Brain and Behavior最新文献

{"title":"Mechanical Thrombectomy for Treatment of Acute Cerebral Infarction due to Distal Medium Vessel Occlusions: A Retrospective Cohort Study.","authors":"Lihong Zhang, Fanfan Su, Jianhui Zhang, Jia Xu, Manhong Zhao, Di Li, Lin Yin","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70119","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is standard of care for acute cerebral infarction (ACI) due to large vessel occlusions. However, its clinical efficacy in patients with ACI due to distal medium vessel occlusions (DMVOs) remains unclear. This study evaluates the efficacy and safety of MT in patients with ACI due to DMVOs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Totally, 306 patients with ACI at a very early stage were assigned into DMVOs-MT, M1-MT, and DMVOs-intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) groups. These groups were compared regarding baseline data, recanalization rate, location of vessel occlusions, number of thrombectomy, first-pass recanalization, mRS scores, NIHSS scores, 90-day mRS scores, incidence of adverse events, and mortality. Risk factors for poor prognosis of patients with DMVOs following MT were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>DMVOs-MT and M1-MT groups showed comparable first-pass recanalization rates, recanalization rates, and NIHSS score reduction ratios, with marked differences in location of vessel occlusions. Versus DMVOs-IVT, DMVOs-MT had increased differences between pre- and post-treatment NIHSS scores and between pre-treatment NIHSS scores and NIHSS scores at discharge and elevated NIHSS reduction ratios. The poor prognosis rate of DMVOs-MT group was insignificantly different from that of M1-MT group but lower than that of DMVOs-IVT group. Adverse events and mortality incidences were comparable among the three groups. Diabetes, first-pass recanalization, and pre-treatment NIHSS scores were independent risk factors for poor prognosis in DMVO patients after MT.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>MT is as effective and safe in patients with DMVOs as in patients with M1 occlusions. In patients with DMVOs, MT has higher efficacy and safety than IVT.</p>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142603037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cannabis Use and Age-Related Changes in Cognitive Function From Early Adulthood to Late Midlife in 5162 Danish Men.","authors":"Kirstine Maarup Høeg, Rasmus Ljungbeck Frodegaard, Marie Grønkjær, Merete Osler, Erik Lykke Mortensen, Trine Flensborg-Madsen, Gunhild Tidemann Okholm","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70136","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Cannabis is by far the most widely used and abused drug listed on the Drug Enforcement Administration's Schedule I, which includes drugs with a high potential for abuse. There is evidence of short-term negative effects of cannabis use on cognition, but only a limited number of studies have explored the association between cannabis use and age-related cognitive decline. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between cannabis use and age-related cognitive decline from early adulthood to late midlife.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study population consisted of 5162 men who had participated in Danish follow-up studies on cognitive aging. These studies included scores on the military intelligence test Børge Prien's Prøve from both the conscription assessment (mean age = 20 years; p1 and p99: 18 and 26 years) and from the follow-up (mean age = 64 years; p1 and p99: 55 and 72 years) as well as extensive data on lifestyle and health from the follow-up questionnaires. The association between cannabis use and age-related cognitive decline was investigated in linear regression models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Men with a history of cannabis use had less cognitive decline from early adulthood to late midlife compared to men without a history of cannabis use. Among cannabis users, neither age of initiation of cannabis use nor frequent use was significantly associated with a greater age-related cognitive decline.</p><p><strong>Discussion and conclusions: </strong>In a sample of more than 5000 men followed for a mean of 44 years, we found no significant harmful effects of cannabis use on age-related cognitive decline.</p>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142603030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Upper Robot-Assisted Training on Upper Limb Motor, Daily Life Activities, and Muscular Tone in Patients With Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"Tingting Su,&nbsp;Mengting Wang,&nbsp;Zhouyang Chen,&nbsp;Liang Feng","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70117","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.70117","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Upper limb rehabilitation robot is a relatively new technology, but its effectiveness remains debatable due to the inconsistent results of clinical trials. This article intends to assess how upper limb rehabilitation robots help the functional recovery of stroke patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases were searched for eligible studies to explore the effect of upper limb rehabilitation robots on upper limb motor function, muscle tone, and daily living activities.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Eighteen trials with 573 stroke patients met the inclusion criteria. The results showed that compared to conventional rehabilitation training, patients who received upper limb robotic therapy (RT) had significantly improved Fugl-Meyer Upper Extremity Motor Assessment (FMA-UE) scores (weighted mean differences [WMD]: 5.27, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 3.36, 7.17), Action Research Arm Test (ARAT) scores (WMD: 4.07, 95% CI: −4.14, 12.28), Modified Barthel Index (MBI) scores (WMD: 9.55, 95% CI: 6.37, 12.73), and modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) scores (WMD: −0.28, 95% CI: −0.50, 0.06), with no significant heterogeneity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Upper limb robot–assisted training is superior to conventional training in terms of improving upper limb motor impairment, ability to perform daily living activities, and muscle tone recovery, which supports the application of robots in clinical practice.