Brain and Behavior最新文献

{"title":"After the Trip: A Qualitative Study of Healthy Individuals' Motor Experiences Following Different Doses of Psilocybin.","authors":"Ruiqi Rachel Luo, David J Berlowitz, Alexander Bryson, Olivia Carter, Chiranth Bhagavan, Richard Kanaan","doi":"10.1002/brb3.71807","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.71807","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Psilocybin is a naturally occurring classic psychedelic associated with widespread changes in brain function and promising therapeutic outcomes in several neuropsychiatric disorders. Complementing these findings, qualitative studies following psilocybin administration have revealed diverse and highly individual effects across multiple domains of subjective experience. However, little is known about its impacts on individuals' subjective motor experiences. With the tendency of individuals to stay stationary during psilocybin's effects, investigating qualitative motor experiences following low-to-moderate doses of psilocybin may offer novel considerations regarding safety and quality of individuals' psychedelic experiences. We aimed to explore healthy individuals' subjective experiences after receiving three different doses of psilocybin and conducting motor activity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Following the study procedure previously published, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 participants who had completed sessions of motor tasks at different doses of psilocybin, which were then transcribed and thematically analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Four major themes were developed, each containing sub-themes: two motor themes, (1) mixed motor messages, including altered motor coordination, control, speed, and reaction time; (2) interacting influences on motor performance, including dose-dependent effects; and two non-motor themes, (3) transcendence, altered consciousness, and transformative \"mysticism\"; and (4) dynamic and enhanced psychological and sensory experiences.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This work contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of psilocybin's multifaceted effects and their relevance to safety, therapeutic potential and future research in motor disorders. The findings will inform a broader dose-finding study and the design of proposed research on psilocybin-assisted physiotherapy for refractory motor functional neurological disorder.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>ANZCTR number: ACTRN12621000560897.</p>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"16 10","pages":"e71807"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13674734/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149206626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development, Normative Data, and Psychometric Properties of the Turkish Semantic Association Test (SEMAT) for Middle-Aged and Older Adults.","authors":"Samet Tosun, Fenise Selin Karalı, Joël Macoir","doi":"10.1002/brb3.71833","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.71833","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Semantic associative processing is essential for language, cognition, and communication and is frequently impaired in neurodegenerative disorders. However, no brief Turkish instrument currently assesses semantic associations across both abstract and concrete conceptual domains. This study aimed to develop the Turkish Semantic Association Test (SEMAT), establish normative data, and examine selected psychometric properties.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The SEMAT was developed using stimuli representing abstract, biological, and manmade concepts. Face validity was evaluated through expert review and pilot testing. Normative data were obtained from 365 cognitively healthy Turkish-speaking adults aged 53-82 years. Demographic effects were examined using multiple regression analyses, with age, education, and sex entered simultaneously as predictors. Given the bounded, negatively skewed score distributions and substantial ceiling effects, empirical percentile-based norms were generated. Internal consistency and convergent validity were assessed using semantic measures from the Batterie d'Évaluation Cognitive du Langage (BECLA-Tr). Item-level difficulty and discrimination were also examined.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Educational attainment was the only demographic variable independently associated with performance across all SEMAT scores, supporting education-adjusted norms. The SEMAT demonstrated excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.88; McDonald's ω = 0.92). Significant correlations were observed between SEMAT scores and the BECLA-Tr semantic composite (ρ = 0.41-0.54, all p < 0.001), supporting convergent validity. Item-level analyses showed generally high accuracy and positive but variable discrimination across items.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings indicate that the SEMAT is a brief, culturally appropriate, and psychometrically sound measure of semantic associative processing with preliminary evidence of reliability and convergent validity and with education-adjusted normative reference data for cognitively healthy middle-aged and older Turkish-speaking adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"16 10","pages":"e71833"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13644552/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149126598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Correlates of Cognitive Reappraisal of Negative Emotion: A Brain Activation and Generalized Psychophysiological Interaction Study.","authors":"Yuluo Liu, Shan Gui, Longda Ma, Lian Yang, Zilong Liu, Yiwu Zhou, Xiangyu Wang","doi":"10.1002/brb3.71821","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.71821","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cognitive reappraisal has been extensively investigated using fMRI, yet the neural mechanisms underlying up- versus down-regulation of negative emotion remain incompletely understood. This study aimed to examine brain activation and task-dependent functional connectivity for both regulatory goals.