Brain and Behavior最新文献

{"title":"Ameliorative Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) and Methylphenidate Against Tramadol-Induced Cognitive Impairment: The Role of Hippocampal Oxidative Stress","authors":"Sara Shirazpour,&nbsp;Farahnaz Taheri,&nbsp;Gholamreza Sepehri,&nbsp;Manzumeh Shamsi Meymandi,&nbsp;Mahla Zangiabadizadeh,&nbsp;Mostafa Zangiabadi,&nbsp;Najmeh Sadat Hosseini,&nbsp;Mohammad Amin Rajizadeh,&nbsp;Sara Sheikhi,&nbsp;Nazanin Sabet","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70925","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70925","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Tramadol (TM) abuse results in significant cognitive dysfunction. This study aimed to investigate the impact of an 8-week high-intensity interval training (HIIT) regimen and methylphenidate (MPH) administration (alone and in combination) on cognitive function and hippocampal oxidative stress markers following chronic TM administration.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fifty-six adult male rats (200–250 g) were divided into eight groups and received one of the following treatments: tramadol (50 mg/kg, intraperitoneally, 5 days/week for the first month and 3 days/week for the second month), methylphenidate (10 mg/kg, intraperitoneally, 3 times/week for 60 days), HIIT (five sessions/week for 8 weeks), or saline (1 mL, intraperitoneally, daily for 60 days). Learning and memory were assessed using the Morris water maze (MWM) and passive avoidance tests. Hippocampal malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were measured using TBARS and FRAP methods, respectively. Hippocampal nitric oxide (NO) levels were determined with a commercial assay kit.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Tramadol induced significant impairments in learning and memory (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). MPH, HIIT, and their combination attenuated these deficits. Tramadol and MPH increased MDA and NO levels (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and reduced TAC (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). In contrast, HIIT reduced these parameters, even in the presence of MPH. In fact, HIIT reversed the adverse effects of tramadol and MPH by reducing MDA and NO (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and by increasing GPx (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) and TAC (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Although both MPH and HIIT interventions show promise in mitigating tramadol-induced cognitive deficits, their mechanisms of action appear to differ significantly. HIIT likely exerts its effects by modulating oxidative stress, whereas MPH seems to disrupt it, suggesting distinct underlying mechanisms. Further studies are required to elucidate these mechanisms in greater detail.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70925","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145146623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Featured Cover","authors":"Subramanian Muthusamy,&nbsp;Udaya Seneviratne,&nbsp;Henry Ma,&nbsp;Thanh G. Phan","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70961","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70961","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The cover image is based on the Original Article <i>How Neurologists Combine Clinical Signs and Subjective Factors to Diagnose Epileptic and Functional Seizures: Insights From Seizure Video Analysis</i> by Subramanian Muthusamy et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70866.\u0000\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure></p>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70961","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145146912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations of the Monocyte to High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio With Stroke Prevalence and All-Cause Mortality: Evidence From a Population-Based Study","authors":"Qing Meng,&nbsp;Li Zhang,&nbsp;Shengqiang Fan,&nbsp;Bin Shen,&nbsp;Chaoping Zou,&nbsp;Dezhou Sun,&nbsp;Xianghui Liu,&nbsp;Jian Zhang,&nbsp;Shugang Xu","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70896","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Background&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Monocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (MHR) is a biomarker of inflammation and metabolic disorders. However, the correlation between MHR and stroke is not well-studied. This study aims to examine how MHR correlates with stroke prevalence and prognosis.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;We used cross-sectional and longitudinal methods to analyze data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) spanning 2009–2018. The subjects were divided into four groups based on the MHR quartiles. We evaluated the correlation between MHR and the incidence of stroke through weighted multivariate logistic regression and curve fitting. In order to test whether there were differences between the different subgroups, stratified analyses were constructed, and the capacity of MHR to predict stroke was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Furthermore, we explored the connection between MHR and all-cause mortality by performing Cox proportional hazards models and Kaplan–Meier survival curves in stroke individuals.