Brain and Behavior最新文献

{"title":"The Power of Posing: Do Body Display Instructions Have an Impact on Behavior in Daily Life?","authors":"Mai Bjørnskov Mikkelsen,&nbsp;Emma Elkjær,&nbsp;Douglas S. Mennin,&nbsp;Johannes Michalak,&nbsp;Mia S. O'Toole","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70643","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The present study investigated the effects of expansive and contractive body display instructions on adaptive behavior and affect within the context of personally relevant behavioral goals set in daily life. The moderating effects of motivational traits and symptoms of psychopathology were explored.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A sample of 127 adults identified personally relevant and challenging actions they wanted to take during each week for 12 consecutive weeks. Before taking action, participants were randomly assigned to listen to instructions for one of four body manipulations: (1) expansive, (2) contractive, (3) neutral, or (4) active control (i.e., walking in place). The behavioral outcome was the extent to which participants took the wanted action, and the affective outcomes were emotions, action tendencies, and appraisals.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The results showed no effect of body displays on behavior (<i>d </i>= 0.06) nor affect (<i>d</i>s = 0.02–0.06). Neither motivational traits nor symptoms of psychopathology moderated the effects of body displays on behavior and affect. Changes in action tendencies (i.e., avoid reward, approach reward) and appraisals (i.e., appraised difficulty, importance, and self-efficacy) predicted taking action as planned.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The results indicate that the body display instructions under investigation did not have an effect on taking action or associated affect. Such findings are more consistent with theories suggesting variability in the association between the motor system, emotions, and behavior across contexts than theories suggesting invariant associations. Future research may investigate individualized body displays and whether the effects of body manipulations vary systematically with features of the context.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70643","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144314924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal Suicide Risk in Children and Adolescents With Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"Peter Garas,&nbsp;Zsofia K. Takacs,&nbsp;Judit Balázs","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70618","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background/Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common mental disorders among young people and significantly affects their quality of life. Previous research suggests an increased risk of suicidal behavior among individuals with ADHD; however, this has not yet been investigated in a meta-analysis of long-term studies. The primary aim of this study was to conduct an updated systematic review of longitudinal studies on ADHD and suicidality supplemented by meta-analytic calculations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A systematic search was conducted across the following databases: OVID Medline, OVID PsychInfo, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Only longitudinal studies were included, in which most participants were under 18 years of age at baseline, had a clinical ADHD diagnosis, and provided sufficient data about suicidal behavior.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In total, nine studies were included in both the meta-analysis and narrative review. The average odds ratios were significant and small to moderate in size for the following aspects: overall suicidality (OR = 3.336, 95% CI: 2.201; 5.057, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), suicidal ideation (OR = 3.956, 95% CI: 1.996; 7.841, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), suicide attempt (OR = 3.344, 95% CI: 1.682; 6.650, <i>p</i> = 0.001), and death (OR = 3.891, 95% CI: 2.103; 7.198, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). The number of participants with ADHD ranged from 104 to 86,670, with a mean age between 5.2 and 14.94 years old, and the majority were male. Suicide behavior was more common in the ADHD combined subtype and the hyperactive/impulsive subtype. There are conflicting results regarding sex differences and the role of comorbidities.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The current systematic review and meta-analysis confirms previous findings that individuals with ADHD are at an elevated risk for suicidal behavior. However, this relationship is heterogeneous and complex, with significant differences across ADHD subtypes, age groups, sexes, comorbidities, and social issues, all of which play important roles in the development of suicidal behavior.