Cortex最新文献

{"title":"Chronic apathy following a major depressive episode: What is it?","authors":"Alexandre Morin ,&nbsp;Julie Bernard ,&nbsp;Guilhem Carle ,&nbsp;Amelie Ponchel ,&nbsp;Carole Azuar ,&nbsp;Ginevra Uggocioni ,&nbsp;Thomas Mauras ,&nbsp;David Bendetowicz ,&nbsp;Maeva Camus ,&nbsp;Antoine Delcul ,&nbsp;Philippe Fossati ,&nbsp;Laurent Cohen ,&nbsp;Richard Levy","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.04.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.04.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Distinguishing between neurological and psychiatric disorders can be challenging, particularly when apathy serves as the primary symptom, as it is a common manifestation in both neurodegenerative diseases and mood disorders. We present a cohort of 11 patients (7 females and 4 males) aged over 50 years (mean age 61.36 ± 5.870 SD). These individuals exhibited a prolonged and isolated apathy lasting over a year, without concurrent dysthymia, but with a history of a preceding major depressive episode. This article aims to comprehensively profile these patients and to explore whether this condition represents an unconventional clinical presentation of a well-established disorder or introduces a hitherto unrecognized clinical entity. Key characteristics of this group included the following: sustained use of one or more typically effective antidepressant medications during the depressive episode prior to the onset of apathy, with no improvement of apathy during follow-up; a partial response to a single dose of zolpidem; the presence of a dysexecutive syndrome, with minimal or absent neurological signs except for mild extrapyramidal signs in a subset of patients; and the identification of mesial frontal abnormalities in neuroimaging studies (involving atrophy and/or hypoperfusion and/or hypometabolism) in eight patients. Only two patients received a neurological diagnosis during follow-up, characterized by a DAT Scan suggestive of Parkinson's disease. The underlying cause of this syndrome remains uncertain, possibly multifactorial, and yet to be determined. To advance understanding and treatment of this condition, it is imperative for neurologists and psychiatrists to be aware of and recognize this syndrome.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"188 ","pages":"Pages 42-52"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144069248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Persistent neurocognitive deficits in long COVID: Evidence of structural changes and network abnormalities following mild infection","authors":"Bedia Samanci ,&nbsp;Ulaş Ay ,&nbsp;Haşim Gezegen ,&nbsp;Sanem Sultan Yörük ,&nbsp;Alpay Medetalibeyoğlu ,&nbsp;Elif Kurt ,&nbsp;Erdi Şahin ,&nbsp;Faruk Uğur Doğan ,&nbsp;Mehmet Barbüroğlu ,&nbsp;Başar Bilgiç ,&nbsp;Haşmet Hanağası ,&nbsp;Hakan Gürvit","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.04.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.04.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to investigate the neurocognitive deficits, structural brain alterations, and network abnormalities in individuals who had a mild SARS-CoV-2 infection, with and without brain fog, as a symptom of long COVID. A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 75 participants, categorized into three groups: 24 healthy controls (HCs), 26 COVID-19 survivors without brain fog (woFOG), and 25 with brain fog (wFOG). Neuropsychological assessments included the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test (FCSRT) and Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination–Revised (ACE-R). Structural and functional brain alterations were examined using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI). The wFOG group exhibited significant cognitive impairments, particularly in delayed free recall, attention, memory, and visuospatial skills, compared to both the woFOG and HC groups. Structural MRI analyses revealed reduced gray matter concentrations (GMC) in the left inferior temporal gyrus, left fusiform gyrus, and right orbital gyri in both COVID-19 groups relative to HCs. Additionally, the wFOG group exhibited further GMC reductions in the bilateral caudate nuclei, right putamen/pallidum, and amygdala compared to the woFOG group. rs-fMRI analyses demonstrated altered connectivity patterns in COVID-19 survivors, characterized by increased connectivity in the default mode network and visual networks, alongside decreased connectivity in the dorsal attention network. These findings indicate that even mild COVID-19 can result in persistent neurocognitive deficits, structural brain alterations, and functional network abnormalities, both in individuals with and without brain fog. The observed changes highlight the importance of long-term monitoring and targeted interventions to address potential cognitive and neurological consequences of long COVID.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"187 ","pages":"Pages 98-110"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143895528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cover figure","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S0010-9452(25)00113-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0010-9452(25)00113-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"186 ","pages":"Page e1"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143928613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using non-invasive brain stimulation to modulate performance in visuomotor rotation adaptation: A scoping review","authors":"Long Chen ,&nbsp;Yipeng Liu ,&nbsp;Zhongpeng Wang ,&nbsp;Lei Zhang ,&nbsp;Shengcui Cheng ,&nbsp;Dong Ming","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.04.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.04.