Brain and Behavior最新文献

{"title":"Adaptogenic-Like Potential of Bauhinia forficata Leaf Extracts: Behavioral and Oxidative Outcomes in an Acute Stress Mouse Model.","authors":"Sofia Alencar Lafetá, Thiago Neves Vieira, Rodrigo Rodrigues Franco, Ana Claudia Gontijo Couto, Vinicius Prado Bittar, Maria Sol Peña Carrillo, Renata Roland Teixeira, André Luis Lopes Saraiva, Allisson Benatti Justino, Tamara Silva, Veridiana de Melo Rodrigues Ávila, Foued Salmen Espíndola, Cássia Regina Silva","doi":"10.1002/brb3.71819","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.71819","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Chronic stress exacerbates anxiety and depression, prompting interest in adaptogens that enhance resilience via redox modulation. Building on its established systemic antioxidant properties and traditional use as a tonic, we hypothesized that flavonoid-rich Bauhinia forficata leaves possess unexplored adaptogenic-like potential in the central nervous system. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the adaptogenic-like potential of crude extracts (CEs) and dichloromethane (DCM) fraction from B. forficata leaves in an acute stress mouse model.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Adult male C57BL/6J/UFU mice were divided into two independent experimental sets. The first set evaluated the CE (five groups [n = 8-9 per group]: naive, stress plus vehicle, and stress plus CE at 30, 100, or 300 mg/kg). The second set evaluated the DCM fraction (five groups [n = 8-9 per group]: naive, stress plus vehicle, and stress plus DCM fraction at 10, 30, or 100 mg/kg). Treatments were administered orally for 4 days, beginning 2 days before stress induction. A 12-h social isolation protocol without food or water induced acute stress. Behavioral assessments included the forced swim test (depressive-like behavior), elevated plus maze (anxiety-like behavior), and open field test (anxiety and locomotor activity). Serum urea and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels assessed potential hepatic and renal damage. Redox biomarkers such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione content, ferric reducing antioxidant power, sulfhydryl groups, reactive oxygen species, and lipid peroxidation were quantified in the cortex, striatum, cerebellum, and hippocampus of four groups of mice (n = 8 per group): naive, stress plus vehicle, and stress plus CE 30 mg/kg or DCM fraction at 10 mg/kg, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both CE (30 mg/kg) and DCM (10 mg/kg) significantly reduced immobility in the forced swim test and increased time spent in the open arms of the elevated plus maze, indicating antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like effects. Higher doses displayed reduced efficacy. No significant differences in serum urea or ALT were detected. Redox assessments revealed that CE and DCM treatments restored antioxidant capacity and decreased lipid peroxidation, particularly in the striatum and cortex. CE and DCM from B. forficata leaves exhibit adaptogenic-like properties, enhancing behavioral resilience and modulating oxidative stress in an acute stress mouse model.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings highlight their preventive potential against acute stress-induced behavioral and oxidative changes, though further mechanistic and translational studies are needed to elucidate molecular targets and clinical applicability.</p>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"16 10","pages":"e71819"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13647495/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149134837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reducing Cranial Morphology Error in F3 Scalp Localization: Comparison of Heuristic and Regression-Based Methods.","authors":"Rosa Pàmies-Vilà, Laia Mallol-Bordas, Vicenç Pascual-Rubio, Albert Fabregat-Sanjuan","doi":"10.1002/brb3.71805","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.71805","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Accurate localization of the F3 scalp position is essential for targeting the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), particularly when neuronavigation is unavailable. However, simplified scalp-based heuristic methods may lead to clinically relevant targeting errors due to substantial interindividual variability in cranial morphology. In this context, this study evaluates the geometric accuracy of commonly used and newly proposed scalp-based approaches for localizing the F3 position within the International 10-20 system. Specifically, it examines the impact of cranial morphological variability on localization error and assesses whether individualized regression-based methods can improve targeting accuracy compared to traditional heuristic techniques.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The intrinsic geometric accuracy of five F3 localization methods was systematically compared: BeamF3, Adjusted BeamF3, the Scalp Geometry-based Parameter (SGP) method, NeurallyF3, and a newly developed approach EPlacementF3. A total of 250 anatomically realistic and morphologically diverse 3D head models (125 female, 125 male), generated using the HumanShape platform, were analyzed. Localization error was quantified as the Euclidean distance between each estimated F3 position and the reference coordinate defined by the International 10-20 system.