Cortex最新文献

{"title":"Relationships between gaze behaviour and fencing performance of high-skilled fencing athletes: Perspectives from defensive and offensive phases","authors":"Andrada Vincze ,&nbsp;Andra Felicia Gabriela Iacob ,&nbsp;Ioana Radu ,&nbsp;Dragoş Iliescu ,&nbsp;Răzvan Jurchiş","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.12.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.12.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores the relationship between visual processing and fencing performance, focusing on various gaze behaviour indices in a dynamic and interactive sport. Visual processing, particularly the ability to gather and use visual information quickly and accurately, is critical for performance in high-speed sports. We hypothesised that visual behaviour, including the duration of the final fixation (Quiet Eye; QE), the number of fixations and the number of scanned locations, significantly impacts fencing performance during offensive and defensive actions. National-level sabre fencers performed a 10-min assault with eye-tracking technology measuring their gaze behaviour. Results indicated that QE was significantly longer before successful touches compared to unsuccessful ones (Bayes factor (B) = 30.92). Additionally, the number of fixations and the number of scanned locations were higher during defensive actions than offensive actions (all Bs ≥ 1908.99). This research provides insights into the cognitive processes underlying sports performance in a realistic context and has implications for training strategies, emphasising the importance of various visual behaviour patterns in fencing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"195 ","pages":"Pages 15-27"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145877906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reviewer acknowledgements for 2025","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S0010-9452(26)00029-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0010-9452(26)00029-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"195 ","pages":"Pages v-vii"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146073577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scientific transparency at Cortex: Guidelines for authors","authors":"Melissa Thye,&nbsp;Robert D. McIntosh","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2026.01.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2026.01.006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"195 ","pages":"Pages A1-A5"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146073578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cover figure","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S0010-9452(26)00024-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0010-9452(26)00024-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><strong>Cover caption:</strong> Appearing alongside Lowe et al.'s registered report \"Using EEG to detect lapses in sustained attention to moving stimuli\" (this issue) is a photographic series by Eadweard Muybridge. His thousands of sequential photographs fundamentally changed our understanding of animal motion and paved the way for modern cinema.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"195 ","pages":"Pages ii-iii"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146073579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discourse abilities in post-stroke aphasia: A multi-level analysis of macro and micro-structural discourse properties and their white matter neural correlates","authors":"Belle Jacobs ,&nbsp;Guillem Olivé ,&nbsp;Immaculada Rico-Pons ,&nbsp;Antoni Rodríguez-Fornells ,&nbsp;Claudia Peñaloza","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.12.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.12.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although it is well established that discourse abilities are often impaired in people with aphasia (PWA), research and assessment methods addressing spoken discourse in Spanish-speaking PWA are limited. Moreover, the white matter underpinnings of discourse production in aphasia are understudied, calling for their comprehensive examination across both macro and micro-structural levels. The present study developed a Spanish main concept (MC) checklist for the Cookie Theft picture description task to assess discourse informativeness abilities in Spanish-speaking PWA. We used this task to evaluate discourse performance in 19 Spanish-speaking PWA relative to 37 neurotypical controls as per macro-structural and micro-structural discourse metrics. The association between discourse performance and aphasia severity as well as brain structural connectivity as per bilateral language-related white matter tract volumes and fractional anisotropy values were investigated in PWA. Our Spanish MC checklist for the Cookie Theft resulted in 7 MCs largely consistent with previous research. We found that PWA performed significantly below the neurotypical controls in most discourse metrics. Aphasia severity was associated with the number of verbs produced in picture description. The volumes of the left Arcuate Fasciculus (posterior segment) and the right Inferior Longitudinal Fasciculus were associated with micro- and macro-structural metrics of discourse performance, respectively. Our findings suggest that white matter structural connectivity in the left and the right hemisphere may differentially support linguistic and functional aspects of discourse ability in chronic aphasia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"195 ","pages":"Pages 58-80"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145965567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measuring brain sensitivity to semantic distance in spoken narrative comprehension","authors":"Hannah Mechtenberg ,&nbsp;Jamie Reilly ,&nbsp;Jonathan E. Peelle ,&nbsp;Emily B. Myers","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.12.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.12.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Discourse comprehension requires simultaneous integration of local and global constituents. When hearing a narrative, for example, listeners must link the meaning of each incoming word to the preceding word (local context) while also assimilating its meaning into the broader gist of a story (global context). Thus, the brain simultaneously constructs meaning at different time scales and with different levels of granularity. Our understanding of the brain's division of labor in processing local versus global semantic distance relationships is limited. In this study we ask specifically how the semantic distance between a word and its prior context drives activity in the brain during naturalistic listening. We used fMRI data collected while participants (<em>n</em> = 79) listened to a podcast interview. Using a novel method for estimating semantic distance between a word and prior contexts computed at multiple grain sizes, we conducted an amplitude-modulated regression to identify brain regions that were sensitive to semantic distance. Results show that semantic distance drives activation in a broad frontotemporal network including the left and right superior and middle temporal gyrus and left inferior frontal gyrus, as well as the bilateral cerebellum. The right anterior superior temporal gyrus was particularly sensitive to the increase in context window size, consistent with a right hemisphere specialization for gist processing and for the anterior temporal lobes' purported role in semantic integration. This study demonstrates a promising method for investigating neural sensitivity to semantic movement in naturalistic language.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"195 ","pages":"Pages 28-42"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145899434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The latency of a domain-general visual surprise signal is attribute dependent","authors":"Benjamin G. Lowe ,&nbsp;Naohide Yamamoto ,&nbsp;Jonathan Robinson ,&nbsp;Patrick Johnston","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.11.