Cortex最新文献

{"title":"Registered reports in neuropsychology: Insights from the burning houses study","authors":"Margaret Jane Moore ,&nbsp;Nele Demeyere","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.07.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We recently completed our first registered report project within a neuropsychological population (Moore et al., 2025). In this project, we set out to evaluate the replicability of the seminal case study by Marshall &amp; Halligan (1988) on pre-attentive semantic processing in neglect, and replicated this effect under stringent experimental conditions. Our undertaking of this registered report study spanned over five years. In this viewpoint, we aim to share our personal reflections on this project in the hope that our experiences (and setbacks) can prove helpful for future studies aiming to conduct registered reports in neuropsychological populations. More broadly, our experience with this project provides a salient example of the challenges faced by registered report studies which may help account for the low uptake of this format in neuropsychology. Ultimately, we believe that encouraging adherence to fundamental open science practices including openly pre-registering plans and open reporting of data/code should be prioritised in neuropsychology and call for targeted discussions surrounding registered report formats specific to neuropsychological studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"190 ","pages":"Pages 155-159"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144656199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of alertness on perceptual detection and discrimination","authors":"Yanzhi Xu ,&nbsp;Martijn Wokke ,&nbsp;Valdas Noreika ,&nbsp;Corinne Bareham ,&nbsp;Sridhar Jagannathan ,&nbsp;Stanimira Georgieva ,&nbsp;Caterina Trentin ,&nbsp;Tristan Bekinschtein","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.06.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.06.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The level of alertness fluctuates throughout the day, exerting modulatory effects on human cognitive processes at any moment. However, our knowledge of how alertness level interacts with specific cognitive demands and perceptual rules of a task is still limited. Here we used perceptual decision-making paradigms to explore this issue. We analysed data from four different experiments involving a total of 113 participants: 1) auditory masking detection, 2) sensorimotor detection, 3) auditory spatial discrimination, and 4) auditory phoneme discrimination. We examined participant performance during the natural transition from awake (high alertness) to drowsy (low alertness). First, we fitted psychometric functions to the performance in EEG-defined high and low alertness metastable states. Second, we modelled slope and threshold from the fitted sigmoidal curves as well as signal detection theory measures, including perceptual sensitivity (d’) and response bias (criterion). We found lower detection and discrimination sensitivity to stimuli as alertness level decreases, signalled by a shallower slope and a lower d’, while the threshold increases slightly and equivalently across experiments. We observed no change in criterion during the transition. Zooming in, we observed that the decrease in sensitivity measured by slope was stronger for discrimination than for detection decisions, indicating that lower alertness impairs the precision of decisions in discriminating alternatives more than in identifying the presence of a stimulus around the threshold. Taken together, these results suggest that alertness has a common effect on perceptual decision-making and differentially modulates detection and discrimination decisions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"190 ","pages":"Pages 262-285"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144694704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiac signals and the interference of reward on attention and inhibitory control","authors":"Mateo Leganes-Fonteneau ,&nbsp;Annelise Theis ,&nbsp;Irene Dolfini ,&nbsp;Reinout W. Wiers ,&nbsp;Maurage Pierre ,&nbsp;Charlotte L. Rae","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.06.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.06.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Interoceptive responses can modulate cognition and behavior; discrete cardiac signals can shape emotional and motivational adaptation towards reward-related cues, but also affect response inhibition. Novel addiction perspectives posit an interoceptive basis for the interplay between substance-related reward processing and inhibitory control, but there is a lack of behavioral evidence for this relationship. In this registered report, we investigated whether reward cues modulate cardiac-facilitated attention and motor inhibition. Fifty social drinkers completed an attentional visual search task and two instances of a stop signal task, in which alcohol or neutral stimuli were presented as targets or distractors. Stimuli were presented in synchrony with participants’ cardiac phase (systole vs. diastole). This design allowed us to test whether cardiac signals amplify attentional