Brain and Behavior最新文献

{"title":"Machine Learning-Based Identification of Children With Intermittent Exotropia Using Multiple Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Features","authors":"Mengdi Zhou, Huixin Li, Xiaoxia Qu, Lirong Zhang, Xueying He, Xiwen Wang, Jie Hong, Jing Fu, Zhaohui Liu","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70556","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To investigate the performance of machine learning (ML) methods based on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) parameters in distinguishing children with intermittent exotropia (IXT) from healthy controls (HCs).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Forty-one IXT children and 36 HCs were recruited. The amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF), fractional ALFF (fALFF) in the slow-4 and slow-5 bands, and regional homogeneity (ReHo) were calculated. The 360 cortical areas of the Human Connectome Project multimodal parcellation atlas (HCP-MMP 1.0 atlas) were chosen as 360 regions of interest (ROIs). Each rs-fMRI parameter value of one ROI was taken as a feature. The Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) was performed to reduce dimensions. We used four feature selection methods and nine classifiers. The ten-fold cross-validation was applied to evaluate the results.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The ML methods combined with rs-fMRI parameters had good classification performance in distinguishing IXT children from HCs, with the slow-5 fALFF parameter showing the best classification performance. The linear regression (LR) classifier with analysis of variance (ANOVA) feature selection achieved the highest area under the receiver operator characteristic curve values (0.957, 0.804, and 0.818 for the training, validation, and test datasets, respectively) using five features, including the slow-5 fALFF values of the right inferior parietal gyrus (IPG), right supplementary motor area (SMA), left primary somatosensory complex, right frontal opercula, and left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), and the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity values were 0.759, 0.759, and 0.760, respectively. The brain regions showing the greatest discriminative power included right IPG, right SMA, left primary somatosensory complex, right frontal opercula, left DLPFC, right posterior orbitofrontal cortex (pOFC), left medial superior temporal (MST), left parieto-occipital sulcus (POS), and right anterior ventral insula.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Based on the slow-5 fALFF values of the five cortices as the features, LR with ANOVA was the best ML model for distinguishing between IXT children and HCs. The result indicates the slow-5 fALFF parameter has the potential to serve as a biomarker for distinguishing IXT children from HCs. In addition, brain regions related to stereopsis, eye movement, and higher-order cognitive functions play an important role in the neuropat","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70556","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143939345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frontal Eye Field in the Precentral Sulcus: A Direct Electrical Cortical Stimulation Study With Stereo-EEG Electrodes","authors":"Yang Jin,&nbsp;Kaihui Li,&nbsp;Xining Liu,&nbsp;Fang Zhang,&nbsp;Xiao Wang,&nbsp;Lingxia Fei,&nbsp;Qinghua Tan,&nbsp;Danfang Li,&nbsp;Xiaobo Wang,&nbsp;Genbo Wang,&nbsp;Junxi Chen,&nbsp;Xiangshu Hu","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70537","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aims to explore the stimulation-induced eye movements (EMs) from various branches of the precentral sulcus (PrCS) and to learn if the epileptogenic area influences EMs effects.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The high-frequency direct electrical stimulation mapping reports were completed from patients with SEEG exploration. The counts of gender, the distribution of EMs effects sites, the seizure onset age, course of epilepsy, age of stimulation, and stimulation intensity were analyzed. The correlation factors of the EMs positive cases were studied through the multivariate regression method.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The PrCS through 778 contacts of 77 patients was studied from July 2015 to December 2020. A total of 18 patients showed induced EMs in the PrCS. The average stimulation intensity was 22.0 ± 1.3 mA. In positive cases, 279 contacts were explored on the PrCS, and 24.51% were positive. Overall, 60.32% sites were in the superior PrCS (SP), and 39.68% sites were in the inferior PrCS (IP). The SP was more likely to have a stimulating response to EMs than the IP (<i>p</i> = 0.017). The major EM effect was deviation, with a total of 39.68% positive sites in 11 cases, namely, 16 sites in the SP and 9 sites in the IP. Multiple regression analysis indicated that the positive EMs cases were only correlated with whether seizure onset zone (SOZ) was located on prCS (<i>p</i> = 0.004), but not with age of onset, duration, frequency of seizures, preoperative intelligence quotient (IQ), and age of stimulation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Deviation was the major type of positive EMs by directly stimulating the prCS. The SP was more sensitive to stimulation than the inferior branch was. The positive EM's chance showed a certain correlation with whether the prCS was inside the SOZ or not.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70537","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143939342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does the Use of Intravenous Immunoglobulin Improve Clinical Outcomes in Adults With Autoimmune Encephalitis? A Systematic Review","authors":"Anahat Kalra,&nbsp;Olivia Mackay,&nbsp;Emma Thomas-Jones,&nbsp;Tom Solomon,&nbsp;Paula Foscarini-Craggs","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70491","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Autoimmune encephalitis is an immune-mediated inflammatory condition affecting the central nervous system. Current best-practice guidelines recommend intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) for use if corticosteroids are ineffective, but the evidence surrounding the efficacy of IVIG in autoimmune encephalitis is yet to be evaluated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Perform a systematic review of the available literature to evaluate the efficacy of IVIG in autoimmune encephalitis and the impact of IVIG on clinical outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This systematic review was written following PRISMA-S guidelines. Papers eligible for inclusion were primary research including adults aged 16 years and above, with a suspected or confirmed diagnosis of autoimmune encephalitis, treated using IVIG. Each included study was assessed for quality.