Cortex最新文献

{"title":"The effect of stimulus saliency on the modulation of ongoing neural oscillations related to thermonociception: A registered report","authors":"Chiara Leu ,&nbsp;Sébastien Forest ,&nbsp;Valéry Legrain ,&nbsp;Giulia Liberati","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.02.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.02.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ongoing oscillations have been shown to be modulated in different frequency bands following phasic, tonic as well as periodic thermonociceptive stimulation. Yet, it remains unclear whether these modulations are related to pain perception, saliency (i.e., the ability of a stimulus to stand out from its environment) or solely the intensity of these stimuli. Thirty-five participants were recruited to investigate the relationship between pain perception and ongoing oscillations as well as the factors likely to modulate them, combining a sustained periodic thermonociceptive stimulation paradigm including periodic oddball events with a frequency-tagging analysis approach. Oddballs were delivered either at a higher or lower intensity (“high oddball” versus “low oddball” condition) than baseline stimuli. Continuous ratings of pain perception were collected during the stimulation to track participants' perception. Despite the stimuli being barely perceived as painful (hence relating predominantly to thermonociception), the continuous ratings of perception clearly reflected the variations of stimulus intensity, but only in the “high oddball” condition. Consistently, the oddball stimulus modulated ongoing oscillations in the “high oddball”, but not in the “low oddball” condition. Because of the lack of differentiation between baseline and oddball cycles in the “low oddball” condition – both in perception and at the neural level – these findings do not allow disentangling the differential effects of stimulus intensity and saliency on the perception of thermonociceptive stimuli, or on the modulation of oscillatory activities related to thermonociception. However, they indicate the modulation of ongoing oscillations reflects subjects' perception of thermonociceptive stimuli that are both salient and intense.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"185 ","pages":"Pages 316-335"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143679639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age-dependent semantic interference effect on propositional speech production","authors":"Gail A. Robinson ,&nbsp;Thomas Hollingsworth ,&nbsp;Melody M.Y. Chan","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.02.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.02.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Older adults can find verbal communication in noisy environments challenging, but the underlying cognitive phenomena and the specific mechanisms contributing to age-related decline remain unclear. Using a newly designed propositional speech production paradigm, we examined how semantic distractors of varying levels of relatedness affect propositional speech performance in healthy adults. In the paradigm, participants were assessed on their ability to formulate verbal responses while distracted by semantically related or unrelated words, simulating real-world scenarios with meaningful auditory distractions (e.g., sounds from radio programs). We also examined the cognitive processes associated with task performance. We recruited 30 younger participants (mean age: 22.23 years) and 27 older participants (mean age: 75.31 years) matched for sex, handedness, and intelligence. All participants were screened using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and neuropsychological assessments. Older adults performed better than younger adults on a semantic memory task, but performed poorer on tasks assessing executive functions, including interference control, verbal response initiation and suppression, and semantic verbal fluency. In the novel propositional speech production task, older adults exhibited a pronounced semantic interference effect (F_{1.58, 83.67} = 4.67, <em>p</em> = .018, ηp² = .08; with MoCA as a covariate), particularly for concrete distractors, resulting in longer response latencies compared to associative and unrelated distractors (Bonferroni-corrected P-values &lt;.01). Exploratory correlation analyses revealed that longer response latencies in the propositional speech production task were associated with a poorer performance on neuropsychological tests tapping verbal response suppression (false discovery rate-corrected <em>p</em> &lt; .05). Our findings suggest that verbal communication difficulties in the context of environmental distractions experienced by older adults could be due to the semantic interference effect. Cognitive interventions aimed at enhancing inhibitory control could be beneficial to older adults in maintaining their social engagement in the later life.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"185 ","pages":"Pages 229-239"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143619788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The anticipatory effect of goal-directed action planning with a lower limb on peri-personal space","authors":"Elena Gherri ,&nbsp;Gioacchino Garofalo ,&nbsp;Alan O’Dowd ,&nbsp;Aurora Cudia","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.02.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.02.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recent studies have demonstrated that the representation of peri-personal space (PPS) can be strongly modulated by the intention to execute a spatially-directed hand-movement. However, the question of whether analogous motor-induced PPS modulations can be observed during the planning and execution of goal-directed lower limbs movements has been scarcely investigated. Here we asked whether changes in the visuo-tactile PPS maps occur during the planning of a goal directed foot-movement. We asked participants to respond to the location of a tactile stimulus delivered to the index finger (top) or the thumb (bottom) of the right hand while ignoring a visual distractor presented at congruent or incongruent elevations, either close to the foot or close to the goal of the foot movement. This version of the cross-modal congruency task was performed under two different experimental conditions, as a baseline (static task, no movement involved) and embedded into a dual-task in which participants also had to plan and execute a goal-directed foot movement (dynamic task). In the static task, comparable cross-modal congruency effects (CCE) were present near the foot and near the movement goal. In the dynamic task, the CCE near the foot shrank considerably, whereas a sizable CCE was present near the movement goal. This anticipatory reweighting of the multisensory representation of near-space demonstrates that PPS is modulated by the intention to perform a goal-directed foot movement, with a weakened representation of the space around the currently occupied foot location when a movement is imminent.