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>BeamF3 and Adjusted BeamF3 showed the highest localization errors (mean >5.5 mm and >8 mm, respectively), while the SGP method improved accuracy (≈2.4 mm). In contrast, NeurallyF3 and EPlacementF3 achieved submillimetric errors across sexes. EPlacementF3 demonstrated the best overall performance, with the lowest mean error (∼0.2 mm) and consistent results in the independent validation dataset. These findings highlight the strong influence of cranial morphology on heuristic methods and the superior robustness of individualized regression-based approaches.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Commonly used heuristic methods do not reliably recover the true F3 position across heterogeneous cranial morphologies. In contrast, individualized regression-based approaches substantially reduce morphology-related error, supporting more accurate and scalable MRI-free targeting for rTMS and other non-invasive brain stimulation applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"16 10","pages":"e71805"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13647494/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149134980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Modifiable Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Protective Therapies on Hemorrhagic Events in Cerebral Cavernous Malformations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Sai Sanikommu, Alejandro N Santos, Bashar Dawoud, Josiah J Z Sherman, Christoph Wipplinger, Emade Jaman, Jayro Toledo, Ahmed Abdelsalam, Victor M Lu, Alick Wang, Robert M Starke","doi":"10.1002/brb3.71829","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.71829","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCM) are vascular lesions prone to hemorrhage, but the influence of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors and commonly prescribed therapies on bleeding risk remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis according to PRISMA 2020. PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, and Scopus were searched from inception through August 31, 2025. Eligible observational studies and randomized trials reported adults with CCM stratified by modifiable cardiovascular risk factors or systemic therapies. Hemorrhagic presentation at diagnosis and prospective symptomatic hemorrhage or rebleeding during follow-up were extracted and interpreted as distinct clinical endpoints. Comparable adjusted and crude estimates were pooled separately using random-effects models; randomized trials with non-comparable populations or endpoints were summarized narratively. Risk of bias and certainty of evidence were assessed using design-appropriate Cochrane tools and GRADE, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 1275 records identified, 30 full texts were reviewed, and 22 studies met inclusion criteria, comprising 7331 patients with CCM. Most pooled analyses evaluated hemorrhagic presentation at diagnosis. Smoking was associated with increased odds of hemorrhagic presentation (aOR 1.41, 95% CI 1.03-1.93), and obesity showed an uncertain signal toward higher odds (aOR 1.77, 95% CI 1.00-3.13). Antithrombotic therapy was associated with lower odds of hemorrhagic presentation (aOR 0.46, 95% CI 0.29-0.73), while statins showed a nonsignificant association (aOR 0.79, 95% CI 0.52-1.20). Randomized propranolol and atorvastatin trials were considered separately because their prospective endpoints and trial populations were not directly comparable with the observational presentation-based analyses.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Evidence regarding systemic cardiovascular factors and therapies in CCM remains sparse and predominantly of low or very low certainty. The observed associations are preliminary, may reflect residual confounding and treatment-selection bias, and should not be interpreted as causal or as direct estimates of future hemorrhage risk. Prospective multicenter studies with standardized clinical and imaging definitions are needed before these findings can inform treatment decisions.</p>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"16 10","pages":"e71829"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13650498/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149135024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional Listening Difficulties in Children With ADHD: Associations With Language Abilities.","authors":"Merve Nur Sariyer Temelli, Merve Ikiz Bozsoy, Saniye Tülin Fidan","doi":"10.1002/brb3.71763","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.71763","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Listening difficulties are commonly reported in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and are often interpreted as manifestations of inattention. However, it remains unclear whether functional listening difficulties are related to broader language abilities or whether they differ across ADHD subtypes. The present study examined the association between functional listening difficulties and language abilities in children with ADHD and explored whether these relationships vary between predominantly inattentive and combined subtypes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional observational study included 125 children diagnosed with ADHD, categorized into predominantly inattentive (n = 32) and combined (n = 93) ADHD subtypes. Functional listening was assessed using the Children's Home Inventory for Listening Difficulties (C.H.I.L.D.), with higher scores indicating better functional listening, and language abilities were assessed using the Turkish version of the Test of Early Language Development (TELD-3:T). Between-group differences were examined using Mann-Whitney U tests. The primary analysis was a hierarchical linear regression examining the adjusted association between total C.H.I.L.D. score and language performance, controlling for age, gender, and ADHD subtype. A C.H.I.L.D.