Cortex最新文献 - Book学术

Exploring insight into unfamiliar face recognition ability: The case from developmental prosopagnosia

IF 3.2 2区心理学

Cortex Pub Date : 2025-04-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2025.03.009

Jeremy J. Tree, Alex L. Jones

{"title":"Exploring insight into unfamiliar face recognition ability: The case from developmental prosopagnosia","authors":"Jeremy J. Tree, Alex L. Jones","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.03.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.03.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to explore the relationship between face processing ability and individuals' <em>insight</em> into that ability, with a particular focus on those who ‘self-refer’ as having face recognition difficulties; namely, individuals with developmental prosopagnosia (DP). Specifically, the study examines whether self-referred individuals represent a subpopulation with elevated levels of insight into their face recognition performance compared to the general population. Using Bayesian hierarchical modelling, we compared performance across the ‘objective’ Cambridge Face Memory Test (CFMT) and the ‘subjective’ 20-item Prosopagnosia Index (PI20) in self-referred DP individuals (N = 279) and normative populations (N = 1,344)-this statistical approach allows for flexible, probabilistic predictions about performance based on subjective insight and group membership, enabling more nuanced comparisons. Despite hypotheses that self-referring participants might demonstrate superior metacognitive insight, results showed no credible evidence of enhanced alignment between PI20 and CFMT measures in this group compared to normative samples. Overall, these findings underscore the limitations of current diagnostic tools, emphasizing the need for psychometric refinement to address measurement noise and improve the reliability of subjective self-assessments. This work contributes to understanding individual variability in cognitive insight and highlights the challenges of identifying DP based on subjective and objective alignment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"186 ","pages":"Pages 86-98"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143839789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Unisensory visual and auditory objects are processed in olfactory cortex, independently of odor association

IF 3.2 2区心理学

Cortex Pub Date : 2025-04-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2025.04.002

Evelina Thunell , Moa Peter , Behzad Iravani , Danja K. Porada , Katharina Prenner , Fahimeh Darki , Johan N. Lundström

{"title":"Unisensory visual and auditory objects are processed in olfactory cortex, independently of odor association","authors":"Evelina Thunell , Moa Peter , Behzad Iravani , Danja K. Porada , Katharina Prenner , Fahimeh Darki , Johan N. Lundström","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.04.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Primary sensory cortices have been demonstrated to process sensory input from non-preferred sensory modalities, e.g., primary visual cortex reacting to auditory stimulation, bringing their presumed sensory specificity into question. Whether this reflects processing of the non-preferred stimulus per se or originates from cross-modal associations is debated. Visual/auditory objects typically have strong reciprocal associations; hence, it is difficult to address this question in these modalities. Here, we dissociate between the two competing hypotheses of whether this form of activation in primary cortices is caused by unisensory processing or cross-modal associations by turning to the olfactory system where cross-modal associations are generally weaker. Using unisensory visual and auditory objects with odor associations ranging from none to strong, we show that the posterior piriform cortex, an area known to process odor objects, is activated by both sounds and pictures of objects. Critically, this activation is independent of the objects' odor associations, thereby demonstrating that the activity is not due to cross-modal associations. Using a Floyd–Warshall algorithm, we further show that the amygdala mediate condition-relevant information between the posterior piriform cortex and both the auditory and visual object-oriented cortices. Importantly, we replicate past findings of clear crossmodal processing in the visual and auditory systems. Our study demonstrates processing of non-olfactory input in olfactory cortices that is independent of cross-modal associations and contributes to a more nuanced view of modality specificity in olfactory, auditory, and visual cortices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"186 ","pages":"Pages 74-85"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143839788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Theory of mind deficits in non-fluent primary progressive aphasia

IF 3.2 2区心理学

Cortex Pub Date : 2025-04-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2025.03.012

Eleni Peristeri , Stephanie Durrleman , Sokratis Papageorgiou , Constantin Potagas , Christos Frantzidis , Anastasios Kotrotsios , Nikolaos Scarmeas , Kyrana Tsapkini

{"title":"Theory of mind deficits in non-fluent primary progressive aphasia","authors":"Eleni Peristeri , Stephanie Durrleman , Sokratis Papageorgiou , Constantin Potagas , Christos Frantzidis , Anastasios Kotrotsios , Nikolaos Scarmeas , Kyrana Tsapkini","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.03.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.03.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Theory of Mind (ToM) is a complex socio-cognitive subdomain that is under-researched in neurodegenerative disorders, particularly in persons with primary progressive aphasia. We studied 14 persons with non-fluent/agrammatic variant primary progressive aphasia (nfaPPA), and asked two questions: (1) whether persons with nfaPPA have intact or impaired ToM, with emphasis on their false belief attribution abilities, relative to healthy controls; and (2) whether false-belief attribution (a component of ToM) is associated with their syntactic and executive function (EF) abilities. False belief understanding was tested through nonverbal videos, with participants deciding whether the story ending was an appropriate end of each video scenario or not. Syntactic production abilities were measured through repetition of syntactically simple and complex sentences (comprising length-matched complement and adjunct sentences), and EF tasks, specifically, a digit-back and an attention-shifting task. Persons with nfaPPA were less accurate than controls in adapting their reasoning to the false beliefs of other agents in the nonverbal videos of the false belief attribution task. Their false belief attribution performance was significantly predicted primarily by their syntactic production, followed by their EF. The overall findings suggest that persons with nfaPPA may have impaired performances in ToM tasks, due to impairments in basic non-social cognitive functioning, such as syntactic and EF abilities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"186 ","pages":"Pages 116-127"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143845014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The serial order system in word production and working memory: A case series approach