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"185 ","pages":"Pages 170-183"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143591680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cover figure","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S0010-9452(25)00065-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0010-9452(25)00065-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"184 ","pages":"Page e1"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143592289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retraction notice to \"Neurophysiological mechanisms underlying the modulation of cognitive control by simultaneous conflicts\" [Cortex 115C (2019) 216 – 230]","authors":"Witold X. Chmielewski,&nbsp;Christian Beste","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2023.05.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2023.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"184 ","pages":"Page 314"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143592290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An exploration of complex action stopping across multiple datasets: Insights into the mechanisms of action cancellation and re-programming","authors":"Sauro E. Salomoni,&nbsp;Simon Weber,&nbsp;Mark R. Hinder","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.02.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.02.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A long history of psychological experiments has used stop signal paradigms to assess action inhibition. Recent studies have investigated complex stopping behaviours, such as response-selective stopping where only one component of a bimanual action requires cancellation. A current emphasis has been to use electromyographical (EMG) recordings to assess the temporal dynamics of action inhibition at the level of the muscle, beyond those based solely on observable behavioural events. Here, we combine EMG and behavioural data from 17 cohorts of healthy younger and older adults yielding over 42,000 response-selective stopping trials, providing unique insights into this emerging field. Expanding from past research in this area, our robust single-trial EMG analyses permit detection of cancelled (partial) and response-generating EMG bursts in both hands, revealing substantial overlaps in the distributions of timing of action cancellation and re-programming. These findings are consistent with recent experimental and modelling evidence, suggesting that response-selective stopping is best modelled as two independent processes: a discrete bimanual stop and initiation of a <em>new</em> unimanual response. This overlap may be incompatible with the recent pause-then-cancel model, and more consistent with a broader “pause-then-retune” account, where a slower process mediates any action updating, not just cancellation. Moreover, this independence means that cancellation can happen at any time during motor planning and execution, against the notion of an observable “point of no return” in terms of EMG and behavioural measures. We also discuss best practices for the analysis of EMG data and indicate how methodological aspects, such as choosing appropriate reference time points, can influence the outcomes and their interpretation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"185 ","pages":"Pages 211-228"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143591682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disassembling an experimental artifact in aphasia: Why phonemic errors with words and semantic errors with numbers?","authors":"Ismael Gutiérrez-Cordero ,&nbsp;Javier García-Orza","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.02.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.02.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There is broad consensus as to the significance of speech errors in aphasia. The analysis of errors is understood to provide clear clues for clinical diagnosis, the identification of those cognitive-linguistic processes affected, and the corresponding impaired cerebral structures. However, Stimulus Type Effect on Phonological and Semantic errors (STEPS), a phenomenon in which a person with aphasia produces more phonological errors with words (e.g., “tamle” for “table”) but more semantic errors with number words (e.g., “thirteen” for “forty-two”), casts doubt on this consensus view. In this paper two studies are described, in which we explore whether STEPS is in fact a result of the lack of rigorous control over the materials compared (words versus numbers) and the evaluation conditions. Two persons, one with a reproduction conduction aphasia and the other with a repetition conduction aphasia, participated in the studies. Study 1 explored the role of memory load in the emergence of STEPS by eliciting the repetition of pairs of semantically-unrelated words. In Studies 2a and 2b, our participants were asked to produce sequences of high- and low-frequency words from one semantic category (colors), and this was compared to the performance in multi-digit number production tasks. The results showed that sequences of high-frequency colors, like multi-digit numbers, were produced mainly with semantic errors, whereas sequences of low-frequency colors showed a mixed pattern with many phonemic and semantic errors. It seems that the production of semantic errors and the absence of phonemic errors in multi-digit numbers that give rise to STEPS is an experimental artifact caused by the combination of several factors: the use of semantically-related high-frequency words, produced cyclically under high-memory-demand conditions. These findings contribute substantially to the current discussion of language production models and allow for a deeper understanding of the neurocognitive processes that underly speech errors in aphasia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"185 ","pages":"Pages 184-210"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143580070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A registered report of preregistration practices in studies of electroencephalogram (EEG) and event-related potentials (ERPs): A first look at accessibility, adherence, transparency, and selection bias","authors":"Peter E. Clayson ,&nbsp;Kaylie A. Carbine ,&nbsp;John L. Shuford ,&nbsp;Julia B. McDonald ,&nbsp;Michael J. Larson","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.02.