Brain and Behavior最新文献

{"title":"Visual Modulation of Acoustic Reflex Measurements: Insights Into Sensory Integration","authors":"Aysun Parlak Kocabay,&nbsp;Aysegul Esdogan,&nbsp;Aysenur Aykul Yagcioglu","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70574","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The aim was to investigate the impact of visual tasks on acoustic reflex thresholds (ARTs) and AR latencies (ARLs) during AR measurements.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 31 participants (17 female, 14 male; mean age: 20.3 ± 1.8 years) with normal hearing and Type A tympanograms were included. ARTs and latencies were measured using a 226 Hz probe tone under five distinct conditions: (1) resting with no visual task, (2) eyes comfortably closed, (3) fixed gaze on a stationary object, (4) saccadic eye movements, and (5) optokinetic eye movements. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA with Bonferroni correction applied for post hoc comparisons.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>ARTs were significantly lower in the condition of eyes closed compared to fixed gaze, at both 1 and 2 kHz (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). ARLs at 500 Hz were significantly shorter in the condition of fixed gaze compared to saccadic eye movements (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). A significant interaction between frequency and condition was observed for ARTs, indicating frequency-specific modulation by visual tasks, whereas no significant frequency and condition interaction was found for ARLs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Visual tasks have a measurable effect on ARTs and latencies, likely due to cross-modal interactions between the auditory and visual systems. These results highlight the importance of standardizing visual and attentional conditions during clinical AR testing. Further research is warranted to elucidate the underlying neural mechanisms and their clinical implications.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70574","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Venous Bicarbonate as a Prognostic Biomarker and Proposed Proxy for Vital Capacity to Be Used as an Eligibility Criterion in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Clinical Trials","authors":"Juliette Foucher,&nbsp;Therese Wellander,&nbsp;Anikó Lovik,&nbsp;Linn Öijerstedt,&nbsp;Alexander Juto,&nbsp;Fang Fang,&nbsp;Caroline Ingre","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70570","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Clinical trials for people living with ALS (pALS) all list vital capacity (VC) as an important eligibility criterion. However, VC measures are challenging to perform among pALS, especially bulbar pALS. Additionally, since the disease rapidly changes, the VC can change in a short duration of time, making it unreliable.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective:</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We aimed to investigate the association of venous bicarbonate with VC as an alternative criterion for trial eligibility. We also wanted to examine whether venous bicarbonate could be used as a prognostic biomarker for survival in ALS.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods:</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We included pALS from the Swedish ALS/MND Registry between January 1, 2019 and July 31, 2022. pALS had to have serum bicarbonate values and ALSFRS-R available close to diagnosis. Spearman correlations, Kaplan–Meier curves, and Cox proportional hazard regressions were used to assess the associations of venous bicarbonate with VC, other clinical characteristics, and survival.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results:</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Among the 117 pALS included in the study, we observed a negative correlation between venous bicarbonate and VC among spinal and bulbar pALS (<i>ρ</i> = −0.346, <i>p</i> = 0.002 and <i>ρ</i> = −0.367, <i>p</i> = 0.024, respectively). Venous bicarbonate negatively correlated with ALSFRS-R (<i>ρ</i> = −0.377, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), specifically among bulbar pALS (<i>ρ</i> = −0.595, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), but positively correlated with KING's stage (<i>ρ</i> = 0.248, <i>p</i> = 0.007). High level of venous bicarbonate appeared to be associated with shorter survival.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions:</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Venous bicarbonate appears to be a prognostic biomarker for survival among pALS. This cheap and easily accessible measure could potentially be an alternative for VC as an eligibility criterion in ALS trials.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70570","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Causal Relationships Between the Gut Microbiota, Inflammatory Cytokines, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Mendelian Randomization Analysis","authors":"Li Changqing,&nbsp;Yu Leying,&nbsp;Ma Caiyun,&nbsp;Wen Hebao,&nbsp;Han Laiguo,&nbsp;Zhao Xiaojiang","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70571","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The relationship between gut microbiota (GM) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is well-documented. However, the causal nature of this association and the potential mediating role of inflammatory cytokines (ICs) have yet to be elucidated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We performed Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses utilizing data derived from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of GM, ICs, and ALS. Initially, we conducted bidirectional two-sample MR analysis to determine the causal relationships between GM, ICs, and ALS. Subsequently, a two-step MR mediation analysis was performed to investigate the role of ICs as mediators. The primary statistical approach was the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Through MR analysis, we identified one positive causal relationship and three negative causal relationships between GM and ALS. There was one positive association and one negative association between ICs and ALS. In addition, ICs do not appear to mediate the pathway from GM to ALS.