Brain and Behavior最新文献

{"title":"CNN-Based Neurodegenerative Disease Classification Using QR-Represented Gait Data","authors":"Çağatay Berke Erdaş,&nbsp;Emre Sümer","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70100","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.70100","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The primary aim of this study is to develop an effective and reliable diagnostic system for neurodegenerative diseases by utilizing gait data transformed into QR codes and classified using convolutional neural networks (CNNs). The objective of this method is to enhance the precision of diagnosing neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Parkinson's disease (PD), and Huntington's disease (HD), through the introduction of a novel approach to analyze gait patterns.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The research evaluates the CNN-based classification approach using QR-represented gait data to address the diagnostic challenges associated with neurodegenerative diseases. The gait data of subjects were converted into QR codes, which were then classified using a CNN deep learning model. The dataset includes recordings from patients with Parkinson's disease (<i>n</i> = 15), Huntington's disease (<i>n</i> = 20), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (<i>n</i> = 13), and from 16 healthy controls.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The accuracy rates obtained through 10-fold cross-validation were as follows: 94.86% for NDD versus control, 95.81% for PD versus control, 93.56% for HD versus control, 97.65% for ALS versus control, and 84.65% for PD versus HD versus ALS versus control. These results demonstrate the potential of the proposed system in distinguishing between different neurodegenerative diseases and control groups.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The results indicate that the designed system may serve as a complementary tool for the diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases, particularly in individuals who already present with varying degrees of motor impairment. Further validation and research are needed to establish its wider applicability.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70100","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142494943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Consensus-Based Guidelines for Communicating a Misdiagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis to Reduce Psychological Distress","authors":"Angela Lesley Baufeldt,&nbsp;Nikos Evangelou,&nbsp;Nima Moghaddam,&nbsp;Mark Gresswell,&nbsp;Roshan das Nair","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70109","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.70109","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Multiple sclerosis (MS) misdiagnosis is common, and when discovered, frequently leads to substantial disruption to patients’ lives and anxiety for clinicians. Our objective was to develop expert consensus-based guidelines about how to communicate a misdiagnosis of MS to a patient, to reduce the potential for both psychological distress and litigation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A modified Delphi method using a systematic literature review on doctor and patient experiences of the MS diagnosis communication was used to populate items for a first-round questionnaire. Our Delphi panel represented three perspectives (clinicians, people with MS, and published experts in health communication), and we recruited 18 panelists in total (6 per perspective). Consensus was defined a priori as 75% of panelists giving an item the same rating. A feedback round was undertaken with six external reviewers, naïve to the guideline development process, and the panelists. Items were reviewed by the study team and synthesized to create the finalized guidelines.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Consensus was reached for 45 items rated as “very important” and presented in the feedback round. The study team synthesized the 45 items to 27 items. Ten items related specifically to the communication of the MS misdiagnosis and 17 items to generic guidelines highlighted as important in the MS misdiagnosis appointment. Seven recommendations form the guidelines presented here.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Seven consensus-based recommendations offer guidance to practising neurologists in their communication with patients in a situation that has the potential to be highly distressing, for both clinician and patient.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70109","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142521009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Depression and Anxiety Symptoms in Breast Cancer Patients and Survivors: A Systematic Review of Interventional Studies","authors":"Marzieh Azizi,&nbsp;Fatemeh Heshmatnia,&nbsp;Hamed Milani,&nbsp;Zohreh Shahhosseini,&nbsp;Leila Monjazeb Marvdashti,&nbsp;Zahra Behboodi Moghadam","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70098","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.70098","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Breast cancer (BC) is the most common type of cancer and the second cause of cancer-related death among women. Psychological treatments such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) have been used as an effective method in the treatment of depression and anxiety in BC patients, and their effectiveness has been approved in various studies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The present study aimed to systematically investigate the effectiveness of CBT on depression and anxiety symptoms in BC patients and survivors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science [WOS], ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar were systematically searched from “October 2023” to “February 2024.” The quality of the included studies was evaluated using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP). In this study, the randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies that assessed the effectiveness of CBT, cognitive behavioral group therapy (CBGT), and the combination of CBT with other psychological studies on depression and anxiety of BC patients and survivors were reviewed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Out