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A well-established cognitive reappraisal task was employed during an fMRI scan, with 21 participants instructed to up- and down-regulate negative emotions by mentally reinterpreting the stimuli. Whole-brain activation analyses included a conjunction-null analysis and differential contrasts to identify shared and goal-specific activation. Generalized psychophysiological interaction (gPPI) analyses were also performed to examine task-dependent functional connectivity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Down-regulation primarily engaged the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) and middle temporal gyrus (MTG), whereas up-regulation recruited prefrontal regions and the left insula. The conjunction-null analysis revealed common activation in a predominantly left-lateralized frontoparietal-medial frontal network beyond viewing negative pictures. Differential contrasts showed that up-regulation specifically recruited the left postcentral gyrus, whereas down-regulation specifically recruited occipital regions and the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). In exploratory and uncorrected gPPI analyses, during down-regulation, the VLPFC was positively coupled with the right MTG, whereas during up-regulation, the left DLPFC was coupled with the left insula and dorsal striatum.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that up- and down-regulation share a common frontoparietal-medial frontal network, but differ in goal-specific activation and connectivity patterns. Down-regulation may rely more on cognitive and semantic processing, whereas up-regulation may involve reward-related and interoceptive mechanisms. Given the exploratory nature of the gPPI findings, the connectivity results should be considered preliminary.</p>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"16 10","pages":"e71821"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13650502/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149134856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Behavioral, Transcriptomic, and Neuroinflammatory Effects of Sleep Deprivation: Insights From Separate Acute and Chronic Experimental Paradigms.","authors":"Guohong Cai, Ming Zhang, Suo Zhao, Yifan Lu, Dingding Yang, Jianhong Duan, Jing Wang, Shengxi Wu, Yan Zhao","doi":"10.1002/brb3.71850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.71850","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Depression is a global health burden associated with sleep disruption and inflammation. While acute sleep deprivation (ASD) can alleviate depressive symptoms, chronic sleep deprivation (CSD) is a risk factor for mood disorders. However, the contrasting mechanisms underlying these opposing outcomes remain poorly understood.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;We integrated behavioral profiling, multi-region transcriptomics, and multiplex cytokine analysis to separately characterize the effects of ASD in a pain-depression comorbidity model and CSD in normal mice. Adult male C57BL/6J mice (n = 6 per group) were subjected to either a single 6-h total sleep deprivation (ASD) or 6-h daily sleep deprivation for 14 consecutive days (CSD). Behavioral testing included the tail suspension test (TST), open field test (OFT), elevated plus maze (EPM), and sucrose preference test (SPT). Following the interventions, five brain regions-prefrontal cortex (PFC), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), agranular insular cortex (AI), parietal cortex (PAR), and retrosplenial cortex (RSP)-were dissected. Cytokine levels were quantified using a multiplex panel targeting 15 analytes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Behavioral tests demonstrated that ASD alleviated despair-like behaviors induced by spared nerve injury surgery, whereas CSD resulted in anxiety- and despair-like behaviors. The prefrontal cortex (PFC) exhibited prominent transcriptomic responses to both ASD and CSD, with a substantial number of differentially expressed mRNAs. Transcriptome sequencing confirmed stable differential expression of mRNAs across multiple brain regions. Notable genes linked to depression, including Plin4 and Sult1a1, emerged as potential targets for further research. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis of differentially expressed mRNAs in the PFC indicated that IL-6 and TNF were primarily associated with these changes following ASD. Additionally, inflammatory factors such as BAFF, CHI3L1, IL-4, IL-6R alpha, IL-6, IL-10, TNFRSF1B, IL-12 p70, TWEAK, and osteopontin significantly decreased in the ASD group but increased in the CSD group.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;This study elucidates that ASD is associated with alleviation of despair-like behaviors and concurrent suppression of multiple inflammatory factors; however, the causal relationship between these observations requires further experimental validation. These findings open new research avenues for identifying potential depression treatment targets. Future research should explore the functional implications of these transcriptomic changes and their relevance for developing novel antidepressant strategies.