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70618","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144314940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influences of Gait Training with Knee–Ankle–Foot Orthosis on Gait Ability and Independence in Severe Hemiplegia and Pusher Behavior with Unilateral Spatial Neglect Following Stroke: A Retrospective Historical Controlled Study","authors":"Kota Sawa,&nbsp;Miko Tamura,&nbsp;Saori Arai","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70535","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Background&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Orthotic therapy is crucial for post-stroke patients with severe motor paralysis and higher brain dysfunction, including pushers and unilateral spatial neglect (USN). These patients exhibit impaired postural control and compromised independence in activities of daily living (ADLs), often necessitating mid- to long-term intervention using knee–ankle–foot orthoses (KAFOs). However, the influences of extended orthotic intervention in severe and pusher cases remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to examine the influences of KAFO on walking ability and independence in severe hemiplegia with pusher and USN and pusher cases who wore KAFO and performed training routinely for more than 3 months.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;This longitudinal, retrospective, and historical controlled study included 44 patients: 22 hemiplegics (hemiplegia group) and 22 pushers (pusher group). Demographic data were matched using a propensity score to adjust for heterogeneity, resulting in a 1:1 patient ratio. KAFOs in both groups were defined as those used within 1 week of the rehabilitation prescription date. This mean as motor paralysis was severe, patients who used KAFOs for at least 3 months in rehabilitation situations. Outcomes comprised the following: &lt;i&gt;procedure A&lt;/i&gt;, comparing ambulation at admission and discharge (functional ambulation category [FAC]) and gait independence (FIM-gait) between groups;and procedure B, investigating factors affecting gait ability, and determinants of pusher behavior with USN presence, derived from demographics. In statistical analyses, procedure A employed two-way analysis of variance with Bonferroni post-hoc tests (p&lt;0.05), whereas procedure B employed multiple regression analysis (Stepwise method) to examine gait independence within the two groups, and logistic regression analysis (Wald method) was used to examine factors that generate pusher behavior with USN.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;In using orthotic devices, a significant interaction between gait independence and FAC, along with a simple main effect of timing and group, indicated less improvement at discharge for the pusher group (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05). Onset days and SPV variability errors influenced severe hemiplegia cases, whereas SPV-EO variability errors impacted USN cases, with moderate regression coefficients (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Discussion&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Long-term KAFO intervention demonstrated improvement in severe hemiplegia and modest improvement in USN cases.","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70535","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144315360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association Between Handgrip Strength and Suicidal Ideation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"Prakasini Satapathy,&nbsp;Abhay M Gaidhane,&nbsp;Nasir Vadia,&nbsp;Soumya V Menon,&nbsp;Kattela Chennakesavulu,&nbsp;Rajashree Panigrahi,&nbsp;Manpreet Kaur,&nbsp;Ganesh Bushi,&nbsp;Muhammed Shabil,&nbsp;Diptismita Jena,&nbsp;Mayank Goyal,&nbsp;Harish Kumar,&nbsp;Anju Rani,&nbsp;Sanjit Sah,&nbsp;Khang Wen Goh","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70647","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Suicidal ideation is a global public health concern, highlighting the need to identify modifiable risk factors. Handgrip strength (HGS), an objective measure of muscular strength, has been linked to mental health outcomes. This review synthesizes evidence on HGS and suicidal ideation, exploring modifiers such as sex.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This systematic review and meta-analysis, registered with PROSPERO and conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines, evaluated data retrieved from PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science up to November 30, 2024. The analysis focused on randomized controlled trials and observational studies—including case-control, cohort, and cross-sectional designs—that examined the relationship between HGS and suicidal ideation in human populations. A random-effects model was employed to calculate pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Heterogeneity among studies was assessed using the <i>I</i>² statistic.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Out of 294 studies, 9 met the inclusion criteria for the systematic review, and 6 were eligible for meta-analysis, involving 81,035 participants. The pooled analysis showed a nonsignificant association between HGS and suicidal ideation. For males, the pooled OR per 1 kg increase in HGS was 0.939 (95% CI, 0.875–1.009), and for females, it was 0.851 (95% CI, 0.662–1.094), indicating a potential but nonsignificant protective effect.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This systematic review and meta-analysis found no statistically significant association between handgrip strength and suicidal ideation in the pooled analysis. However, consistent trends observed in the qualitative synthesis suggest a potential relationship that warrants further investigation. Longitudinal studies are essential to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70647","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144314925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurological Manifestations of HEV Infection: A Rare Phenomenon or an Underrecognized Reality?","authors":"Maider Iza,&nbsp;Daniel Ramos,&nbsp;Arnau Llauradó,&nbsp;Juan Luis Restrepo-Vera,&nbsp;Mercedes Pallero,&nbsp;Galo Granados,&nbsp;Jose Alemany,&nbsp;Javier Sotoca,&nbsp;Júlia Sampol,&nbsp;Sergi Martí,&nbsp;Daniel Sanchez-Tejerina,&nbsp;Maria Salvadó,&nbsp;Raul Juntas","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70585","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to describe neurological manifestations secondary to hepatitis E virus (HEV) through the description of two clinical cases.