Cortex最新文献

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Do total hippocampus and hippocampal subfield volumes relate to navigation ability? A call towards methodological consistency” [Cortex 181 (2024) 233–257]","authors":"Alina S. Tu, Nicholas A. Krohn, Olivia C. Cooper, Vaisakh Puthusseryppady, Caitlin McIntyre, Elizabeth R. Chrastil","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.09.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.09.005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"192 ","pages":"Pages 177-178"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145257504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overnight residues of sensorimotor aftereffects and lack of visuospatial aftereffects following a single prism exposure in healthy subjects.","authors":"Or Mizrahi, Meytal Wilf, Smadar Ovadia-Caro","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.07.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.07.009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Prism adaptation (PA) is a visuomotor adaptation paradigm resulting in transient sensorimotor shifts. Previous work shows PA can cause additional changes in higher-level visuospatial representations in healthy subjects. In patients with neglect symptoms, records of beneficial visuospatial aftereffects of PA form the basis for its usage as a potential rehabilitation strategy. However, results in both patients and healthy subjects are mixed, with recent studies failing to replicate effects of PA on visuospatial representations. Here, we applied a single session of either right or left PA in healthy subjects (N = 85). Sensorimotor, proprioceptive, and visuospatial biases were measured at baseline, immediately after, 30 minutes, and 24 hours after PA. We found that PA has immediate and robust sensorimotor and proprioceptive aftereffects, replicating previous findings. Crucially, we find that despite expected decay, significant residues of sensorimotor aftereffects can last up to 24 h after PA. In contrast, no short or long-term aftereffects were found on visuospatial attention as measured by the grayscale judgment task. This null result was stable when taking the initial bias of attention orientation into account. No relationship was found between the degree of sensorimotor or proprioceptive responsiveness and visuospatial responsiveness. Our results suggest the effects of PA on the sensorimotor system are less transient than previously thought and are still evident after a night of sleep. Importantly, taken together with recently published null results for the visuospatial effects of PA using other tasks, we suggest these effects might be less extensive than previously reported in healthy subjects.</p>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"191 ","pages":"90-104"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144816027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional connectivity changes in long-Covid patients with and without cognitive impairment.","authors":"Manuel Leitner, Daniela Pinter, Stefan Ropele, Marisa Koini","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.07.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.07.005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Long-Covid is associated with cognitive deficits in memory, attention, or executive function. However, the associated cerebral structural and functional changes are insufficiently studied to date. We investigated 39 long-Covid patients with (n = 16) and without (n = 23) cognitive impairment. Impairment was defined by a pronounced deficit (-1.5 SD) in at least one cognitive domain including memory, attention, executive function, and verbal fluency. All participants underwent structural and functional resting-state magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We assessed differences in resting-state networks (within and between networks) between both groups as well as structural differences in total gray matter and subcortical volumes. Both groups did not differ in demographic or disease-related characteristics. Patients with cognitive deficits showed higher functional connectivity (FC) between the default mode network (DMN) and parts of the posterior supramarginal gyrus, angular gyrus and posterior-occipital part of the middle temporal gyrus, compared to those cognitively unimpaired. In addition, inter-network analyses indicated a stronger connectivity between the visual and ventral stream network in those with cognitive impairment. We found no volumetric differences between the two groups. Our results indicate that altered FC with the DMN as well as a stronger connectivity between the visual and ventral stream network in cognitively impaired long-Covid patients are associated with worse cognitive performance and therefore suggests a maladaptive functional change.</p>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"191 ","pages":"74-89"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144803832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cover figure","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S0010-9452(25)00258-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0010-9452(25)00258-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"191 ","pages":"Page e1"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145262714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examination of speech processing in noise reveals cognitive deficits in early Huntington's disease.","authors":"Branislava Godic, Pippa Iva, Jess C S Chan, Russell Martin, Adam P Vogel, Ramesh Rajan","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.07.