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70117","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142557103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progress on the Mechanisms and Neuroprotective Benefits of Dexmedetomidine in Brain Diseases","authors":"Zhenxing Tao,&nbsp;Pengpeng Li,&nbsp;Xudong Zhao","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70116","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.70116","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Dexmedetomidine, a highly specific α2 agonist, has been extensively utilized in clinical sedation and surgical anesthesia since its introduction in 2000 due to its excellent sympatholytic, sedative, and analgesic effects. This review aimed to identify new approaches for the treatment of patients with brain disorders by thoroughly describing the mechanism of action of dexmedetomidine and examining its neuroprotective effects from the standpoints of basic and clinical research.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched using the keywords dexmedetomidine and related brain diseases, although relevant articles from the last decade were included for detailed summarization and analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Dexmedetomidine has shown strong neuroprotective effects, such as protection of the blood-brain barrier, decreased neuronal death, maintained hemodynamic stability, and reduced postoperative agitation and cognitive dysfunction. Furthermore, dexmedetomidine has been shown to exert various neuroprotective effects, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidative stress effects, modulation of autophagy, and reduction of apoptosis in cerebral diseases.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Dexmedetomidine acts as a neuroprotective agent against brain diseases during all phases of treatment. However, clinical trials with larger sample sizes are required to optimize dosage and dosing strategies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70116","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142557106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation Between Regulation of Intestinal Flora by Danggui-Shaoyao-San and Improvement of Cognitive Impairment in Mice With Alzheimer's Disease","authors":"Ya-Han Wang,&nbsp;Peng-Li Ding,&nbsp;Kai-Xin Zhang,&nbsp;Xiang-Qing Xu,&nbsp;He Li","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70110","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.70110","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The abnormal central glucose metabolism in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is related to the brain–gut axis. This study aims to explore the target of Danggui-Shaoyao-San (DSS) in improving cognitive impairment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study analyzed the differences in mice intestinal flora by 16S rRNA sequencing. The cognitive protective effects of DSS were observed through the Morris water maze and the new object recognition. The mitigation effects of DSS on Aβ and p-tau, regulatory effects on glucose metabolism targets, and intestinal structure effects were observed through brain and colon slices staining. The differences in neural ultrastructure were compared by transmission electron microscopy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Finding</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The results showed that DSS affected the composition of intestinal dominant bacteria and bacteria genera and regulated the abundance of intestinal bacteria in AD mice. DSS improved the behavior of AD mice, alleviated the deposition of AD pathological products in the brain and colon, regulated the expression of glycometabolism-related proteins, and improved the colon barrier structure and neural ultrastructure in the brain of mice with AD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our findings suggest that DSS may affect AD central glucose metabolism and improve cognition by regulating the gut–brain axis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70110","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142557102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Hearing Aids in Improving Dual-Task Gait Performance in Older Adults With Presbycusis: A Cognitive and Motor Analysis","authors":"Emre Soylemez,&nbsp;Tugce Gurel Soylemez,&nbsp;Aydin Sinan Apaydin,&nbsp;Zuhal Koc Apaydin,&nbsp;Murat Yasar","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70114","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.70114","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cognitive decline is a common challenge faced by older individuals with presbycusis; their performance on dual-task (DT) activities is generally lower compared to those without hearing loss. However, the influence of hearing aids on nonauditory cognitive decline in this population remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the effect of hearing aids on nonauditory DT performance in older adults with presbycusis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Material and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study included older people with presbycusis who used hearing aids (P&amp;HA group), those with presbycusis who did not use hearing aids (PoHA group), and a control group of healthy adults. Forward and backward digit span tests and timed up and go test (TUG) were administered to all individuals. TUG and motor and cognitive (forward and backward digit span) tasks were applied simultaneously to evaluate the participants' DT performance.