Cortex最新文献

{"title":"Poststroke action slowing increases with task complexity and is linked to broader brain recruitment","authors":"Olivier Godefroy ,&nbsp;Sandrine Canaple ,&nbsp;Pierre-Andrea Cervellera ,&nbsp;Jeremy Neel ,&nbsp;Sophie Tasseel-Ponche ,&nbsp;Ardalan Aarabi ,&nbsp;Mickael Aubignat ,&nbsp;Martine Roussel ,&nbsp;GRECogVASC study group","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2024.12.024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2024.12.024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite its high prevalence, the mechanisms of slowing in stroke remain surprisingly poorly understood. Our objectives were (1) to determine the profile of slowing as a function of test complexity and (2) to examine the relationship between this complexity effect, test sensitivity and the recruitment of brain areas. The study focused on the 371 stroke patients and 581 controls of the GRECogVASC study assessed with eight time-limited tests: finger tapping, simple reaction time, line cancellation, Trail Making Test parts A and B, coding, and semantic and phonemic fluency tests. Action speed of patients was slower than that of controls (<em>p</em> = .0001); slowing worsened with test complexity (<em>p</em> = .0001) by 7.7% at each step of increasing complexity. The highest test sensitivity was observed (<em>p</em> = .0001) for more complex tests. The number of lesioned voxels associated with action speed increased with test complexity. The sensitivity of the tests roughly paralleled (<em>p</em> = .007) the volume of recruited brain areas. The individual slopes of action duration with test complexity correlated with the volume of lesion (<em>p</em> = .002), white matter hyperintensities (<em>p</em> = .0001) and parenchymal brain fraction (<em>p</em> = .0001). The effect of stroke on slowing is due both to small slowing on simple tests and to a general slowing of processing speed. The test sensitivity reflects the size of recruited brain network and its proportional vulnerability to lesion. In addition to their clinical implications, these results shed light on the organization of the systems that optimize action speed in humans.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"184 ","pages":"Pages 287-297"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143377667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical cognition across the lifespan: A selective review of key developmental stages and neural, cognitive, and affective underpinnings","authors":"Mikael Skagenholt ,&nbsp;Kenny Skagerlund ,&nbsp;Ulf Träff","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.01.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.01.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Numerical cognition constitutes a set of hierarchically related skills and abilities that develop–and may subsequently begin to decline–over developmental time. An innate “number sense” has long been argued to provide a foundation for the development of increasingly complex and applied numerical cognition, such as symbolic numerical reference, arithmetic, and financial literacy. However, evidence for a direct link between basic perceptual mechanisms that allow us to determine numerical magnitude (e.g., “how many” objects are in front of us and whether some of these are of a “greater” or “lesser” quantity), and later symbolic applications for counting and mathematics, has recently been challenged. Understanding how one develops an increasingly precise sense of number and which neurocognitive mechanisms support arithmetic development and achievement is crucial for developing successful mathematics curricula, supporting individual financial literacy and decision-making, and designing appropriate intervention and remediation programs for mathematical learning disabilities as well as mathematics anxiety. The purpose of this review is to provide a broad overview of the cognitive, neural, and affective underpinnings of numerical cognition–spanning the earliest hours of infancy to senior adulthood–and highlight gaps in our knowledge that remain to be addressed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"184 ","pages":"Pages 263-286"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143196212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pleasant touch: Behavioural and hemodynamic responses to a protocol for systematic assessment of tactile stimulation","authors":"Simona Abagnale ,&nbsp;Francesco Panico ,&nbsp;Laura Sagliano ,&nbsp;Olivia Gosseries ,&nbsp;Luigi Trojano","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.01.