Cortex最新文献

{"title":"Neurocognitive processes in mental scene construction: Opening editorial","authors":"David G. Pearson , Paolo Bernardis , Peter Bright","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.06.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.06.009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"189 ","pages":"Pages 275-278"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144605611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional differentiation between cerebral and cerebellar white matter in word decoding and automaticity: a diffusion MRI study","authors":"Yue Wei ,&nbsp;Li Ling ,&nbsp;Shi Kuang Liu ,&nbsp;Yue-Jia Luo ,&nbsp;Hehui Li","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.06.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.06.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The involvement of both the cerebrum and the cerebellum in reading processes has been acknowledged in previous research, yet their specific contributions remained unclear. In this study, we employed machine learning techniques and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to elucidate the respective roles of the cerebrum and the cerebellum in reading in adult readers (<em>n</em> = 109, 63 females, mean age = 21 years). We discovered that fractional anisotropy (FA) across the entire brain effectively differentiated good readers from those with poorer reading abilities. Furthermore, compared to the FA within the cerebellum, FA within the cerebrum demonstrated superior performance in identifying readers with better word decoding abilities. In contrast, compared to FA within the cerebellum, the model based on cerebro-cerebellar FA was more effective in distinguishing readers with varying levels of automaticity. These findings were validated through diverse methods, including brain-behavioral association analysis, support vector machine algorithms, and logistic regression. Our results provide evidence for a functional differentiation between the cerebrum and the cerebellum in word reading. Specifically, cerebral white matters are closely associated with word decoding abilities, whereas cerebro-cerebellar connections appear to play a role in supporting automatized skills.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"190 ","pages":"Pages 131-145"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144614282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reduced temporal organization of narrative recall in adults with moderate-severe traumatic brain injury","authors":"Sharice Clough ,&nbsp;Melissa J. Evans ,&nbsp;Melissa C. Duff ,&nbsp;Sarah Brown-Schmidt","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.06.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.06.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Narrative discourse impairments are well documented in individuals with moderate-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Studies of narrative discourse (i.e., story generation, story retelling) in this population have frequently focused on impairment of semantic relations across utterances and the larger discourse context (e.g., cohesion, coherence, story grammar). Less attention has been given to the temporal organization of narrative retelling in TBI. We applied temporal contiguity analyses, a technique traditionally used to characterize temporal organization of free recall of wordlists, to quantify the temporal organization of participants' story retellings with respect to the order in which the narrator originally presented the story details. We also conducted a parallel analysis of temporal contiguity of wordlist recall using data from the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning test. Participants with moderate-severe TBI and non-injured peers demonstrated above chance temporal organization and a tendency to make short transitions in the forward direction when recalling items in both the narrative recall and wordlist recall task. However, these effects were significantly reduced in the TBI group. Overall, their free recall performance was less temporally clustered, and they were more likely to make larger jumps between story details (or words in the wordlist recall task) than their non-injured peers when recalling stories. Examining free recall at multiple timepoints revealed that while repetition (i.e., multiple presentations of the wordlist) increased temporal organization of recall, long delays (i.e., one week) decreased temporal organization for both the TBI and non-injured groups. We propose that reduced temporal organization of narrative recall in individuals with moderate-severe TBI is linked to impairments in the declarative relational memory system. In line with retrieved-context models of free recall, memory disruption not only impacts the total number of story details recalled, but also the ability to use temporal context to encode and retrieve items in a sequentially organized way.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"190 ","pages":"Pages 86-109"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144605072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effective neural connectivity deficits during speech auditory feedback processing in post-stroke aphasia: An fMRI study","authors":"Kimaya Sarmukadam ,&nbsp;Vahid Nejati ,&nbsp;Roozbeh Behroozmand","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.06.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.06.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Post-stroke aphasia often results in significant impairments in speech production and auditory processing, necessitating a deeper understanding of the underlying neural connectivity within sensorimotor networks. In this study, we investigated neural connectivity within sensorimotor networks in individuals with post-stroke aphasia (<em>n</em> = 16) compared to neurotypical controls (<em>n</em> = 16). Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data were acquired during speaking and listening tasks, accompanied by normal or randomly pitch-shifted (±100 cents) altered auditory feedback across trials. Dynamic causal modeling and parametric empirical bayes methods were used to analyze effective connectivity. The analysis revealed significant alterations in intrinsic and extrinsic connectivity patterns, indicating primarily decreased connectivity in the aphasia group during listening and mixed modulation during speaking. Notably, increased self-inhibition was observed in the left precentral gyrus (PrCG), suggesting impaired feedforward mechanisms essential for speech production. Additionally, functional reorganization was evident, with increased connectivity from the right PrCG to the right superior temporal gyrus, reflecting potentially compensatory processes following left-hemisphere damage. These findings contribute to the growing evidence of an impaired and redistributed bilateral speech networks following left-hemisphere stroke. Our data emphasizes the importance of examining the receptive and productive aspects of speech impairment within sensorimotor networks for aphasia treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"190 ","pages":"Pages 68-85"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144596275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling interpersonal discomfort ratings in third-person settings: An exploratory study","authors":"Olena V. Bogdanova ,&nbsp;Anouck Amestoy ,&nbsp;Jean-René Cazalets ,&nbsp;Fadila Hadj-Bouziane ,&nbsp;Volodymyr B. Bogdanov","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.06.