biases in the presence of alcohol cues and influences inhibitory control. Overall, our results were predominantly null: alcohol cues did not produce significant attentional interference in any task, limiting conclusions about interoceptive modulation of cognitive abilities by cardiac phase. However, we replicated a previous finding that synchronizing stop signals at systole improved motor inhibition. This provides strong evidence that cardiac phase can facilitate inhibitory processes in the stop signal task. Although more sensitive paradigms are needed to clarify how cardiac rhythms interact with alcohol cues to influence attention and inhibition, our replication of systolic facilitation highlights the promise of cardiac cycle-based approaches in interoception research. Future studies may benefit from refining task design and considering craving states to more effectively capture the potential interoceptive influences on attention and inhibitory control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"190 ","pages":"Pages 216-230"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144662782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Balancing act: A neural trade-off between coherence and creativity in spontaneous speech","authors":"Tanvi Patel,&nbsp;Sarah E. MacPherson,&nbsp;Paul Hoffman","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Effective communication involves a delicate balance between generating novel, engaging content and maintaining a coherent narrative. The neural mechanisms underlying this balance between coherence and creativity in discourse production remain unexplored. The aim of the current study was to investigate the relationship between coherence and creativity in spontaneous speech, with a specific focus on the interaction among three key neural networks: the Default Mode Network, Multiple-Demand Network, and the Semantic Control Network. To this end, we conducted a two-part analysis. At the behavioural level, we analysed speech samples produced in response to topic cues, computing measures of global coherence (indexing the degree of connectedness to the main topic) and Divergent Semantic Integration (DSI; reflecting the diversity of ideas incorporated in the narrative). Coherence and divergence in speech were negatively correlated, suggesting a trade-off between maintaining a coherent narrative structure and incorporating creative elements. At the neural level, higher global coherence was associated with greater activation in the Multiple-Demand Network, emphasising its role in organising and sustaining logical flow in discourse production. In contrast, functional connectivity analyses demonstrated that higher DSI was related to greater coupling between the Default Mode and Multiple-Demand Networks, suggesting that creative speech relies on a dynamic interplay between associative and executive processes. These results provide new insights into the cognitive and neural processes underpinning spontaneous speech production, highlighting the complex interplay between different brain networks in managing competing demands of being coherent and creative.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"190 ","pages":"Pages 242-261"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144687077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How can the research on cortical topography and connectivity fingerprint shed light on the neural processing of event segmentation? – A commentary on Wu et al. (2025)","authors":"Rocco Chiou","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.06.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.06.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The angular gyrus (AG) is widely implicated in language, memory, multisensory perception, and has been found to be a hub of connectivity. However, different strands of research on AG functions and structures have seldom been integrated. Recent event segmentation research, including Wu et al. (2025), shows that the AG robustly encodes event boundaries during spoken narratives, with stronger and more reliable involvement than the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC). This commentary situates such findings within broader insights from connectomic fingerprints and cortical topography – using the contrast between AG and PCC as an example – to suggest that different regions' topographic juxtaposition and connectivity pattern may underlie their differential roles in representing event structure across modalities. Integrating perspectives from research on event segmentation and the brain connectome offers new avenues for understanding how the brain encodes continuous streams of information from vision, hearing, and action to form a coherent experience.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"190 ","pages":"Pages 192-197"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144656387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visibility manipulations affect the functional connectivity related to illusory body ownership","authors":"Gustavo S.P. Pamplona ,&nbsp;Lena Salzmann ,&nbsp;Amedeo Giussani ,&nbsp;Lavinia Albanese ,&nbsp;Philipp Staempfli ,&nbsp;Stefan Schneller ,&nbsp;Roger Gassert ,&nbsp;Silvio Ionta","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.06.