Brain and Behavior最新文献

{"title":"Accelerating Brain MR Imaging With Multisequence and Convolutional Neural Networks","authors":"Zhanhao Mo,&nbsp;He Sui,&nbsp;Zhongwen Lv,&nbsp;Xiaoqian Huang,&nbsp;Guobin Li,&nbsp;Dinggang Shen,&nbsp;Lin Liu,&nbsp;Shu Liao","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70163","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.70163","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) refers to one of the critical image modalities for diagnosis, whereas its long acquisition time limits its application. In this study, the aim was to investigate whether deep learning–based techniques are capable of using the common information in different MRI sequences to reduce the scan time of the most time-consuming sequences while maintaining the image quality.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fully sampled T1-FLAIR, T2-FLAIR, and T2WI brain MRI raw data originated from 217 patients and 105 healthy subjects. The T1-FLAIR and T2-FLAIR sequences were subsampled using Cartesian masks based on four different acceleration factors. The fully sampled T1/T2-FLAIR images were predicted from undersampled T1/T2-FLAIR images and T2WI images through deep learning–based reconstruction. They were qualitatively assessed by two senior radiologists in accordance with the diagnosis decision and a four-point scale image quality score. Furthermore, the images were quantitatively assessed based on regional signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) and contrast-to-noise ratios (CNRs). The chi-square test was performed, where <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05 indicated a difference with statistical significance.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The diagnosis decisions from two senior radiologists remained unchanged in accordance with the accelerated and fully sampled images. There were no significant differences in the regional SNRs and CNRs of most assessed regions (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05) between the accelerated and fully sampled images. Moreover, no significant difference was identified in the image quality assessed by two senior radiologists (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Deep learning–based image reconstruction is capable of significantly expediting the brain MR imaging process and producing acceptable image quality without affecting diagnosis decisions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"14 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70163","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142646629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acceptability and Feasibility of Using Hair Samples for Chronic Stress Measurement Among Transgender Women in Brazil","authors":"Sophia Zamudio-Haas,&nbsp;Paula Galdino Cardin de Carvalho,&nbsp;Alexander Marr,&nbsp;A. Rain Mocelle,&nbsp;Antonio Moscatelli,&nbsp;Katia Cristina Bassichetto,&nbsp;Gustavo Santa Roza Saggese,&nbsp;Patric V. Prado,&nbsp;Roy Gerona,&nbsp;Sheri A. Lippman,&nbsp;Maria Amélia Veras,&nbsp;Jae M. Sevelius","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70156","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.70156","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Introduction&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The ability to objectively measure chronic stress has important implications for research, prevention, and treatment. Cortisol is currently the most used biological marker in the investigation of stress and can be measured via blood, saliva, and urine; however, these methods have disadvantages. The measurement of cortisol in hair is a more recently developed method that quantifies the cumulative production of cortisol over longer periods of time. Given the potential benefits of hair as a chronic stress biometric, research with this novel method is burgeoning, yet rarely involves transgender (“trans”) populations, despite high levels of reported stress among trans people due to experiences of stigma and discrimination. Since hair is a key part of gender presentation, trans people might be less likely than cisgender people to donate hair for research. To explore the feasibility and acceptability of hair collection for use as a stress biometric with trans women, we nested a study into an ongoing clinical trial in São Paulo, Brazil, “&lt;i&gt;Manas por Manas&lt;/i&gt;” (Sisters for Sisters). Here, we describe the hair biometric substudy protocol, as well as the feasibility and acceptability of collecting hair in the study cohort.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;We randomly selected a subsample (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 180) from the &lt;i&gt;Manas por Manas&lt;/i&gt; cohort (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 392), all of whom are trans women, age 18 or older. We messaged participants via phone, WhatsApp, or social media for at least three attempted contacts. Study visits included four components: (1) video introduction, including a demonstration of hair sampling; (2) informed consent; (3) a brief survey with the validated Short Stress Overload Scale (translated to Portuguese) and questions on hair care that could moderate stress hormone results; and (4) hair sample collection. Hair samples were collected and stored using validated protocols. Participants were reimbursed for travel costs.