-by-ADHD-subtype interaction was examined in a secondary analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was no statistical evidence of a difference between ADHD subtypes in C.H.I.L.D. or language scores (all p > 0.05). In the adjusted regression, higher total C.H.I.L.D. scores were associated with better language performance (B = 6.66, β = 0.594, p < 0.001, 95% CI [4.996, 8.315]). Exploratory correlations between total C.H.I.L.D. and language scores were positive in the predominantly inattentive type (r = 0.72), combined type (r = 0.56), and total sample (r = 0.61; all p < 0.001). The C.H.I.L.D.-by-ADHD-subtype interaction was not significant (B = 0.63, β = 0.031, p = 0.72, 95% CI [-2.919, 4.177]).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Better functional listening was associated with stronger language performance in children with ADHD. There was no statistical evidence that this association differed between ADHD subtypes. These findings highlight the relevance of considering both functional listening and language performance in the clinical assessment of children with ADHD.</p>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"16 10","pages":"e71763"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13653032/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149147076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Procedural Learning and Retention in Older Subjects: The Contribution of Sensorimotor and Premotor Cortex.","authors":"Christopher E J Doppler, Linda Meyer, Ralph Weidner, Peter H Weiss, Gereon R Fink","doi":"10.1002/brb3.71845","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.71845","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate the neurobiological basis of procedural learning and retention of motor memories in aging.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We used a modified serial reaction time (SRT) task with feedback in two age groups: young (n = 18, 24.9 ± 3.9 years, range: 18-32 years) and older (n = 19, 63.5 ± 5.1 years, range: 54-73 years) healthy participants. We assessed procedural learning while participants underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI, Day 1). On the following day, we assessed retention behaviorally outside the scanner.</p><p><strong>Finding: </strong>Both groups showed significant procedural learning (p < 0.001) and retention (p < 0.05). Notably, retention was enhanced in older compared to younger adults (p < 0.01), even after normalizing the reaction time (RT) gains to individual RT (p < 0.05). Functional imaging revealed more robust recruitment of the left sensorimotor cortex (SM1) during procedural learning in older participants. Besides, left premotor cortex activity during procedural learning predicted retention in both age groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our data show that procedural learning was preserved in healthy older adults. At the same time, retention was even enhanced in healthy older adults. These processes were associated with activation changes in the contralateral sensorimotor and premotor cortices.</p>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"16 10","pages":"e71845"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13674733/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149206697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing Body Image in Multiple Sclerosis: Adaptation and Validation of the Modified Body Image Scale.","authors":"Erica Grange, Alessia Susini, Giampaolo Brichetto, Federica Di Antonio, Jessica Podda","doi":"10.1002/brb3.71796","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.71796","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Multiple sclerosis (MS) is frequently associated with physical, cognitive, and emotional changes, including functional loss, which may significantly affect body image (BI) perception. However, a BI questionnaire specifically adapted for use with people with MS (PwMS) is currently lacking. This study aims to adapt and validate the original Italian version of the Body Image Scale (BIS) for the MS population and to examine its psychometric properties.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A three-phase adaptation process was conducted, involving a panel of MS experts and PwMS to ensure coherence with MS clinical characteristics, as well as item relevance and clarity. The psychometric properties of the modified BIS (mBIS) were evaluated, including content validity, construct validity, internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and minimal detectable change (MDC).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The modified version of the BIS was established. A total of 208 PwMS (mean age (SD): 50.9 (14.6) years; females: 144; mean self-reported EDSS (SD): 4.0 (1.96)) completed an online survey. The one-factor structure was confirmed (CFI = 0.977, TLI = 0.968, SRMR = 0.059), with high internal consistency (McDonald's ω = 0.963; Cronbach's α = 0.942); and good test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.88). The mBIS showed a moderate correlation with anxiety (r = 0.52), a high correlation with depression (r = 0.67), and a low negative correlation with interoceptive awareness (r = -0.24) (all p < 0.001). The MDC was 6.73 and SEM for total score was 2.88. The mean (SD) mBIS score was 12.9 (9.0).