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;We had a total of 17,161 adult participants with a mean age of 49.07 ± 17.58 years of which 593 were diagnosed with stroke, with a prevalence of 3.46%. MHR was found to have a positive correlation with the incidence of stroke when fully adjusting for potential confounding variables. For each unit increase in MHR, the probability of stroke is elevated by 61% (OR: 1.61; 95% CI, 1.17–2.44, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.022). Curve fitting analysis revealed a linear relationship between baseline MHR index and stroke (nonlinearity &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.963). Subgroup analyses indicated that most stratified variables did not significantly interact with the relationship between MHR and stroke, but the effect of MHR was stronger in individuals without coronary heart disease. Furthermore, weighted Cox regression analyses revealed that the odds of all-cause mortality 72% higher (HR: 1.72; 95% CI, 1.16–2.78, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.027) for stroke patients in the highest quartile (Q4), compared with the lowest quartile (Q1) of MHR. Kaplan–Meier curves revealed that all-cause mortality significantly increased as MHR index values rose.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;In this cross-sectional study of US adults, MHR maintains a linear positive relationship with stroke. In addition, MHR can help predict long-term mortality in individuals with stroke. The analyses demonstrate that MHR may serve as an effective predictor of stroke and its","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70896","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145146884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of the NOTCH3 Gene Reveals the First CADASIL Cases in Crete and a Novel Pathogenic Variant","authors":"Ioannis Zaganas,&nbsp;Ioannis Tsiverdis,&nbsp;Evgenia Kokosali,&nbsp;Ionela Litso,&nbsp;Minas Drakos,&nbsp;Irene Skoula,&nbsp;Alexandros Zabetakis,&nbsp;Lambros Mathioudakis,&nbsp;Vassilios Mastorodemos,&nbsp;Panayiotis Mitsias","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70789","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70789","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>NOTCH3</i> gene variants are associated with cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL). In this study we aimed to examine the presence of pathogenic <i>NOTCH3</i> variants in individuals with suspected CADASIL on the Greek island of Crete. This represents the first report of CADASIL patients in Crete.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We reviewed the medical records of the University Hospital of Heraklion and identified three patients with the clinical diagnosis of CADASIL. In these patients pathogenic NOTCH3 variants were identified through targeted or whole-exome sequencing (WES).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A novel heterozygous variant in exon 4 of the <i>NOTCH3</i> gene (p.Cys206Trp; NM_000435.3:c.618C&gt;G) was found in a 67-year-old woman who suffered from recurrent ischemic strokes, cognitive impairment, depression, and headache, as well as her son, who presented with headache, anxiety disorder, and insomnia. Brain MRI for both patients revealed white matter disease, including the anterior temporal lobes. The characteristics of this variant (a Cys-related variant in the epidermal growth factor repeats area) support its pathogenicity. We also identified a 72-year-old patient affected by CADASIL and carrying a previously described p.Arg607Cys (NM_000435.3:c.1819C&gt;T) <i>NOTCH3</i> variant.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This report extends the geographic and genotypic spectrum of pathogenic NOTCH3 variants and documents the first CADASIL cases on the island of Crete, Greece.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70789","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145146754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Problematic Social Media Use Among University Entrance Test-Takers: Prevalence, Psychosocial Factors, and a Mediation-Moderation Model","authors":"Mohammad Majharul Islam,&nbsp;Shikder Mohammad Rakibul Hasan,&nbsp;Akihiro Masuyama,&nbsp;Farzana Tayeeba,&nbsp;Md. Faruk Islam,&nbsp;Nayeem Hasan Obhi,&nbsp;Miftahul Jannat Tahia,&nbsp;Ayesha Siddika Khan Sayma,&nbsp;Moneerah Mohammad ALmerab,&nbsp;Debasruti Ghosh,&nbsp;Saurabh Raj,&nbsp;Mohammed A. Mamun,&nbsp;Firoj Al-Mamun","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70911","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Social media has become integral to daily life, but problematic social media use (PSMU) is an emerging public health concern. Few studies have specifically examined PSMU among university admission test-takers. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and predictors of PSMU, the mediating role of social media use duration and the moderating effect of perceived social support on the relationship between psychological distress and PSMU among university entrance test-takers in Bangladesh.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A cross-sectional study was conducted in February 2025, involving 1139 students preparing for university admission tests. Data on sociodemographic, admission-related factors, mental health symptoms, perceived stress, social support, and PSMU were collected. Data analysis involved Chi-square tests, logistic regression, and structural equation modeling (SEM) using IBM SPSS 26 and R (lavaan package).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The prevalence of PSMU was 21.2%. Logistic regression analysis revealed that social media use duration, cigarette smoking, fracture in body parts, depression (OR = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.10–2.34), and high stress (OR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.03–2.64) had significantly increased odds of developing PSMU. Participants with moderate social support had higher likelihood of PSMU (OR = 1.51, 95% CI: 1.05–2.16). SEM analysis indicated that anxiety (<i>β</i> = 0.37, <i>p</i> = 0.009) and stress (<i>β</i> = 0.27, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) had significant direct effects on PSMU, whereas depression did not directly influence PSMU. Social media use duration significantly mediated 24.7% of the effect of stress on PSMU (indirect <i>β</i> = 0.089, <i>p</i> = 0.003), but no significant mediation was found for anxiety or depression. Perceived social support did not significantly moderate the relationships between psychological distress and PSMU.