Perceptions of Parenting and Their Behavior Shape Each Other? The Bidirectional Relationship Between Perceived Parenting Styles, Emotion Regulation, and Prosocial Behavior. 青少年对父母教养的认知和他们的行为是如何相互影响的？感知父母教养方式、情绪调节与亲社会行为的双向关系。

IF 3.6 1区心理学

Journal of Youth and Adolescence Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-06 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-025-02191-y

Kunyan Wang, Yinghang Huang, Ziqing Ye, Xuan Wang, Xiangkui Zhang

{"title":"How Do Adolescents' Perceptions of Parenting and Their Behavior Shape Each Other? The Bidirectional Relationship Between Perceived Parenting Styles, Emotion Regulation, and Prosocial Behavior.","authors":"Kunyan Wang, Yinghang Huang, Ziqing Ye, Xuan Wang, Xiangkui Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s10964-025-02191-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10964-025-02191-y","url":null,"abstract":"Despite research documenting the impact of parenting styles on adolescent development, the bidirectional dynamics between adolescents' perceived parenting styles and their prosocial behavior, particularly when simultaneously considering the role of emotion regulation, remain underexplored. This study used the random intercept cross-lagged panel model (RI-CLPM) to examine bidirectional relationships between adolescent-perceived parenting dimensions (emotional warmth, psychological control, and harsh parenting) and adolescent prosocial behavior, while exploring emotion regulation strategies as mediators. The study utilized a three-wave longitudinal design with 719 middle school students (47.43% female; Mage = 12.11 years, SD = 0.41) from southwestern China, with one-year intervals between assessments. Results showed that at the within-person level, adolescent-perceived parental warmth and adolescent prosocial behavior formed a positive bidirectional relationship mediated by cognitive reappraisal. Parental psychological control predicted decreased prosocial behavior through increased expressive suppression, while harsh parenting reduced prosocial behavior by inhibiting cognitive reappraisal strategies. Multi-group analysis revealed that the indirect pathway from parental psychological control to prosocial behavior through expressive suppression was significantly stronger for female than male adolescents. These findings identify key psychological mechanisms promoting adolescent social adaptation within family systems, highlight emotion regulation's central role in the bidirectional relationships between parenting and adolescent development, and offer important implications for family interventions.","PeriodicalId":17624,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Youth and Adolescence","volume":" ","pages":"2236-2254"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144024576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

We Need a Village: School Connectedness Empowers Students to Move Beyond Bystanding Under an Anti-Bullying Climate. 我们需要一个村庄：在反欺凌的氛围下，学校的联系使学生能够超越袖手旁观。

IF 3.6 1区心理学

Journal of Youth and Adolescence Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-025-02249-x

Anqi Peng, Sabina Low

{"title":"We Need a Village: School Connectedness Empowers Students to Move Beyond Bystanding Under an Anti-Bullying Climate.","authors":"Anqi Peng, Sabina Low","doi":"10.1007/s10964-025-02249-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-025-02249-x","url":null,"abstract":"Bullying is a group phenomenon, and bystanders play an important role in either facilitating or inhibiting bullying. However, knowledge is still lacking regarding factors, especially contextual ones, which contribute to positive bystander behaviors. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the associations between school connectedness and willingness to intervene within the context of anti-bullying climate, using a three-year, four-wave longitudinal design (a half-year interval between Time 1 and Time 2, and one-year intervals between subsequent waves). Data were collected from 4718 adolescents (Mage = 11.22, SD = 0.45 at Time 1; 41% female, 44.6% male; 26.3% Latina/o, 20.6% Black, 19.1% White) across 36 middle schools in the United States. After controlling background variables, intervention effect, and previous victimization, the findings showed that, at the between-person level, both contextual factors (i.e., anti-bullying climate and school connectedness) were positively related to students' willingness to intervene in bullying; in addition, school connectedness was related to willingness to intervene bidirectionally at the within-person level. Gender was not a moderator of reciprocal relations. Overall, this study highlights the role of contextual factors in empowering bystanders and promoting positive bystander behaviors, which provides guidance for bullying prevention and interventions. The whole school needs to work collaboratively in creating and sustaining a safe, caring, and supportive school environment, which may have a great benefit in empowering bystanders to reduce bullying and facilitating positive development in the long term.","PeriodicalId":17624,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Youth and Adolescence","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144958991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Developmental Trajectories of Parental Psychological Control and Supportive Parenting in Chinese Early Adolescents: Relations to Internalizing and Externalizing Problems. 中国早期青少年父母心理控制和支持性养育的发展轨迹：与内化和外化问题的关系。

IF 3.6 1区心理学

Journal of Youth and Adolescence Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-24 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-025-02187-8

