Brain and Behavior最新文献

{"title":"Functional Neurological Disorder and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Complex and Potentially Significant Relationship","authors":"Belen Gonzalez-Herrero,&nbsp;Francesca Happé,&nbsp;Timothy R. Nicholson,&nbsp;Francesca Morgante,&nbsp;Javier Pagonabarraga,&nbsp;Quinton Deeley,&nbsp;Mark J. Edwards","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70168","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Functional neurological disorder (FND) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are two complex neuropsychiatric conditions that have been historically classified within psychiatric domains, resulting in a lack of extensive research, insufficient clinical recognition, and persistent societal stigma. In recent years, there has been an increasing recognition among professionals and affected individuals of their possible overlap. This review explores the potential clinical and mechanistic overlap between FND and ASD, with particular attention to shared symptoms across sensory, motor, and psychiatric domains.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conducted a narrative analysis utilizing the PubMed, CINAHL, MEDLINE, and ScienceDirect databases from inception to June 2024. The search employed specific MeSH terms related to ASD and FND. Given the limited data availability, we included all relevant articles that explored the potential connections between FND and ASD, focusing on established findings and theoretical hypotheses areas.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Scientific evidence indicates that FND and ASD may co-occur more frequently than previously acknowledged and with notable overlaps in their clinical presentations and pathophysiology. Theoretical models that have been applied to FND and ASD, such as the Bayesian brain theory and the tripartite model of autism, may provide valuable insights into the intersection of these conditions. Although much of the current evidence remains speculative, it underscores the need for hypothesis-driven research to investigate these potential connections further.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>ASD and FND are heterogeneous conditions that appear to co-occur in a subset of individuals, with overlapping symptomatology and possibly shared underlying mechanisms. This hypothesis-generating review emphasizes the need for further research to better understand these links, ultimately aiming to improve clinical recognition and develop targeted interventions that enhance the quality of life for affected individuals.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"14 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70168","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142868717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating Task-Free Functional Connectivity Patterns in Newborns Using Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy","authors":"Homa Vahidi,&nbsp;Alexandra Kowalczyk,&nbsp;Kevin Stubbs,&nbsp;Melab Musabi,&nbsp;Sriya Roychaudhuri,&nbsp;Michaela Kent,&nbsp;Soume Bhattacharya,&nbsp;Sandrine de Ribaupierre,&nbsp;Keith St. Lawrence,&nbsp;Yalda Mohsenzadeh,&nbsp;Emma G. Duerden","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70180","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.70180","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Resting-state networks (RSNs), particularly the sensorimotor network, begin to strengthe in the third trimester of pregnancy and mature extensively by term age. The integrity and structure of these networks have been repeatedly linked to neurological health outcomes in neonates, highlighting the importance of understanding the normative variations in RSNs in healthy development. Specifically, robust bilateral functional connectivity in the sensorimotor RSN has been linked to optimal neurodevelopmental outcomes in neonates.\u0000</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In the current study, we aimed to map the developmental trajectory of the sensorimotor RSN in awake neonates using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials &amp; Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We acquired fNIRS resting-state data from 41 healthy newborns (17 females, gestational age ranging from 36 + 0 to 42 + 1 weeks) within the first week after birth. We performed both single channel and hemispheric analyses to investigate the relationship between functional connectivity and both gestational and postnatal age.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We observed robust positive connectivity in numerous channel-pairs across the sensorimotor network, especially in the left hemisphere. Next, we examined the relationship between functional connectivity, gestational age, and postnatal age, while controlling for sex and subject effects. We found both gestational and postnatal age to be significantly associated with changes in functional connectivity in the sensorimotor RSN. In our hemispheric analysis (<i>N</i>_{interhemispheric} = 10, <i>N</i>_{left intrahemispheric} = 15, and <i>N</i>_{right intrahemispheric} = 9), we observed a significant positive relationship between interhemispheric connectivity and postnatal age.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion and Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In summary, our findings demonstrate the utility of fNIRS for monitoring early developmental changes in functional networks in awake newborns.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"14 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70180","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142845960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Baihui-Penetrating-Qubin Acupuncture Attenuates Neurological Deficits Through SIRT1/FOXO1 Reducing Oxidative Stress and Neuronal Apoptosis in Intracerebral Hemorrhage Rats","authors":"Shan-Shan Dong,&nbsp;Ming-Yue Li,&nbsp;Xue-Ping Yu,&nbsp;Yu-Na Kan,&nbsp;Xiao-Hong Dai,&nbsp;Lei Zheng,&nbsp;Hong-tao Cao,&nbsp;Wen-Hui Duan,&nbsp;En-Li Luo,&nbsp;Wei Zou","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70095","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.70095","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Background&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a significant global disease with high mortality and disability. As of now, there is no effective therapy available. Oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis play essential roles in ICH, determining neuronal survival. In our preliminary studies, we found that Baihui-penetrating-Qubin acupuncture could improve neurological deficits and neuropathological damage in the perihematomal area in ICH rats. The SIRT1/FOXO1 signaling pathway has been reported to mediate antioxidant and anti-neuronal apoptosis. