Cortex最新文献

{"title":"Persistent neurocognitive deficits in long COVID: Evidence of structural changes and network abnormalities following mild infection","authors":"Bedia Samanci ,&nbsp;Ulaş Ay ,&nbsp;Haşim Gezegen ,&nbsp;Sanem Sultan Yörük ,&nbsp;Alpay Medetalibeyoğlu ,&nbsp;Elif Kurt ,&nbsp;Erdi Şahin ,&nbsp;Faruk Uğur Doğan ,&nbsp;Mehmet Barbüroğlu ,&nbsp;Başar Bilgiç ,&nbsp;Haşmet Hanağası ,&nbsp;Hakan Gürvit","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.04.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.04.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to investigate the neurocognitive deficits, structural brain alterations, and network abnormalities in individuals who had a mild SARS-CoV-2 infection, with and without brain fog, as a symptom of long COVID. A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 75 participants, categorized into three groups: 24 healthy controls (HCs), 26 COVID-19 survivors without brain fog (woFOG), and 25 with brain fog (wFOG). Neuropsychological assessments included the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test (FCSRT) and Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination–Revised (ACE-R). Structural and functional brain alterations were examined using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI). The wFOG group exhibited significant cognitive impairments, particularly in delayed free recall, attention, memory, and visuospatial skills, compared to both the woFOG and HC groups. Structural MRI analyses revealed reduced gray matter concentrations (GMC) in the left inferior temporal gyrus, left fusiform gyrus, and right orbital gyri in both COVID-19 groups relative to HCs. Additionally, the wFOG group exhibited further GMC reductions in the bilateral caudate nuclei, right putamen/pallidum, and amygdala compared to the woFOG group. rs-fMRI analyses demonstrated altered connectivity patterns in COVID-19 survivors, characterized by increased connectivity in the default mode network and visual networks, alongside decreased connectivity in the dorsal attention network. These findings indicate that even mild COVID-19 can result in persistent neurocognitive deficits, structural brain alterations, and functional network abnormalities, both in individuals with and without brain fog. The observed changes highlight the importance of long-term monitoring and targeted interventions to address potential cognitive and neurological consequences of long COVID.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"187 ","pages":"Pages 98-110"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143895528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cover figure","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S0010-9452(25)00113-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0010-9452(25)00113-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"186 ","pages":"Page e1"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143928613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using non-invasive brain stimulation to modulate performance in visuomotor rotation adaptation: A scoping review","authors":"Long Chen ,&nbsp;Yipeng Liu ,&nbsp;Zhongpeng Wang ,&nbsp;Lei Zhang ,&nbsp;Shengcui Cheng ,&nbsp;Dong Ming","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.04.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.04.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As research on the visuomotor rotation (VMR) adaptation expands its scope from behavioral science to encompass neuropsychological perspectives, an increasing number of studies have employed non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques to explore the specific contributions of different neural structures to VMR adaptation. Despite early studies suggesting that cerebellar stimulation influenced the rate of adaptation and that stimulating primary motor cortex led to an enhanced retention of newly learned adaptation, subsequent studies could not always achieve consistent results. To probe this inconsistency, we systematically comb through past studies and extract numerous details, including paradigm designs, context settings, and modulation protocols in this scoping review. In summary, the paradigm design primarily serves two purposes: to dissociate implicit and explicit adaptation and to assess the retention of motor memory, whilst context settings such as apparatus, movement-related parameters and the information provided for subjects may complicate the modulated neuropsychological processes. We also conclude key NIBS parameters such as target regions and timing in stimulation protocols. Furthermore, we recognize the potential of neurophysiological biomarkers to support future VMR studies that incorporate NIBS and advocate for the use of several newly emerging NIBS techniques to enrich the field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"187 ","pages":"Pages 144-158"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143922095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New perspectives in neuropsychology: From biology to society. A special issue in honour of Béatrice Desgranges (1955–2021)","authors":"Francis Eustache ,&nbsp;Bérengère Guillery ,&nbsp;Grégoria Kalpouzos ,&nbsp;Jean-François Démonet","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.04.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.04.009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"187 ","pages":"Pages 140-143"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143921929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impaired rapid neural face categorization after reversing long-lasting congenital blindness","authors":"José P. Ossandón ,&nbsp;Bruno Rossion ,&nbsp;Giulia Dormal ,&nbsp;Ramesh Kekunnaya ,&nbsp;Brigitte Röder","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.04.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.04.