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Between April and December 2022, we messaged with 143 individuals out of the 180 sampled (79%) and invited them to participate in the study. Of those invited to participate, we scheduled study visits with 102 people (71.3% of those invited to participate), of whom 100 attended their study visits and completed all activities. Two people did not attend their study visits and stopped communication. Of those who were invited to participate and declined a study visit, four individuals declined due to the hair sample collection procedures (2.8% of those invited to participate). Other reasons for declining to participate included havin","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"14 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70156","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142646575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurofilament Light Chain Is Associated With Acute Mountain Sickness","authors":"Klaus Berek,&nbsp;Anna Lindner,&nbsp;Franziska Di Pauli,&nbsp;Gabriel Bsteh,&nbsp;Benedikt Treml,&nbsp;Markus Ponleitner,&nbsp;Clemens Engler,&nbsp;Axel Kleinsasser,&nbsp;Thomas Berger,&nbsp;Maria Wille,&nbsp;Martin Burtscher,&nbsp;Florian Deisenhammer,&nbsp;Harald Hegen","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70165","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.70165","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Neurological symptoms are common in acute mountain sickness (AMS); however, the extent of neuroaxonal damage remains unclear. Neurofilament light chain (NfL) is an established blood biomarker for neuroaxonal damage.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To investigate whether plasma (p) NfL levels increase after simulated altitude exposure, correlate with the occurrence of AMS, and might be mitigated by preacclimatization.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Healthy subjects were exposed to simulated high altitude (4500 m) by the use of a normobaric hypoxic chamber at the University of Innsbruck two times, that is, within Cycle 1 (C1) over 12 h, and within Cycle 2 (C2) for another 12 h but with a random assignment to prior acclimatization or sham acclimatization. Before each cycle (measurement [M] 1 and 3) and after each cycle (M2 and M4), clinical data (arterial oxygen saturation [SaO₂], heart rate, and Lake Louise AMS score [LLS]) and plasma samples were collected. pNfL was measured using single-molecule array (Simoa) technique.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>pNfL levels did not significantly change within each study cycle, but increased over the total study period (M1: 4.57 [3.34–6.39], M2: 4.58 [3.74–6.0], M3: 5.64, and M4: 6.53 [4.65–7.92] pg/mL, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Subjects suffering from AMS during the study procedures showed higher pNfL levels at M4 (6.80 [6.19–8.13] vs. 5.75 [4.17–7.35], <i>p</i> = 0.048), a higher total pNfL increase (2.88 [1.21–3.48] vs. 0.91 [0.53–1.48], <i>p</i> = 0.022) compared to subjects without AMS. An effect of preacclimatization on pNfL levels could not be observed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>pNfL increases alongside exposure to simulated altitude and is associated with AMS.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"14 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70165","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142646822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Behavioral Analyses in Dark Agouti Rats Following Repeated Systemic Treatment With Fingolimod (FTY720)","authors":"Marie Jakobs,&nbsp;Lisa Trautmann,&nbsp;Martin Hadamitzky,&nbsp;Julia Bihorac,&nbsp;Lucie Jacquet,&nbsp;Uwe Christians,&nbsp;Björn Schniedewind,&nbsp;Laura Lückemann,&nbsp;Manfred Schedlowski","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70146","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.70146","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Studies in experimental animals revealed that acute and chronic treatment with small-molecule immunosuppressive drugs lead to neurobehavioral alterations in rodents.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Against this background, this study investigated behavioral alterations in rats after repeated administration of FTY720, an immunosuppressive drug used for the treatment of multiple sclerosis, employing the open field, elevated plus maze, and dark/light tests.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Compared to controls, repeated FTY720 treatment affected behavior in rats, reflected by a reduction in distance traveled as well as increased time engaged in freezing in the open field and elevated plus maze. Furthermore, the time spent freezing in the elevated plus maze test positively correlated with FTY720 concentrations in the amygdala and insular cortex, two brain regions involved in regulation of emotionality. Since no changes in plasma corticosterone levels were observed, stress effects due to treatment, behavioral testing, or handling can be ruled out.