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study established a causal relationship between GM, ICs, and ALS, suggesting that ICs do not function as mediators in the pathway from GM to ALS. These findings provide new perspectives on potential ALS prevention and treatment strategies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70571","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined Administration of Lactobacillus or Bifidobacterium Offers Enhanced Antidepressant and Anxiolytic Activity in a Dose Dependent Manner","authors":"Aliu Zanzeh Bankah,&nbsp;Thomas Amatey Tagoe,&nbsp;Emmanuel Darko,&nbsp;Righteous Agoha,&nbsp;Elmer Nayra Ametefe,&nbsp;Kennedy Kwami Edem Kukuia,&nbsp;Samuel Adjei","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70564","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Gut microbiota is strongly linked to the activity of the bidirectional gut-brain axis, which influences neuropsychological processes at multiple levels. Changes in the gut microbiota have been implicated in mood disorders, and probiotics have been explored for their ability to mitigate the effects of stress on mental health. Here, we investigated the therapeutic benefits of different concentrations and combinations of <i>Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium</i> in a mouse model of stress induced depression and anxiety.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sixty-three male ICR mice (6–8 weeks old; 20–25g) divided into nine groups were used for this study. The test groups underwent chronic unpredictable mild stress protocols for two weeks before receiving low (10⁴ CFU/ml) or high (10⁸ CFU/ml) doses of either monotherapy (<i>Lactobacillus</i> or <i>Bifidobacterium</i>) or a combination therapy (<i>Lactobacillus</i> and <i>Bifidobacterium</i>) for four weeks. The antidepressant, fluoxetine, served as the positive control. Measurements of weight and sucrose preference were performed at four time points in addition to a battery of behavioral tests (open field tests, forced swim test, tail suspension test, and hot plate test) at the endpoint to assess depression and anxiety-like behavior.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Low doses of the probiotic formulation (mono- or combined therapy) reversed weight loss but not anhedonia. In contrast, high doses of probiotic formulations (mono- or combined therapy), along with fluoxetine, were effective in reversing the weight loss and anhedonia caused by chronic unpredictable mild stress. Probiotics ameliorated stress-induced immobility as measured by both the forced swim and tail suspension tests, while also reducing anxiety-like behavior (increased peripheral activity) in the open field test. High doses of mono- or combined therapy increased curling behavior in the tail suspension test, whereas fluoxetine failed to do so.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study indicates the species- and dose-dependent beneficial effects of probiotics on behavioral outcomes associated with depression while also reversing weight loss. Evidence suggests that probiotics and fluoxetine may exert antidepressant activity via different mechanisms.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70564","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk Factors and Prognostic Models in Acute Large Vessel Occlusion Stroke: Insights From ASPECTS-Net Water Uptake","authors":"Hongru Ou,&nbsp;Huanhua Wu,&nbsp;Shuolong Wu,&nbsp;Qian Cao,&nbsp;Xiaozheng Cao,&nbsp;Guanye Zhang,&nbsp;Jiabin Mo,&nbsp;Youzhu Hu","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70544","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The outcomes of endovascular reperfusion in acute large vessel occlusion stroke (ALVOS) vary, with some patients recovering fully while others face disability or mortality despite recanalization. Alberta stroke program early CT score-net water uptake (ASPECTS-NWU), a quantitative imaging metric assessing tissue edema and infarct progression, may improve prognostic accuracy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study included 96 ALVOS patients between December 2020 and March 2024. Patients were categorized into good (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] 0–2) and poor (mRS 3–6) prognosis groups based on 90-day mRS outcomes. Feature selection using Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO), Boruta, and logistic regression (LR) identified key predictors, including LVO, Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS), ASPECTS from the follow-up CT (ASPECTSFCT), and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores. Predictive performance was validated with cross-validation, and model calibration was assessed via calibration curves, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, area under the curve (AUC), and the Spiegelhalter <i>Z</i>-test (significance set at <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>LR highlighted LVO, ASPECTS, ASPECTSFCT, and NIHSS as significant predictors of poor prognosis. The constructed nomogram enables individualized risk assessment, with total points correlating to poor outcome probability. ROC analysis showed good discriminatory ability in the training set (AUC 0.815, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.714–0.916) but moderate performance in the test set (AUC 0.688, 95% CI: 0.484–0.891). Calibration was strong in the training set (Spiegelhalter <i>Z</i> &lt; 0.0001) but showed minor issues in the test set (Spiegelhalter <i>Z</i> = 1.222).