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Transient early visual deprivation in humans impairs the processing of faces more than of other object categories. While configural face processing and face individuation appear to be largely impaired in sight recovery individuals following congenital visual deprivation, their behavioral ability to categorize stimuli as faces has been described as preserved. Here we thoroughly investigated rapid automatic face categorization in individuals who had recovered sight after congenital blindness. Eighteen participants (6 women, 12 men) who had undergone congenital cataract reversal surgery participated in a well-validated electroencephalographic (EEG) experiment with fast periodic visual stimulation (FPVS) to elicit automatic neural face-categorization responses from variable natural images. As normally sighted controls (<em>N</em> = 13) and individuals with reversed developmental cataracts (<em>N</em> = 16), congenital cataract reversal individuals exhibited clear neural face-categorization activity. However, their neural face categorization responses were significantly weaker and delayed. These observations show that previous behavioral studies with explicit tasks lacked sensitivity to uncover altered face categorization in sight-recovery individuals with a history of congenital cataracts. This indicates that early experience is necessary for categorization too. We speculate that altered neural correlates of face categorization result from a lower selectivity of face-selective areas of the ventral occipito-temporal cortex, impeding higher-order face processes such as face identity recognition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"187 ","pages":"Pages 124-139"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143912481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of stimulus type and tempo on sensorimotor synchronization during finger-tapping in cerebellar ataxia: Behavioral and neural evidence","authors":"Lousin Moumdjian ,&nbsp;Peter Feys ,&nbsp;Bart Moens ,&nbsp;Mario Manto ,&nbsp;Pierre Cabaraux ,&nbsp;Bart Van Weijmeersch ,&nbsp;Sonja A. Kotz ,&nbsp;Marc Leman ,&nbsp;Mattia Rosso","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.04.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.04.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sensorimotor synchronization, coordination of movements with external rhythms, occurs daily. Finger-tapping tasks are often used to study biological mechanisms underlying sensorimotor synchronization. This study investigates how deviations in auditory stimulus tempo from spontaneous motor tempo affect sensorimotor synchronization in patients with cerebellar ataxia during active listening and finger-tapping. Specifically, the cerebellum's role in these tasks is investigated by quantifying behavioral and neural dynamics of auditory-motor coupling. Sixteen patients with cerebellar ataxia and 14 healthy controls listened and tapped to music and metronomes at seven tempi (−12%, −8%, −4%, 0%, +4%, +8%, +12% of spontaneous tapping tempo) in randomized order. Sixty-four channel EEG, stimulus beat- and finger-tapping onsets were recorded during each trial. Behavioral synchronization was quantified by synchronization precision and accuracy, whereas neural entrainment was quantified with the stability index. Cerebellar patients displayed higher, more variable spontaneous tapping tempi than controls. Although precision was lower in patients than controls, they achieved high precision values. Differences in synchronizing between metronomes and music were observed for both precision and accuracy, favoring metronomes in both groups. Accuracy was impacted, with lowest asynchrony observed in patients with music, and across groups at the slowest tempi (−12%) and highest tempi (4, 8 and 10%). EEG results revealed greater stability for music during tapping. Although patients with cerebellar ataxia showed synchronization deficits, they could sufficiently synchronize with isochronous metronomes and music containing higher complexity, likely through sensory accumulation as a compensation strategy. These findings support the use of sensorimotor synchronization strategies in rehabilitation for cerebellar disorders.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"187 ","pages":"Pages 111-123"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143895529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring insight into unfamiliar face recognition ability: The case from developmental prosopagnosia","authors":"Jeremy J. Tree,&nbsp;Alex L. Jones","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.03.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.03.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to explore the relationship between face processing ability and individuals' <em>insight</em> into that ability, with a particular focus on those who ‘self-refer’ as having face recognition difficulties; namely, individuals with developmental prosopagnosia (DP). Specifically, the study examines whether self-referred individuals represent a subpopulation with elevated levels of insight into their face recognition performance compared to the general population. Using Bayesian hierarchical modelling, we compared performance across the ‘objective’ Cambridge Face Memory Test (CFMT) and the ‘subjective’ 20-item Prosopagnosia Index (PI20) in self-referred DP individuals (N = 279) and normative populations (N = 1,344)-this statistical approach allows for flexible, probabilistic predictions about performance based on subjective insight and group membership, enabling more nuanced comparisons. Despite hypotheses that self-referring participants might demonstrate superior metacognitive insight, results showed no credible evidence of enhanced alignment between PI20 and CFMT measures in this group compared to normative samples. Overall, these findings underscore the limitations of current diagnostic tools, emphasizing the need for psychometric refinement to address measurement noise and improve the reliability of subjective self-assessments. This work contributes to understanding individual variability in cognitive insight and highlights the challenges of identifying DP based on subjective and objective alignment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"186 ","pages":"Pages 86-98"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143839789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The neural basis of sharing information through goal-directed conversation: A hyperscanning functional magnetic resonance imaging study","authors":"Takahiko Koike ,&nbsp;Shuntaro Okazaki ,&nbsp;Motofumi Sumiya ,&nbsp;Eri Nakagawa ,&nbsp;Masako Hirotani ,&nbsp;Norihiro