Brain and Behavior最新文献

{"title":"Exploring the Causal Relationship Between Inflammatory Cytokines and MRI-Derived Brain Iron: A Mendelian Randomization Study","authors":"Zhounan Wu,&nbsp;Wantong Xu,&nbsp;Xuemei Wang,&nbsp;Dan Peng,&nbsp;Zhongbiao Jiang","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70181","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.70181","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The association between inflammation and brain iron deposition is widely acknowledged. However, the precise causal impact of peripheral inflammatory cytokines on changes in brain iron content remains uncertain.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study utilized an available genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary associated with inflammatory cytokines from The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study and the FINRISK surveys. The GWAS data for brain iron markers were obtained from the UK Biobank. We assessed the iron content of each brain region using susceptibility-weighted magnetic resonance imaging, utilizing both quantitative susceptibility mapping and T2* measurements. The primary outcomes were susceptibility (<i>χ</i>) and T2*, which serve as indices of iron deposition. To investigate the causal relationship between exposure and outcome, we primarily employed inverse variance weighting, MR Egger, weighted median, simple mode, and weighted mode methods, collectively enhancing the robustness of our results.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The results of MR analyses demonstrate that our study unveiled that nerve growth factor-β, hepatocyte growth factor, interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-8, macrophage inflammatory protein 1α, and tumor necrosis factor-α were associated with elevated brain iron content in the regions of left hippocampus, putamen, left thalamus, right pallidum, right hippocampus, left amygdala, respectively. Furthermore, our investigation provides evidence for a negative relationship between IL-1, IL-17, monocyte chemotactic protein-3, tumor necrosis factor-β, and brain iron content in distinct regions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our findings suggest a causal association between circulating inflammatory cytokines and brain iron deposition across various brain regions. This provides new insights into the immunopathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases and potential preventive strategies targeting iron metabolism.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"14 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11624122/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142791105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in Response Inhibition, Visual Anticipation and Verbal Fluency During Vagus Nerve Stimulation Therapy in Patients With Drug-Resistant Epilepsy","authors":"Niina Lähde,&nbsp;Pabitra Basnyat,&nbsp;Jani Raitanen,&nbsp;Leena Kämppi,&nbsp;Kai Lehtimäki,&nbsp;Eija Rosti-Otajärvi,&nbsp;Jukka Peltola","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70176","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.70176","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The effect of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) on cognitive domain of attention and executive functions (AEFs) has not been extensively researched. This study was set up to investigate performance variability on cognitive tests assessing AEFs in drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) patients receiving VNS therapy during a follow-up of up to 5 years.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Thirty-three DRE patients were assessed with the interference, maze, and written verbal fluency tests as a part of EpiTrack screening before and after VNS implantation through repeated follow-ups according to the clinical VNS protocol. A linear mixed-effects model was used to analyse changes in test scores.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Maze performance improved significantly by an average of 0.20 s per month (95% confidence interval (CI): –0.365 to –0.041; <i>p</i> = 0.014). Interference performance improved by an average of 0.05 s per month (<i>p</i> = 0.207) and number of words increased by an average of 0.03 words per month (<i>p</i> = 0.079) on the verbal fluency test. On the maze test, patients with psychiatric comorbidities improved the most (0.52 s/month, <i>p</i> = 0.001), while on the interference test, patients with frontal lobe epilepsy (FLE), those taking 1–2 antiseizure medications (ASMs) and patients with focal to bilateral tonic–clonic seizures improved the most (0.14 s/month, <i>p</i> = 0.005; 0.14 s/month, <i>p</i> = 0.033 and 0.16 s/month, <i>p</i> = 0.087, respectively). For verbal fluency, no clinically meaningful improvement was noted in any of the groups.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>During the follow-up, maze performance markedly improved, while performance on the interference and verbal fluency tasks remained relatively stable at the group level. Accordingly, visual anticipation and planning improved during VNS therapy whereas response inhibition was unchanged at the group level despite significant enhancements in patients with FLE and those taking 1–2 ASM. Furthermore, the presence of psychiatric comorbidities correlated with even greater improvement on maze performance.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"14 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11624008/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142791097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impaired Sequential Working Memory in Patients With Young Onset Parkinson's Disease","authors":"Guanyu Zhang,&nbsp;Shuo Zhang,&nbsp;Zhenzhen Zhao,&nbsp;Jinghong Ma,&nbsp;Piu Chan,&nbsp;Zheng Ye","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70182","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.70182","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sequential working memory refers to the cognitive ability to maintain and/or manipulate a set of ordered representations within a short period. It remains unclear whether sequential working memory is impaired in patients with young onset Parkinson's disease (YOPD).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The aim of this study is to evaluate the sequential working memory in patients with YOPD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sixty-three YOPD patients (29 women) and one hundred age- and education-matched healthy controls participated in three well-established sequential working memory tests. The YOPD patients were categorized into akinetic rigid type (PD-ART) and non-akinetic rigid type (PD-NART). Participants were asked to maintain digit sequences in mind in the digit span forward (DST-F) and to maintain and manipulate digit sequences in mind in the digit span backward (DST-B) and adaptive digit ordering tests (DOT-A).