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.11.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Predictions concerning upcoming visual input play a key role in resolving percepts. Sometimes input is surprising, under which circumstances the brain must calibrate erroneous predictions so that perception is veridical. Despite the extensive literature investigating the nature of prediction error signalling, it is still unclear how this process interacts with the functionally segregated nature of the visual cortex, particularly within the temporal domain. Here, we recorded electroencephalography (EEG) from humans (<em>N</em> = 32) whilst they viewed static image trajectories containing a bound object that sequentially changed along different visual attribute dimensions (shape and colour). Crucially, the context of this change was designed to appear random (and unsurprising) or violate the established trajectory (and cause a surprise). Event-related potential analysis found no effects of surprise after controlling for cortical adaptation. However, multivariate pattern analyses found whole-scalp neural representations of visual surprise that overlapped between attributes, albeit at distinct, attribute-specific latencies. These findings suggest that visual surprise results in generalised (i.e., attribute-agnostic) prediction error responses that conform to an attribute-dependent temporal hierarchy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"194 ","pages":"Pages 96-106"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145721466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive-linguistic skills in production of expository discourse: Insights from longitudinal changes and neural correlates in primary progressive aphasia","authors":"Marina A. Anwia ,&nbsp;Mara Steinberg Lowe ,&nbsp;Sophie Matis ,&nbsp;James Carrick ,&nbsp;Olivier Piguet ,&nbsp;Ramon Landin-Romero ,&nbsp;Kirrie J. Ballard","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.11.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.11.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Engaging in conversational and story-telling discourse involves an interplay of language and cognitive skills, including working memory, attention, and inference-making. Primary progressive aphasia (PPA) provides a model for exploring discourse, as both language and cognitive abilities change over time with changes in cortical atrophy. Here, associations between morphosyntactic discourse skills and patterns of cortical atrophy are measured over time in nonfluent (nfv), logopenic (lv) and semantic (sv) variants of PPA.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Participants were 27 individuals with nfvPPA (M = 66.6 years ± 8.3), 30 lvPPA (M = 66.7 ± 7.3), 33 svPPA (M = 64.8 ± 6.7), and 36 healthy controls (HC; M = 65.5 ± 6.8). Picture descriptions were analysed for word density and diversity, sentence complexity, well-formedness, and fluency annually for up to three timepoints. Associations between language measures and cortical thickness on structural MRI scans were analysed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>At timepoint 1, nfvPPA performed below other groups on most measures; lvPPA were differentiated from svPPA on fluency measures only. Longitudinally, utterance length declined in all variants. For nfvPPA, this was linked with reduced sentence complexity and cortical atrophy in regions engaged by higher attentional demand. For lvPPA, it was linked with increasing grammatical errors and atrophy extending into perisylvian language network. No associations were identified for svPPA.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Findings provide insight into how discourse production is underpinned by a network that extends beyond classic language regions, with morphosyntactic elements of discourse associated in part with regions involved in domain-general cognitive skills such as error-monitoring and elaborative encoding. Findings can also inform assessment, prognosis, and intervention for communication through the PPA disease course.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"194 ","pages":"Pages 121-142"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145755552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of interoception and multisensory integration on functional and physical activities in aging","authors":"M.R. Pasciucco ,&nbsp;S. Nunziata ,&nbsp;S. Iuliano ,&nbsp;M.G. Perrucci ,&nbsp;M. Costantini ,&nbsp;G. Ruggiero ,&nbsp;F. Ferri","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.11.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.11.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aging affects the ability to process sensory input from the body (interoception) and integrate information from multiple sensory modalities. Interoception, which involves perceiving and interpreting internal bodily signals, undergoes significant changes with age, reducing the ability to recognize and respond to internal needs. Additionally, deficits in multisensory integration are known to predict declines in gait and stability, increasing the risk of falls and mobility issues in older adults. These changes impact physical health and hinder action planning and execution, yet the combined influence of interoception and multisensory integration on physical functioning remains underexplored. This study investigated how interoception and multisensory integration predict physical functioning in older adults compared to younger adults. Twenty-five young and twenty-eight older participants completed tasks assessing interoceptive dimensions (accuracy, sensibility, and awareness) and multisensory integration dimensions (temporal resolution and tactile acuity). Physical functioning was measured using the SF-36 questionnaire. In the older adult group, regression analyses revealed that interoceptive sensibility, interoceptive awareness, and multisensory temporal resolution significantly predicted physical functioning. Higher interoceptive sensibility and awareness were associated with better physical functioning, while reduced temporal resolution was linked to poorer functioning. These factors also predicted role limitations due to physical health: higher interoceptive awareness and sensibility were related to fewer limitations, whereas temporal resolution and tactile acuity were associated with greater limitations. These findings emphasize the critical role of interoceptive and multisensory processing in supporting physical functioning and managing perceived limitations in older adults, highlighting the importance of preserving these sensory capacities to maintain well-being in aging populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"194 ","pages":"Pages 107-120"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145733578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Precise tactile localisation of hair stimulation in humans","authors":"Matthew R. Longo,&nbsp;Cleo Sakka","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.11.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hair is a salient feature of the bodies of humans and other mammals, which serves a variety of functions, including sensation. The sensory functions of hairs in humans, however, remain poorly understood. This study measured the ability to perceive the spatial location of stimulation of hairs without associated stimulation of the skin. We tested this ability body on the hand (Experiment 1) and the forearm (Experiment 2). Participants judged locations by clicking on a picture of their own hand/arm. We compared tactile localisation performance following hair stimulation to direct stimulation of the skin. Participants showed highly precise localisation of hair stimulation. The precision of localisation of hair stimulation is similar to that of stimulation of the skin. The results of this study show that human hairs provide rich spatial information which may complement tactile signals from the skin itself.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"194 ","pages":"Pages 1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145622896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}