Brain and Behavior最新文献

{"title":"Optimal Timing of Exercise for Enhanced Learning and Memory: Insights From CA1 and CA3 Regions in Traumatic Brain Injury Model in Male Rats","authors":"Forouzan Rafie,&nbsp;Sedigheh Amiresmaili,&nbsp;Mohammad Amin Rajizadeh,&nbsp;Mohammad Pourranjbar,&nbsp;Elham Jafari,&nbsp;Mohammad Khaksari,&nbsp;Sara Shirazpour,&nbsp;Omid Moradnejad,&nbsp;Amir Hossein Nekouei","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70354","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Evidence suggests that exercise timing is crucial in reducing the impact of traumatic brain injury (TBI). The present study explores the effects of delayed and early exercise on brain damage, cognitive dysfunction, and anxiety behavior using an experimental TBI model.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We randomly assigned 36 male rats to six groups: control (sham, TBI), treadmill exercise (24hA, 1-month exercise 24 h after TBI), 1WA (1-month exercise 1 week after TBI), 1MB (1-month exercise before TBI), and 1MBA (1-month exercise before and after TBI).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>TBI caused significant impairments in cognitive and anxiety behaviors, as well as increased brain edema (<i>p </i>&lt; 0.05). The exercise groups showed significant improvement in the following order for cognitive impairments: 1MBA &gt; 24hA &gt; 1WA &gt; 1MB. Compared to the 1WA group, exercise starting 24 h after TBI (24hA) significantly improved all variables except anxiety behavior. Exercise 1MBA was significantly more effective than other groups (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) in reducing cognitive problems, anxious behavior, and brain damage.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Regular exercise or a consistent exercise routine before TBI, such as in athletes, may provide the most benefits from exercise intervention after the TBI. Starting exercise soon after the TBI (within 24 h) may help protect against brain edema and improve learning and memory by reducing cell death in specific brain regions (CA1 and CA3) and also decreasing TNF-α and MDA compared to starting exercise later (1 week after).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70354","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143602477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross-Frequency Couplings Reveal Mice Visual Cortex Selectivity to Grating Orientations","authors":"Zahra Ebrahimvand,&nbsp;Mohammad Reza Daliri","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70360","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Oriented grating is usually employed in visual science experiments as a prominent property of neurons in the visual cortices. Previous studies have shown that the study of mouse vision can make a significant contribution to the field of neuroscience research, and also the local field potential (LFP) analysis could contain more information and give us a better view of brain function.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this research, cross-frequency coupling is employed to assess the grating orientation perception in V1 and lateromedial (LM) of 10 mice. The experimental data were collected using chronically implanted multielectrode arrays, involving area V1 recording of five mice and area LM recording of five mice separately, performing a passive visual task. Two criteria known as phase–amplitude coupling (PAC) and amplitude–amplitude coupling (AAC) were exploited to analyze the characteristics of cross-frequency coupling of LFP signals in the experiment consisting of first-order and second-order drifting sinusoidal grating stimuli with different orientations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>It was found that in area LM the correlation between phase of lower than 8 Hz band signal and amplitude of above 100 Hz band signal can be significantly different for orientations and stimulus conditions simultaneously. In area V1, this difference was observed in amplitude correlation between 12 and 30 Hz and more than 70 Hz subbands.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In conclusion, PAC and AAC can be proper features in orientation perception detection. Our results suggest that in both areas, the significant role of high-band and low-band oscillations of LFPs discloses the reliability of these bands and generally LFP signals in mice visual perception.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70360","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143602729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk-Taking Facilitates Implicit Learning in Young Adults","authors":"Amanda Cremone-Caira,&nbsp;Melissa A. St. Hilaire","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70409","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Risk-taking is associated with dynamic outcomes, including psychopathology and types of learning related to adaptive behaviors. The goal of the current study was to (1) evaluate risk-related learning in a sample of neurotypical young adults and (2) determine how risk-taking related to motivation and emotional processing (as measured by BIS/BAS Scales).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fifty-eight young adults (<i>M</i>_age = 19.66 years, SD = 1.43 years; 74% female) completed the Balloon Emotional Learning Task (BELT) and the BIS/BAS to measure risk-taking tendencies and motivation and emotional processing, respectively.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Generalized linear mixed models indicate that participants learned to make more advantageous decisions as they engaged in risk-taking behaviors during the BELT. Risk-taking outcomes were positively correlated with self-report of participant's persistent pursuit of goals as measured by the BAS Drive Scale, although these findings were no longer significant after correcting for multiple comparisons.