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Two different cases of neuralgic amyotrophy and meningoradiculitis are evaluated in the emergency department of a tertiary referral hospital in 2024.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>Case 1</i>: A 43-year-old male presented to the emergency department with proximal weakness and pain in the right upper extremity associated with acute onset of orthopnea. Laboratory tests revealed elevated AST/ALT levels (184/1164 IU/L) and positive HEV IgM and IgG, with detectable serum HEV viral load. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was negative for HEV RNA. A significant decrease in forced vital capacity was observed on transition from the upright to the supine position. Electromyography showed severe bilateral phrenic nerve involvement. The diagnosis of neuralgic amyotrophy with diaphragmatic paralysis secondary to HEV was made. The patient was treated with intravenous immunoglobulins and noninvasive ventilation with partial improvement<i>. Case 2</i>: A 37-year-old male presented to the emergency department with paresthesias and weakness, initially affecting the distal upper and lower extremities and progressing proximally. Laboratory tests showed elevated AST/ALT levels (238/626 IU/L), positive HEV IgM and IgG, and a detectable HEV viral load in serum. HEV RNA was also detected in the CSF. Neurophysiological findings were normal. The patient was diagnosed with acute meningoradiculitis secondary to HEV. Treatment with intravenous immunoglobulins led to complete resolution of symptoms.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In cases of acute neurological symptoms and liver dysfunction, HEV should be considered as a potential causative agent.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70585","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144315359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Early Life Stress on the Prefrontal Cortex Transcriptome Reveals Long-Term Downregulation of Myelin-Related Gene Expression","authors":"Toni Q. Duan,&nbsp;Megan H. Hagenauer,&nbsp;Elizabeth I. Flandreau,&nbsp;Anne Bader,&nbsp;Duy Manh Nguyen,&nbsp;Pamela M. Maras,&nbsp;Randriely Merscher S. De Lima,&nbsp;Trevonn Gyles,&nbsp;Christabel Mclain,&nbsp;Michael J. Meaney,&nbsp;Eric J. Nestler,&nbsp;Stanley J. Watson Jr.,&nbsp;Huda Akil","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70608","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Background&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Early life stress (ELS) refers to exposure to negative childhood experiences, such as neglect, disaster, and physical, mental, or emotional abuse. ELS can permanently alter the brain, leading to cognitive impairment, increased sensitivity to future stressors, and mental health risks. The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is a key brain region implicated in the effects of ELS.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;To better understand the effects of ELS on the PFC, we ran a meta-analysis of publicly available transcriptional profiling datasets. We identified five datasets (GSE89692, GSE116416, GSE14720, GSE153043, and GSE124387) that characterized the long-term effects of multiday postnatal ELS paradigms (maternal separation, limited nesting/bedding) in male and female laboratory rodents (rats, mice). The outcome variable was gene expression in the PFC later in adulthood as measured by microarray or RNA-Seq. To conduct the meta-analysis, preprocessed gene expression data were extracted from the Gemma database. Following quality control, the final sample size was &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 89&lt;i&gt;(n&lt;/i&gt; = 42 controls and &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 47 ELS: GSE116416, &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 23 (no outliers); GSE116416, &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 44 (two outliers); GSE14720, &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 7 (no outliers); GSE153043, &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 9 (one outlier); and GSE124387, &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 6 (no outliers)). Differential expression was calculated using the &lt;i&gt;limma&lt;/i&gt; pipeline followed by an empirical Bayes correction. For each gene, a random-effects meta-analysis model was then fit to the ELS versus control effect sizes (Log2 Fold Changes) from each study.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Our meta-analysis yielded stable estimates for 11,885 genes, identifying five genes with differential expression following ELS (false discovery rate &lt; 0.05) — transforming growth factor alpha (&lt;i&gt;Tgfa&lt;/i&gt;), IQ motif containing GTPase activating protein 3 (&lt;i&gt;Iqgap3&lt;/i&gt;), collagen, type XI, alpha 1 (&lt;i&gt;Col11a1&lt;/i&gt;), claudin 11 (&lt;i&gt;Cldn11&lt;/i&gt;), and myelin-associated glycoprotein (&lt;i&gt;Mag&lt;/i&gt;) — all of which were downregulated. Broadly, gene sets associated with oligodendrocyte differentiation, myelination, and brain development were downregulated following ELS. In contrast, genes previously shown to be upregulated in major depressive disorder patients were upregulated following ELS.