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.07.007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Processing speech amongst noise requires sensory and cognitive abilities that are often affected by Huntington's Disease. However, their impact on daily communication remains unclear. We examined the effects of Huntington's Disease on speech-in-noise processing using everyday sentences and words in noise contexts and conditions that mimic different daily life scenarios. In Premanifest (n = 16) and Manifest Huntington's Disease (n = 12) and Control (n = 26) participants, we examined speech discrimination amongst non-demanding and attentionally demanding noise. We also examined how Huntington's Disease affected the ability to use spatial separation cues to disambiguate speech from noise in single-voice masker or multi-talker backgrounds. Finally, we administered a validated questionnaire where participants rated auditory processing difficulties during daily life activities. Sentence-in-noise discrimination was impaired in individuals with Manifest Huntington's Disease in almost all signal-to-noise ratio conditions with the attentionally-demanding masker and amongst the non-demanding noise masker with the most difficult signal-to-noise ratio. Premanifest Huntington's Disease participants had difficulty perceiving speech in some attentionally demanding noise conditions. Spatial cues provided situational benefits to speech processing under attentionally-demanding conditions for participants at all stages of Huntington's Disease, except for the Manifest Huntington's Disease group when stimuli included a single competing speaker. A logistic regression model using speech processing performance as a predictor successfully distinguished healthy control and Premanifest groups with 87.5% accuracy. Stage-dependent impairments in speech processing were observed under naturalistic noise conditions. These results further our understanding and contextualization of communication difficulties experienced by people with Huntington's Disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"191 ","pages":"55-73"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144803831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Susceptibility to visual hallucinations in the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-frontotemporal dementia spectrum: The role of dysfunctional attentional networks","authors":"Nga Yan Tse ,&nbsp;Isabella F. Orlando ,&nbsp;Claire O'Callaghan ,&nbsp;Natasha L. Taylor ,&nbsp;James M. Shine ,&nbsp;Andrew Zalesky ,&nbsp;Sicong Tu ,&nbsp;Rebekah M. Ahmed ,&nbsp;Glenda M. Halliday ,&nbsp;Olivier Piguet ,&nbsp;John R. Hodges ,&nbsp;Matthew C. Kiernan ,&nbsp;Simon J.G. Lewis ,&nbsp;Emma M. Devenney","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.08.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.08.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Psychotic symptoms are well established across the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-frontotemporal dementia (ALS-FTD) spectrum and contribute to patient and carer distress and poorer prognosis. However, there are no objective tools to probe these symptoms and the underlying functional neurobiology has been unexplored to date. Leveraging clinical interview, neuropsychological testing, and a validated behavioural paradigm of visual misperception combined with connectome-wide fMRI analysis, we directly probed visual hallucinatory tendencies and the associated cognitive and functional connectivity signatures in ALS-FTD. In 82 participants across the ALS-FTD spectrum (24 ALS patients, 7 ALS-FTD, 31 behavioural-variant FTD [19 <em>C9orf72</em> expansion carriers and 43 non-carriers] and 20 healthy controls), we showed that an ecologically valid behavioural task was sensitive to hallucinatory tendencies. We observed selective involvement of attentional deficits in visual misperception beyond the influence of executive function and psychomotor speed (<em>r</em> ranging from .344-.603; FDR-corrected <em>at p</em> &lt; .05). Following quality control, data-driven whole-brain fMRI analysis in a subset of 26 patients converged to implicate the attentional systems, wherein abnormally heightened connectivity anchored in the attentional, default mode and executive control networks worsened as a function of visual misperception severity (FWE-corrected <em>p</em> = .042 with 10,000 permutations). Our findings underscore the critical role of attentional disruptions, characterised by altered interactions between top-down and bottom-up attentional, introspective, and salience detection processes, in ALS-FTD visual hallucinatory predisposition. Aligning with current models of hallucination generation postulated in schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease, and dementia with Lewy bodies, our findings point towards common neural underpinnings of psychosis vulnerability shared by ALS-FTD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"192 ","pages":"Pages 213-226"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145263168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term associative memory and spatial pattern separation impairments in individuals with subjective cognitive decline: A neuropsychological and medial temporal lobe subregions volumetric analysis","authors":"Maria Stefania De Simone ,&nbsp;Sabrina Bonarota ,&nbsp;Laura Serra ,&nbsp;Marta Rodini ,&nbsp;Giulia Caruso ,&nbsp;Federico Giove ,&nbsp;Carlo Caltagirone ,&nbsp;Giovanni Augusto Carlesimo","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.09.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.09.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) has been proposed as a potential preclinical stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia. This study aimed to investigate whether objective impairments could be identified in SCD on highly demanding memory tasks and their possible associations with medial temporal lobe (MTL) volumes. The performance of 31 individuals with SCD and 29 healthy elderly with no worries of cognitive decline (HC) was compared on two experimental tasks assessing respectively face–name-occupation associative memory and spatial pattern separation. The diagnostic power of these tests in classifying cognitive status was assessed. In addition, a sub-group of 20 SCD and 19 HC underwent a 3T-MRI. Volumes of individual hippocampal subfields and surrounding cortices within the MTL were calculated and compared between the two groups. Finally, possible associations between brain volumes and performance on experimental tasks were evaluated. While traditional neuropsychological tests showed no significant between-group differences, SCDs obtained significantly lower scores than HCs on experimental tasks. These measures also correctly classified group membership with good overall accuracy. Volumetric data revealed significant between-group differences in specific hippocampal subfields (particularly CA1 and dentate gyrus) and surrounding cortices (particularly entorhinal and perirhinal cortices). Furthermore, lower scores on experimental tasks significantly correlated with reduced volumes in specific MTL sub-regions (particularly CA1 and perirhinal cortices). These findings provide the first evidence in SCD of an association between objective memory impairments in associative memory and spatial pattern separation and volume reductions in specific MTL sub-regions known to be primarily vulnerable to AD neuropathology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"192 ","pages":"Pages 196-212"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145263169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relationship between individual alpha frequency and time perception: Testing the internal clock versus the sampling rate hypothesis","authors":"Matteo Frisoni ,&nbsp;Luca Tarasi ,&nbsp;Sara Borgomaneri ,&nbsp;Vincenzo Romei","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.09.