Cortex最新文献_第3页

Cognitive control & the anterior cingulate cortex: Necessity & coherence.

IF 3.2 2区心理学

Cortex Pub Date : 2024-11-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2024.11.010

Lisa Cipolotti, Joe Mole, James K Ruffle, Amy Nelson, Robert Gray, Parashkev Nachev

引用次数: 0

Imagery and perception in acquired prosopagnosia: Functional variants and their relation to structure.

IF 3.2 2区心理学

Cortex Pub Date : 2024-11-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2024.11.011

Jason J S Barton, Brad Duchaine, Andrea Albonico

{"title":"Imagery and perception in acquired prosopagnosia: Functional variants and their relation to structure.","authors":"Jason J S Barton, Brad Duchaine, Andrea Albonico","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2024.11.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2024.11.011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Current models of face perception and the face-processing network suggest that acquired prosopagnosia may not be a single disorder but rather a family of variants differing in mechanism. It has been proposed that tests of face perception and face imagery can probe component processes to support apperceptive, associative, and amnestic distinctions. However, validating this proposal is hampered by the rarity of this condition. Here we report observations gathered over two-and-a-half decades on the perception of facial shape and the imagery for famous faces of twenty-three patients. Patients with lesions limited to the occipitotemporal lobes had an apperceptive profile, with impaired perception of facial shape but no or mild deficits for face imagery. The apperceptive defect affected not just configuration but also feature size and external contour, especially in the upper face, and was more severe when subjects attended to multiple aspects of the face. An amnestic profile, with severely impaired imagery and minimally affected perception, was seen in two patients, one with right and one with bilateral anterior temporal damage. Four patients had an apperceptive/amnestic combination, all with bilateral occipitotemporal and right anterior temporal damage. Right anterior temporal damage alone often caused only mild imagery deficits: along with their relatively intact face perception, these subjects came closest to meeting proposed exclusionary criteria for an associative variant, i.e., relative preservation of both imagery and perception. These results confirm a link between apperceptive prosopagnosia and occipitotemporal lesions. Damage to the right anterior temporal lobe was common to all with a severe amnestic deficit, but often requiring additional damage.</p>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142791213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Don't think of a pink elephant: Individual differences in visualisation predict involuntary imagery and its neural correlates

IF 3.2 2区心理学

Cortex Pub Date : 2024-11-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2024.10.020

Derek H. Arnold , Mary Hutchinson , Loren N. Bouyer , D. Samuel Schwarzkopf , Elizabeth Pellicano , Blake W. Saurels

{"title":"Don't think of a pink elephant: Individual differences in visualisation predict involuntary imagery and its neural correlates","authors":"Derek H. Arnold , Mary Hutchinson , Loren N. Bouyer , D. Samuel Schwarzkopf , Elizabeth Pellicano , Blake W. Saurels","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2024.10.020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2024.10.020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There are substantial differences in the capacity of people to have imagined visual experiences, ranging from a lifelong inability (Congenital Aphantasia) to people who report having imagined experiences that are as vivid as actually seeing (Hyper-Phantasia). While Congenital Aphantasia has typically been framed as a cognitive deficit, it is possible that a weak or absent ability to have imagined visual sensations is balanced by a heightened resistance to intrusive thoughts – which are experienced as an imagined sensation. Here, we report on a direct test of that proposition. We asked people to either imagine, or to try <em>not</em> to imagine having a range of audio and visual experiences while we recorded their brain activity with electroencephalography (EEG). Ratings describing the subjective vividness of different people's voluntary visualisations predicted if they would also report having involuntary visualisations – such as an imagined experience of seeing a pink elephant when they were asked not to. Both the prevalence of different people's involuntary visualisations and the typical vividness of their visualisations could be predicted by neural correlates of disinhibition, working memory, and neural feedback. Our data suggest that the propensity of people to have involuntary visual experiences can scale with the subjective intensity of their typical experiences of visualisation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"183 ","pages":"Pages 53-65"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142745002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A taxometric analysis of developmental prosopagnosia: Evidence for a categorically distinct impairment.

IF 3.2 2区心理学

Cortex Pub Date : 2024-11-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2024.10.021

Sarah Bate, Emma Portch, Rachel J Bennetts, Benjamin A Parris

{"title":"A taxometric analysis of developmental prosopagnosia: Evidence for a categorically distinct impairment.","authors":"Sarah Bate, Emma Portch, Rachel J Bennetts, Benjamin A Parris","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2024.10.021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2024.10.021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Poor performance on cognitive assessment tasks may indicate a selective 'impairment'. However, it is unclear whether such difficulties separate the individual from the general population qualitatively (i.e., they form a discrete group) or quantitatively (i.e., they represent the lower end of a continuous distribution). Taxometric methods address this question but have rarely been applied to cognitive disorders. This study examined the latent structure of developmental prosopagnosia (DP) - a relatively selective deficit in face recognition that occurs in the absence of neurological injury. Multiple taxometric procedures were applied to dominant diagnostic indices of face recognition ability across two independent datasets. All analyses supported a categorical outcome, even for mild cases of DP, suggesting that it is a qualitatively distinct condition. This finding has significant implications for our understanding of DP given it has traditionally been viewed as a continuous impairment. In particular, existing (arbitrary) diagnostic cut-offs may be too conservative, underestimating prevalence rates and prohibiting big-data approaches to theoretical study. More broadly, these conclusions support application of the taxometric method to many other cognitive processes where weaknesses are predominantly assumed to reside on a continuous distribution.</p>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"183 ","pages":"131-145"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142784369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Spatial working memory predicts re-cancellation behaviour in neglect.