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.06.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rubber hand illusion is a multisensory phenomenon where congruent visual and tactile stimulation induces ownership over a visible dummy hand. Manipulating visual inputs during the RHI experimental procedure may affect the strength of the illusion and alter the activation of relevant brain regions. This suggests that visual input modifications could influence the normal interconnectivity among brain regions. To test this hypothesis, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from 45 neurotypical adults to assess how functional connectivity (FC) was influenced by changes in the visibility of a virtual hand during the visuo-tactile stimulation related to a virtual hand illusion (VHI). The visibility manipulations concerned only the virtual hand, not the entire visual scene, and were accomplished through video editing. Tactile stimulation was administered by an MRI-compatible robot capable of delivering precise, repeatable stroking patterns on the participant’s hand. Visibility and visuo-tactile congruence modulated FC between occipital, sensorimotor, and default mode regions. FC between these regions also modulated with the time phase of VHI induction. These findings suggest that reducing visibility of the virtual hand shifted the balance between vision and touch in the mental representation of the body, especially in later stages of visuo-tactile stimulation. Revealing that altered hand visibility dynamically modulates the FC related to multisensory integration during the VHI, our study underscores the critical role of visual input in shaping body representation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"190 ","pages":"Pages 198-215"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144656198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retrospective interviews reveal unawareness of weakness following reversible hemispheric suppression: An exploratory study using selective anesthesia for functional evaluation","authors":"Hiroaki Hosokawa ,&nbsp;Kazuo Kakinuma ,&nbsp;Shin-ichiro Osawa ,&nbsp;Hana Kikuchi ,&nbsp;Kazuto Katsuse ,&nbsp;Shoko Ota ,&nbsp;Erena Kobayashi ,&nbsp;Nobuko Kawakami ,&nbsp;Marie Oyafuso ,&nbsp;Kazushi Ukishiro ,&nbsp;Kazutaka Jin ,&nbsp;Makoto Ishida ,&nbsp;Kuniyasu Niizuma ,&nbsp;Hidenori Endo ,&nbsp;Nobukazu Nakasato ,&nbsp;Kyoko Suzuki","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.06.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.06.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Unawareness of weakness—defined as an explicit failure to recognize one’s own limb paresis after brain damage—has long been considered predominantly linked to right-hemisphere dysfunction, yet its laterality remains controversial. We retrospectively analyzed 86 sessions of Selective Anesthesia for Functional Evaluation (SAFE) conducted in 53 patients with surgical epilepsy. SAFE involves delivering a short-acting anesthetic into a single cortical artery branch, resulting in reversible cortical suppression. Contralateral weakness was defined as a positive Barré sign in the upper limb, corresponding to a Manual Muscle Test score of &lt;3. Following the anesthetic effect, patients were asked whether they had experienced any motor impairment. Explicit unawareness was probed using two standardized questions, followed by a limb-specific inquiry. Interviews were conducted in real-time during 28 infusions and repeated within 30 sec of motor recovery in the remaining 58 sessions. Unawareness occurred in 41 of 52 left-hemisphere infusions (78.8%) and in 26 of 34 right-hemisphere infusions (76.5%). Real-time and immediate post hoc ratings were concordant in 26 of 28 paired assessments (93%). Infusions into the M2-superior division were associated with higher rates of unawareness than those into the M2-inferior division (odds ratio = 2.3, 95% confidence interval: 1.1–5.1). Within this reversible perfusion-suppression model, the frequency of unawareness of weakness was hemispherically balanced, promoting a cautious re-evaluation of the presumed right-hemisphere dominance. SAFE provides a practical tool for isolating transient awareness deficits without structural injury and may help bridge pharmacological and lesion-based approaches to brain–behavior mapping.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"190 ","pages":"Pages 146-154"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144633117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Linking spatial metaphors to body size perception: Different roles of top-down associations and multisensory contributions when mapping auditory cues to finger length","authors":"Marte Roel Lesur ,&nbsp;Matthew R. Longo ,&nbsp;Ana Tajadura-Jiménez","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.06.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.06.