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.09.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Perceiving the duration of events is a fundamental ability for everyday life. Traditional research has focused on the role of alpha oscillations as an endogenous pacemaker for the human internal clock, yet there is limited evidence supporting this idea. An alternative hypothesis proposes that alpha oscillations may underlie a sampling mechanism, where higher alpha frequencies correspond to increased information sampling, resulting in more accurate temporal judgments. In this study, we tested the internal clock versus sampling rate hypothesis by examining the relationship between Individual Alpha Frequency (IAF) and fine-grained time perception. Using resting Electroencephalography (EEG) and Signal Detection Theory (SDT), fifty healthy volunteers performed a time-discrimination task with 100 and 500 msec standard durations. Our results demonstrate that temporal sensitivity (d’) but not temporal bias (c) is influenced by IAF, with higher IAF leading to more accurate time estimates (higher d’). The correlations were observed over frontocentral topographies consistent with previous reports of neural networks involved in time processing and were most pronounced at 100 msec relative to 500 msec, likely due to fluctuations in IAF across multiple cycles. In conclusion, our findings support the relationship between IAF and temporal sensitivity. These results challenge the pacemaker hypothesis and instead suggest a distributed mechanism where alpha oscillations enhance the precision of temporal sampling. Our study adds to the growing body of evidence highlighting the role of IAF in sensory sampling as a generative mechanism for temporal sensitivity as opposed to subjective time perception.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"192 ","pages":"Pages 183-195"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145257519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revisiting the mental imagery debate: New evidence from aphantasia and neuroimaging","authors":"Florent Lebon","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.09.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.09.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this viewpoint letter, I critically examine the longstanding debate regarding the nature of mental imagery—specifically the tension between depictive and propositional theories—through the lens of recent neuroscientific findings. While early studies using neuroimaging were interpreted as supporting a depictive, perception-like model of visual imagery, emerging data from individuals with aphantasia present compelling counterevidence. These individuals, who report an absence of conscious visual imagery, nonetheless display decodable activity in early visual cortices during imagery-related tasks, prompting a reevaluation of the assumptions linking neural activation in V1 to subjective imagery. I suggest alternatives that support for a single- or a dual-process account of mental representation in the human brain.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"192 ","pages":"Pages 179-182"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145257569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Failure to replicate enhancement of speech adaptation using tDCS over motor cortex and cerebellum","authors":"Qiming Yuan ,&nbsp;Daniel R. Lametti ,&nbsp;Izara Williams ,&nbsp;Hui Zhu ,&nbsp;Kate E. Watkins","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.09.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.09.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) modulates cortical excitability and when applied in combination with a cognitive task has potential to enhance performance. In the speech domain, previous work indicated that anodal tDCS over left motor cortex and right cerebellum increased the magnitude of speech adaptation during sensorimotor learning. Here, we aimed to replicate these findings in a pre-registered, double-blind, randomised, sham-controlled study of a large sample (three groups of <em>N</em> = 30). Participants read words out loud. Speech was recorded and fed back to them either normally or with a 110-Mel increase in the frequency of the first vowel formant. Participants responded to altered feedback by changing their speech production (adaptation). Participants were randomly allocated to receive 2-mA anodal tDCS over either left speech motor cortex, or right cerebellum, or sham stimulation. We tested for differences in speech adaptation among the three groups using one-way analyses of variance. We also explored the relationship between speech adaptation and measures of speech perception. All groups showed significant adaptation while receiving altered auditory feedback. Contrary to the previous study, we found no impact of anodal tDCS on the magnitude of the speech adaptation. In conclusion, speech adaptation was unaffected by anodal tDCS over speech motor cortex or cerebellum. This study is another example of the inconsistent effects of tDCS on task performance particularly when participants are young and healthy. Even larger samples may be needed to detect small effects and to avoid spurious results arising from individual differences in task performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"192 ","pages":"Pages 152-164"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145217640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}