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The PD-ART group scored lower and had higher ordering costs (difference between the DST-F and DOT-A scores) than the healthy control group in the DOT-A. Moreover, in the PD-ART group, the daily levodopa equivalent dose for dopamine D2/3 receptor agonists positively correlated with the DOT-A score and negatively correlated with the DOT-A ordering cost, suggesting that patients who took a greater dose of dopamine D2/3 receptor agonists tended to have higher DOT-A scores and lower DOT-A ordering costs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These results indicated that the impaired sequential working memory may be one of markers of identifying early cognitive impairment in patients with YOPD, especially in PD-ART patients. The dopamine D2/3 receptor agonists can recover this impairment to some extent.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"14 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11624009/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142791152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feasibility of Fish Oil Supplementation on Headache Symptoms and Blood Lipids in Migraine Patients","authors":"En-Ling Yeh,&nbsp;Chun-Pai Yang,&nbsp;Shu-Wen Lin,&nbsp;Hsueh-Fang Wang","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70149","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.70149","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Migraine is a chronic, recurring, and disabling disease. Fish oil intervention was used to investigate its effects on headache symptoms and blood lipids of migraine patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Design</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>All subjects were collected at the Kuang Tian General Hospital from March 2020 to May 2021. Experimental group subjects took 1 g/time of fish oil (including EPA 900 mg/tablet) after breakfast and dinner. Placebo group subjects took 100% soybean oil twice daily. Before and after the test, the migraine improvement questionnaire was used to analyze headaches during attacks, dietary intake, and headache triggers.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The average age of the 47 subjects in this study was 40.3 ± 9.2 years old, the body mass index (BMI) was 24.3 ± 6.0 kg/m². At Week 12, subjects in the fish oil group were significantly improved relative to the control group (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). <i>Blood lipid indexes TC, LDL-C, and TG were reduced, and the frequency, duration, and pain degree of migraine</i>.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fish oil may be used as an adjunctive therapeutic food for relieving migraine attack symptoms and blood lipids.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"14 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11624007/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142791150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Implicit Learning Methods With the External Focus of Attention on Bowling Skills in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Randomized Control Trial Study","authors":"Mina Khodayari,&nbsp;Rasoul Yaali,&nbsp;Farhad Ghadiri","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70139","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.70139","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The aim of the current study was to compare implicit learning methods with an emphasis on the external focus of attention on bowling skill in autistic children.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Twenty children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) were selected. After the participants were randomly divided into two groups, the pretest was performed, evaluating the participants both quantitatively (score of bowling pins falling) and qualitatively (TGMD3 subscale test of underhand ball throwing). Group A was trained using the errorless learning method with the external focus of attention, while Group B was trained using the analogical learning method with the external focus of attention.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Findings</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The results showed that analogical learning with the external focus of attention has significant effects (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05) on both bowling and underhand ball-throwing skills in autistic children. Errorless learning with external focus of attention, on the other hand, had a significant effect (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05) on the bowling skill.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The results of the research showed that analogical learning with an external focus of attention can be effective in developing both bowling skill and underhand ball-throwing skill in children with ASD; however, errorless learning with an external focus of attention was useful in developing bowling skill and failed to show a significant effect on enhancing the underhand ball-throwing skill in children diagnosed with ASD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Trial Registration</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>IRCT20220920056007N1.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"14 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11624005/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142791103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"d-Amphetamine and Feeding States Cohesively Affect Locomotion and Motor Neuron Response in Zebrafish Larvae","authors":"Pushkar Bansal,&nbsp;Mitchell F. Roitman,&nbsp;Erica E. Jung","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70173","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.70173","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Amphetamine (AMPH) increases locomotor activities in animals, and the locomotor response to AMPH is further modulated by caloric deficits such as food deprivation and restriction. The increment in locomotor activity regulated by AMPH-caloric deficit concomitance can be further modulated by varying feeding schedules (e.g., acute and chronic food deprivation and acute feeding after chronic food deprivation). However, the effects of different feeding schedules on AMPH-induced locomotor activity are yet to be explicated. Here, we have explored the stimulatory responses of acutely administered D-amphetamine in locomotion under systematically varying feeding states (fed/sated and food deprivation) and schedules (chronic and acute) in zebrafish larvae.