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results and conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>From 2533 records, 27 studies met the inclusion criteria. The use of IVIG is associated with improved short-term and long-term neurological outcomes. There is evidence that IVIG may be more effective when used in combination with corticosteroids. The use of IVIG is significantly associated with reduced seizure incidence in patients. Where recorded, adverse effects related to IVIG were few. There is insufficient data available on how IVIG impacts mortality rates, discharge rates, and its effects according to different types of autoimmune encephalitis. Out of the included papers, there was 1 randomized controlled trial (RCT), 3 nonrandomized trials and 23 cohort studies. 25 of 27 papers were deemed to have a high or serious risk of bias. Heterogeneous study design and the quality of studies were major limiting factors for this review, highlighting the need for further research.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70491","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143938758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cortical Structure in Nodes of the Default Mode Network Estimates General Intelligence","authors":"Abhinav Yadav,&nbsp;Archana Purushotham","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70531","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A growing number of studies implicate functional brain networks in intelligence, but it is unclear if network nodal structure relates to intelligence.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using MRI, we studied the relationship of the general intelligence factor (g) with cortical thickness (CT), local gyrification index (LGI), and voxel-based morphometry in the nodes of the default mode network (DMN) and task-positive network (TPN) in a cohort of 44 young, healthy adults. Employing a novel strategy, we performed repeated analyses with multiple sets of g estimates to remove false positives.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>CT and LGI in medial and temporal nodes of the DMN were reliably correlated with g (p &lt; 0.05; Pearson's coefficient: ‑0.52 to ‑0.25 and 0.22 to 0.41, respectively). Linear regression models were developed with these parameters to estimate individual g scores, with a median adj. R² of 0.25.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cortical thickness and gyrification in key nodes of the Default Mode Network correlate with intelligence. Linear regression models with these cortical parameters may provide an estimate of the g factor.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70531","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143939470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Albuminuria and Mental Illness Risk: Results From National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005–2018 and Mendelian Randomization Analyses","authors":"Yangyang Wang,&nbsp;Sen Li","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70545","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Recent evidence suggests a link between albuminuria and mental illness. However, whether this association is stable, and its specific mechanisms remain unclear.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The cross-sectional study utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005–2018. Weighted multivariable-adjusted logistic regression, subgroup analysis, interaction tests, and restricted cubic spline (RCS) were conducted to assess the correlation between albuminuria and the risk of mental illness (depression). Subsequently, two-sample Mendelian randomization analyses were performed to investigate the relationship between albuminuria and various mental illnesses (anxiety disorder, persistent delusional disorder, schizophrenia, schizotypal personality disorder, panic disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder [PTSD], obsessive-compulsive disorder, bipolar I disorder, bipolar II disorder, depression, autism, social anxiety disorder).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Albuminuria was consistently found to have a significant association with the risk of depression, regardless of its classification as a continuous or outcome variable. A positive correlation was found between albuminuria and depression in different age groups, gender, race, education attainment, and those with hypertension, coronary heart disease, and diabetes. Further, there is a positive correlation between albuminuria and the occurrence of schizophrenia and persistent delusional disorder.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There is a close association between albuminuria and mental illness, with albuminuria being a risk factor for schizophrenia and persistent delusional disorder. Further research is needed to establish the specific connections.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70545","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143939104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Usefulness of the Support Video “Talking Picture Book” for Overcoming Hesitancy to Start Galcanezumab Therapy","authors":"Hisanao Akiyama,&nbsp;Yoshihisa Yamano","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70447","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Galcanezumab, approved in April 2021, is the first humanized monoclonal antibody against the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) ligand to become available in Japan, but some patients with migraine are hesitant to start an anti-CGRP antibody for a variety of reasons, particularly its high price. To address this, a video in Japanese called “Talking Picture Book,” which aims to alleviate patients’ concerns about the anti-CGRP antibody, was released as support material in Japan in March 2022.