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;These findings suggest that ELS during critical periods of development may produce long-term effects on the efficiency of transmission in the PFC and drive changes in gene ex","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70608","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144300152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research Progress on Inflammation and Immune Dysregulation in PTSD","authors":"Luodong Yang,&nbsp;Jiaying Lu,&nbsp;Zhiqiang Zhao,&nbsp;Ziwei Zhang,&nbsp;Weiliang Yang,&nbsp;Guiqing Zhang","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70633","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a severe psychological condition triggered by traumatic events, commonly characterized by symptoms such as re-experiencing traumatic memories, avoidance, hyperarousal, and disturbances in cognition and emotions. While PTSD is often viewed through a psychological lens, increasing evidence highlights its strong association with immune system dysfunction and inflammation. This narrative review summarizes recent research progress on the role of inflammation and immune dysregulation in PTSD, highlighting key findings and their implications for understanding the pathophysiology of the disorder.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conducted a search in the PubMed and Web of Science databases using the keywords “PTSD” and “related inflammatory markers” and discussed the existing literature on the relationship between PTSD and inflammatory responses.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The research indicates that PTSD is marked by significant imbalances in pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines across various biological fluids, including blood, saliva, and cerebrospinal fluid. Abnormal immune cell activation and elevated levels of soluble adhesion molecules, chemokines, and markers of inflammation were frequently observed in PTSD patients. These inflammatory responses are accompanied by aberrant activity in central immune cells, suggesting that inflammation may play a key role in the pathogenesis of PTSD. In addition, neuroinflammatory processes were linked to cognitive and emotional disturbances commonly seen in individuals with PTSD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our findings suggest that immune system dysfunction and inflammation are integral components of PTSD pathology. Understanding the mechanisms of neuroinflammation and immune dysregulation could facilitate the early identification of individuals at high risk for PTSD and pave the way for inflammation-targeted therapies. Future research should focus on developing novel anti-inflammatory interventions to complement existing therapeutic approaches, potentially offering new avenues for precision treatment strategies for PTSD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70633","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144300151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Sleep, Inflammation and Female Infertility: A Cross-Sectional Survey and Genetic Approach","authors":"Xin Xin,&nbsp;Jiaxi Li,&nbsp;Jinfu Zhang,&nbsp;Haicui Wu","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70627","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Inflammation has been implicated in both reproduction and sleep; however, the relationships remain unclear, and conclusive evidence for genetic associations is lacking.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study utilized the 2013–2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data and conducted a Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to investigate the associations among inflammation, sleep, and female infertility. A cross-sectional study was performed on 370 infertile women aged 20–44 years. Multiple linear regression was applied to evaluate the associations between sleep and the inflammatory markers. Subgroup and interaction analyses were conducted to assess the robustness of the findings. MR analysis was performed on 91 circulating inflammatory proteins, 11 sleep traits, and infertility to examine potential genetic associations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 370 infertile participants aged 20–44 years were included. The logarithmic platelet–lymphocyte ratio (PLR) was significantly higher in the sleep disorder group (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). After adjusting for potential confounders, sleep disorders remained associated with a reduction in PLR (<i>β</i> = −0.145, 95% CI: −0.267 to −0.023, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). MR analysis using the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method indicated that insomnia, subjective long sleep duration, and high sleep efficiency were associated with increased levels of oncostatin-M, artemisinin, and adenosine deaminase, all of which are implicated in infertility. Additionally, the morning type was associated with increased levels of C-X-C motif chemokine 5, which reduced the risk of infertility.