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.02.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Common explanations for replication failures in neuroscience and psychophysiology include the exploitation of researcher degrees of freedom and ambiguous or inappropriate methodology, creating an environment in which flexibility during data processing and analysis could increase the probability of erroneous or irreplicable findings. The present registered report described preregistration practices in EEG/ERP studies, quantified adherence to preregistration, and estimated expected replication/discovery rates. Out of 506 preregistrations and 25 registered reports screened, 385 met eligibility. The EEG/ERP preregistrations resulted in 92 published manuscripts. For the preregistered studies, 57–99% included the minimal necessary methodological detail for replication. Adherence to preregistration in the 92 published studies averaged 60%. Exploratory analyses indicated that registered reports had the highest average adherence (92%), followed by articles explicitly mentioning preregistration (60%), and then by those not mentioning preregistration (39%). Only 16% of published studies fully adhered to preregistered plans or disclosed all deviations. Preregistered studies reported more methodological details (64% vs. 61%) and more frequently justified sample sizes and data exclusion than companion non-preregistered studies. A <em>z</em>-curve analysis indicated that selective reporting was likely present in published preregistered studies. Although preregistration can enhance transparency and reduce researcher bias in EEG/ERP research, current practices fall short. Ambiguity in preregistrations and inconsistent adherence undermine utility of preregistration. Moving forward, researchers should prioritize clarity and accessibility in preregistrations, and journals should implement policies to ensure the review of preregistration adherence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"185 ","pages":"Pages 253-269"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143644453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Definition: Conduite d'approche","authors":"Ismael Gutiérrez-Cordero ,&nbsp;María José Torres-Prioris ,&nbsp;Javier García-Orza","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.02.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2025.02.007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"185 ","pages":"Pages 151-152"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143562715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reduced recruitment of inhibitory control regions in very young children with ADHD during a modified Kiddie Continuous Performance Task: A fMRI study","authors":"Mohammadreza Bayat ,&nbsp;Melissa Hernandez ,&nbsp;Madeline Curzon ,&nbsp;Dea Garic ,&nbsp;Paulo Graziano ,&nbsp;Anthony Steven Dick","doi":"10.1016/j.cortex.2024.11.025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cortex.2024.11.025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) symptom profiles are known to undergo changes throughout development, rendering the neurobiological assessment of ADHD challenging across different developmental stages. Particularly in young children (ages 4- to 7-years), measuring inhibitory control network activity in the brain has been a formidable task due to the lack of child-friendly functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) paradigms. This study aims to address these difficulties by focusing on measuring inhibitory control in very young children within the MRI environment. A total of 56 children diagnosed with ADHD and 78 typically developing (TD) 4-7-year-old children were successfully examined using a modified version of the Kiddie-Continuous Performance Test (K-CPT) during BOLD fMRI to assess inhibitory control. We also evaluated their performance on the standardized K-CPT outside the MRI scanner. Our findings suggest that the modified K-CPT effectively elicited robust and expected brain activity related to inhibitory control in both groups who were successfully scanned. Comparisons between the two groups revealed differences in brain activity, primarily observed in inferior frontal gyrus, anterior insula, dorsal striatum, medial pre-supplementary motor area (pre-SMA), and cingulate cortex (<em>p</em> &lt; .005, corrected). Notably, for both groups increased activity in the right anterior insula was associated with improved response time (RT) and reduced RT variability on the K-CPT administered outside the MRI environment, although this did not survive statistical correction for multiple comparisons. The study also revealed continuing challenges for scanning this population–an additional 51 TD children and 78 children with ADHD were scanned, but failed to provide useable data due to movement. In summary, for a subsample of children, we successfully overcame some of the challenges of measuring inhibitory control in very young children within the MRI environment by using a modified K-CPT during BOLD fMRI, but further challenges remain for scanning in this population. The findings shed light on the neurobiological correlates of inhibitory control in ADHD and TD children, provide valuable insights for understanding ADHD across development, and potentially inform ADHD diagnosis and intervention strategies. The research also highlights remaining challenges with task fMRI in very young clinical samples.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10758,"journal":{"name":"Cortex","volume":"185 ","pages":"Pages 153-169"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143580069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}