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study highlights the prognostic value of ASPECTS-NWU in ALVOS and its integration into a predictive nomogram for individualized risk assessment. By refining ischemic injury stratification, ASPECTS-NWU can guide therapeutic decisions, optimize post-reperfusion management, and improve patient outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70544","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143939343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Examination of the Effect of Parent-Centered Nutrition Education on the Oxidant-Antioxidant Parameters of Children Diagnosed With Autism Spectrum Disorder","authors":"Diler Us Altay,&nbsp;Erman Esnafoglu,&nbsp;Emine Kocyigit,&nbsp;Duygu Mataraci Değirmenci,&nbsp;Tevfik Noyan","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70504","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background:</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study examined the effect of nutrition education given by dietitians to families of children aged 3–18 diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) on meal consumption, eating behaviors, autism severity, serum oxidant/antioxidant marker levels, and total dietary antioxidant capacity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods:</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The project was carried out with 44 pediatric patients diagnosed with ASD and their parents. The ELISA method was used for antioxidant and oxidant measurements, and the oxygen radical absorbance capacity values ​​of foods defined according to the BeBiS program were used to calculate the total dietary antioxidant capacity. The children's eating behavior questionnaire, childhood autism rating scale (CARS), and brief autism mealtime behavior inventory (BAMBI) were administered.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results:</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There was no significant difference in antioxidant and oxidant parameters between the experimental and control groups. At the end of eight weeks, superoxide dismutase and glutathione levels increased significantly in the experimental group. There was no significant difference in terms of the families of the autistic children in the experimental and control groups or their disease-specific knowledge. BAMBI scores were similar between the groups at baseline, while a significant decrease was observed in the experimental group at the end of the study. Daily energy, saturated fatty acid (SFA), carbohydrate, and omega-6 intake decreased, while protein, fat, mono- and poly-unsaturated fatty acid, and omega-3 intake increased in the experimental group following nutrition education. However, these results were not statistically significant. There was no significant difference in terms of micronutrient intake between children with ASD in experimental and control groups before and after nutrition education.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion:</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Improvements in eating habits and dietary patterns were noted after nutrition education, especially in the experimental group, even though there were no appreciable changes in oxidative stress indicators. These behavioral shifts imply that family nutrition education can be extremely important in encouraging better eating practices and improving the general well-being of kids with ASD and their families.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70504","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143944407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mediating Role of Depression Severity in the Relationship Between Childhood Trauma and Non-Suicidal Self-Injury Among Adolescents With Mood Disorders","authors":"Jianbing Li,&nbsp;Jiaqi Wang,&nbsp;Changhe Fan","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70533","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) frequently co-occurs with childhood trauma (CT) and depression; however, their interplay and underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. This article explores the nuanced relationships between these factors and their impact on NSSI, offering practical insights for the prevention and intervention of childhood post-traumatic depression progression and NSSI among adolescents.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The present study leveraged the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), the Adolescent Non-suicidal Self-injury Assessment Questionnaire (ANSAQ), and the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD) to assess a cohort of 361 individuals with mood disorders. The study design was cross-sectional, and a convenience sampling method was utilized. The mediation effect was tested using the Process stepwise regression method, and the significance of the mediation effect was assessed through Bootstrap analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Among 361 adolescents with mood disorders, 232 (64.3%) exhibited NSSI behaviors. Analyses revealed that CT was directly associated with NSSI (<i>β</i> = 0.312, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and indirectly associated through mediation pathways (<i>β</i> = 0.256, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). CT also showed direct association with depression severity (<i>β</i> = 0.400, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Depression severity was significantly associated with NSSI (<i>β</i> =  0.184, <i>p</i> = 0.042), suggesting a partial mediating role of depression severity in this relationship.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>CT shows a significant association with NSSI among adolescents with mood disorders, with depression severity serving as a partial mediator in this relationship. Active coping strategies targeting depressive symptoms in individuals with a history of CT may help reduce NSSI behaviors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70533","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143939341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing Nutritional Status Classification With Hybrid Artificial Intelligence: A Novel Methodological Approach","authors":"Md. Moddassir Alam,&nbsp;Asif Irshad Khan,&nbsp;Aasim Zafar,&nbsp;Mohammad Sohail,&nbsp;Mohammad Tauheed Ahmad,&nbsp;Rezaul Azim","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70548","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Malnutrition remains a critical public health issue in low-income countries, significantly hindering economic development and contributing to over 50% of infant deaths. Under nutrition weakens immune systems, increasing susceptibility to common illnesses and prolonging recovery periods. This study aims to develop and evaluate a novel artificial intelligence-based classification method for nutritional status assessment using hybrid machine learning strategies, enhancing the accuracy and reliability of malnutrition detection.