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.06.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>“Personal” and “peripersonal” spaces are two concepts describing the space close to the body. Intrusion of others into the personal space, provokes a feeling of discomfort; responses to objects situated within peripersonal space are facilitated. Facilitation of responses within peripersonal space typically follow a sigmoid trend, with a sharp increase around a central point, that is defined as its boundary. We explored if intrusion into personal space makes such a steep transition in discomfort and whether the distance of this transition is related to personality traits.</div><div>A computerized discomfort judgement task was administered to 45 participants. Each trial presented two full-height human silhouettes facing each other on a screen, separated by simulated distances from 200 to 16 cm, based on an assumed silhouette height of 175 cm. The order of presentation of 12 interpersonal distances, from longest to shortest, created an impression of approach. For each trial, participants imaged themselves as one of the two silhouettes and rated their discomfort. The individual response medians for each distance were approximated using sigmoid, linear or power law functions. The central points of inflection for individual sigmoid functions were calculated and correlated with participants' scores for social anxiety, the Big Five Inventory, and motor (dis)coordination.</div><div>Discomfort ratings increased as the simulated distance between silhouettes decreased. The obtained sequences of rating medians were approximated more efficiently with sigmoid compared to linear or power law functions in 38 participants. More distant central points can be associated with higher social anxiety, dyspraxia and neuroticism, and lower agreeableness.</div><div>The sigmoid shape of discomfort changes indeed mirrors that of peripersonal space boundaries, but this resemblance remains speculative and requires further investigation to clarify whether common mechanisms are involved. Discomfort judgments based on internal subjective feelings may serve as a quantitative proxy for personal distance limits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"190 ","pages":"Pages 231-241"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144662783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The timecourse of inter-object contextual facilitation","authors":"Genevieve L. Quek ,&nbsp;Alexandra Theodorou ,&nbsp;Marius V. Peelen","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.05.020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.05.020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-level vision is frequently studied at the level of either individual objects or whole scenes. An intermediate level of visual organisation that has received less attention is the “object constellation” – a familiar configuration of contextually-associated objects (e.g., <em>plate + spoon</em>). Recent behavioural studies have shown that information from multiple objects can be integrated to support observers' high-level understanding of a “scene” and its constituent objects. Here we used EEG in human participants (both sexes) to test when the visual system integrates information across objects to support recognition, using representations of objects' real-world size as a proxy for recognition. We briefly presented masked object constellations consisting of object silhouettes of either large (e.g., <em>chair + table</em>) or small (e.g., <em>plate + spoon</em>) real-world size, while independently varying retinal size. As a control, observers also viewed each silhouette in isolation. If object context facilitates object recognition, real-world size should be inferred more effectively when the objects appear in their contextually-associated pairs than in isolation, leading to the emergence of real-world size information in multivariate EEG patterns. Representational similarity analysis revealed that neural activity patterns captured information about the real-world size of object constellations from ∼200 msec after stimulus onset. This representation was stronger for, and specific to, object pairs as compared to single objects, and remained significant after regressing out visual similarity models derived from computational models. These results provide evidence for inter-object facilitation of visual processing, leading to a qualitatively different high-level representation of object pairs than single objects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"190 ","pages":"Pages 38-53"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144570795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationships between classifier-quantified priming effects in ERPs and face cognition abilities: Contributions of task difficulty and latency variability","authors":"Yilin Li ,&nbsp;Werner Sommer ,&nbsp;Andrea Hildebrandt ,&nbsp;Liang Tian ,&nbsp;Changsong Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.06.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.06.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Previous research has consistently shown that individual differences in face cognition abilities correlate with repetition priming-induced amplitude changes in event-related potentials, known as the early repetition effect (or N250r). However, the association with subsequent priming effects (e.g., N400) remains unclear, although this is crucial for understanding the cognitive significance of these different effects. This gap in knowledge may be due to factors such as different paradigms or latency variability. In our recently published classifier-based analysis, we described the impact of latency variability across trials, conditions, and participants on priming effects. Building on these findings, the present analysis used the classification performance of deep neural networks for each participant as an indicator in structural equation models to explore the relationships between priming effects and face cognition abilities. We investigated how these relationships were affected by task difficulty and latency variability. Through our RIDE-based stepwise latency correction method, we found a substantial association between the N250r and face cognition speed, while the N400 was more closely associated with face memory accuracy. Notably, these relationships were significantly stronger in difficult than in easy ERP tasks. Correction for latency shifts between primed and unprimed conditions eliminated the associations between ERP amplitudes and face cognition abilities, indicating that latency shift is a major factor driving brain-behavior relationships. Our results suggest that classifier-quantified priming effects provide an advanced and useful measure for modeling brain-behavior relationships in face cognition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"190 ","pages":"Pages 54-67"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144570796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does pupillometry provide a valid measure of spatial attentional bias (pseudoneglect)?","authors":"Nicola E. Burns,&nbsp;Vlad Grigoraș,&nbsp;James G. Barrie,&nbsp;Robert D. McIntosh","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.06.