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The present findings indicate that treatment with FTY720 did not induce typical anxiety-like behavioral patterns in otherwise healthy rats as seen following treatment with other immunosuppressive drugs. Nevertheless, it remains of great importance to evaluate behavioral effects in clinical practice to shed more light onto possible detrimental side effects emerging during treatment with small-molecule immunosuppressive drugs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"14 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70146","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142646815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diabetes Mellitus and Risk of Future Stroke: Evidence From CHARLS and Mendelian Randomization Analyses","authors":"Zetai Bai,&nbsp;Zheyi Wang,&nbsp;Mei Li,&nbsp;Deyuan Kong,&nbsp;Guanzhao Wu","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70151","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.70151","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Objectives</b>: This study leveraged the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) to explore the association between diabetes and stroke in middle-aged and older adults in East Asia and assess the causality of this relationship using Mendelian randomization.</p><p><b>Methods</b>: Data from the 2011–2020 CHARLS cohort identified individuals with diabetes at baseline. Stroke incidence was self-reported through standardized questionnaires. Logistic regression and restricted cubic spline analysis examined the relationship between diabetes and stroke risk alongside nonlinear correlations between glucose levels and stroke. Mendelian randomization clarified the causal link and analyzed the mediating effect between diabetes and stroke using genetic methods.</p><p><b>Results</b>: In the study population aged 45 and above, stroke incidence was 5.99% in normoglycemic, 6.82% in prediabetic, and 9.93% in diabetic individuals. Over 7 years, 473 strokes occurred. Diabetes was associated with a 1.35-fold increased stroke risk compared to normoglycemia (OR = 1.35; 95% CI: 1.03–1.79). Subgroup analyses highlighted higher stroke risks in middle-aged women, nonsmokers, and nondrinkers. Mendelian randomization supports a genetic causal relationship between diabetes and stroke. Diabetes may indirectly lead to stroke through the mediating effects of hypertension and high cholesterol.</p><p><b>Conclusion</b>: The findings confirm a significant association and causal link between diabetes and stroke risk in an East Asian population. In addition, the results indicate that controlling blood glucose in prediabetic individuals reduces stroke risk, with no similar benefits in diabetes.</p>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"14 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70151","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142646817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Carotid Stenosis in a High-Stroke-Risk Population by Hemodynamic Dual-Parameters Based on Ultrasound Vector Flow Imaging","authors":"Shaofu Hong,&nbsp;Yinghui Dong,&nbsp;Wenjing Gao,&nbsp;Di Song,&nbsp;Mengmeng Liu,&nbsp;Weiyue Li,&nbsp;Yigang Du,&nbsp;Jinfeng Xu,&nbsp;Fajin Dong","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70150","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.70150","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study explored the feasibility of using high-frame-rate ultrasound vector flow imaging (VFI) to quantitatively assess hemodynamics in atherosclerotic internal carotid artery stenosis (ICAS) by evaluating dual-parameters, turbulence index (Tur), and wall shear stress (WSS). Their efficacy in evaluating carotid artery stenosis was also analyzed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fifty-nine patients with ICAS were enrolled. B-mode ultrasound and V Flow (a high-frame-rate VFI) were performed using the Resona R9 system. The stenosis rate was measured in grayscale mode, whereas the time-averaged Tur index, the time-averaged WSS (WSS_mean), and maximum WSS (WSS_max) around stenosis were measured. The combined diagnostic efficacy of Tur inand WSS was also investigated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Compared to proximal to stenosis (Tur index, 2.88% ± 3.65%), highly disordered blood flow was observed in the stenotic (23.17% ± 15.52%, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and distal segment (25.86% ± 17.29%, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). WSS_max ([11.91 ± 6.73] vs. [4.43 ± 5.4] Pa, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and WSS_mean ([3.42 ± 2.67] vs. [0.86 ± 1.21] Pa, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) were significantly bigger in stenotic than those in the distal segment. The differences in the ratio WSS_max/Tur or WSS_mean/Tur among different segments around stenosis were statistically significant (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). The combination of Tur index and WSS had the best diagnostic performance in ICAS (AUC, 0.899).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The application of Tur index and WSS for quantitative assessment of ICAS hemodynamic changes is feasible, with the combined evaluation of these two parameters providing incremental diagnostic value for carotid artery stenosis. VFI-based dual quantitative parameters may offer promising noninvasive diagnostic tools for carotid artery stenosis in high-stroke-risk populations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"14 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70150","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142646820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The COVID-19 Pandemic and Its Influence on Patients With Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1: Lessons Learned","authors":"Vera E. A. Kleinveld,&nbsp;Johanna E. Bruijnes,&nbsp;Samuel Labrecque,&nbsp;Danielle E. G. Jeurissen-Bekkering,&nbsp;Catharina G. Faber,&nbsp;Corinne G. C. Horlings","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70162","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.70162","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Introduction</b>: Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) patients might represent a high-risk population for severe COVID-19 disease, as cardiopulmonary symptoms are part of the clinical spectrum of DM1. The COVID-19 pandemic may have impacted DM1 patients. We aimed to determine the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on DM1 patients to guide management strategies in possible future pandemics.