IF 3.2 2区心理学

Cortex Pub Date : 2025-04-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2025.04.001

Yingxue Tian , Marja-Liisa Mailend , Erica L. Middleton

{"title":"The serial order system in word production and working memory: A case series approach","authors":"Yingxue Tian , Marja-Liisa Mailend , Erica L. Middleton","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.04.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Serial order is important in verbal behavior, such as sequencing words in working memory (WM) or arranging phonemes during speech. In both WM and word production, distinct processes are found for item identity and their serial order. In the current study, we investigated whether a shared system supports the serial order of verbal items (phonemes or words) across cognitive functions (WM and production) and tasks (repetition and naming). We recruited 30 participants with chronic stroke-induced aphasia. We examined WM abilities to recall item and serial order information using immediate serial recall tasks of words. We also assessed the ability to accurately sequence phonemes in word repetition and naming tasks, with its impairment indexed by the proportion of misordered phonemes among all incorrect phonemes compared to chance in phonologically related word and nonword responses. We examined how variability of this index of serial order impairment in repetition and naming relates to item and serial order WM capacities. Our findings reveal that serial order WM capacity, but not item WM capacity, was associated with the severity of serial order impairment in repetition, indicating a shared serial order system for WM and repetition. We also found that item WM, but not serial order WM, was associated with serial order impairment in naming, implying an item WM buffer for phonemic sequencing in naming. These results suggest distinct sequencing processes for repetition and naming, each linked to different WM mechanisms. Implications for word production models and the relationship between WM and word production are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"186 ","pages":"Pages 128-146"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143845015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sensorimotor effects in surprise word memory – A registered report

IF 3.2 2区心理学

Cortex Pub Date : 2025-04-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2025.03.010

Agata Dymarska , Louise Connell

{"title":"Sensorimotor effects in surprise word memory – A registered report","authors":"Agata Dymarska , Louise Connell","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.03.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.03.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sensorimotor grounding of semantic information elicits inconsistent effects on word memory, depending on which type of experience is involved, with some aspects of sensorimotor information facilitating memory performance while others inhibit it. In particular, information relating to the body appears to impair word recognition memory by increasing false alarms, which may be due either to an adaptive advantage for survival-relevant information (whereby words pertaining to the body spread activation to other concepts and generate a confusable memory trace) or to a somatic attentional mechanism (whereby words pertaining to the body activate a false sense of touch that renders their representations less distinctive as memory trace and retrieval cue). To date, the existing literature does not distinguish between these two explanations. We set out to adjudicate between them using a surprise (incidental) memory task, where participants study the words under a guise of a lexical decision task, which allowed us to examine how participants form a memory trace for words grounded in bodily experience. We found support for the somatic attentional account, as body-related words increased false alarms even when attention was not directed to them at the study phase. Overall, the results provide further evidence for the importance of distinctiveness in word memory, and suggest a reinterpretation of the role of semantic richness in word memory.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"186 ","pages":"Pages 99-115"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143839787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Methods and Assumptions: A new section in Cortex

IF 3.2 2区心理学

Cortex Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2025.03.007

Anne M. Scheel , Chris Allen , Magdalena Chechlacz , Marie K. Deserno , Céline R. Gillebert , Nicholas P. Holmes

引用次数: 0

Cover figure

IF 3.2 2区心理学

Cortex Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0010-9452(25)00090-5

引用次数: 0

Data-driven classification of narrative speech characteristics in stroke aphasia distinguishes neurological and strategic contributions

IF 3.2 2区心理学

Cortex Pub Date : 2025-03-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2025.03.006