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Temporospatial and semantic multisensory aspects contribute to bodily and spatial perception. An informative paradigm to study this is the Auditory Pinocchio Illusion, in which participants perceive an elongation of their finger upon vertically pulling their finger and hearing a concurrent upward pitch glissando. This arguably relies on anchoring (i.e., associating) the ecologically unrelated upward pitch glissando to the finger and allows to separately assess the role of semantic and multisensory contributions. However, what is needed for this anchoring to occur is unknown. In a first Experiment, we manipulated top-down attention to the finger upon which either an ascending or descending sound would be produced. In a second experiment, we compared how different bottom-up multisensory cues (arising from actions performed on the finger) concurrent to the ascending or descending pitch affected finger length perception. Participants either pulled, touched or stretched their finger. Through a perceptual judgment task of finger landmark localization and questionnaire ratings, we measured participants' perceived finger length in both studies and separately assessed their sensory imagery skills. Our results show that attention alters finger length perception according to questionnaire ratings but not perceptual judgements, while concurrent multisensory signals similarly affect both measures. No relationship between these effects and participants’ sensory imagery was found. We suggest that while top-down associations between pitch and verticality are necessary and affect questionnaire ratings, they are not sufficient to affect perceptual judgements. Bottom-up somatosensory cues seem to be additionally needed to impact such judgements in this illusion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"190 ","pages":"Pages 178-191"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144656388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Earlier finish of motor planning in the premotor cortex predicts faster motor command in the primary motor cortex: Human intracranial EEG evidence","authors":"Jing Xia ,&nbsp;Deshan Gong ,&nbsp;Biao Han ,&nbsp;Qiang Guo ,&nbsp;Yang Zhan ,&nbsp;Gereon R. Fink ,&nbsp;Silvia Daun ,&nbsp;Qi Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.06.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.06.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The human motor system operates under hierarchical control during finger movements. The non-primary motor cortex (premotor cortex, PM, and supplementary motor area, SMA) organizes motor planning, while the primary motor cortex (M1) is responsible for motor execution. We utilized the high temporal and spatial resolution of intracranial EEG (iEEG) to investigate how the temporal dynamics of high-gamma oscillations in these hierarchically organized motor sub-regions, during both pre-movement planning and motor execution, correlated with reaction times (RTs) in a cued finger movement task. Our results showed that high-gamma power in PM, SMA, and M1 activated sequentially. More importantly, the sustained high-gamma activation in the non-primary motor cortex and the peak latency of high-gamma power in M1 significantly predicted RTs. Specifically, the faster the activation of the non-primary motor cortex returned to baseline, the faster the motor command in M1, resulting in shorter RTs. Furthermore, pairwise phase coherence between motor areas revealed that more sustained connectivity correlated with longer RTs. These findings illustrate the relationship between the temporal profiles of high-gamma activity in human motor areas and response performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"190 ","pages":"Pages 160-177"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144656197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A phonological input buffer for numbers","authors":"Hadar Efodi-Klerman,&nbsp;Dror Dotan","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.06.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.06.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The ability to comprehend oral numbers is central to numerical literacy, yet the mechanisms enabling it are still poorly understood. Here we show that, as some have hypothesized, short-term memory is involved in this process, and we also show how. We report two adults with developmental short-term memory deficit. They performed poorly in writing numbers to dictation and in other tasks requiring number comprehension, but not in tasks requiring other aspects of number processing. Their performance level was modulated by the memory load imposed by the task, and they made a variety of error types–digit substitutions as well as violations of the number's syntactic structure. We conclude that their deficit was in a short-term memory store which serves the verbal-phonological input of numbers–a phonological input buffer for numbers. Detailed error analysis suggests that this buffer serves as a workbench in which number words are stored before parsing their syntactic structure. Based on these and previous findings, we propose a detailed cognitive model for the verbal-phonological input of numbers, in which the phonological input buffer has a central role.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"190 ","pages":"Pages 110-130"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144613782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}