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pleasant touch is a form of tactile stimulation mediated by tactile C afferent fibres. It involves the encoding of the emotional value associated with tactile stimulation and subserves important social functions. Although pleasant touch has gathered increased interest in recent years, no protocol has been proposed to assess it with a robust and reliable method. In the present study we adopted a rigorous protocol for evaluating the pleasantness or unpleasantness of 9 tactile (pleasant, unpleasant, or neutral) stimuli delivered on eight body areas in healthy individuals. We recorded participants' ratings on pleasantness and intensity of the stimulus, as well as their activity in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) by functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). A questionnaire evaluated participants' subjective experience of touch in everyday life. The behavioural results confirmed the effectiveness of the protocol as the stimuli selected to evoke pleasantness were perceived as significantly more pleasant than unpleasant and neutral ones, whereas unpleasant stimuli were perceived as more intense than all other stimuli. The participants reported the palm of the hand, particularly the left one, as the most sensitive area to tactile stimulation. Judgements of pleasantness were positively correlated with subjective experience of touch in everyday life. fNIRS data showed increased activity in the prefrontal cortex particularly during stimulation with pleasant and unpleasant stimuli, consistent with behavioural findings. Overall, this study contributes to understand the processing of pleasant touch and its neural correlates, while introducing a rigorous protocol for investigating tactile stimulation. This protocol holds promise for future utilisation in both healthy and clinical populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"184 ","pages":"Pages 236-249"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143163960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Allocation of spatial attention in human visual cortex as a function of endogenous cue validity","authors":"William Narhi-Martinez ,&nbsp;Yong Min Choi ,&nbsp;Blaire Dube ,&nbsp;Julie D. Golomb","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Several areas of visual cortex contain retinotopic maps of the visual field, and neuroimaging studies have shown that covert attentional guidance will result in increases of activity within the regions representing attended locations. However, little research has been done to directly compare neural activity for different types of attentional cues. Here, we used fMRI to investigate how retinotopically-specific cortical activity would be modulated depending on whether we provided deterministic or probabilistic spatial information. On each trial, a four-item memory array was presented and participants' memory for one of the items would later be probed. Critically, trials began with a foveally-presented endogenous cue that was either 100% valid (deterministic runs), 70% valid (probabilistic runs), or neutral. By dividing visual cortex into quadrant-specific regions of interest (qROIs), we could examine how attention was spatially distributed across the visual field within each trial, depending on cue type and delay. During the anticipatory period <em>prior</em> to the memory array, we found increased activation at the cued location compared to noncued locations, with surprisingly comparable levels of facilitation for both deterministic and probabilistic cues. However, we found significantly greater facilitation on deterministic relative to probabilistic trials following the onset of the memory array, with only deterministic cue-related facilitation persisting through the presentation of the probe. These findings reveal how cue validity can drive differential allocations of neural resources over time across cued and noncued locations, and that the allocation of attention should not be assumed to invariably scale alongside the validity of a cue.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"185 ","pages":"Pages 4-19"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143388415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revisiting the boundaries of different altered accents profiles","authors":"Marcelo L. Berthier ,&nbsp;Ignacio Moreno-Torres ,&nbsp;Jo Verhoeven ,&nbsp;Guadalupe Dávila","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.01.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A speaker’s accent is regarded as an essential aspect of their identity to the extent that its abnormal modulation may have several negative consequences. Although the so-called foreign accent syndrome (FAS) is the best-known impairment, other altered accent profiles (AAPs) are likely to be more common and often go undiagnosed. Despite significant progress during the last two decades, several consequences of AAPs have yet to be systematically evaluated. Moreover, a common finding in several previous reports is the incompleteness of diagnostic work-up and the rarity of studies reporting longitudinal evolution and treatment approaches. In disorders with presumed low prevalence like AAPs, it is imperative to carry out a comprehensive analysis, documenting not only the altered accent profiles but also the neural correlates and associated disorders affecting cognition, behaviour, quality of life, and outcomes after treatment. This article highlights how to move forward in the multimodal evaluation of altered accents by integrating information from different sources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"184 ","pages":"Pages 209-220"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143074076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emotional past and future events after pulvinar damage: A neuropsychological case series","authors":"Scott