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Baihui-penetrating-Qubin acupuncture on oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis after ICH and the role of SIRT1/FOXO1 in acupuncture's neuroprotection.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;ICH rat models were established by autologous tail blood (50 µL) infusion into the caudate nucleus. EX527, SIRT1-specific inhibitor was intraperitoneally administered 3 days before ICH. Baihui-penetrating-Qubin acupuncture treatment was performed once a day for 30 min after ICH. Neurological deficits were evaluated using the modified neurological severity score (mNSS). Brain edema was evaluated using brain water content. HE staining and Nissl staining were used to evaluate neuropathological damage in the perihematomal area. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling was used to quantify neuronal apoptosis. Specific kits were used to detect the levels of SOD, CAT, GSH-Px in the brain. The oxidative DNA damage was evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect the level of 8-hydroxyguanosine (8-OHdG). Western blot was used to evaluate the expressions of SIRT1, Ac-FOXO1, FOXO1, Bcl-2, and Bax. Immunofluorescence staining was conducted to detect the cellular localization of SIRT1.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Baihui-penetrating-Qubin acupuncture improved the neurological deficits and brain edema, reduced the pathological injury and neuronal degeneration in 3 days in the perihematomal area after ICH. Mechanistically, acupuncture reduced oxidative stress injury and neuronal apoptosis via activating SIRT1/FOXO1 pathway. The neuroprotective effects of acupuncture were abolished by injection of the SIRT1 inhibitor EX527.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Baihui-penetrating-Qubin acupuncture could reduce oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis, at least in part, through the SIRT1/FOXO1 signaling pathway, improving neurological deficits and neuropathological damage after ICH. These finding","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"14 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70095","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142833889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Edaravone's Safety Profile in Acute Ischemic Stroke","authors":"Laurence K. J. Batino,&nbsp;Cyrus G. Escabillas,&nbsp;Jose C. Navarro","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70158","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.70158","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We aimed to evaluate the safety of intravenous edaravone for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke among Filipino patients. The study, categorized as Phase IV, spans from December 2022 to November 2023. The primary objective is to document side effects and serious adverse events during the 14-day edaravone infusion period.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The protocol gained approval from the Institutional Review Board, and participants provided written consent. Inclusion criteria involved patients aged 18–70 with acute ischemic stroke within 24 h. Exclusion criteria included extremes of age, pregnancy, severe hepatic impairment, and participation in other clinical trials. Edaravone was administered for 14 days, underwent continuous monitoring, and adverse events were actively recorded.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Findings</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Out of 64 enrolled patients, 58 completed the treatment, while 4 did not finish, and 2 dropped out. The majority were male (<i>n</i> = 35), median age of 53.5 years, and 81.03% exhibited moderate stroke severity. Two patients reported headaches, and one reported dizziness. No serious adverse events or other untoward effects were documented. Dropouts, attributed to a low ejection fraction, showed normal laboratory results and no side effects during edaravone infusion. Thrombolytic therapy was given to 37.93% of patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our study contributes insights into edaravone's safety, revealing a favorable profile with mild side effects, aligning with existing literature. Notably, no serious adverse events occurred, emphasizing edaravone's tolerability. Headache and dizziness, which were the common side effects in our case, did not lead to treatment discontinuation. The findings support the growing evidence of edaravone's safety in acute ischemic stroke treatment. Overall, edaravone demonstrates promise in stroke management, necessitating vigilant monitoring, especially considering individual cardiovascular health.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"14 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70158","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142833891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to Article BRB370014 [Article Title: Changes in the Firmicutes to Bacteriodetes Ratio in the Gut Microbiome in Individuals With Anorexia Nervosa Following Inpatient Treatment: A Systematic Review and a Case Series]","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70152","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.70152","url":null,"abstract":"<p>https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/brb3.70014</p><p>Helal, P., Xia, W., Sardar, P., Conway-Morris, A., Conway-Morris, A., Pedicord, V. A., &amp; Serfontein, J. (2024). Changes in the Firmicutes to Bacteriodetes ratio in the gut microbiome in individuals with anorexia nervosa following inpatient treatment: A systematic review and a case series. <i>Brain and Behavior</i>, 14, e70014. https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70014</p><p>We apologize for this error.</p><p>Please find the below figures with correct descriptions/legends under each as per above.