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Together, these results suggest that, in some contexts, risk-taking may support learning and goal-directed behaviors in young adults. These findings have notable implications in improving educational and professional outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70409","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143602622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional Connectivity in Chronic Schizophrenia: An EEG Resting-State Study with Corrected Imaginary Phase-Locking","authors":"Christophe Domingos,&nbsp;Wiktor Więcławski,&nbsp;Sandra Frycz,&nbsp;Maja Wojcik,&nbsp;Martin Jáni,&nbsp;Olga Dudzińska,&nbsp;Przemysław Adamczyk,&nbsp;Tomas Ros","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70370","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Schizophrenia is a complex disorder characterized by altered brain functional connectivity, detectable during both task and resting state conditions using different neuroimaging methods. To this day, electroencephalography (EEG) studies have reported inconsistent results, showing both hyper- and hypo-connectivity with diverse topographical distributions. Interpretation of these findings is complicated by volume-conduction effects, where local brain activity fluctuations project simultaneously to distant scalp regions (zero-phase lag), inducing spurious inter-electrode correlations.</p><p><b>Aim</b>: In the present study, we explored the network dynamics of schizophrenia using a novel functional connectivity metric—corrected imaginary phase locking value (ciPLV)—which is insensitive to changes in amplitude as well as interactions at zero-phase lag. This method, which is less prone to volume conduction effects, provides a more reliable estimate of sensor-space functional network connectivity in schizophrenia.</p><p><b>Methods</b>: We employed a cross-sectional design, utilizing resting state EEG recordings from two adult groups: individuals diagnosed with chronic schizophrenia (<i>n</i> = 30) and a control group of healthy participants (<i>n</i> = 30), all aged between 18 and 55 years old.</p><p><b>Results</b>: Our observations revealed that schizophrenia is characterized by a prevalence of excess theta (4–8 Hz) power localized to centroparietal electrodes. This was accompanied by significant alterations in inter- and intra-hemispheric functional network connectivity patterns, mainly between frontotemporal regions within the theta band and frontoparietal regions within beta/gamma bands.</p><p><b>Conclusions</b>: Our findings suggest that patients with schizophrenia demonstrate long-range electrophysiological connectivity abnormalities that are independent of spectral power (i.e., volume conduction). Overall, distinct hemispheric differences were present in frontotemporo-parietal networks in theta and beta/gamma bands. While preliminary, these alterations could be promising new candidate biomarkers of chronic schizophrenia.</p>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70370","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143602802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and Safety of Recombinant Human Prourokinase in Acute Ischemic Stroke Within 4.5 h: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials","authors":"Muhammad Hassan Waseem,&nbsp;Zain Ul Abideen,&nbsp;Aiman Waheed,&nbsp;Hafsa Arshad Azam Raja,&nbsp;Sanan Rasheed,&nbsp;Muhammad Mukhlis,&nbsp;Muhammad Abdullah Ali,&nbsp;Marium Khan,&nbsp;Umama Alam,&nbsp;Muhammad Fawad Tahir,&nbsp;Javed Iqbal,&nbsp;Ubaid Farooq,&nbsp;Sania Aimen","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70420","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) requires timely thrombolysis to restore perfusion and minimize neurological damage. Recombinant human prourokinase (rhPro-UK) has emerged as a promising alternative to alteplase, with potential efficacy and safety benefits within the critical 4.5-h treatment window.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Electronic databases, including PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Cochrane Central, were comprehensively searched from inception until December 2024. Risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals were pooled for the dichotomous outcomes using a random effects model in Review Manager software. The heterogeneity among the included trials was evaluated using the <i>I</i>² statistics, and a sensitivity analysis was conducted to investigate the source of heterogeneity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The final statistical analysis included 1179 participants in the rhPro-UK and 1148 in the tPA group. Excellent functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] 0-1) (RR = 1.04, 95% CI: [0.98, 1.10]; <i>p</i> = 0.16) and good functional outcome (mRS 0-2) (RR = 1.00, 95% CI: [0.96, 1.05]; <i>p</i> = 0.90; <i>I</i>² = 0%) were comparable between the two groups. There was also no significant difference in mortality and major neurological improvement. However, there was a trend toward a lower risk of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) in the rhPro-UK group (RR = 0.53, 95% CI: [0.18, 1.59]; <i>p</i> = 0.26).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>rhPro-UK demonstrated comparable efficacy to alteplase in achieving functional outcomes in AIS within 4.5 h, with no significant differences in mortality or neurological improvement. Although not statistically significant, a trend toward lower sICH risk with rhPro-UK highlights its potential safety advantage. More high-quality randomized clinical trials are required to confirm these findings.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70420","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143602625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early Detection and Management of Cognitive Impairment in Parkinson's Disease: A Predictive Model Approach","authors":"Li Li,&nbsp;Shan Tang,&nbsp;Bin Hao,&nbsp;Xiaoqin Gao,&nbsp;Haiyan Liu,&nbsp;Bo Wang,&nbsp;Hui Qi","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70423","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study aims to identify risk factors associated with cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease and to develop a predictive model to facilitate early clinical detection, diagnosis, and management, thereby enhancing patient prognosis and quality of life.