Cole ,&nbsp;Karl Szpunar ,&nbsp;Roland Benoit ,&nbsp;Christine Bastin ,&nbsp;Daniel Schacter ,&nbsp;Robert Rafal ,&nbsp;Oliver Turnbull","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2024.12.021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2024.12.021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The pulvinar nucleus represents a key neural structure involved in signalling emotional content in the domain of visual perception, whereas its role in the processing of simulated emotional events is less clear. fMRI research has hinted at a role for the pulvinar in imagined emotional scenarios, but the evidence is mixed and this proposal has yet to be tested using the lesion study method. In this study, 3 patients with unilateral lesions to the pulvinar, and 10 matched control participants, completed a set of well-established tasks that required them to think about emotional past and future events. This procedure allowed for a comprehensive evaluation of emotional past and future thinking, using both subjective and objective measures. The results indicate that, relative to controls, processing of emotional past and future events is not impaired in patients with unilateral pulvinar nucleus lesions. However, outcomes of this study should be interpreted in the context of the volume, lateralisation and location of pulvinar lesions in these cases. These data have implications for understanding of the processing of emotionally-salient stimuli in the context of pulvinar damage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"184 ","pages":"Pages 221-235"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143074121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to \"Overlapping but separate number representations in the intraparietal sulcus-Probing format- and modality-independence in sighted Braille readers\" [Cortex 162 (May 2023) 65-80].","authors":"Marcin Szwed","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2024.12.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2024.12.015","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143001622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring specific alterations at the explicit and perceptual levels in sense of ownership, agency, and body schema in Functional Motor Disorder: A pilot comparative study with Irritable Bowel Syndrome","authors":"Veronica Nisticò ,&nbsp;Francesca Conte ,&nbsp;Ileana Rossetti ,&nbsp;Neofytos Ilia ,&nbsp;Adriano Iacono ,&nbsp;Giovanni Broglia ,&nbsp;Silvia Scaravaggi ,&nbsp;Claudio Sanguineti ,&nbsp;Francesco Lombardi ,&nbsp;Laura Mangiaterra ,&nbsp;Roberta Tedesco ,&nbsp;Alessia Campomori ,&nbsp;Martina Molinari ,&nbsp;Roberta Elisa Rossi ,&nbsp;Alessandro Repici ,&nbsp;Alberto Priori ,&nbsp;Lucia Ricciardi ,&nbsp;Francesca Morgante ,&nbsp;Mark J. Edwards ,&nbsp;Angelo Maravita ,&nbsp;Benedetta Demartini","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2024.12.023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2024.12.023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Functional Motor Disorders (FMD) consists in symptoms of altered motor function not attributable to typical neurological and medical conditions. This study aimed to explore explicit and perceptual measures of Sense of Ownership, Agency, and Body Schema in FMD patients, and assess whether these alterations are specific to FMD or shared with other functional disturbances. Twelve FMD patients, ten with Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS, a functional gastrointestinal disorder) and fifteen healthy controls (HC) underwent: (i) the Mirror Box Illusion (MBI), requiring participants to perform tapping movements with their dominant hand concealed from sight, while visual feedback was provided by an alien hand under visuo-motor congruency or incongruency conditions; (ii) a Forearm Bisection Task before and after exposure to the MBI, and the Embodiment Questionnaire after the MBI, as perceptual and explicit indices of the embodiment illusion, respectively. At the Embodiment Questionnaire, all groups self-reported embodiment of the alien hand only under visuo-motor congruency; at the perceptual level, HC showed the expected distalized drift (an “elongated” arm in the Body Schema) under visuo-motor congruency, while FMD and IBS patients did not. FMD patients showed a proximalized drift when sensory feedback mismatched, possibly reflecting reliance on altered priors to avoid losing control over their movement. Results in IBS patients suggest Body Schema alterations differ across functional syndromes. In conclusion, we found that explicit Sense of Ownership and Agency are preserved in FMD and IBS patients, but dissociate from their implicit measures, differing in degree according to the specific disturbance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"184 ","pages":"Pages 106-119"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143036992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trajectories of intrinsic connectivity one year post pediatric mild traumatic brain injury: Neural injury superimposed on neurodevelopment","authors":"Harm J. van der Horn ,&nbsp;Tracey V. Wick ,&nbsp;Josef M. Ling ,&nbsp;Jessica R. McQuaid ,&nbsp;Upasana Nathaniel ,&nbsp;Samuel D. Miller ,&nbsp;Divyasree