IF 3.2 2区心理学

Cortex Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2024.11.006

Robert D McIntosh, Stephanie Rossit, Nicoletta Beschin

{"title":"Spatial working memory predicts re-cancellation behaviour in neglect.","authors":"Robert D McIntosh, Stephanie Rossit, Nicoletta Beschin","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2024.11.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2024.11.006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The lateralised bias of spatial neglect can be modulated by concurrent non-lateralised impairments. For instance, people with left neglect may have spatial working memory deficits that prevent them from keeping track of locations visited in visual search tasks such as target cancellation. Not only do they omit targets in some parts of the array but they may revisit and re-cancel targets in other parts, and this re-cancellation behaviour increases dramatically in 'invisible' conditions, in which touching a target leaves no visible trace. It has been proposed that spatial memory deficits are the main reason for the rise of re-cancellation errors in invisible cancellation conditions. This idea predicts that spatial memory abilities should correlate with re-cancellation behaviour; but this expected relationship has never been demonstrated. The present study takes an exploratory approach to describing the behaviour of 18 people with left visual neglect, following right hemisphere stroke, on touchscreen tests of spatial working memory and target cancellation. We show that people with neglect who are less able to remember locations in a spatial memory task tend to make more re-cancellation errors in invisible cancellation conditions. We also describe an apparent trade-off, in which some people with neglect make many more re-cancellation errors, whilst others make many more target omissions. We suggest that the influence of spatial memory deficits on invisible cancellation tasks can be more fully captured by considering both types of errors, rather than re-cancellations only.</p>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142791216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A neuronal marker of eye contact spontaneously activated in neurotypical subjects but not in autistic spectrum disorders

IF 3.2 2区心理学

Cortex Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2024.10.022

Guillaume Lio , Martina Corazzol , Roberta Fadda , Giuseppe Doneddu , Angela Sirigu

{"title":"A neuronal marker of eye contact spontaneously activated in neurotypical subjects but not in autistic spectrum disorders","authors":"Guillaume Lio , Martina Corazzol , Roberta Fadda , Giuseppe Doneddu , Angela Sirigu","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2024.10.022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2024.10.022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Attention to faces and eye contact are key behaviors for establishing social bonds in humans. In Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), a disturbance in neurodevelopment, impaired face processing and gaze avoidance are key clinical features for ASD diagnosis. The biological alterations underlying these impairments are not yet clearly established. Using high-density electroencephalography coupled with multi-variate pattern classification and group blind source separation methods we searched for face- and-face components-related neural signals that could best discriminate visual processing of neurotypical subjects (<em>N</em> = 38) from ASD participants (<em>N</em> = 27). We isolated a face-specific neural signal in the superior temporal sulcus peaking at 240 msec after face-stimulus onset. A machine learning algorithm applied on the extracted neural component reached 74% decoding accuracy at the same latencies, discriminating the neurotypical population from ASD subjects in whom this signal was weak. By manipulating attention on different parts of the face, we also found that the power of the evoked signal in neurotypical subjects varied depending on the region observed: it was strong when the eye region fell on the fovea to decrease on regions further away and outside the stimulus face. Such face and face-components selective neural modulations were not found in ASD, although they did show typical early face-related P100 and N170 signals. These results show that specialized cortical mechanisms for face perception show higher responses for eyes when attention is focused on gaze and that these mechanisms may be particularly affected in autism spectrum disorders.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"183 ","pages":"Pages 87-104"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142759183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Violation of auditory regularities is reflected in pupil dynamics

IF 3.2 2区心理学

Cortex Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2024.10.023

Hamit Basgol , Peter Dayan , Volker H. Franz

{"title":"Violation of auditory regularities is reflected in pupil dynamics","authors":"Hamit Basgol , Peter Dayan , Volker H. Franz","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2024.10.023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2024.10.023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The brain builds and maintains internal models and uses them to make predictions. When predictions are violated, the current model can either be updated or replaced by a new model. The latter is accompanied by pupil dilation responses (PDRs) related to locus coeruleus activity/norepinephrine release (LC-NE). Following earlier research, we investigated PDRs associated with transitions between regular and random patterns of tones in auditory sequences. We presented these sequences to participants and instructed them to find gaps (to maintain attention). Transitions from regular to random patterns induced PDRs, suggesting that an internal model attuned to the regular pattern is reset. Transitions from one regular pattern to another regular pattern also induced PDRs, suggesting that they also led to a model reset. In contrast, transitions from random patterns to regular patterns did not induce PDRs, suggesting a gradual update of model parameters. We modelled these findings, using pupil response functions to show how ongoing PDRs and pupil event rates were sensitive to the trial-by-trial changes in the information content of the auditory sequences. Expanding on previous research, we suggest that PDRs—as biomarkers for LC-NE activation—may indicate the extent of prediction violations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"183 ","pages":"Pages 66-86"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142745003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Controversies, strategies, and collaboration in cognitive neuropsychology.