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Between December 2022 and May 2023, we conducted a questionnaire survey of 34 consecutive patients who had just viewed the video in order to evaluate its effectiveness in persuading hesitant patients to start an anti-CGRP antibody.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Result</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Of these 34 patients, 79.8% gained a better understanding of migraine, 61.8% expressed a willingness to try galcanezumab, and 52.4% (11 patients) actually started the anti-CGRP antibody. The number of mean monthly migraine days was significantly greater in those 11 patients than in the others. Multivariable logistic analysis of factors contributing to the decision to start anti-CGRP antibody treatment revealed significant associations with monthly migraine days (odds ratio, 1.30; <i>p</i> = 0.01) and patients’ willingness to try anti-CGRP antibodies (odds ratio, 9.82; <i>p</i> = 0.04).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This material was particularly useful for patients with a high number of monthly migraine days who had been hesitant to start the therapy. “Talking Picture Book” is a useful material that complements physicians’ explanations of the therapy, and it is desirable that such video materials be adapted for use in other countries in the future.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70447","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143939102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Life Beyond Childhood: Insight Into the Lived Experience of 91 Adults With KBG Syndrome Through an Online Patient/Caregiver-Reported Co-Produced Questionnaire","authors":"Karen J. Low,&nbsp;Moira Walker,&nbsp;Georgia Treneman-Evans,&nbsp;Nuria C. Bramswig,&nbsp;Morten K. Herlin,&nbsp;Gaetan Lesca,&nbsp;Emanuela Scarano,&nbsp;Charlotte W. Ockeloen,&nbsp;Allan Bayat","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70553","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>KBG syndrome (KBGS) is a rare neurodevelopmental syndrome. We aimed to study the impact of KBGS in adulthood as reported by individuals with KBGS and their families/caregivers, thereby exploring aspects of everyday life underreported by healthcare professionals.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We co-produced an online questionnaire for adults with KBGS and their families/caregivers. Participants were recruited via the KBG Foundation, an American-based charity supporting individuals with KBGS and their families worldwide, and other international collaborators.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There were 91 responses for analysis, across the age range of 16–86 years. Respondents described a range of living arrangements, education, employment, leisure activities, and relationships. A higher proportion of 45–54year-olds had achieved independent living skills such as driving and grocery shopping compared to the younger age groups. None of the participants who were experiencing seizures lived independently. We described high rates of psychiatric comorbidities, behavioral difficulties, sleep problems, seizures, visual and hearing problems, dental and skeletal issues, and a higher than expected cardiovascular and gastrointestinal burden of disease.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study provides new insights into the everyday life of adults with KBGS, along with high rates of comorbidities that continue to impact quality of life into adulthood, with implications for medical care.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70553","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143939018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-Omics Analysis Reveals Disturbances of Purine Metabolism and Glutamate Metabolism in the Hippocampus of Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Mouse Model of Depression","authors":"Wen-Wen Li,&nbsp;Rui Xiao,&nbsp;Xue-Yi Chen,&nbsp;Jun-Cai Pu,&nbsp;Jian-Jun Chen,&nbsp;Hai-Yang Wang,&nbsp;Lan-Xiang Liu,&nbsp;Dan Li,&nbsp;Yang-Dong Zhang,&nbsp;Wen-Xia Li,&nbsp;Peng Xie","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70549","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Depression is a global health concern characterized by high incidence, disability, and disease burden. Neuroimmunity, through the secretion of inflammatory mediators and mediation of neuroinflammation, plays a significant role in depression's pathogenesis. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this pioneering study, we employed a comprehensive multi-omics approach, integrating 2-DE proteomics, liquid chromatography mass spectrometry-based metabolomics, and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) array, to investigate the hippocampal molecular profiles of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced immune inflammation-related depression. This innovative approach aimed to explore the potential pathogenesis of depression by systematically integrating data across multiple molecular layers.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Compared to the control group, we identified 81 differential proteins, 44 differential metabolites, and 4 differential mRNAs in LPS-treated mice. Integrated analysis of these multidimensional data revealed that purine metabolism and glutamate metabolism are the most significantly altered molecular pathways in LPS-induced depression. Additionally, we constructed the corresponding compound-reaction-enzyme-gene regulatory network.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study suggests that purine metabolism and glutamate metabolism may be the underlying mechanisms by which neuroinflammation regulates depression-like behaviors. Our findings confirm the important role of immune inflammation in depression and provide a new clue for the diagnosis and treatment of this disorder. Notably, the multi-omics approach employed in this study represents a pioneering effort in the field, providing unprecedented insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying depression.