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study supports the validity and reliability of the mBIS as a tool for assessing BI in PwMS. The findings highlight the relevance of BI concerns in MS and their potential role in psychological well-being.</p>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"16 10","pages":"e71796"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13673222/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149191372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Burnout and Resilience Following a PERMA-Informed Happiness Intervention: A Single-Group Repeated-Measures Study of EFL Teachers.","authors":"Shuxuan Song, Goudarz Alibakhshi","doi":"10.1002/brb3.71839","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.71839","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Teacher burnout is an occupational health concern characterized by physical fatigue, cognitive weariness, and emotional exhaustion. This study examined longitudinal changes in burnout and resilience following a 10-session online PERMA-informed happiness intervention among junior high school English as a Foreign Language teachers in Tehran, Iran.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A prospective, uncontrolled single-group study assessed 70 enrolled EFL teachers; 65 contributed post-test data, and 61 contributed 6-month follow-up data. The 61 complete cases were analyzed with repeated-measures ANOVA. Summary-statistic-based contrasts were calculated under the pooled-error repeated-measures model.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>The archived omnibus analyses showed time-related variation in total burnout (F(2, 120) = 12.34, uncorrected p < 0.001, ηp² = 0.171) and resilience (F(2, 120) = 15.78, uncorrected p < 0.001, ηp² = 0.208). Mean burnout was 3.80, 3.05, and 3.15 at baseline, post-test, and 6 months, respectively; corresponding resilience means were 3.20, 3.95, and 3.90. Under the pooled-error model, both post-baseline contrasts differed from baseline (unadjusted p < 0.001) for each total score; post-test and follow-up did not differ significantly. Original individual-level data and sphericity diagnostics were unavailable to verify these conditional contrasts.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Burnout and resilience followed distinct within-group trajectories after participation in the PERMA-informed program. Model-based contrasts indicated baseline-to-later differences, conditional on the assumed pooled-error model. The uncontrolled design, baseline-based selection, missing participant-level data, and unverified sphericity assumptions preclude a causal interpretation.</p>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"16 10","pages":"e71839"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13673124/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149191380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ketogenic Diet-Associated Remodeling of the Cortical Proteome in Rats With Genetic Absence Epilepsy.","authors":"Aslihan Gunel, Ulku Guler, Aylin Toplu, Nazli Busra Acikgoz, Bora Onat, Ariorad Moniri, Bekir Salih, Osman Ugur Sezerman, Filiz Onat","doi":"10.1002/brb3.71757","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.71757","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study investigated the effects of ketogenic diet (KD) intervention on the cortical proteome in genetic absence epilepsy rats from Strasbourg (GAERS), a well-established model of absence epilepsy. The ketogenic diet is a therapeutic intervention for epilepsy, yet its mechanisms remain incompletely understood.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Thirty-day-old male GAERS rats were fed a KD (88.8% fat, 10.2% protein, 1% carbohydrate; n = 4) or a normal diet (ND; n = 3), with Wistar rats (n = 3) as healthy controls. A shotgun proteomics approach with data-dependent acquisition (DDA) was used to analyze the somatosensory cortex (SCx), a key cortical driver of absence seizures. Data were processed with MaxQuant and Perseus.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Compared to Wistars, GAERS-ND rats showed significant alterations in 526 proteins in SCx and KD treatment significantly altered 121 proteins in SCx of GAERS. Notably, KD was associated with partial shifts in the expression patterns of 22 proteins toward those observed in Wistar controls. Most KD-affected proteins were synaptic (72% SCx) and mitochondrial. Pathway analysis indicated that ketogenic diet-associated protein changes were enriched in axon guidance, neurodevelopment, and metabolic pathways in the somatosensory cortex.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Together, these results suggest that synaptic and mitochondrial protein alterations in this region are associated with cortical molecular adaptations observed under ketogenic diet administration in absence epilepsy.