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study comprised 60 individuals with presbycusis (19 females, 41 males; mean age: 73.23 ± 6.49 years) and 30 healthy adults (15 females, 15 males; mean age: 35.93 ± 8.57 years). Healthy adults performed better than the P&amp;HA and PoHA groups in all the administered tests (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). There was a moderate negative relationship between the severity of hearing loss and the forward and backward digit span test performances (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). The P&amp;HA group performed better than the PoHA group on the DT cognitive forward and backward digit span tests.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The use of hearing aids and their proper fitting are important not only for improving communication skills and reducing listening effort but also for supporting nonauditory cognitive functions, minimizing the risk of falls during DT activities, and enhancing the overall quality of life.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70114","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142557107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating Sensitivity to Auditory Cognition in Listening Effort Assessments: A Simultaneous EEG and Pupillometry Study","authors":"Samet Kılıç,&nbsp;Eser Sendesen,&nbsp;Filiz Aslan,&nbsp;Nurhan Erbil,&nbsp;Özgür Aydın,&nbsp;Didem Türkyılmaz","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70135","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.70135","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>It is still not fully explained what kind of cognitive sources the methods used in the assessment of listening effort are more sensitive to and how these measurement results are related to each other. The aim of the study is to ascertain which neural resources crucial for listening effort are most sensitive to objective measurement methods using differently degraded speech stimuli.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 49 individuals between the ages of 19 and 34 with normal hearing participated in the study. In the first stage, simultaneous pupillometry, electroencephalogram (EEG), and single-task paradigm reaction time (RT) measurements were made during the challenging listening and repetition task with noise-vocoded speech. Two speech reception thresholds (SRT) (50% and 80%) for two vocoding conditions (16 and 6 channels) were collected, resulting in 4 conditions. In the second stage, the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) and the test of attention in listening (TAIL) were applied. Stepwise linear regression analyses were conducted to examine the predictors of listening effort measurements.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A significant difference was found between 6 and 16 channel stimuli in both pupil dilation change and EEG alpha band power change. In the hardest listening condition, whereas RAVLT scores are significant predictors of pupil dilation change, TAIL scores are significant predictors of EEG alpha power. As the stimulus difficulty decreased, the factors that predicted both EEG and pupillometry results decreased. In the single-task paradigm, a significant regression model could not be obtained at all four difficulty levels.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>As a result of the study, it was found that the pupil dilation change was more sensitive to auditory memory skills and the EEG alpha power change was more sensitive to auditory attention skills. To our knowledge, this study is the first to investigate the sensitivity of different listening effort measurement methods to auditory cognitive skills.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70135","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142557105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Association Between Cognitive Decline and Triglyceride-Glucose Index: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"Elina Ghondaghsaz,&nbsp;Amirmohammad Khalaji,&nbsp;Mehrdad Mahalleh,&nbsp;Mahdi Masrour,&nbsp;Parsa Mohammadi,&nbsp;Alessandro Cannavo,&nbsp;Amir Hossein Behnoush","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70131","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.70131","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cognitive decline and dementia are debilitating conditions that compromise the quality of life and charge the healthcare system with a substantial socioeconomic burden. In this context, emerging evidence supports an association between the triglyceride-glucose index (TyG), a surrogate insulin resistance marker, and cognitive decline and dementia. Hence, we systematically reviewed the studies assessing the TyG index in patients with cognitive decline and their controls.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Online international databases (PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and the Web of Science) were searched comprehensively for studies showing the TyG index in patients with cognitive decline/impairment. Random-effect meta-analyses were conducted to calculate the standardized mean difference (SMD), pooled odds ratio (OR), and pooled area under the curve (AUC), in addition to 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the comparisons of groups.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Seventeen studies were included in our analysis. Then, we conducted a meta-analysis, demonstrating that patients with cognitive decline had significantly higher levels of TyG index than those without (SMD 0.83, 95% CI 0.16 to 1.50, <i>p</i> = 0.015). Moreover, our data showed that a 1-unit increase in the TyG index was associated with higher odds of cognitive decline (adjusted OR [aOR] 2.86, 95% CI 1.49 to 5.50, <i>p</i> = 0.002). Further, we observed that patients in the fourth TyG quartile with higher values of the TyG index than the first quartile presented with more increased cognitive decline (aOR 1.62, 95%CI 1.11 to 2.38, <i>p</i> = 0.013). Finally, pooled AUC data for the diagnostic performance of the TyG index resulted in an overall AUC value of 0.73 (95% CI 0.66 to 0.79). Sensitivity and specificity were also calculated as 0.695 and 0.687, respectively.