</p>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"14 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70152","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142833890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Public Stigma, Mental Health Literacy, and Help-Seeking Intentions Based on Different Dimensions of Obsessive–Compulsive Content: A Study of the Spanish Mental Health-Naïve Population","authors":"Antonio Chaves,&nbsp;Sandra Arnáez,&nbsp;Maria Roncero,&nbsp;Gemma García-Soriano","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70159","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.70159","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Obsessive–compulsive (OC) disorder is a debilitating disorder with a high delay in help-seeking that could be associated with two barriers that may differ between OC content dimensions: public stigma and mental health literacy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We aim to describe and analyze the differences among OC content dimensions in public stigma, social distance desire, mental health literacy, and help-seeking intention in a sample of the mental health-naïve population.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 487 participants from the Spanish community with no previous knowledge of or experience with OCD were randomly allocated one of six vignettes describing a person with OC symptoms of one out of six contents (i.e., aggression/harm; sexual; religious/blasphemous/immoral; contamination/washing; doubts/checking; or superstition/symmetry/order). After reading the vignette, participants completed the following questionnaires associated with their vignette: Attribution Questionnaire, General Help-Seeking Questionnaire, Social Distance Scale, and Mental Health Literacy Questionnaire.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There were significant differences among OC content dimensions on the variables of interest. Aggression/harm OC content was associated with the highest public stigma and discriminating desire, and together with the religious/blasphemous/immoral OC contents were associated with the highest social distance desire. Although no differences appear between contents on intention to seek for formal treatment, participants would request less informal support for their sexual OC content than for the other categories. Contamination, doubts/checking, and superstition/symmetry/order OC contents were more frequently identified as OCD, although only around 50% or less of the sample identified the sexual, superstition/symmetry/order, doubts/checking, and religious/blasphemous/immoral OC contents as a mental health problem.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Interventions to reduce stigma and increase help seeking are necessary and should consider OC heterogeneity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"14 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70159","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142827430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Resting-State Activities of the Angular Gyrus and the Micturition Desire-Awakening Function in Children With and Without Enuresis","authors":"Xindi Lin,&nbsp;Shaogen Zhong,&nbsp;Mengxing Wang,&nbsp;Yi Mao,&nbsp;Yuhan Wu,&nbsp;Jiayi Lu,&nbsp;Wei Zhong,&nbsp;Di Wu,&nbsp;Jun Ma","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70177","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.70177","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Micturition desire-awakening (MDA) function plays a pivotal role in the development of primary nocturnal enuresis (PNE); however, its neural correlates remain largely unexplored. Consequently, this study aimed to identify specific brain regional activities associated with MDA function.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Neuroimaging data were collected from 173 children with varying MDA functional grade scores at the Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, from July 2018 to November 2022. Resting-state images were analyzed using whole-brain correlation techniques and AlphaSim correction to identify brain regional activities and resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) associated with MDA functional grade scores.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Whole-brain correlation analysis demonstrated that the fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations in the right angular gyrus (AG) exhibited a negative correlation with MDA functional grade scores (<i>r</i>_s = −0.336, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), indicating reduced neural activity in this region with MDA dysfunction. Conversely, RSFC between the right middle frontal gyrus and the right AG was positively correlated with MDA functional grade scores (<i>r</i>_s = 0.274, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), suggesting increased connectivity in these areas associated with worse MDA functionality.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These findings provide preliminary insights into the neural underpinnings of MDA functionality.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"14 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11638489/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142817249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mendelian Randomization Study Investigating the Causal Relationship Between Thyroid Dysfunction and Cerebral Infarction","authors":"Letai Li,&nbsp;Jiajie Leng,&nbsp;Haibing Xiong,&nbsp;Zishan Deng,&nbsp;Meng Ye,&nbsp;Haiyan Wang,&nbsp;Xin Guo,&nbsp;Shi Zeng,&nbsp;Haofeng Xiong,&nbsp;Jianhong Huo","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70188","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.70188","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> BACKGROUND</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There is an association between thyroid dysfunction and cerebral infarction (CI), but the causality cannot be determined. A two-sample two-way Mendelian randomization (MR) study was conducted to assess the causal relationship between thyroid function and CI.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> METHODS</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We selected single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with five phenotypes, including CI from the UK Biobank (<i>n</i> = 361,194), hyperthyroidism from the IEU Open GWAS database (<i>n</i> = 484,598), hypothyroidism from the IEU Open GWAS database (<i>n</i> = 473,703), normal thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) (<i>n</i> = 271,040), and normal free thyroxine (FT4) (<i>n</i> = 119,120) from the Thyroidomics Consortium database. For the forward MR analysis, the exposures were hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, TSH, and FT4. The inverse variance weighted (IVW) method, weighted median (WM), and MR-Egger revealed the causality with CI. For the reverse MR analysis, CI was regarded as the exposure, and four thyroid function phenotypes were the outcomes. The sensitivity and heterogeneity test was assessed using Cochran's Q test, MR-Egger regression, and leave-one-out analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> RESULTS</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The MR analysis indicated that genetic susceptibility to hyperthyroidism increased the risk of CI (IVW-OR = 1.070; 95% CI: 1.015–1.128; <i>p</i> = 0.003). In reverse MR, genetic susceptibility to RA is not associated with hyperthyroidism (IVW-OR = 1.001; 95% CI: 1.000–1.001; <i>p</i> = 0.144). Any positive or reverse causal relationship between hypothyroidism, FT4, and TSH with CI could not be established. Sensitivity and heterogeneity test consolidated our findings.