</p>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"16 10","pages":"e71757"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13646489/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149126571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modifiable Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Hemorrhagic Presentation in Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas: A Systematic Review With Exploratory Quantitative Synthesis.","authors":"Alejandro N Santos, Sai Sanikommu, Bashar Dawoud, Josef Williams, Josiah J Z Sherman, Christoph Wipplinger, Jayro Toledo, Ahmed Abdelsalam, Victor M Lu, Joshua Hanna, Robert M Starke","doi":"10.1002/brb3.71676","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.71676","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dural arteriovenous fistulas (dAVFs) carry a significant risk of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), yet most literature has focused on angiographic features as predictors. The influence of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) such as hypertension, diabetes, smoking, alcohol use, dyslipidemia, obesity, and use of antithrombotic/anticoagulant agents on hemorrhagic presentation or follow-up outcomes remains largely unexplored.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a systematic review according to PRISMA 2020 guidelines. PubMed, Embase, and Scopus were searched through August 2025 for observational studies including at least 10 patients and reporting CVRFs in dAVFs in relation to hemorrhagic presentation or follow-up hemorrhage. Crude effect estimates were extracted or reconstructed where possible. Quantitative pooling was considered exploratory and performed only when at least two studies reported reconstructable data for the same exposure and outcome.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 918 records screened, 31 full texts were reviewed, and 3 studies met inclusion criteria, totaling 543 patients. Two studies (n = 281) provided data for exploratory quantitative synthesis, whereas one hemorrhage-only registry cohort (n = 262) was summarized narratively for post-hemorrhage outcomes. Hypertension was present in 89 of 281 patients (31.7%) and hyperlipidemia in 61 of 281 (21.7%). Hypertension was not associated with hemorrhagic presentation (OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.47-1.68; I² = 0%). Hyperlipidemia estimates were highly heterogeneous (I² = 93.6%) and unsuitable for clinical inference. Findings regarding smoking, alcohol consumption, statins, and ACE inhibitors were sparse, unadjusted, and inconsistent.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Evidence regarding modifiable cardiovascular risk factors in dAVFs is limited, retrospective, and vulnerable to confounding. Angiographic features remain the most reliable predictors of hemorrhagic presentation. Current systemic and therapeutic associations are exploratory and require validation in prospective multicenter studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"16 10","pages":"e71676"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13653029/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149147615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Associations Between Hypoxia, Serum Erythropoietin, and Cognition in Patients With Mood Disorders and Healthy Individuals.","authors":"Barbara Emilie Rotbøl Ørum, Johanna Mariegaard Schandorff, Viktoria Damgaard, Eya-Mist Rødgaard, Caroline Fussing Bruun, Morten Meyer, Lars Vedel Kessing, Martin Balslev Jørgensen, Kamilla Woznica Miskowiak","doi":"10.1002/brb3.71812","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.71812","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Moderate repeated hypoxia (MRH) has shown neuroprotective and neuroplastic effects, partly mediated by erythropoietin (EPO) via hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs). This study examined the effects of 3 weeks of daily 3.5-h normobaric hypoxia (12% O₂) versus normoxia (20% O₂) combined with cognitive training on oxygen saturation (SpO₂), cerebral side effects, hematology (including EPO and brain-derived neurotrophic factor [BDNF]), and cognitive learning. We also assessed SpO₂ associations with side effects, hematology, and learning outcomes, as well as potential clinical and demographic predictors of hypoxic response.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Data from 84 healthy participants (HP) and 24 participants with remitted mood disorders (MD) in the ongoing ALTIBRAIN trial (NCT06121206) were analyzed. HP were randomized to MRH or normoxia (with/without cognitive training), while MD participants were randomized to MRH with cognitive training or treatment as usual.</p><p><strong>Finding: </strong>MRH reduced SpO₂ (97.5% ± 1.0% to 85.9% ± 2.9%, p < 0.001), but this effect attenuated over time (p < 0.001). Side effects (e.g., dizziness and headaches) were slightly higher in MRH (p = 0.044) but declined over time (p < 0.001). Reticulocyte, hemoglobin, and thrombocyte levels increased (p ≤ 0.029), while EPO decreased (p = 0.003) and BDNF remained unchanged (p > 0.60). MRH slightly flattened cognitive learning curves (p < 0.001). MD participants experienced marginally higher side effects (p = 0.006), but overall tolerability was good.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>MRH was safe and well-tolerated, influencing SpO₂, hematology, and learning curves. If future research confirms cognitive and neuroplastic benefits, MRH with cognitive training could be a promising treatment for cognitive impairment.</p>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"16 10","pages":"e71812"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13650406/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149134922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}