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We exposed wild-type and transgenic [Tg(mnx1:GCaMP5)] zebrafish larvae to 0.7 µM concentration of AMPH and measured swimming activity and spinal motor neuron activity in vivo in real time. The analysis involved time-elapsed and cumulative manner pre- and post-AMPH treatment in four different caloric states including acute and chronic schedules of feeding and hunger. Both locomotor and motor neuron activities were compared in all four states in both fish lines.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Findings</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our results show that locomotion and motor neuron activity increased in both chronic and acute food deprivation post-AMPH treatment cumulatively. A steady increase in locomotion was observed in acute food deprivation compared to an immediate abrupt increase in chronic food-deprivation state. The ad libitum-fed larvae exhibited a moderate increase both in locomotion and motor neuron activity. Conversely to all other caloric states, food-sated (acute feeding after chronic food deprivation) larvae moved moderately less and exhibited a mild decrease in motor neuron activity after AMPH treatment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These results reveal the importance of cohesive effects of feeding schedule and AMPH treatment by revealing the changes in stimulatory characteristics of AMPH on locomotion and motor neuron activity in acute and chronic feeding states.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"14 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11624004/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142791100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brain Reactivity and Vulnerability to Social Feedback Following Acute Stress in Early Adolescence","authors":"Zeynep Celen,&nbsp;Ryan J. Murray,&nbsp;Mariana Magnus Smith,&nbsp;Sondes Jouabli,&nbsp;Vladimira Ivanova,&nbsp;Eleonore Pham,&nbsp;Zoe Schilliger,&nbsp;Patrik Vuilleumier,&nbsp;Arnaud Merglen,&nbsp;Paul Klauser,&nbsp;Camille Piguet","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70154","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.70154","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Early adolescence is a time of high psychosocial stress exposure and high stress reactivity, associated with the development of mental disorders. Understanding how the brain reacts to acute and social stressors during this period might help us detect and protect those at risk.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate acute social stress reactivity in non-clinical adolescents between ages 13 and 15 years (<i>N</i> = 61) with a range of depression scores (Beck Depression Inventory scores 0–32). Participants underwent a modified Montreal Imaging Stress Task (MIST) with psychosocial stress condition consisting of two parts: acute stress (challenging maths) followed by social feedback (positive or negative), separated by brief recovery periods. The test condition was compared to a non-stressful control. We examined brain responses to social feedback relative to the acute stressor and feedback valence.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Psychosocial stress produced differential activation in the paracingulate gyrus, insula, and deactivation in the ventral striatum. Receiving social feedback, compared to acute stress, activated cortical midline regions such as the medial prefrontal cortex and posterior cingulate cortex. Positive feedback increased activity in frontal pole and middle frontal gyrus whereas negative feedback did not show any differential response in the whole group. However, participants with depressive symptoms reacted with higher activation in the posterior cingulate cortex to negative feedback.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We show that social feedback after an acute stressor activates regions involved in self-referential processing, with positive feedback eliciting generally higher activation and negative feedback impacting only individuals with vulnerable mood traits during early adolescence.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"14 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11617326/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142779359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the Mediating Role of Mental Disorders in the Relationship Between Early Sexual Intercourse and Intentional Self-Harm: A Two-Step and Multivariable Mendelian Randomization Study","authors":"Dameng Dong,&nbsp;Saboor Saeed,&nbsp;Rucheng Chen,&nbsp;An Chen,&nbsp;Weijun Zheng","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70124","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Epidemiological studies have established an association between early sexual intercourse and intentional self-harm. However, the causal mechanisms, particularly the role of mental health disorders, remain elusive.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this Mendelian randomization (MR) study, we leveraged genome-wide association study data from multiple sources. Age at first sexual intercourse (AFSI) statistics were derived from the UK Biobank, encompassing up to 406,457 participants of European ancestry. Intentional self-harm (ISH) genome-wide association study (GWAS) data were obtained from the FinnGen Biobank, comprising 218,792 European-descent individuals. We investigated the causal relationship between AFSI and ISH and quantified the mediating effects of major depressive disorder (MDD; <i>n</i> = 173,005), schizophrenia (SCZ; <i>n</i> = 127,906), and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD; <i>n</i> = 55,374). Both two-step and multivariable MR approaches were employed to estimate the mediation effects of these psychiatric disorders.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The <i>F</i>-statistics of all retained SNPs are over 10, indicating our study has no weak instrument bias. The odds ratio (OR) indicated that early sexual intercourse substantially increases the risk of ISH (IVW: OR = 0.60, 95% CI = 0.54–0.66, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Specifically, MDD was found to mediate 31% of this effect and SCZ 12%, collectively accounting for 46% of the total effect.