Jianhua Zhou, Xueting Zheng, Xue Gong

{"title":"Developmental Trajectories of Parental Psychological Control and Supportive Parenting in Chinese Early Adolescents: Relations to Internalizing and Externalizing Problems.","authors":"Jianhua Zhou, Xueting Zheng, Xue Gong","doi":"10.1007/s10964-025-02187-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10964-025-02187-8","url":null,"abstract":"Previous research suggests that parenting may change with children's age, yet few studies have explored the heterogeneous developmental trajectories of parental psychological control and supportive parenting during early adolescence, and their implications for adolescent adjustment. This study employed a longitudinal accelerated design, with 4731 Chinese students from two cohorts (Grades 4 and 5; 44.9% girls; M = 10.91 years, SD = 0.72) assessed at four time points. Latent class growth modeling identified four trajectories of psychological control (increasing-decreasing, decreasing-increasing, high-stable, and low-stable) and three trajectories of supportive parenting (continually low, continually moderate, and continually high). Significant differences in internalizing and externalizing problems were found across the identified parenting trajectories. These findings underscore the importance of capturing heterogeneity in parenting patterns to better understand their developmental course and implications for adolescent mental health.","PeriodicalId":17624,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Youth and Adolescence","volume":" ","pages":"2222-2235"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144020348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Prospective Within-person Relations among Parental Child-oriented Perfectionism, Child maladaptive Perfectionism, and Child Depressive Symptoms: A Five-wave Study. 父母儿童导向完美主义、儿童适应不良完美主义与儿童抑郁症状的前瞻性人际关系：一项五波研究。

IF 3.6 1区心理学

Journal of Youth and Adolescence Pub Date : 2025-08-25 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-025-02246-0

Mingzhong Wang, Kexin Zhang, Jing Wang

{"title":"Prospective Within-person Relations among Parental Child-oriented Perfectionism, Child maladaptive Perfectionism, and Child Depressive Symptoms: A Five-wave Study.","authors":"Mingzhong Wang, Kexin Zhang, Jing Wang","doi":"10.1007/s10964-025-02246-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-025-02246-0","url":null,"abstract":"While existing research has well documented child perfectionism as a risk factor for depressive symptoms, relatively limited studies have delved into the specific influence of parental child-oriented perfectionism on children's depressive symptoms. This study tracked 2228 Chinese adolescents (baseline Mage = 12.95 ± 0.79 years, 46.3% girls) with five measurements over three years. Using the Random Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Model (RI-CLPM), results indicated that maternal (not paternal) child-oriented perfectionism had bidirectional links with children's maladaptive perfectionism. Children's maladaptive perfectionism and depressive symptoms exhibited stable reciprocal prediction. SES and child sex moderate effects: three-way links were more stable in low SES families; boys showed more stable reciprocal prediction between maladaptive perfectionism and depressive symptoms; maternal child-oriented perfectionism and girls' maladaptive perfectionism exhibited some reciprocal prediction. These findings provide insights into how parental child-oriented perfectionism as well as child maladaptive perfectionism was involved in the development of child depressive symptoms, thus informing strategies to cope with child depressive symptoms.","PeriodicalId":17624,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Youth and Adolescence","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144959067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Does Being Bullied Predict Adolescent Psychological Problems? The Moderating Role of Parental Responses to Adolescents' Negative Emotions. 被欺负预示着青少年的心理问题吗？父母对青少年负性情绪的调节作用。

IF 3.6 1区心理学

Journal of Youth and Adolescence Pub Date : 2025-08-22 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-025-02240-6

Nini Wu, Zirong Li, Tuo Liu, Yansheng Tian, Ruyi Ding

{"title":"Does Being Bullied Predict Adolescent Psychological Problems? The Moderating Role of Parental Responses to Adolescents' Negative Emotions.","authors":"Nini Wu, Zirong Li, Tuo Liu, Yansheng Tian, Ruyi Ding","doi":"10.1007/s10964-025-02240-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-025-02240-6","url":null,"abstract":"Exposure to peer victimization is often predictive of increased psychosocial problems in adolescents, but parenting has been identified as a critical mitigating factor of these negative effects. Among parenting behaviors, emotion socialization plays a vital role in adolescents' emotional and social development. However, its specific role in the context of peer victimization and adolescent adjustment is unclear. To address this, this study examined whether adolescent-perceived parental responses to children's negative emotions moderate the longitudinal predictive effects of bullying victimization on adolescent psychosocial problems over eight months. The study included 1007 Chinese adolescents with a mean age of 14.75 years (SD = 0.60). Female participants accounted for 53.5% of the sample. The results showed that mothers were perceived to engage more often than fathers in supportive responses, emotion minimization, and didactic talk. Being bullied positively predicted adolescents' internalizing problems when they perceived maternal support as excessively high, but it negatively predicted adolescents' externalizing problems when they perceived maternal support as very low. No significant relationship was found between being bullied and adolescents' problems when maternal support was perceived as moderate. These findings suggest that maternal supportive responses to adolescents' negative emotions moderate the association between bullying victimization and adolescent psychosocial problems and should be considered in prevention and intervention efforts.","PeriodicalId":17624,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Youth and Adolescence","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144959027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Different Trajectories, Stable Links: Parental Worry and Child Internalizing Symptoms Over Time. 不同的轨迹，稳定的联系：随着时间的推移，父母的担忧和孩子的内化症状。

IF 4.9 1区心理学

Journal of Youth and Adolescence Pub Date : 2025-08-22 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-025-02237-1

Shannon Taflinger,Marcus Eisentraut

引用次数: 0