of the 16 included studies, six used CBT, and six used CBGT. In the other four studies, a combination of CBT with other psychological interventions was implemented as an interventional program. Among 16 included studies, 14 studies showed that CBT, CBGT, and a combination of CBT with other psychological interventions significantly decreased the anxiety and depression scores among BC patients and survivors (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), and only in two studies, no significant effect was observed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>As most included studies showed the effectiveness of CBT in decreasing the depression and anxiety scores among BC patients and survivors, this study strongly suggests CBT as an effective non-pharmacological method for the treatment of psychiatric disorders of BC patients during cancer treatments and also for BC survivors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70098","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142521011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Activation of PKM2 Induces Pyroptosis in Hippocampal Neurons via the NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD Pathway in Neonatal Rats With Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury","authors":"Sha Sha,&nbsp;Ni Jin,&nbsp;Ruiyu Zhou,&nbsp;Yanghao Ruan,&nbsp;Ying Ouyang","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70108","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.70108","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The presence of hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) in neonates triggers a strong neuroinflammatory reaction. Pyroptosis, a programmed cell death mechanism associated with inflammation, plays a crucial role in HIBD. Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) plays a significant role in connecting metabolic processes and inflammatory responses, but whether it affects hippocampus pyroptosis in HIBD is unclear. The aim of this study is to elucidate the role of PKM2 in HIBD and to propose a novel therapeutic approach for neonatal ischemic-hypoxic encephalopathy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this study, we employed neonatal 7-day-old Sprague Dawley rats to establish a model of HIBD using the Rice–Vannucci surgical technique and a hypoxia device. To inhibit the elevation of PKM2, we utilized the PKM2 inhibitor shikonin. The rats were categorized into four groups: Sham, Shikonin, HIBD, and Shikonin + HIBD. Behavioral tests, hematoxylin eosin staining, immunofluorescence staining, ELISA (IL-1β, IL-18), and LDH were conducted in each group to evaluate neurological function, hippocampal damage, the occurrence of neuronal pyroptosis, and the neuroinflammation. Western blot was used to assess the expression levels of PKM2, NLRP3, Caspase-1, Cleaved Caspase-1, GSDMD, GSDMDN, and IL-1β.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The expression of PKM2 elevated in hippocampal tissues of the HIBD model and the localization of PKM2 in the hippocampus was activated in neurons instead of microglia during the HIBD. Meanwhile, the inhibition of PKM2 improved the behavioral test scores and the body weight of rats, the neuronal damage in the CA1 region of hippocampal tissue was also attenuated. In addition, inhibiting PKM2 alleviated neuronal pyroptosis by decreasing the expression of PKM2, NLRP3, Caspase-1, Cleaved Caspase-1, GSDMD, GSDMDN. Furthermore, serum levels of LDH and inflammatory factors IL-1β and IL-18 decrease with PKM2 inhibition.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Based on these findings, we can conclude that PKM2 plays a crucial role in regulating hippocampal neuronal pyroptosis of HIBD rats via NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD pathway. Therefore, inhibiting PKM2 could be a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of neonatal ischemic-hypoxic encephalopathy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11499207/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142494947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association Between Serum Galectin-3 and Parkinson's Disease: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study","authors":"Rui Pan,&nbsp;Wei Li,&nbsp;Jinyuan Wang,&nbsp;Jiarong Xie,&nbsp;Xiucan Weng,&nbsp;Ying Yang,&nbsp;Xiaolei Shi","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70103","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.70103","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Parkinson's disease (PD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder with poor prognosis. Observational studies have demonstrated a significant correlation between serum galectin-3 and PD, suggesting a potential role of galectin-3 as a biomarker for PD. However, it is still unclear whether galectin-3 contributes to the risk of the disease.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach was used in this study. Genetic instruments for serum galectin-3 level were selected from a genome-wide association study (GWAS), including 30,931 European individuals. Summary-level statistics for PD were derived from another published GWAS, including 33,674 cases and 449,056 controls. Primary analysis was conducted using the inverse-variance weighting (IVW) method. Weighted median, MR-Egger, simple mode, weighted mode, and MR-pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO) methods were used as complementary analyses. To detect heterogeneity, Cochran's <i>Q</i> statistic and leave-one-out analysis were used. For testing potential horizontal pleiotropy, the MR-Egger intercept test and MR-PRESSO global test were conducted.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>MR analysis using IVW model (OR 1.112, 95% CI 1.025–1.206, <i>p</i> = 0.010), weighted median (OR 1.135, 95% CI 1.037–1.242, <i>p</i> = 0.006), weighted mode (OR 1.142, 95% CI 1.038–1.257, <i>p</i> = 0.030), and MR-PRESSO (OR 1.112, 95% CI 1.046–1.182, <i>p</i> = 0.012) presented a consistent result, indicating that increased serum galectin-3 was associated with a higher risk of PD. No heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy was detected in the analyses.