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As research on the visuomotor rotation (VMR) adaptation expands its scope from behavioral science to encompass neuropsychological perspectives, an increasing number of studies have employed non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques to explore the specific contributions of different neural structures to VMR adaptation. Despite early studies suggesting that cerebellar stimulation influenced the rate of adaptation and that stimulating primary motor cortex led to an enhanced retention of newly learned adaptation, subsequent studies could not always achieve consistent results. To probe this inconsistency, we systematically comb through past studies and extract numerous details, including paradigm designs, context settings, and modulation protocols in this scoping review. In summary, the paradigm design primarily serves two purposes: to dissociate implicit and explicit adaptation and to assess the retention of motor memory, whilst context settings such as apparatus, movement-related parameters and the information provided for subjects may complicate the modulated neuropsychological processes. We also conclude key NIBS parameters such as target regions and timing in stimulation protocols. Furthermore, we recognize the potential of neurophysiological biomarkers to support future VMR studies that incorporate NIBS and advocate for the use of several newly emerging NIBS techniques to enrich the field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"187 ","pages":"Pages 144-158"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143922095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictive responses in the Theory of Mind network: A comparison of autistic and non-autistic adults","authors":"Lucie Zimmer ,&nbsp;Hilary Richardson ,&nbsp;Carolina Pletti ,&nbsp;Markus Paulus ,&nbsp;Tobias Schuwerk","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.04.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.04.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Social cognitive processes, particularly Theory of Mind (ToM) reasoning, appear to differ between autistic and non-autistic individuals. This has been proposed to reflect the autistic core symptomatology of communication and social interaction difficulties. According to the predictive coding theory, autistic individuals' ToM reasoning difficulties arise from an attenuated use of prior information about others' mental states to explain and predict their behavior. This reduced use of prior assumptions makes the social world less predictable for autistic people, causing interactive mismatch and stress. Despite strong theoretical claims, robust and replicable neural differences in ToM brain regions remain elusive. Here, we investigated whether brain regions supporting ToM reasoning anticipate a narrative during repeated exposure (i.e., the narrative anticipation effect) in non-autistic adults (Experiment 1) and tested whether this effect was attenuated in autistic adults (Experiment 2). We presented a short movie with a plot including mental states with associated actions, twice, to 61 non-autistic adults who underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging [Experiment 1: M(SD)_age = 25.9(4.4) years]. In Experiment 2, we used the same protocol with 30 autistic [M(SD)_age = 32.4(10.7) years] and 30 non-autistic adults [M(SD)_age = 33.2(10.1) years]. Analyses revealed no narrative anticipation effect in the ToM network in either group. Exploratory reverse correlation analyses identified a ToM scene that evoked a smaller difference in response between movie viewings (i.e., less repetition suppression) in autistic adults, compared to non-autistic adults. In sum, our study shows that predictive processing in the ToM network during a naturalistic movie-viewing experiment was absent in adults. Subtle differences in a key scene provide preliminary neural evidence for the predictive coding theory and open a promising avenue for future research to better understand the nature of differences in social interaction in autistic adults.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"187 ","pages":"Pages 159-171"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143942356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New perspectives in neuropsychology: From biology to society. A special issue in honour of Béatrice Desgranges (1955–2021)","authors":"Francis Eustache ,&nbsp;Bérengère Guillery ,&nbsp;Grégoria Kalpouzos ,&nbsp;Jean-François Démonet","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.04.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.04.009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"187 ","pages":"Pages 140-143"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143921929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impaired rapid neural face categorization after reversing long-lasting congenital blindness","authors":"José P. Ossandón ,&nbsp;Bruno Rossion ,&nbsp;Giulia Dormal ,&nbsp;Ramesh Kekunnaya ,&nbsp;Brigitte Röder","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.04.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.04.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Transient early visual deprivation in humans impairs the processing of faces more than of other object categories. While configural face processing and face individuation appear to be largely impaired in sight recovery individuals following congenital visual deprivation, their behavioral ability to categorize stimuli as faces has been described as preserved. Here we thoroughly investigated rapid automatic face categorization in individuals who had recovered sight after congenital blindness. Eighteen participants (6 women, 12 men) who had undergone congenital cataract reversal surgery participated in a well-validated electroencephalographic (EEG) experiment with fast periodic visual stimulation (FPVS) to elicit automatic neural face-categorization responses from variable natural images. As normally sighted controls (<em>N</em> = 13) and individuals with reversed developmental cataracts (<em>N</em> = 16), congenital cataract reversal individuals exhibited clear neural face-categorization activity. However, their neural face categorization responses were significantly weaker and delayed. These observations show that previous behavioral studies with explicit tasks lacked sensitivity to uncover altered face categorization in sight-recovery individuals with a history of congenital cataracts. This indicates that early experience is necessary for categorization too. We speculate that altered neural correlates of face categorization result from a lower selectivity of face-selective areas of the ventral occipito-temporal cortex, impeding higher-order face processes such as face identity recognition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"187 ","pages":"Pages 124-139"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143912481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of stimulus type and tempo on sensorimotor synchronization during finger-tapping in cerebellar ataxia: Behavioral and neural evidence","authors":"Lousin Moumdjian ,&nbsp;Peter Feys ,&nbsp;Bart Moens ,&nbsp;Mario Manto ,&nbsp;Pierre Cabaraux ,&nbsp;Bart Van Weijmeersch ,&nbsp;Sonja A. Kotz ,&nbsp;Marc Leman ,&nbsp;Mattia Rosso","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.04.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.04.