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Early sexual intercourse is associated with an increased risk of intentional self-harm, potentially mediated by psychiatric disorders. These findings emphasize the need for mental health screening and early intervention in adolescents with early sexual debuts.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"14 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70124","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142764306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Causal Relationship Between the Abuse of Cholesterol-Lowering Medication, Blood Pressure Medication, Insulin, and Exogenous Hormones and Cerebral Infarction.","authors":"Jing Liu, Dongsheng Lv, Shiduo Li, Zhansen An, Zefeng He, Yingzi Liu","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70186","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cholesterol-lowering medications, blood pressure medication, insulin, and exogenous hormones (including hormone replacement therapy, oral contraceptives, and minipills) are commonly utilized in clinical practice. Recent studies indicate that the use of these medications may significantly influence the occurrence and progression of cerebral infarction. This study aims to investigate the relationship between these medications and cerebral infarction using Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis, with the goal of offering valuable insights for the clinical management of cerebral infarction.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To explore the correlation between cholesterol-lowering medication, blood pressure medication, insulin, exogenous hormones, and cerebral infarction, relevant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were extracted from the genome-wide association study (GWAS) database. Methods for univariate MR analysis include inverse variance weighting (IVW), the weighted median method, and the MR-Egger method, with IVW being the predominant approach. Subsequently, multivariable Mendelian randomization (MVMR) was conducted on the positive results obtained from the IVW analysis to verify the independent effect of each positive exposure, with IVW still predominating. The causal relationship between this class of drugs and cerebral infarction was evaluated using odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). MR-PRESSO was used to test for pleiotropy. The robustness of the findings was assessed through leave-one-out analysis, Cochran's Q test, and funnel plot.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Univariate MR results indicated that the use of blood pressure medication, insulin, and cholesterol-lowering medication was significantly associated with the occurrence of cerebral infarction (all p < 0.05). However, due to the stringent inclusion criteria for SNPs, the number of available SNPs is insufficient to elucidate the association between exogenous hormone drugs, contraceptives, and cerebral infarction. Furthermore, the MVMR analysis, which builds upon univariate MR, only identified significant causal associations between blood pressure medication, insulin, and cerebral infarction (p < 0.05). The association between cholesterol-lowering medication and cerebral infarction was confounded by other positive exposures and did not demonstrate a significant causal relationship when only its independent effects were considered. After integrating the findings from both univariate and MVMR and controlling for confounding variables to the greatest extent possible, the available evidence supports only a potential causal relationship between blood pressure medication, insulin, and cerebral infarction.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study suggests that the misuse of blood pressure medications and insulin is a risk factor for the occurrence and progression of cerebral infarction.</p>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"14 12","pages":"e70186"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142876070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal Variations in Triptan Prescription in Japan: A Nationwide Time-Series Analysis.","authors":"Muneto Tatsumoto, Koichi Hirata, Takeo Nakayama, Kentaro Yamato, Hiromi Sano, Lyo Inuyama","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70184","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to investigate seasonal differences in migraine onset in Japan and associated trends in the prescription of triptan.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>The relationship between seasonal changes and the onset of migraine remains largely unknown.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We combined the large-scale medical claims data in Japan with city-level meteorological data presented by the Japan Weather Association. The study period was from January 2018 to December 2019. We included patients aged 18-74 years and diagnosed with migraine who had been prescribed triptans in 2018. Patients were categorized into four groups according to the seasons when they were prescribed medicines: winter (January-March), spring (April-June), summer (July-September), and autumn (October-December). Migraine onsets were defined by the time of triptan prescription. The least-square mean differences between the seasons were estimated with linear mixed-effects models for repeated measures, adjusting for the following covariates: sex, age, acute migraine medications, and medications for migraine prevention, comorbidities that can induce migraine, other comorbidities, and the estimated age of menopause in females.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We analyzed data of 12,986 patients in 2019 after triptan had been prescribed (female 74.1%). The mean age was 44.1 years. The mean number of amounts of prescriptions comprised 2.12 tablets/month in spring and summer, whereas there were only 2.09 tablets/month in autumn and 2.00 tablets/month in winter. The amount of triptan prescribed in winter was lower than in spring (β = -0.117; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.169 to -0.065).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study results suggest that seasons can have an impact on the onset of migraine; thus, clinicians may advise patients to take preventive actions, including self-care and drug therapies, from the winter stage. This should be done in order to reduce the number of migraine onsets in high-risk season (spring) regardless of region.</p>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"14 12","pages":"e70184"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142876042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}