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study shows a suggestive association between galectin-3 and PD. Increasing serum galectin-3 was associated with an increase in PD risk. Galectin-3 may play an important role in the causal pathway to PD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11499214/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142494933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Migraine Prevalence and Academic Impact on Medical Students at Alfaisal University","authors":"Anikó Szabó,&nbsp;Golam Mahamud,&nbsp;Faridul Ahsan","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70072","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.70072","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Migraine is highly prevalent among medical students but has been understudied in Saudi Arabia. This study aimed to determine migraine prevalence, characteristics, academic impacts, and coping strategies in medical students.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 352 medical students. Migraine was identified using ID-Migraine (38.8% prevalence) and International Classification of Headache Disorders 3rd edition (ICHD-3) criteria (36.8% prevalence). Analyses focused on the 130 students meeting ICHD-3 criteria.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The mean monthly migraine frequency was 3.5 days. Average pain severity was moderate at 6.4/10. Mean duration was 9.3 h. Exams triggered migraines for 66% and increased headache frequency/severity for most students. Headaches limited productivity ≥1 day for 86% and caused missed exams and grade point average (GPA) declines. Rest (77.7%), trigger avoidance (57.7%), and medications (56.9%) were the most common coping strategies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Migraine prevalence exceeded general population estimates, frequently disrupted academics, and was exacerbated by exam stressors. Support services and education on coping strategies tailored to academically triggered migraines could better equip students to manage headaches.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11499209/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142494944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Altered Patterns of Maternal Behavior Transitions in Rats Exposed to Limited Bedding and Nesting Material Paradigm","authors":"Grace E. Pardo,&nbsp;Lucero B. Cuevas,&nbsp;Luis F. Pacheco-Otalora,&nbsp;Enver M. Oruro","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70113","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.70113","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Maternal care plays a fundamental role in early life, and the alteration of its patterns can negatively affect the developmental course of the offspring in a myriad of domains in both rats and humans. The limited bedding and nesting (LBN) protocol is an extensively used paradigm in rodents to address the impact of altered maternal behavior patterns on infants' neurodevelopment. Here, we explore the altered patterns of maternal care in rats in LBN conditions by describing sequences of transition between maternal behavior components using network analysis. Using this technique, we capture how often maternal behavior transitions take place during the LBN period and which behaviors play central roles in those transitions over time.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Female rats and their pups were placed in standard and LBN housing conditions from Postpartum Days 2 to 9, during which maternal behavior was observed during the light and dark phases. We used inferential statistical analysis to compare the maternal behavior profiles of control and LBN dams, and network analysis was used to capture the altered sequence of maternal behavior transitions during the period of LBN.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Compared to control dams, LBN dams significantly increased their high crouch nursing posture during light/dark phases (<i>p </i>= 0.018), and the number of behavioral transitions increased only during the dark phase (<i>p </i>= 0.0004). Network analysis revealed specific altered patterns of behavioral transitions in LBN dams, characterized by the predominance of switches between active nursing postures during the first five days of the LBN protocol.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Nursing behavior was the most disrupted component of maternal behavior under the LBN protocol, mainly during the dark phase. Network analysis can complement and extend traditional methods to gain a more thorough understanding of maternal care strategies and behavioral patterns in LBN conditions and potential consequences for the offspring.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11499211/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142494932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Night Eating Syndrome Among University Students in Bangladesh: Investigation of Prevalence and Associated Factors","authors":"Sumaia Sahrin,&nbsp;Md. Hasan Al Banna,&nbsp;Mohammad Hamiduzzaman,&nbsp;Newton I. Gbordzoe,&nbsp;Tasnim Rahman Disu,&nbsp;Shammy Akter,&nbsp;Humayra Alam Mouly,&nbsp;M. M. Mehedi Hasan,&nbsp;Keith Brazendale","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70118","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.70118","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Night eating syndrome (NES) has been associated with psychological issues and academic performance among university students in several countries, yet research on NES in Bangladesh remains limited. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to examine the prevalence and factors associated with NES among university students in the country.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This cross-sectional study included 500 students from five public universities in Bangladesh. A validated 14-item night eating questionnaire was used to assess NES as the outcome variable. Demographic factors, depressive symptoms measured via the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and internet addiction levels measured via Orman's Internet Addiction Survey (OIAS) were explored as predictor variables. A multiple binary logistic regression model was fitted to identify the correlation of NES and its associated factors, with results presented as adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and level of significance set at <i>p</i> values &lt; 0.05.