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 351 PD patients were enrolled from the Department of Neurology at the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University between January 2022 and December 2023. Cognitive function was evaluated using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scale, and patients were subsequently categorized into cognitively normal (PD-NC) and cognitively impaired (PD-CI) groups. A logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify risk factors, and a predictive model was constructed and validated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Among the 351 patients with PD, 188 cases were in the PD⁃NC group and 163 cases were in the PD⁃CI group, with an incidence of cognitive impairment of 46.4%. Logistic regression analysis indicated that H–Y classification, HAMA score, homocysteine, uric acid, and folic acid were significant predictors and were incorporated into the regression equation. The constructed prediction model had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.738.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The cognitive function of PD patients is influenced by H–Y classification, HAMA score, homocysteine, uric acid, and folic acid. The constructed prediction model demonstrates good discrimination and calibration, providing a reference basis for early clinical identification and intervention of cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70423","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143602757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microstructure Abnormalities of Diffusion Tensor Imaging Measures in First-Episode, Treatment-Naïve Adolescents With Major Depressive Disorder: An Integrated AFQ and TBSS Study","authors":"Wenjie Zhang,&nbsp;Chan Zhang,&nbsp;Jinyuan Zhao,&nbsp;Jiajing Cui,&nbsp;Jinji Bai,&nbsp;Xuan Deng,&nbsp;Junjun Ji,&nbsp;Ting Li,&nbsp;Yu Wang,&nbsp;Kefeng Li,&nbsp;Yunhui Qu,&nbsp;Junfeng Li","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70416","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Structural changes during depressive episodes in adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD) remains unclear due to participant heterogeneity, illness chronicity, and medication confounders. This study aimed to explore white matter (WM) microstructural changes in first-episode, treatment-naïve adolescents with MDD using an integrated diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) approach.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We recruited 66 subjects, including 37 adolescents with MDD and 29 healthy controls. Two main DTI techniques, automated fiber quantification (AFQ) and tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS), were used to analyze fractional anisotropy (FA), axial diffusivity (AD), radial diffusivity (RD), and mean diffusivity (MD) in WM tracts. DTI measures were then correlated with the depressive symptoms evaluated by Hamilton Depression Rating Scale scores (HAMD-17).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Findings</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In AFQ, MDD patients showed significant segmental differences in WM tracts compared to controls, including a negative correlation between SLF AD values and depression severity. TBSS revealed reduced FA in the cingulum, forceps minor, inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, inferior longitudinal fasciculus, SLF, and uncinate fasciculus in MDD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our integrated DTI analysis in a unique first-episode, medication-naïve cohort revealed microstructural changes in adolescent MDD not previously reported. These findings may provide imaging markers for early detection and enhance our understanding of depression pathology in youth.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70416","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143602624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Prognostic Implication of Serum Mixed Lineage Kinase Domain-Like Protein in Acute Primary Supratentorial Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study","authors":"Yijun Ma,&nbsp;Jun Wang,&nbsp;Chao Tang,&nbsp;Jin Liu,&nbsp;Xiaoyu Wu,&nbsp;Xiaoqiao Dong,&nbsp;Quan Du,&nbsp;Wei Li,&nbsp;Xuan Lv,&nbsp;Suijun Zhu","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70424","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL) is a key component of necroptosis. Here, serum MLKL levels were measured with the intent to assess its prognostic significance in acute intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A collective of 161 patients with acute primary supratentorial ICH and 73 controls were enlisted in this multicenter prospective cohort study. Serum MLKL levels were measured at admission in all patients, at study entry in all controls, and on post-ICH days 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, and 15 in 73 of all patients. Multivariate analyses were adopted to assess relationships between serum MLKL levels, severity, early neurological deterioration (END), poststroke 6-month modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores, and poor prognosis (mRS scores of 3–6).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Patients, relative to controls, had significantly promoted serum MLKL levels from admission until Day 15, with the peaking value at Day 3 (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Admission serum MLKL levels were independently correlated with National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores (beta, 0.133; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.088–0.178; <i>p</i> = 0.011), hematoma volume (beta, 0.051; 95%CI, 0.037–0.064; <i>p</i> = 0.001), and 6-month mRS scores (beta, 0.707; 95%CI, 0.487–0.927; <i>p</i> = 0.023), as well as independently predicted END (odds ratio, 1.902; 95%CI, 1.229–2.945; <i>p</i> = 0.014) and poor prognosis (odds ratio, 2.286; 95%CI, 1.324–3.946; <i>p</i> = 0.038). Admission serum MLKL levels were linearly connected to risks of poor prognosis (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05) and END (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05), had no interactions with age, gender, hypertension, and so forth (all <i>p</i> &gt; 0.05), and possessed similar areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve to NIHSS scores and hematoma volume (all <i>p</i> &gt; 0.05). The models integrating serum MLKL levels, NIHSS scores, and hematoma volume were graphically represented by nomogram and predicted END and poor prognosis with a good consistency under the calibration curve.