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study supports the clinical utility of the TyG index in patients with cognitive decline and solicits more focused studies to consolidate its usage in clinical settings and real-world practice.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70131","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142557104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Online Eye Tracking for Aphasia: A Feasibility Study Comparing Web and Lab Tracking and Implications for Clinical Use","authors":"Willem S. van Boxtel,&nbsp;Michael Linge,&nbsp;Rylee Manning,&nbsp;Lily N. Haven,&nbsp;Jiyeon Lee","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70112","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.70112","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background &amp; Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Studies using eye-tracking methodology have made important contributions to the study of language disorders such as aphasia. Nevertheless, in clinical groups especially, eye-tracking studies often include small sample sizes, limiting the generalizability of reported findings. Online, webcam-based tracking offers a potential solution to this issue, but web-based tracking has not been compared with in-lab tracking in past studies and has never been attempted in groups with language impairments.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials &amp; Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Patients with post-stroke aphasia (<i>n </i>= 16) and age-matched controls (<i>n </i>= 16) completed identical sentence-picture matching tasks in the lab (using an EyeLink system) and on the web (using WebGazer.js), with the order of sessions counterbalanced. We examined whether web-based eye tracking is as sensitive as in-lab eye tracking in detecting group differences in sentence processing.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Patients were less accurate and slower to respond to all sentence types than controls. Proportions of gazes to the target and foil picture were computed in 100 ms increments, which showed that the two modes of tracking were comparably sensitive to overall group differences across different sentence types. Web tracking showed comparable fluctuations in gaze proportions to target pictures to lab tracking in most analyses, whereas a delay of approximately 500–800 ms appeared in web compared to lab data.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion &amp; Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Web-based eye tracking is feasible to study impaired language processing in aphasia and is sensitive enough to detect most group differences between controls and patients. Given that validations of webcam-based tracking are in their infancy and how transformative this method could be to several disciplines, much more testing is warranted.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11519703/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142521012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Goreisan in the Perioperative Period of Subthalamic Deep Brain Stimulation in Parkinson's Disease","authors":"Hiroyuki Kajikawa,&nbsp;Keita Matsuura,&nbsp;Yuichiro Ii,&nbsp;Ken-ichi Tabei,&nbsp;Naoko Nakamura,&nbsp;Hidehiro Ishikawa,&nbsp;Yamato Nishiguchi,&nbsp;Kana Matsuda,&nbsp;Ken Kagawa,&nbsp;Naoki Ichikawa,&nbsp;Tomohiro Araki,&nbsp;Akihiro Shindo","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70069","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.70069","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) may benefit from deep brain stimulation (DBS). Perifocal brain edema sometimes occurs after DBS surgery, but it is transient and does not affect the final prognosis. Transient deterioration of cognitive function has been reported in patients with frontal edema in the first postoperative week. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Goreisan in preventing edematous changes after DBS and determine the influence of edema on cognition.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We included 29 patients with PD who underwent bilateral subthalamic nucleus (STN) DBS and who were divided into 2 groups: those using (11 patients) and those not using Goreisan (18 patients). At 1 week postoperatively, all patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging. We measured the volume of edema either in the frontal white matter or STN on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) images. Finally, brain edema, motor function, and cognitive function were compared between the groups with and without Goreisan.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In the FLAIR image 1 week postoperatively, the average postoperative frontal subcortical edema (FE) volume of the group with Goreisan was significantly lower than that without Goreisan (2249 ± 2186 mm³, 6261 ± 7213 mm³, respectively, <i>p</i> = 0.023). Multivariate analysis with age, preoperative Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score, FE, and peri-STN edema (SE) as factors, and MMSE at 1 week postoperatively as the dependent variable showed that preoperative MMSE score and SE were significant as associated factors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>FE after DBS surgery may be alleviated using Goreisan. SE and preoperative MMSE scores were associated with MMSE scores 1 week postoperatively.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Trial Registration</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Not applicable</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70069","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142521010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}