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The prevalence of NES among participants was 16.6% (mean age = 21.6 years, 53.6% male). Adjusted binary logistic regression revealed that male participants (AOR = 2.03, 95% CI = 1.09–3.74, <i>p</i> = 0.024), smoking (AOR = 1.92, 95% CI = 1.02–4.44, <i>p</i> = 0.044), depressive symptoms (AOR = 2.17, 95% CI = 1.26–3.72, <i>p</i> = 0.005), and severe internet addiction (AOR = 2.69, 95% CI = 1.28–5.62, <i>p</i> = 0.009) were significantly associated with increased odds of experiencing NES.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These findings underscore the need for heightened healthy eating awareness programs along with targeted mental health interventions with students attending Bangladeshi universities. Further research that explores longitudinal patterns of NES and the risk factors addressed in this study is warranted to better understand and inform the development of future interventions to benefit the Bangladeshi university student population.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11499212/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142494946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuroprotective Role of AQP4 Knockdown in Astrocytes After Oxygen–Glucose Deprivation","authors":"Xin Xing,&nbsp;Shuyan Zhang","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70107","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.70107","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Aquaporin-4 (AQP4), predominantly expressed in astrocytes, has been implicated in the development of brain edema following ischemic events. However, its role in post-stroke neuroinflammation is not fully understood.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) mouse model, we assessed AQP4's role in post-stroke inflammation. Brain tissue slices from male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to immunohistochemistry and western blot post-MCAO. Additionally, primary astrocytes were isolated for quantitative real-time PCR and immunofluorescence assays to evaluate the expression of inflammatory markers glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and AQP4. AQP4 modulation was achieved using viral knockdown and overexpression methods. Neuronal damage was assessed using flow cytometry and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) tests in co-culture studies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>MCAO mice exhibited a significant upregulation in GFAP. This reactive astrogliosis corresponded with an elevation in inflammatory markers. AQP4 expression responded to this inflammatory trend, peaking at 6 h after OGD and returning to baseline levels at 24 and 48 h. Co-culture experiments revealed that AQP4(+) astrocytes exacerbated injury in OGD-treated neurons, as evidenced by increased TUNEL positivity and apoptotic events. Conversely, AQP4(−) astrocytes appeared to have a protective effect. Knockdown of AQP4 resulted in reduced post-OGD inflammatory response, whereas AQP4 overexpression intensified the injury to neurons post-OGD. In vivo experiments also confirmed that AQP4 inhibitor TGN-020 reduced and overexpression of AQP4 increased behavioral abnormalities and brain infarcts.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our findings underscore AQP4's pivotal role in modulating post-stroke neuroinflammation. Targeting AQP4 may present a novel therapeutic avenue for mitigating ischemia-induced neuronal damage.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11499208/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142494945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting Swallowing Recovery in Subacute Stroke Patients via Temporal and Spatial Parameters of Videofluoroscopy","authors":"Lian Wang,&nbsp;Zhenhai Wei,&nbsp;Wei Xin,&nbsp;Zulin Dou","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70104","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.70104","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The purpose of this study was to identify the temporal and spatial parameters of videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) that could predict the recovery of swallowing function in subacute stroke patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We included 102 patients who were admitted to the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine between 2019 and 2022. Patients were classified into good and poor prognosis groups according to whether they had restored prestroke swallowing function or were able to consume sufficient nutrition via oral feeding to meet their body's needs. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were used to identify the predictors. Calibration and discrimination were tested using the Hosmer–Lemeshow test and area under the curve (AUC), respectively.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Of the 102 included patients, 51 had a good prognosis for swallowing function within 6 months of onset. The final multivariate regression model included three significant factors: laryngeal closure duration (LCD) (OR: 0.998; 95% CI: 0.996–0.999; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), maximum width of the upper esophageal sphincter opening (MWUESO) (OR: 1.251; 95% CI: 1.073–1.458; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), and pharyngeal residual grade (PRG) (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). The shorter LCD and larger MWUESO were positive predictors of good swallowing function outcomes, while higher PRG was a negative predictor of good outcomes. The AUC for PRG, MWUESO, and LCD were 0.767 (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), 0.738 (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), and 0.681 (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), respectively.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Identifying prognostic factors for the recovery of swallowing function in patients with poststroke dysphagia is essential for developing treatment strategies. The findings of this study may provide an important reference for developing appropriate therapeutic interventions to promote the recovery of swallowing function in stroke patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11494397/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142457851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}