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Significance statement: &lt;/strong&gt;This study elucidates that ASD is associated with alleviation of despair-like behaviors and concurrent suppression of multiple inflammatory factors; however, the causal relationship between these observations requires further experimental validation. These findi","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"16 10","pages":"e71850"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149223288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hemispheric Contributions to Figurative Language Comprehension After Unilateral Brain Damage: A Meta-Analysis of Lesion Side and Conventionality Interaction.","authors":"Lexian Shen, Man Fu, Min Wang, Xuemei Tang, Hui Chang","doi":"10.1002/brb3.71828","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.71828","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;Previous studies revealed that individuals with brain damage exhibit distinctive patterns in figurative language comprehension. However, a systematic investigation of the mechanisms between figurative language deficits and moderating factors such as lesion side remains lacking. Moreover, while the right hemisphere has traditionally been emphasized in pragmatic processing, accumulating evidence now suggests that the contributions of the left and right hemispheres may depend on linguistic factors such as conventionality. A recent systematic review on idiom comprehension in aphasia has highlighted the critical role of stimulus characteristics, yet no quantitative synthesis has examined how conventionality modulates hemispheric contributions to figurative language processing after unilateral brain damage. This meta-analysis aims to: (1) quantify the overall difference between left- and right-hemisphere damaged (LBD and RBD) patients in figurative language comprehension accuracy; (2) examine whether conventionality moderates hemispheric differences; (3) explore potential moderators-including aphasia status, task type, and sample size-that may influence the LBD-RBD difference; and (4) compare impairment patterns of LBD and RBD patients relative to healthy controls across different conventionality levels.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic literature search was conducted across Web of Science, PubMed, and ProQuest. Studies comparing LBD and/or RBD patients to healthy controls on accuracy in figurative language comprehension tasks were included. Multi-level meta-analyses were performed to estimate overall effect sizes, examine moderating effects of conventionality, and compare impairment patterns. Meta-regressions explored potential moderators including aphasia status, sample size, task types, and number of trials.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Forty-five articles met inclusion criteria, with 13 articles providing direct LBD-RBD comparisons (516 LBD; 476 RBD patients). Overall, no significant main effect of hemisphere emerged. Although the interaction between conventionality and lesion side did not reach statistical significance, the pattern of effect sizes across conventionality levels revealed meaningful trends. At high conventionality, LBD patients showed greater deficits than RBD patients, while at low conventionality, RBD patients showed greater deficits. Moderator analyses further revealed that task type and sample size significantly modulated the overall LBD-RBD difference, whereas aphasia status and number of trials did not. Additional comparisons including 70 LBD versus HC studies (1120 LBD patients, 1342 HC) and 68 RBD versus HC studies (1135 RBD patients, 1291 HC) confirmed that both patient groups are significantly impaired relative to healthy controls across all conventionality levels.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Hemispheric contributions to figurative language","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"16 10","pages":"e71828"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13646486/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149126540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-World Clinical Outcomes and Corticosteroid Tapering in Telitacicept-Based Therapy for Ocular Myasthenia Gravis: An Exploratory Analysis by Prior Treatment History.","authors":"Siyu Xie, Wenli Song, Ran Guo, Chunrong Li, Manman Zhang, Yifan Cheng, Wenting Guo, Bo Jin, Jia Li, Yiqi Wang","doi":"10.1002/brb3.71816","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.71816","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Ocular myasthenia gravis (OMG) is an autoantibody-mediated disease characterized by extraocular muscle weakness. Telitacicept has shown potential in treating autoimmune diseases, but its efficacy and corticosteroid-tapering outcomes in OMG remain unexamined.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective, multicenter study evaluated the efficacy and corticosteroid-tapering outcomes of telitacicept in 19 OMG patients (11 with refractory OMG and eight with newly/reinitiated treatment OMG). The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients achieving minimal symptom expression (MSE) within 6 months. Secondary endpoints included changes in Myasthenia Gravis Activities of Daily Living (MG-ADL) scores and reductions in daily prednisone dosage, cumulative response rate (CRR), and short-term tolerability.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Following 6 months of telitacicept treatment, 68.42% of the overall cohort achieved MSE, with the median MG-ADL score significantly decreasing from 3.00 to 0.00 (p < 0.0001). Daily prednisone dosage substantially decreased: the median daily prednisone dose fell from 20.00 to 5.00 mg (p < 0.0001), and 84.21% of patients received prednisone at ≤5 mg/day at month 6. All patients met the predefined initial response criterion within 5 weeks. The refractory and newly/reinitiated treatment groups achieved final MSE rates of 72.7% and 62.5%, respectively, and both groups showed significant reductions in prednisone dependence. This cohort had no serious adverse events.