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sleep is associated with various inflammatory factors in the body and may contribute to infertility. Inflammation appears to play a key role in mediating the complex interplay between sleep and reproduction. These findings highlight the potential value of screening and managing specific inflammatory markers in infertile patients with sleep disorders to improve reproductive outcomes. However, further clinical studies and mechanistic experiments are needed to validate the genetic associations identified in this study.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70627","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144300154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential Association Between Default Mode Network Connectivity and Attachment Styles in Healthy Individuals and Crohn's Disease Patients","authors":"Alessandro Agostini,&nbsp;Sara Ventura,&nbsp;Silvia Tempia Valenta,&nbsp;Fernando Rizzello,&nbsp;Paolo Gionchetti,&nbsp;Francesca Benuzzi,&nbsp;Nicola Filippini","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70620","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Crohn's disease (CD) is associated with psychological disorders and insecure attachment styles, potentially reflecting the long-lasting disease effect. Although functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies revealed differences in CD patients relative to HC, the brain properties underlying the attachment dimensions in CD remain scarcely investigated. We carried out an fMRI study to investigate the neural substrate of the attachment dimensions in CD patients and healthy controls (HCs).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Nineteen CD patients and 18 HC were included in this study. All participants filled out the Attachment Style Questionnaire (ASQ) widely used to evaluate the dimensions of the attachment style and underwent an MRI protocol including structural and functional scans.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The ASQ scores were similar between groups. Concerning the resting fMRI data, we identified two opposite trajectories for the association between two ASQ subscales reflecting attachment insecurity and the default mode network (DMN) connectivity between the two study groups. For the HC, higher scores at the ASQ were associated with reduced DMN connectivity, whereas in CD patients were related to increased DMN connectivity. The significant clusters were located in the superior frontal gyrus, posterior cingulate, and orbito-frontal regions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>DMN is involved in higher mental functions including self-consciousness and affective processes. In CD patients, the DMN modifications associated with attachment insecurity might reflect dysfunctional monitoring of the self and the significant relationships potentially involved in the development of psychological stress and decreased mentalization. Our study strengthens the notion that the attachment dimensions should be considered in the treatment of IBD and encourages novel psychotherapeutic approaches based on mentalization.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70620","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144300153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome: Cognitive, Visuomotor, and Adaptive Functioning Followed Longitudinally","authors":"L. Wallin,&nbsp;C. Gillberg,&nbsp;J. Knutsson,&nbsp;E. Fernell,&nbsp;I. C. Gillberg,&nbsp;E. Billstedt","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70638","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Longitudinal studies on cognitive, visuomotor, and adaptive function and their relation to outcomes in adults with the 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) are limited.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study involved 79 participants (43 females, 36 males) from an original cohort of 100 individuals (58 females, 42 males) with 22q11.2DS, assessed at ages 1–35 years between 1997 and 2006 (T1) and followed up in 2017–2022 (T2), when they were aged 18–50. Clinical, neuropsychological, and adaptive functioning assessments were performed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>At the group level, overall Full-Scale Intelligence Quotient (FSIQ) remained stable; however, females displayed a significant decline in FSIQ and visuomotor integration (Beery VMI) from T1 to T2. At follow-up, 19 of 56 (34%) participants had an uneven intelligence quotient (IQ) profile, with most (15/56; 27%) showing a higher Verbal Function Index (VFI) than Perceptual Function Index (PFI). At T1, 10 of 49 participants (20%) had this “uneven IQ profile,” defined as having a higher VFI than PFI (Verbal Comprehension Index [VCI] ≥15 IQ points higher than Perceptual Reasoning Index [PRI]), compared to 14 of 49 (29%) at T2. In the psychosis subgroup (<i>n</i> = 8), FSIQ and Verbal Intelligence Quotient (VIQ) showed significant decreases; however, the small sample size limits the validity of these findings. Severe to moderate adaptive function impairments, as measured by the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scale, were observed at T2, with T1 FSIQ predicting GAF at T2.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>While group-level intellectual functioning appeared stable, individual declines were noted. Long-term follow-up is essential for personalized support to mitigate severe psychiatric risks, including psychosis with declines in FSIQ, particularly VIQ, potentially indicating or resulting from psychosis in this population.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70638","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144300464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}