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> CONCLUSION</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The causality between CI and hyperthyroidism demonstrated patients with hyperthyroidism have a risk of genetic variants for CI. In the future, further studies are needed to fully explore their mechanisms of action.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"14 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11635123/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142812164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy on Functional and Structural Plasticity in Rats With Spinal Cord Injury","authors":"Xinyi Yang,&nbsp;Zhongyue Wu,&nbsp;Huimin Lai,&nbsp;Lingling Chen,&nbsp;Dairong Cao,&nbsp;Fang Liu","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70196","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.70196","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Spinal cord injury (SCI) can result in sensory and locomotor function loss below the injured segment. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) has been proven to alleviate SCI. This study aims to establish a reproducible rat model of SCI and investigate the impact of HBOT on alterations in brain neuronal activity and neuromotor function in this experimental rat SCI model using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This is a prospective randomized controlled animal trial. A total number of 27 female SD rats were randomly divided into three groups: sham (<i>n</i> = 9), SCI (<i>n</i> = 9), and HBO (<i>n</i> = 9). rs-fMRI was utilized to assess regional homogeneity (ReHo) values and functional connectivity (FC) strength over the whole brain with the motor cortex as seeds. Correlation between neuroimaging characteristics and behavioral assessment was calculated. We examined Nissl body, NeuN, and caspase-3 expression in relevant brain regions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Following SCI, reduced ReHo values were observed in the left primary somatosensory cortex, left striatum, right agranular insular cortex, and partial cortex in the limbic system, which was reversed after HBOT. HBOT could increase FC strength between the motor cortex and other brain regions, including the left secondary motor cortex, right basal forebrain region, bilateral primary somatosensory cortex, bilateral thalamus, and another partial cortex in the limbic system. BBB scale scores showed that HBOT promoted motor function recovery in SCI rats. The ReHo and FC values in all positive clusters were positively correlated with BBB scores. By histopathological analysis, our study found that HBOT could reduce apoptotic proteins, increase the number of neurons, and protect neuronal function in brain regions with significant ReHo and FC alteration in SCI rats.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study reveals that HBOT facilitates functional and structural plasticity in the brain, contributing to the recovery of motor function in rats with SCI.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"14 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11635125/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142812165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Direct Initiation of Levodopa–Carbidopa Intestinal Gel Infusion After a Positive Levodopa Challenge Test in Advanced Parkinson's Disease","authors":"Vili Viljaharju,&nbsp;Tuomas Mertsalmi,&nbsp;K. Amande M. Pauls,&nbsp;Maija Koivu,&nbsp;Johanna Eerola-Rautio,&nbsp;Marianne Udd,&nbsp;Eero Pekkonen","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70193","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.70193","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Levodopa–carbidopa intestinal gel (LCIG) is an established treatment option in advanced Parkinson's disease (PD). LCIG treatment is usually initiated with a nasojejunal tube (NJT) test phase before percutaneous endoscopic transgastric jejunostomy (PEG-J) tube installation. However, some centers have used direct initiation with PEG-J. Data comparing these approaches are scarce. The objective of this study was to analyze the risks and benefits of direct PEG-J initiation after a positive levodopa challenge test (LCT) for selected patients compared to initiation with a temporary NJT test phase.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Thirty-three consecutive advanced PD patients commenced LCIG-treatment between February 2016 and December 2019 at Helsinki University Hospital. Of them, 11 (33%) selected patients had direct initiation without an NJT test phase. Treatment discontinuations and adverse events during the first 6 months of treatment were evaluated retrospectively. The duration of hospital stay related to the initiation of the treatment was compared between the groups.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Between the direct initiation and NJT test phase groups, there were no significant differences in treatment discontinuations (0 vs. 1, respectively); the number of inner tube or PEG-J tube replacements (1 vs. 3); or infection complications (1 vs. 3) during the first 6 months of treatment. Direct initiation significantly reduced the hospital stay related to treatment initiation (mean 7 vs. 9 days, <i>p</i> = 0.001).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>For selected patients, the direct initiation of LCIG after a positive LCT, without a temporary NJT test phase, appears safe and does not lead to additional treatment discontinuations or complications.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"14 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11635121/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142812163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}