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sensorimotor synchronization, coordination of movements with external rhythms, occurs daily. Finger-tapping tasks are often used to study biological mechanisms underlying sensorimotor synchronization. This study investigates how deviations in auditory stimulus tempo from spontaneous motor tempo affect sensorimotor synchronization in patients with cerebellar ataxia during active listening and finger-tapping. Specifically, the cerebellum's role in these tasks is investigated by quantifying behavioral and neural dynamics of auditory-motor coupling. Sixteen patients with cerebellar ataxia and 14 healthy controls listened and tapped to music and metronomes at seven tempi (−12%, −8%, −4%, 0%, +4%, +8%, +12% of spontaneous tapping tempo) in randomized order. Sixty-four channel EEG, stimulus beat- and finger-tapping onsets were recorded during each trial. Behavioral synchronization was quantified by synchronization precision and accuracy, whereas neural entrainment was quantified with the stability index. Cerebellar patients displayed higher, more variable spontaneous tapping tempi than controls. Although precision was lower in patients than controls, they achieved high precision values. Differences in synchronizing between metronomes and music were observed for both precision and accuracy, favoring metronomes in both groups. Accuracy was impacted, with lowest asynchrony observed in patients with music, and across groups at the slowest tempi (−12%) and highest tempi (4, 8 and 10%). EEG results revealed greater stability for music during tapping. Although patients with cerebellar ataxia showed synchronization deficits, they could sufficiently synchronize with isochronous metronomes and music containing higher complexity, likely through sensory accumulation as a compensation strategy. These findings support the use of sensorimotor synchronization strategies in rehabilitation for cerebellar disorders.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"187 ","pages":"Pages 111-123"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143895529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring insight into unfamiliar face recognition ability: The case from developmental prosopagnosia","authors":"Jeremy J. Tree,&nbsp;Alex L. Jones","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.03.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.03.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to explore the relationship between face processing ability and individuals' <em>insight</em> into that ability, with a particular focus on those who ‘self-refer’ as having face recognition difficulties; namely, individuals with developmental prosopagnosia (DP). Specifically, the study examines whether self-referred individuals represent a subpopulation with elevated levels of insight into their face recognition performance compared to the general population. Using Bayesian hierarchical modelling, we compared performance across the ‘objective’ Cambridge Face Memory Test (CFMT) and the ‘subjective’ 20-item Prosopagnosia Index (PI20) in self-referred DP individuals (N = 279) and normative populations (N = 1,344)-this statistical approach allows for flexible, probabilistic predictions about performance based on subjective insight and group membership, enabling more nuanced comparisons. Despite hypotheses that self-referring participants might demonstrate superior metacognitive insight, results showed no credible evidence of enhanced alignment between PI20 and CFMT measures in this group compared to normative samples. Overall, these findings underscore the limitations of current diagnostic tools, emphasizing the need for psychometric refinement to address measurement noise and improve the reliability of subjective self-assessments. This work contributes to understanding individual variability in cognitive insight and highlights the challenges of identifying DP based on subjective and objective alignment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"186 ","pages":"Pages 86-98"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143839789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The neural basis of sharing information through goal-directed conversation: A hyperscanning functional magnetic resonance imaging study","authors":"Takahiko Koike ,&nbsp;Shuntaro Okazaki ,&nbsp;Motofumi Sumiya ,&nbsp;Eri Nakagawa ,&nbsp;Masako Hirotani ,&nbsp;Norihiro Sadato","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2024.11.026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2024.11.026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The human brain maintains internal models of physical and social environments, representing an individual’s “subjectivity”. Through conversation, two or more individuals share their models and modify them based on the exchange, a process that represents and is referred to as “intersubjectivity.” To investigate the neural substrates of this dynamic process, hyperscanning functional magnetic resonance imaging was conducted to test the hypothesis that Inter-Brain Synchronization (IBS) in the default mode network (DMN) is involved in representing intersubjectivity. Twenty-four Japanese-speaking participant pairs played maze games over a two-day period. Each participant pair received a different maze, i.e., a maze with a different pathway to its goal. Although pairs shared a maze, each participant in a pair had only partial knowledge of the maze layout and what they knew about the layout differed. Taking turns, participants moved their pieces to their goals. Since each had only partial information about the pathway, effective communication between partners was important. Behavioral data showed participants' conversation about potential maze piece moves significantly increased as the game proceeded, implying that the exchange for such information was critical. Correspondingly, the DMN increased task-related activation, including the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) and the bilateral temporoparietal junction (TPJ), extending through the superior temporal sulcus to the temporal pole and the right middle frontal gyrus. Within these areas, the dmPFC and the right TPJ showed task- and partner-specific IBS throughout all games. Thus, the DMN is likely required for representing intersubjectivity, based on internal models shared through real-time conversations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"187 ","pages":"Pages 74-97"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143887099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}