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study utilizes the fire hawk optimizer-based k-means (FHO-K-Means) clustering method to identify key physiological indicators associated with under nutrition in children. The analysis is conducted using the UNICEF dataset, encompassing data from Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, and Zimbabwe. Following data normalization, the dataset is clustered via FHO-K-Means to establish optimal groupings. The clustered data is then partitioned into training and testing sets for classification using the extreme gradient boosting fuzzy (EGBF). The EGBF model is employed to classify nutritional states, including stunting, wasting, severe wasting, overweight, and underweight, providing a robust framework for predictive analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Findings</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The proposed FHO-K-Means and EGBF model demonstrated superior performance, achieving 99.84% accuracy, 99.5% precision, 99.8% specificity, and 100% sensitivity, with an F1 measure of 98.6% and a mean squared error (MSE) of 0.01%, outperforming existing classification techniques. These results indicate that the model offers a highly effective and scalable tool for identifying at-risk populations, informing targeted interventions to reduce the prevalence of childhood malnutrition, and lowering morbidity in poor countries.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study developed an innovative FHO-K mean clustering and EGBF classification method for assessing childhood nutritional status in underdeveloped countries. The exceptional accuracy and predictive capability of the model make it a valuable tool for early malnutrition detection, enabling data-driven decision-making in public health and policy formulation. By improving malnutrition diagnosis and intervention strategies, this approach has the potential to reduce morbidity and enhance child health outcomes in resource-constrained settings.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70548","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143939177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Probucol and Atorvastatin Treatment on the Self-Care Ability of Acute Cerebral Infarction Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial Study","authors":"Ning Yu,&nbsp;Yajing Li,&nbsp;Xue Han,&nbsp;Yuan Sun,&nbsp;Yun Li,&nbsp;Yanjun Gao,&nbsp;Xiaoxuan Zhang","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70552","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To investigate the effect of probucol and atorvastatin on self-care ability in patients with acute cerebral infarction (ACI).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Eighty-one patients with ACI admitted from November 2020 to May 2021 were divided into a combination treatment group (n = 40) and an atorvastatin group (n = 41). The atorvastatin group was given atorvastatin on the basis of conventional treatment, and the combination treatment group was treated with probucol and atorvastatin on the control basis. Self-care ability and blood lipid levels were assessed at baseline and 6 months after treatment using the Barthel Index (BI) and biochemical tests. The study also included MRI scans to evaluate infarct volume and monitored relevant clinical indicators.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The baseline data of both groups were consistent and comparable. After six months, both groups showed improved self-care ability, with the combined treatment group exhibiting a more significant improvement (P &lt; 0.05). The combination treatment group also demonstrated a significant reduction in total cholesterol (TCH) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels compared to the atorvastatin group (P &lt; 0.05). The factors influencing self-care ability included history of cerebrovascular disease, treatment modality, and LDL levels.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Probucol combined with atorvastatin significantly enhances self-care ability and improves blood lipid levels in patients with ACI. This combination therapy is safe, feasible, and recommended for clinical application to reduce cognitive decline and improve quality of life in these patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70552","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143939340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Relationship Between Childhood Maltreatment and Insomnia in Depressed Adolescents: The Mediating Role of Rumination","authors":"Aiping Wang,&nbsp;Zhaojuan Xu,&nbsp;Caifeng Liu,&nbsp;Lingxia Cao,&nbsp;Feifei Wang","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70554","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There exists a prevalence of insomnia in depressed adolescents. Childhood maltreatment is a major life event which may intensify its severity. However, studies on the relationship between insomnia and childhood maltreatment and the mediating role of rumination are scarce.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study utilized a cross-sectional study design with 88 adolescents diagnosed with major depressive disorder. Childhood maltreatment, rumination, and insomnia were measured by self-reported questionnaires which included Child Psychological Abuse and Neglect Scale, Rumination Response Scale, and Insomnia Severity Index. Multiple linear regressions were employed for data analysis after controlling for confounders.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Adolescents with severe childhood neglect reported higher levels of insomnia. Childhood abuse was positively associated with insomnia, but their association was insignificant. Symptom rumination and reflective pondering could indirectly mediate the association between neglect and insomnia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The association between childhood maltreatment and insomnia symptoms in depressed adolescents was mediated by rumination. Collaboration with psychotherapists who are experts in psychotherapies, like cognition or mindfulness-based intervention, may be an effective way of releasing the adverse effects of childhood maltreatment on insomnia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70554","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143939344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}