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70549","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143939060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effective Protection Against Status Epilepticus Caused by Lithium–Pilocarpine: Combination of Midazolam and Lacosamide","authors":"Cumaali Demirtas,&nbsp;Metehan Akca,&nbsp;Ugur Aykin,&nbsp;Yunus Emre Surmeneli,&nbsp;Hava Yildirim,&nbsp;Mehmet Yildirim","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70546","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Aim&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Status epilepticus causes the most severe condition related to epilepsy in terms of high mortality rate. Although status epilepticus treatment guidelines specify a treatment process based on three-stage monotherapy, effective control cannot yet be achieved in all cases. In the presented study, with electrophysiological and behavioral tests, it was aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the combination of midazolam (MDZ), one of the most commonly used benzodiazepines in the first-line treatment of status epilepticus, with the second-line antiepileptics levetiracetam (LEV), lacosamide (LCM), valproic acid (VPA), and fosphenytoin (fPHT).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;A status epilepticus model was created with lithium–pilocarpine (5 mEq/kg–320 mg/kg) in adult male Sprague–Dawley rats with implanted electroencephalography (EEG) electrodes. MDZ (9 mg/kg) alone or in dual combinations with antiepileptic drugs (200 mg/kg LEV, 50 mg/kg LCM, 300 mg/kg VPA, 100 mg/kg fPHT) was injected i.p. to the experiment groups with status epilepticus. After video-EEG recordings were taken from the rats during and after status, the effects of drug interactions on cognitive and motor behaviors were examined by applying behavioral tests (open field, Rotarod, radial arm maze, and passive avoidance).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Compared with the untreated status epilepticus group, it was determined that MDZ alone and the combination of four antiepileptic drugs administered with MDZ significantly reduced the mortality rate, spike frequency, and spike amplitude of epileptic seizures and suppressed epileptic seizures at certain levels (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.01). Compared to MDZ monotherapy, it was determined that the mortality rate and spike frequency and amplitude decreased significantly in the MDZ + LCM group (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.01), whereas on the other hand, mortality and spike frequency increased in the MDZ + LEV group (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.01). No negative effects were observed in learning and memory in all treatment groups, but it was determined that the motor functions of the animals treated with MDZ + fPHT were impaired compared to both the control group without any treatment and the MDZ group (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.01).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;In the status epilepticus model induced by lithium–pilocarpine, the combination of MDZ + LCM was found to be the most effective polytherapy option in reducing seizures and mortality. Additionally, it was observed that LEV, LCM, and VPA administered togeth","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70546","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143939105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Relationship Between Excessive Social Media Use and Eating Disorders Among Young Adults: Evidence From a Bangladesh-Based Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Trisha Mallick,&nbsp;Md. Hasan Al Banna,&nbsp;Tasnim Rahman Disu,&nbsp;Shammy Akter,&nbsp;Tareq Mahmud,&nbsp;Tasnima Akhter Tasin,&nbsp;Nargees Akter,&nbsp;Md. Saiful Alam,&nbsp;Md. Nazmul Hassan","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70540","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Problematic or addictive use of social media has been associated with psychological and health issues. The main objective of this study was to explore the relationship between Facebook addiction and eating disorders (EDs) among young adults in Bangladesh.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conducted an online-based cross-sectional study among 550 young adults aged 18 to 27 in Bangladesh. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain the survey data. The survey tool consisted of three sections: (i) socio-demographic, behavioral, and social media use-related characteristics, (ii) assessment of Facebook addiction using Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale, and (iii) assessment of EDs risk using Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26, outcome variable). Scoring at or above 20 on the EAT-26 scale (total score ranges from 0 to 78) indicated an ED risk. Unadjusted and adjusted binary logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate the relationship outcome and explanatory variables.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Approximately 38% of the study participants showed addiction to Facebook, whereas 23.6% were at risk of developing an ED. Multiple adjusted logistic regression models demonstrated that Facebook addiction was significantly associated with an increased risk of EDs (OR  =  1.784; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.154–2.760). Moreover, smoking habits, self-rated body mass index (BMI), and physical activity level showed a significant association with the risk of EDs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These findings may help public health professionals and policymakers to take the initiative and develop strategies to overcome these addictive behaviors and promote healthy eating habits across the country.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70540","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143939103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}