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this exploratory cohort, telitacicept-based therapy may represent a promising option for OMG, with favorable clinical outcomes, substantial prednisone dose reduction, and acceptable short-term tolerability in patients with different prior treatment histories. Further prospective controlled studies are warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"16 10","pages":"e71816"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13650419/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149135035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A 25-Year Nationwide Analysis of Mortality Trends due to Intentional Self-Harm by Hanging, Strangulation, and Suffocation.","authors":"Sarim Hassan Shahab, Saad Ahmed Idrees, Siddique Ahmed, Muhammad Ahmed, Hafsa Rafique, Muddassir Khalid, Fred Segawa","doi":"10.1002/brb3.71838","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.71838","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Suffocation, strangulation, and hanging are among the deadly forms of intentional self-harm, which is a serious global public health issue. These types of self-harm frequently have high fatality rates and greatly increase the United States' suicide burden. Analyzing trends over time is essential for noticing evolving patterns, directing preventative measures, and developing successful policy interventions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To assess mortality data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (CDC WONDER), ICD-10 codes for intentional self-harm by hanging, strangulation, and suffocation (X70) were utilized. Age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) were considered for analysis. Trends were assessed using the joinpoint regression software, and p < 0.05 was deemed statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall AAMR per 100,000 rose from 2.41 in 1999 to 4.57 in 2023, peaking at 5.28 in 2018. Men, young adults, and Non-Hispanic Whites had disproportionately higher AAMR, with Hawaii, South Dakota, and New Mexico showing the highest rates. Rural areas and the West and Midwest regions experienced the greatest mortality burden.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Targeted mental health policy and resource allocation in vulnerable communities are necessary in light of these disparities.</p>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"16 10","pages":"e71838"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13673224/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149191241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Admission White Blood Cell Count and Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio for Early Risk Stratification after Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A Retrospective Cohort Study.","authors":"Guangyan Li, Gang Wang, Yuhang Hui, Xiaoyang Xiong, Haoyu Wang, Boru Hou","doi":"10.1002/brb3.71786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.71786","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the adjusted associations and incremental prognostic value of admission white blood cell count (WBC) and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) for unfavorable discharge outcome after spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Consecutive adults with CT-confirmed sICH admitted to a tertiary academic hospital in northwestern China from August 2021 through August 2025 were retrospectively reviewed. After eligibility screening, 764 patients formed the study cohort. Admission WBC and log₂-transformed NLR were analyzed as continuous exposures; the primary outcome was discharge modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score ≥ 3. Multivariable models were benchmarked against the ICH score and a clinical severity model. Internal validation used 1000 bootstrap resamples. A three-level outcome-derived WBC-NLR burden classification was treated as exploratory and evaluated with 1000 nested bootstrap resamples.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The primary complete-case analysis included 752 patients, of whom 358 (47.6%) had an unfavorable discharge outcome. Each 1 × 10⁹/L increase in WBC was associated with higher odds of unfavorable outcome (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.116; 95% CI, 1.035-1.204; p = 0.004), and each doubling of NLR was associated with an adjusted OR of 2.187 (95% CI, 1.687-2.835; p < 0.001). Adding WBC and NLR increased the ICH score AUC from 0.757 to 0.848 (ΔAUC, 0.091; p < 0.001) and the clinical model AUC from 0.875 to 0.909 (ΔAUC, 0.034; p < 0.001). The optimism-corrected AUC of the full model was 0.900, with a corrected calibration slope of 0.932 and Brier score of 0.129. The nested-bootstrap-corrected AUC was 0.776 for the exploratory burden-only model and 0.899 after adding clinical covariates.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Admission WBC and NLR remained associated with unfavorable discharge outcome after adjustment and improved discrimination beyond established severity measures. They may support preliminary short-term risk assessment, whereas the outcome-derived burden categories require external validation. The discharge endpoint should not be interpreted as a substitute for 90-day functional outcome.