Sadato","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2024.11.026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2024.11.026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The human brain maintains internal models of physical and social environments, representing an individual’s “subjectivity”. Through conversation, two or more individuals share their models and modify them based on the exchange, a process that represents and is referred to as “intersubjectivity.” To investigate the neural substrates of this dynamic process, hyperscanning functional magnetic resonance imaging was conducted to test the hypothesis that Inter-Brain Synchronization (IBS) in the default mode network (DMN) is involved in representing intersubjectivity. Twenty-four Japanese-speaking participant pairs played maze games over a two-day period. Each participant pair received a different maze, i.e., a maze with a different pathway to its goal. Although pairs shared a maze, each participant in a pair had only partial knowledge of the maze layout and what they knew about the layout differed. Taking turns, participants moved their pieces to their goals. Since each had only partial information about the pathway, effective communication between partners was important. Behavioral data showed participants' conversation about potential maze piece moves significantly increased as the game proceeded, implying that the exchange for such information was critical. Correspondingly, the DMN increased task-related activation, including the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) and the bilateral temporoparietal junction (TPJ), extending through the superior temporal sulcus to the temporal pole and the right middle frontal gyrus. Within these areas, the dmPFC and the right TPJ showed task- and partner-specific IBS throughout all games. Thus, the DMN is likely required for representing intersubjectivity, based on internal models shared through real-time conversations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"187 ","pages":"Pages 74-97"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143887099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neural correlates of risk decision-making: Insights from the balloon analogue risk task and exponential-weight mean-variance model","authors":"Facai Qin ,&nbsp;Lei Hao ,&nbsp;Xianrui Li ,&nbsp;Yixin Gao ,&nbsp;Jiang Qiu ,&nbsp;Dongtao Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.03.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.03.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Risk decision-making involves complex cognitive processes, posing challenges in cognitive neuroscience. This study used the Exponential-Weight Mean-Variance (EWMV) model and intersubject representational similarity analysis (ISRSA) to examine the neural mechanisms of five key processes—prior belief, learning rate, risk preference, loss aversion, and behavioral consistency—during the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART). We identified distinct and overlapping neural substrates across three BART stages. The reward system, including the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) and lateral orbitofrontal cortex (lOFC), influenced risk preferences and flexibility through dynamic outcome assessments. The cognitive control network, including the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) and superior parietal lobule (SPL), regulated risk preferences and behavioral consistency. The default mode network, especially the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), was linked to prior beliefs and risk preferences. Emotional and value-based regions, such as the rostral anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), modulated learning rates and loss aversion, supporting adaptive behavior. This study highlights the interaction of cognitive, emotional, and evaluative processes in risk decision-making, offering insights into the neural substrates of risk-related behaviors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"187 ","pages":"Pages 1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143864697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unisensory visual and auditory objects are processed in olfactory cortex, independently of odor association","authors":"Evelina Thunell ,&nbsp;Moa Peter ,&nbsp;Behzad Iravani ,&nbsp;Danja K. Porada ,&nbsp;Katharina Prenner ,&nbsp;Fahimeh Darki ,&nbsp;Johan N. Lundström","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.04.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Primary sensory cortices have been demonstrated to process sensory input from non-preferred sensory modalities, e.g., primary visual cortex reacting to auditory stimulation, bringing their presumed sensory specificity into question. Whether this reflects processing of the non-preferred stimulus per se or originates from cross-modal associations is debated. Visual/auditory objects typically have strong reciprocal associations; hence, it is difficult to address this question in these modalities. Here, we dissociate between the two competing hypotheses of whether this form of activation in primary cortices is caused by unisensory processing or cross-modal associations by turning to the olfactory system where cross-modal associations are generally weaker. Using unisensory visual and auditory objects with odor associations ranging from none to strong, we show that the posterior piriform cortex, an area known to process odor objects, is activated by both sounds and pictures of objects. Critically, this activation is independent of the objects' odor associations, thereby demonstrating that the activity is not due to cross-modal associations. Using a Floyd–Warshall algorithm, we further show that the amygdala mediate condition-relevant information between the posterior piriform cortex and both the auditory and visual object-oriented cortices. Importantly, we replicate past findings of clear crossmodal processing in the visual and auditory systems. Our study demonstrates processing of non-olfactory input in olfactory cortices that is independent of cross-modal associations and contributes to a more nuanced view of modality specificity in olfactory, auditory, and visual cortices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"186 ","pages":"Pages 74-85"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143839788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}