IF 3.2 2区心理学

Cortex Pub Date : 2024-11-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2024.11.007

Robert H Logie

引用次数: 0

How fear conditioning affects the visuocortical processing of context cues in humans. Evidence from steady state visual evoked responses

IF 3.2 2区心理学

Cortex Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2024.11.005

Alejandro Santos-Mayo , Stephan Moratti

{"title":"How fear conditioning affects the visuocortical processing of context cues in humans. Evidence from steady state visual evoked responses","authors":"Alejandro Santos-Mayo , Stephan Moratti","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2024.11.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2024.11.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Previous research has focused on how different environments modulate fear learning and the accompanying prioritization of acquired threat cues in sensory cortices. Here, we focus on the other side of the coin and show how the acquisition of threat relevance influences the sensory processing of the environment and an associated context cue. Thereby, we observed that spatial suppression surrounding the focus of threat relevant cues extended by threat learning. By recording frequency-tagged steady-state visual evoked fields (ssVEFs) from 35 healthy participants using Magnetoencephalography (MEG), we replicate earlier findings that centrally presented acquired threat-relevant cues (CS+) evoke greater ssVEF responses, whereas visuocortical engagement during the processing of threat-irrelevant cues (CS-) is inhibited. Critically, as predicted by early computational models of threat learning such as the Rescorla-Wagner model, ssVEF responses to an inter-trial peripheral background flicker (context cue), when no CS was shown, increased linearly during learning. In contrast, visuocortical engagement in the early-tier visual cortex during the processing of the background flicker was strongly reduced during CS presentation in the last learning block. This effect was observed during maximal CS+ and CS- discrimination. However, in more anterior ventral visual cortex, the inhibition of oscillatory responses of the context cue occurred only during CS + trials, whereas during CS- trials, background ssVEF responses were increased. These results are in line with the notion that attentional resources are reallocated flexibly between cues of different threat relevance and that the spatial extension of center surround neuronal competition can be modulated by threat learning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"183 ","pages":"Pages 21-37"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142745000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Recurring utterances induced by local anesthetic administration to the left frontal lobe

IF 3.2 2区心理学

Cortex Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2024.10.019

Kazuo Kakinuma , Shin-Ichiro Osawa , Hana Kikuchi , Kazuto Katsuse , Makoto Ishida , Kazushi Ukishiro , Kazutaka Jin , Shingo Kayano , Shunji Mugikura , Hidenori Endo , Nobukazu Nakasato , Minoru Matsuda , Kyoko Suzuki

{"title":"Recurring utterances induced by local anesthetic administration to the left frontal lobe","authors":"Kazuo Kakinuma , Shin-Ichiro Osawa , Hana Kikuchi , Kazuto Katsuse , Makoto Ishida , Kazushi Ukishiro , Kazutaka Jin , Shingo Kayano , Shunji Mugikura , Hidenori Endo , Nobukazu Nakasato , Minoru Matsuda , Kyoko Suzuki","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2024.10.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2024.10.019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recurring utterances (RUs) are a distinct language symptom observed in severe aphasia, known to be associated with global or Broca’s aphasia, though their neural basis remains unclear. We present a case of RU induced by selective left frontal suppression using a novel technique named the super-selective Wada test (ssWada), which involves temporary anesthetization of specific brain regions through super-selective catheterization of cerebral arteries. This method allows for precise simulation of localized brain dysfunction. We applied this technique on a 49-year-old right-handed man with drug-resistant epilepsy as a preoperative examination. Propofol administration to the superior branch of the left middle cerebral artery (MCA), supplying the pars triangularis, pars opercularis, middle frontal gyrus, and part of the precentral gyrus, induced Broca’s aphasia with RUs. The RU content was the phrase uttered at anesthesia administration. Notably, the anesthetic did not affect the temporal language area or basal ganglia. The patient showed minimal awareness of his abnormal speech despite preserved receptive language function and memory, aligning with previous observations of anosognosia in patients with RU. Contrastingly, anesthetic infusion into the inferior branch of the left MCA resulted in mixed aphasia, while right MCA infusion induced no language impairments. This case demonstrates that RUs can arise without deficits in the posterior language area or basal ganglia. It illustrates the potential of ssWada in investigating neural substrates of neuropsychological symptoms through temporary, localized brain disruption. This approach offers novel insights into brain-behavior relationships in language processing and cognition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"183 ","pages":"Pages 15-20"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142745004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0