Sasi Kumar ,&nbsp;Vadim Zotev ,&nbsp;Andrei A. Vakhtin ,&nbsp;Sephira G. Ryman ,&nbsp;Joana Cabral ,&nbsp;John P. Phillips ,&nbsp;Richard A. Campbell ,&nbsp;Robert E. Sapien ,&nbsp;Andrew R. Mayer","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2024.12.022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2024.12.022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The developing brain undergoes rapid changes throughout middle childhood and adolescence. The disambiguation of long-term changes in intrinsic activity following pediatric mild traumatic brain injury (pmTBI) from typical development can therefore only be ascertained in longitudinal studies with large sample size and at least three serial assessments. A comprehensive clinical battery and resting-state fMRI data were collected approximately 1-week (<em>N</em> = 263; 8-18 years old), 4-months (<em>N</em> = 192) and 1-year (<em>N</em> = 153) post-injury, with identical visits in a large cohort (<em>N</em> = 228) of age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HC). Results indicated persistent frontocerebellar and thalamic connectivity changes up to 1-year post-injury in pmTBI relative to controls (<em>P</em>'s &lt; .001), with similar longitudinal connectivity trajectories (i.e., typical neurodevelopment). Alterations in precuneal midline connectivity (<em>p</em>'s &lt; .05) and occupancy of a default mode/limbic dynamic brain state were present only up to 4-months (<em>p</em>'s &lt; .001) rather than 1-year (<em>p</em>'s &gt; .44) post-injury. However, absent group differences at 1-year post-injury may be explained as pseudo-normalization due to altered longitudinal connectivity trajectories in pmTBI associated with neurodevelopment. Persistent alterations of precuneal connectivity were also associated with lower executive function and long-term memory scores. In conclusion, pmTBI may result in chronic changes to both static and dynamic intrinsic connectivity which further interact with typical neurodevelopment. Longer follow-up studies may be needed to unravel this interaction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"184 ","pages":"Pages 120-130"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143037070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neural circuit mapping of waiting impulsivity and proactive inhibition with convergent evidence from fMRI and TMS","authors":"Kwangyeol Baek ,&nbsp;Nikolina Skandali ,&nbsp;Samantha N. Sallie ,&nbsp;Saurabh Sonkusare ,&nbsp;Alekhya Mandali ,&nbsp;Valentin Ritou ,&nbsp;Violeta Casero ,&nbsp;Valerie Voon","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2024.12.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2024.12.019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objectives</h3><div>Waiting and stopping are essential and distinct elements of motor response inhibition. Waiting impulsivity has been traditionally studied in humans with choice serial reaction time tasks. Proactive stopping is one form of stopping relevant to waiting impulsivity and the neural substrates underlying their interaction are not well defined.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted two separate, but hierarchical studies. In the first we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), a choice reaction time task and a novel proactive stopping task, in <em>N</em> = 41 healthy volunteers to map the overlapping neural circuit involved in waiting impulsivity and proactive stopping. In the second study, we aimed to provide mechanistic and causal evidence that disruption of this circuit with continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS; an inhibitory repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation protocol) affected waiting impulsivity. We recruited <em>N</em> = 51 healthy, right-handed volunteers in a single-blind, randomized, between-subjects design who were randomly allocated to stimulation (<em>N</em> = 26) and sham (<em>N</em> = 25) groups and subsequently performed a choice reaction time task.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In the first study, we showed; 1. a shared neural network comprising the pre- supplementary motor area and bilateral anterior insula underlying both waiting impulsivity and proactive stopping, and 2. activity in dorsomedial prefrontal cortex and left inferior frontal gyrus negatively correlated with waiting impulsivity in trials with additional target onset delay. In the second study, we demonstrated that inactivation of the left inferior frontal gyrus using cTBS significantly increased waiting impulsivity in a choice reaction time task.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our findings highlight the relevance of task design in assessing motor response inhibition and the role of the left inferior frontal gyrus integrity and related neural circuitry in waiting impulsivity and proactive stopping. We also leverage the use of convergent evidence from multi-modal investigation tools in addressing the causal neural areas underlying distinct forms of impulsivity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"184 ","pages":"Pages 194-208"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143163420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}