</p>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"16 10","pages":"e71786"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13659932/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149179561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Affective States Moderate the Relationship of Pain Catastrophizing With Pain Severity in Patients With Acute and Chronic Pain.","authors":"Quinte T Y Kuper, Jasmijn E Willemen, Richel Lousberg, Ruud J M Severeijns, Therese A M J van Amelsvoort, Andrea J R Balthasar","doi":"10.1002/brb3.71820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.71820","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Psychological factors, including mood, affect, and pain catastrophizing, critically influence pain perception. We aimed to examine the relationships of these factors with pain trajectories in both acute postsurgical pain (APSP) and chronic non-cancer pain (CNCP) cohorts.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We included 31 patients who underwent total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and 21 patients with CNCP. All included patients completed the pain catastrophizing scale (PCS) questionnaire. In addition, patients reported their status within their natural environment (ten times a day for 6 days) using an experience sampling method-a smartphone app, which contains items regarding pain, positive affect (PA), and negative affect (NA).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Pain scores showed a normal distribution in both cohorts; the APSP cohort reported significantly lower overall pain scores than the CNCP cohort (p = 0.003). In both cohorts, affective state was significantly associated with pain severity (p < 0.001). However, PCS scores were not significantly associated with pain severity. Notably, a higher PA was associated with lower pain severity among patients with high PCS scores, with a stronger association in the APSP cohort.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings indicate that affective state is associated with pain severity in both APSP and CNCP cohorts. The combination of low PA and high PCS may be relevant for identifying individuals with higher pain severity, particularly in the APSP cohort. These results provide a basis for future research on targeted approaches aimed at enhancing PA and reducing catastrophic pain-related thoughts.</p><p><strong>Statement of significance: </strong>Our study shows that affective states play a key role in pain severity in both acute and chronic pain cohorts. Positive affect is associated with lower pain severity in patients with high PCS scores, with a stronger effect after surgery than in chronic pain. These results suggest that early identification of high catastrophizing and low positive affect may support targeted interventions to enhance recovery and potentially reduce the risk of developing chronic pain.</p>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"16 10","pages":"e71820"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13659935/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149179573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine Learning in Dementia Research: Trends, Biomarkers, Prediction Goals, and Data Modalities.","authors":"Yao-Chin Wang, Hsien Chang Yeh, Md Mohaimenul Islam, Woon-Man Kung","doi":"10.1002/brb3.71847","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.71847","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Machine learning (ML) is increasingly used in dementia research for diagnosis, early detection, prognosis, biomarker characterization, and disease phenotyping. This study aimed to provide a bibliometric and thematic overview of ML applications in dementia, emphasizing biological mechanisms, prediction goals, data modalities, collaborative networks, and emerging computational approaches.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A title-field search of the Web of Science Core Collection identified 3,833 records related to ML and dementia. After restricting publications to 2000 onward and excluding non-analytic document types, 3,479 records were included in the bibliometric analysis. A subset of 3,223 original articles was used for thematic analyses. Publication trends, authorship, institutional collaboration, keywords, biomarker themes, ML objectives, data modalities, methods, shared research resources, and large language model (LLM) applications were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ML-related dementia research increased substantially over time. Diagnostic classification was the predominant ML objective (55.0%), followed by early detection or screening (10.3%), progression or cognitive-decline prediction (6.8%), and biomarker or feature discovery (4.7%). Structural magnetic resonance imaging was the most frequently identified modality (42.6%), followed by clinical or cognitive data (22.4%), positron emission tomography/single photon emission computerized tomography (10.3%), and genetic or genomic data (10.2%). Prominent biological themes included hippocampal measures, amyloid/Aβ, electroencephalogram, tau/p-tau, and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers. Institutional networks showed distinct international collaboration clusters and frequent use of shared infrastructures. Transformer-based and LLM approaches emerged in recent years.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>ML research in dementia has expanded beyond diagnostic neuroimaging toward multimodal, biomarker, prognostic, and language model applications, although diagnostic classification and structural imaging remain dominant. Emphasis on biological integration, longitudinal validation, and clinical translation are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"16 10","pages":"e71847"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13673231/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149191339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}