</p><p><b>Methods</b>: Data on the presence of a COVID-19 infection were retrieved from 195 DM1 patients in the MYODRAFT database. Between August 12 and October 4, 2021, 82 patients and proxies filled out a questionnaire on COVID-19 symptoms, well-being, and organization of care. Data were compared to prepandemic data.</p><p><b>Results</b>: A total of 18 patients had COVID-19 (13 confirmed, 5 probable infections). The prevalence of COVID-19 in our cohort was 9.2%, which was lower than in the Dutch population (11.5%). Four patients (22.2%) were hospitalized due to a COVID-19 infection, which was higher than in the Dutch population (3.6%). Two infected patients died. A high rate of canceled appointments was reported. Patients reported no change in physical functioning during the pandemic, whereas proxies reported a deterioration in mental and physical well-being of patients.</p><p><b>Conclusions</b>: The prevalence of COVID-19 infections was not higher in DM1 patients than in the general population, but DM1 patients are more susceptible to complicated disease when infected. Longitudinal data on patient-reported physical functioning suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic and the pandemic management strategies implemented did not influence the course of disease in DM1 patients, and similar strategies can be re-used in comparable situations.</p>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"14 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70162","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142646848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fructus Arctii Mitigates Depressive Disorder via the Let-7e-Modulated Toll-Like Receptor (TLR) Signaling Pathway","authors":"Weifang Zhang,&nbsp;Qin Zhou","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70132","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.70132","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Depressive disorder is a common and serious public health challenge globally. Fructus arctii is a traditional medicinal plant ingredient with diverse pharmacological effects. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of Fructus arctii in alleviating depressive-like behaviors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We established a chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced depression mouse model to assess the antidepressant effects of Fructus arctii. BV2 cells treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were used to mimic neuronal damage. Behavioral tests, including the sucrose preference test, tail-suspension test, and forced swim test, were conducted to evaluate the impact of Fructus arctii on depressive-like behaviors. Let-7e expression was detected by RT-qPCR, and TLR4 signaling pathway activation was evaluated by western blot analysis, which also assessed the inflammatory response by measuring levels of IL-6, IL-1β, MCP-1, TNF-α, and iNOS. Immunohistological analysis was conducted to detect the expression of microglia markers. Luciferase reporter assays verified the interaction between let-7e and TLR4.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fructus arctii administration effectively alleviated depressive-like behaviors induced by CUMS in mice, as evidenced by improved sucrose preference and reduced immobility time in behavioral tests. Mechanistically, Fructus arctii reversed the CUMS-induced downregulation of let-7e and upregulation of TLR4 and MyD88 protein levels in mice hippocampus tissues. In addition, Fructus arctii suppressed microglial activation and reduced the levels of inflammatory factors by upregulating let-7e. Let-7e was verified to bind to TLR4, thereby negatively regulating its expression. TLR4 overexpression reversed the suppressive effect of let-7e upregulation on inflammatory reactions and microglial activation. Furthermore, intracerebroventricular injection of let-7e agomiR alleviated depressive-like behavior and inhibited microglial activation in vivo.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In summary, Fructus arctii mitigates depression by regulating the let-7e/TLR4/MyD88 pathway, offering new insights into potential depression therapies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"14 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11560858/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142614665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rhynchophylline Alleviates Hyperactivity and Cognitive Flexibility Impairment Associated With Inhibition of Inflammatory Responses in Mice That Partly Lack the Dopamine Transporter Protein","authors":"Jijun Li,&nbsp;Bojun Chen,&nbsp;Zai-wang Li,&nbsp;Yi Wang,&nbsp;Ian Alberts,&nbsp;Kexing Sun,&nbsp;Xiaohong Li","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70121","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.70121","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Rhynchophylline (RHY) can alleviate some cognitive flexibility impairment and stereotyped behavior for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and Tourette syndrome (TS) patients as one of a key extract and an active ingredient in Ningdong granule (NDG), which is a Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) preparation widely used in the treatment of ADHD and TS children in China; however, the underlying mechanism is not well understood. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate how RHY alleviates hyperactivity and cognitive flexibility impairment while inhibiting inflammatory responses in mice that partly lack dopamine transporter protein (DAT− mice).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Male DAT− mice were randomly divided into the RHY group (<i>n</i> = 8) and administered RHY (30 mg/kg) in the DAT− group (<i>n</i> = 8) and administered saline (i.p., 10 mL/kg) in wild-type (WT) mice as the WT control group (<i>n</i> = 8). Hyperactivity and cognitive flexibility impairment were evaluated by the open field test (OFT) and the Morris water maze (MWM) test. The levels of the inflammatory factors of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in cortical homogenates were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) after 8 weeks of treatment with RHY. In vitro, primary microglia and astrocytes extracted from the cortices of DAT− neonatal mice and WT neonatal mice were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (1 mg/mL) to induce neuroinflammatory responses and with RHY (20 mM) for 48 h. The levels of the inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-1β, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) in the culture medium were measured at 6 h, 24 h, and 48 h after treatment with LPS and RHY.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>RHY ameliorated hyperactivity and cognitive flexibility impairment in DAT− mice and inhibited the expression of the inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-1β, iNOS, and COX-2 in microglia and astrocytes in vitro, and also inhibited the expression of TNF-α and IL-1β in cortical homogenates after 8 weeks of treatment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>RHY improved hyperactivity and cognitive flexibility impairment through inhibiting inflammatory responses in DAT− mice.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"14 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11554589/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142614666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of Mood Disorders in Self-Reported Versus Health Administrative Data","authors":"Irène Dohouin,&nbsp;Maude Laberge,&nbsp;Anaïs Lacasse,&nbsp;Thomas G. Poder,&nbsp;TorSaDE Cohort working group","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70126","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.70126","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Background&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Producing relevant knowledge on the prevalence of mood disorders (MDs) requires a clear identification of people living with the condition. Analyzing this multifaceted disease from the perspective of health administrative data and population-based surveys could contribute to document inconsistencies between these data sources and highlight the strengths and limitations of each methodological approaches.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Objectives&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of MD disease, assess concordance of MD patterns in population-based surveys versus health administrative data, and investigate statistical differences in characteristics between individuals presenting the disease in each data sources.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;This study used the Care Trajectories—Enriched Data (TorSaDE) cohort. The TorSaDE cohort is built by merging five waves of the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) with health administrative data of the province of Quebec, Canada. The sample includes individuals who participated in at least one round of CCHS and for whom evidence of use of health services in the year of CCHS completion and the year before were present in health administrative data. The cohort was split into four groups based on the presence and absence of MD in self-reported versus health administrative data. Groups' characteristics were compared using chi-square tests and ANOVA.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The study cohort was composed of 96,079 individuals, of which 10,418 (10.8%) had MD, regardless of the data sources. Self-reported prevalence of MD was 6.03%, while the prevalence from health administrative data was about 7.79%. Estimates showed a low level of concordance between the two measures, as only 27.4% of people presenting this medical condition were identified in both data sources. Furthermore, individuals identified with MD only in survey data had poorer socioeconomic outcomes but better health outcomes than those from the concordant group (i.e., identified in both data sources). In addition, people presenting MD in health administrative data only had better socioeconomic and health outcomes than those who reported MD diagnosis only in survey data.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Findings suggest that each measure capture different specific subpopulations. Estimates obtained from each source should thus be contextua","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"14 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11542294/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142602936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}