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Serum MLKL levels are markedly increased shortly following ICH, and may accurately mirror disease severity, and efficaciously anticipate END and six-month bad prognosis of patients, strengthening serum MLKL as a prognostic biomarker of good prospect in ICH.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70424","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143602758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Characteristics of Cognitive Subgroups of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder","authors":"Emre Mısır,&nbsp;Raşit Tükel,&nbsp;Berna Binnur Akdede,&nbsp;Emre Bora","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70375","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a clinically heterogeneous disorder. The results of symptom-based classification studies are inconsistent in resolving this heterogeneity. The aim of this study was to investigate clinical differences between clusters created according to neurocognitive performance.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study combined data sets from three previously published studies. A total of 135 outpatients diagnosed with OCD, and 106 healthy controls (HCs) were evaluated using the 17-Item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS-17) and a comprehensive neuropsychological battery. Patients were also administered the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Two neurocognitive subgroups were identified by <i>k</i>-means cluster analysis: globally impaired (GI, <i>n</i> = 42) and cognitively intact (CI, <i>n</i> = 93). The GI subgroup performed worse than the HC and CI groups on all neurocognitive tests. There was no difference between the CI group and HC in any cognitive domains. Compulsive symptom severity [<i>t</i>(133) = −2.45, <i>p</i> = 0.015], Y-BOCS total score [<i>t</i>(133) = −2.09, <i>p</i> = 0.038], and age of onset were higher in the GI group than in the CI group [<i>t</i>(132) = −4.24, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001]. Years of education were higher in the CI and HC groups than in the GI group [<i>F</i>(238) = 35.27, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001]. There was no difference in symptom profile between the CI and GI groups.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The identified cognitive clusters may indicate subtypes with different neurobiological bases. A better dissection of the cognitive structure of OCD could potentially facilitate genetic and neuroimaging studies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70375","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143602739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early Predictive Value of the Glucose-to-Lymphocyte Ratio for the Occurrence of Stroke-Associated Pneumonia","authors":"Fuqiang Zhou,&nbsp;Liju Ma,&nbsp;Min Li,&nbsp;Haijiang Li,&nbsp;Heying Yang,&nbsp;Ye Xu,&nbsp;Kuankuan Dang,&nbsp;Fengchen Gao,&nbsp;Haimei Sun","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70404","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Hyperglycemia and poststroke immunosuppression can lead to a decline in immune function, resulting in an increased incidence of infectious events. The relationship between the glucose-to-lymphocyte ratio (GLR), a novel indicator, and stroke-associated pneumonia (SAP) remains unclear. The objective of this study is to investigate the early predictive value of the GLR in the context of SAP.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A retrospective analysis was conducted on acute stroke patients admitted to the Department of Neurology at the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University from 2017 to 2021. The dataset included demographic information, vascular risk factors, and laboratory test results. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the correlation between the GLR and the incidence of SAP. The GLR was converted into a categorical variable for trend testing, and compared the predictive efficiency of GLR through the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and Bonferroni correction analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study included 711 patients with acute stroke according to a 1:2 case–control ratio, with 237 (33.3%) in the SAP group and 474 (66.7%) in the Non-SAP group. The baseline level of the GLR was significantly greater in the SAP group than in the Non-SAP group (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). After correction using multifactorial logistic regression analysis, GLR (OR: 1.182, 95% CI: 1.090–1.281, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) was identified as an independent risk factor for SAP. When GLR was converted into a categorical variable, the risk of SAP in group Q3 was 3.210 times greater than that in group Q1, and the trend test yielded <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001. The analysis of the ROC curve revealed that the area under the curve (AUC) for the GLR was 0.737, with a sensitivity of 70.0% and specificity of 67.1% at a cutoff value of 4.110. The predictive efficacy of the GLR for SAP patients was superior to that of either blood glucose or lymphocyte counts alone (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.0167).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>An elevated GLR within 24 h of hospital admission following an acute stroke is an independent risk factor for SAP. The risk of SAP increases progressively with increasing GLR, suggesting that the GLR may have a certain early predictive value for the occurrence of SAP.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70404","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143581570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}