Junhua Ding , Daniel Mirman

{"title":"Data-driven classification of narrative speech characteristics in stroke aphasia distinguishes neurological and strategic contributions","authors":"Junhua Ding , Daniel Mirman","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.03.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.03.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Narrative speech deficits are common in post-stroke aphasia, resulting in negative influences on social participation and quality of life. Speech rate, complexity, and informativeness deficits all contribute to narrative speech. Research studies typically (implicitly) assume that these aspects of narrative speech production are a result of cognitive/neurological impairment, but they may also result from strategic choices made as individuals with aphasia attempt to produce narrative speech. Here, we used data-driven methods to classify aphasic narrative speech patterns and evaluated their predictability from lesion patterns. 76 stroke aphasia patients completed 11 narrative speech production tasks. Quantitative Production Analysis (QPA) and Correct Information Unit (CIU) analysis were used to measure their structural and functional properties. Based on prior work, we selected QPA measures of speech rate (words per minute) and complexity (mean sentence length, inflection index, and auxiliary index) and four CIU measures of informativeness (#CIU, CIU/min, %CIU, #nonCIU). These measures produced two orthogonal dimensions with four orthogonal participant clusters. Comprehensive comparison between clusters revealed that speech rate and complexity were strongly associated with general aphasia severity and total lesion volume, and were predicted by frontoparietal grey matter and dorsal pathway white matter damage. In contrast, informativeness was independent of other behavioral and neurological deficits, and was not predictable from lesion patterns, suggesting that it reflects communication strategy rather than specific neurological impairment. These results provide an important step toward distinguishing neurological and strategic aspects of narrative speech deficits in post-stroke aphasia, with potential implications for treatment approaches that target communication strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"186 ","pages":"Pages 61-73"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143768476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Modulation of ventral premotor and primary motor cortex interactions for accurate visuomotor force control

IF 3.2 2区心理学

Cortex Pub Date : 2025-03-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2025.03.005

Tatsunori Watanabe , Takayuki Kuwabara , Takuya Matsumoto , Keisuke Yunoki , Takayuki Horinouchi , Hikari Kirimoto

{"title":"Modulation of ventral premotor and primary motor cortex interactions for accurate visuomotor force control","authors":"Tatsunori Watanabe , Takayuki Kuwabara , Takuya Matsumoto , Keisuke Yunoki , Takayuki Horinouchi , Hikari Kirimoto","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.03.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.03.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Visually guided movements are mediated by visuomotor networks involving multiple cortical areas. While processing in the occipital-parietal-premotor pathway is relatively well understood, the mechanisms by which motor-related frontal and prefrontal regions influence the primary motor cortex (M1), which controls the moving hand during visuomotor tasks, remain unclear. Using dual-site transcranial magnetic stimulation, here we investigated interhemispheric influences from the right M1, dorsal premotor cortex (PMd), ventral premotor cortex (PMv), supplementary motor area (SMA), and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) on the left M1 during a visuomotor force control task with the right hand, examining how these influences change with enhanced visuomotor performance. Performance (i.e., amount of error) was manipulated by adjusting the visual gain of force feedback. Higher visual gain increases sensitivity to visual feedback, amplifying small force variations and improving error correction, which in turn reduces performance error. Performance enhancement was accompanied by a reduction in the facilitatory influence of the PMv on the contralateral M1. The M1 and DLPFC exerted an inhibitory influence on the contralateral M1 regardless of performance level. The PMd and SMA exerted neither facilitatory nor inhibitory influence on the contralateral M1. These findings suggest distinct modulation patterns of the M1 by different frontal cortical areas and underscore the critical importance of the PMv-M1 interaction in ensuring fine motor precision during visuomotor tasks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"186 ","pages":"Pages 51-60"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143725203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Predictive value in memory evaluation of the temporal mesial afterdischarges induced by electrical stimulations in stereoelectroencephalography

IF 3.2 2区心理学

Cortex Pub Date : 2025-03-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2025.02.014

Adrien Bénard , Dragos-Mihai Maliia , Pascale Trébon , Yves Sahler , Arnaud Biraben , Anca Nica

{"title":"Predictive value in memory evaluation of the temporal mesial afterdischarges induced by electrical stimulations in stereoelectroencephalography","authors":"Adrien Bénard , Dragos-Mihai Maliia , Pascale Trébon , Yves Sahler , Arnaud Biraben , Anca Nica","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.02.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.02.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluates patients' performances on memory tasks during the afterdischarges (ADs) induced by electrical stimulation (ES) in stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) and compares the results with those of neuropsychological assessment (NPA) in memory evaluation and their predictive value for postoperative memory decline. We reviewed the SEEGs recorded between 1998 and 2022, with bilateral mesial temporal lobe implantations. During the mesial temporal ADs, the patients were evaluated with: the recall of presented objects, the recognition among other objects, and the presence of disorientation in space or time. These performances were compared to the NPA memory scores. For patients who underwent surgery, we evaluated the predictive value of the performance during unilateral mesial temporal AD on postsurgical memory outcomes and compared it with the prediction based on NPA. A total of 65 patients were included. A correlation approaching significance was observed between the NPA results and the performance during the ADs in the non-dominant hemisphere for a recall threshold of .33 (<em>p</em> = .05) and in the dominant side for a recall threshold of .25 (<em>p</em> = .06). For the operated patients, the predictive value of performance during AD for postoperative memory outcome was significant for AD ipsilateral to the surgery at a threshold of .75 (<em>p</em> = .028). It appears that memory performance during mesial temporal AD tends to correlate with the NPA results and can be an additional tool for pre-operative memory assessment. Further dedicated studies are required to validate its more reliable use in surgery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"186 ","pages":"Pages 35-50"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143715768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0