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.06.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Strauch et al. (2022) introduced a novel approach to assess biases of visual attention, by measuring pupillary constriction in response to split-field stimuli, in which a bright patch is presented to one visual field and a dark patch to the other. Their study suggested that pupillary constriction is more pronounced in response to bright stimuli in the left visual field compared to the right, consistent with a neurotypical attentional bias towards the left side (pseudoneglect). This pupillometric bias was also found to correlate with performance on the greyscales task, an established behavioural measure of pseudoneglect. The present study sought to replicate these findings, and investigated the influence of the eye of recording on the pupillary constriction bias measured by this split-field method (<em>n</em> = 80). There was a major influence of the eye of recording, whereby each pupil constricted more to light in the ipsilateral than the contralateral visual field (<em>d</em> = 1.67). Averaging across the eyes, we confirmed stronger pupillary constriction to bright stimuli in the left compared to the right visual field (pseudoneglect), but with a small effect size (<em>d</em> = −.31). While the split-field paradigm does detect pseudoneglect, it does not seem to be especially sensitive, and large sample sizes may be required to detect this subtle bias. However, the method may hold promise for studying stronger attentional biases, such as those seen in spatial neglect.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"190 ","pages":"Pages 21-37"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144534535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Directed transfer of information in theta networks: Timing and its role in managing distractions during action control","authors":"Yifan Hao ,&nbsp;Nicolas Münster ,&nbsp;Bernhard Pastötter ,&nbsp;Nasibeh Talebi ,&nbsp;Tobias Bäumer ,&nbsp;Alexander Münchau ,&nbsp;Christian Frings ,&nbsp;Christian Beste","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.06.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.06.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Goal-directed behavior seems to unfold effortlessly, but everyday experience tells us that goal-directed acting can become complicated when confronted with distracting information. Yet, the neural underpinnings of how distracting information affects response selection is still contentious, especially when taking the stance of theoretical frameworks on perception-action integration processes. We show that particularly theta band activity in a ventral stream-parietal network plays a key role in managing distracting information during response selection. While our findings demonstrate bidirectional interactions between these regions, they are consistent with the idea that theta-related communication may support the integration of distracting information across hierarchical processing levels. A decisive factor modulating this dynamic is the timing of distractor and response relevant information. It determines the patterning of cortical activity and how the information transfer between cortical regions is organized. The findings highlight the critical role of theta activity in the directed transfer of information between cortical regions for how distractions influence response selection, thereby offering new insights into the neural basis of perception-action integration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"189 ","pages":"Pages 242-255"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144481657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brain-wide decoding of numbers and letters: Converging evidence from multivariate fMRI analysis and probabilistic meta-analysis","authors":"Ruizhe Liu ,&nbsp;Hyesang Chang ,&nbsp;Dawlat El-Said ,&nbsp;Demian Wassermann ,&nbsp;Yuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Vinod Menon","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.04.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.04.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Previous studies exploring category-sensitive representations of numbers and letters have predominantly focused on individual brain regions. This study expands upon this research through computationally rigorous whole-brain neural decoding using Elastic Net (ND-EN), facilitating the analysis of neural patterns across the entire brain with greater precision. To establish the robustness and generalizability of our results, we also conducted innovative probabilistic meta-analyses of the extant functional neuroimaging literature. The investigation comprised both an active task, requiring participants to distinguish between numbers and letters, and a passive task where they simply viewed these symbols. ND-EN revealed that, during the active task, a distributed network—including the ventral temporal-occipital cortex, intraparietal sulcus, middle frontal gyrus, and insula—actively differentiated between numbers and letters. This distinction was not evident in the passive task, indicating that the task engagement level plays a crucial role in such neural differentiation. Further, regional neural representational similarity analyses within the ventral temporal-occipital cortex revealed similar activation patterns for numbers and letters, indicating a lack of differentiation in regions previously linked to these visual symbols. Thus, our findings indicate that category-sensitive representations of numbers and letters are not confined to isolated regions but involve a broader network of brain areas, and are modulated by task demands. Supporting these empirical findings, probabilistic meta-analyses conducted with NeuroLang and the Neurosynth database reinforced our observations. Together, the convergence of evidence from multivariate neural pattern analysis and meta-analysis advances our understanding of how numbers and letters are represented in the human brain.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"189 ","pages":"Pages 256-274"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144489685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}