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Anxiety, stress, and social media usage duration contribute to PSMU. These results inform targeted interventions to mitigate PSMU behaviors and support mental health in this vulnerable group.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70911","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145146757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation of 3D MRI-Derived Adenohypophysis Volume With Height and Peak GH in Peripubertal Children","authors":"Jianjian Cai,&nbsp;Ling Zhang,&nbsp;Weiyin Vivian Liu,&nbsp;Qin Liu,&nbsp;Dong Liu,&nbsp;Wen Zhou","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70922","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70922","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To investigate correlations between adenohypophysis volume (aPV) quantified by 3D CUBE T1 MRI, height, and peak GH levels (GH max), and evaluate its clinical utility.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 380 children (3–12 years) old with suspected growth and development disorders enrolled from May 2020 to July 2022. All of them underwent 3.0T pituitary MRI with 3D CUBE T1WI, serological testing, growth hormone stimulation testing, and aPV and peak GH levels were also measured. Pearson and partial correlation analysis assessed relationships between aPV, height, and peak GH.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Strong aPV correlations with weight (<i>r =</i> 0.603, <i>p &lt; </i>0.001), age (<i>r =</i> 0.575, <i>p &lt; </i>0.001), and height (<i>r =</i> 0.665, <i>p &lt; </i>0.001) were observed in adolescent children. There was no significant correlation between aPV and peak GH (<i>r =</i> 0.083, <i>p =</i> 0.105), and between peak GH value and height (<i>r =</i> −0.108, <i>p =</i> 0.036) in adolescent children. No gender-based aPV difference was observed using the Mann–Whitney <i>U</i> test (<i>p </i>&gt; 0.05). After covariate adjustment (age, gender, weight), there were a significant aPV and height correlation (<i>r =</i> 0.250, <i>p &lt; </i>0.001), a significant aPV and peak GH correlation (<i>r =</i> 0.246, <i>p &lt; </i>0.001), and a significant peak GH and height correlation (<i>r =</i> 0.176, <i>p &lt; </i>0.001).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>After controlling confounders, the correlation between the aPV and height exceeds the correlation between peak GH and height. aPV reflects not only GH secretion but also integrated endocrine regulation of growth thorough multiple hormones. 3D CUBE T1 volumetry provides a clinically valuable non-invasive method for assessing growth and development disorders.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70922","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145146364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Risk of Violence Among People With Disabilities in China: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies","authors":"Tao Tao,&nbsp;Wangqian Fu,&nbsp;Ying Yuan","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70867","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Individuals with disabilities are vulnerable to violence, but the prevalence and risk of violence against this population in China remain unclear.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aims to examine the prevalence, risk (using odds ratios), and potential moderators of violence against people with disabilities in China.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A comprehensive search of both Chinese and English databases was conducted, identifying 47 eligible observational studies. A three-level meta-analysis was used to summarize the prevalence and odds ratios (ORs) across studies. Subgroup analyses were performed to explore potential moderators.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The meta-analysis found the overall prevalence of violence against individuals with disabilities in China was 32.16% (95% CI [25.87%, 38.77%]). The pooled odds ratio indicated that people with disabilities were 2.13 times more likely to experience violence than those without (95% CI [1.69, 2.67]). Both estimates were higher than global figures. Significant heterogeneity was present (I² = 98.50% for prevalence; I² = 77.18% for ORs). Subgroup analyses identified several significant moderators, including sampling strategy, sample size, age, educational setting, perpetrator, violence type, respondent, and assessment time-frame.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The prevalence and risk of violence against people with disabilities in China are high. The findings highlight the critical need for targeted prevention and intervention strategies. The significant moderators identified should be considered in future research and policy-making.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70867","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145146756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patterns of Past COVID-19 and EBV Infection in Primary Headache Disorders: A Population Study","authors":"Keshet Pardo,&nbsp;Maor Mermelstein,&nbsp;Shlomit Yust-Kats","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70858","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Viral illnesses are known to trigger chronic headaches. Following the COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic, many patients reported prolonged headaches. However, the impact on the incidence of primary headache disorders remains unclear. The aim of our study was to evaluate whether patients with newly diagnosed primary headache disorders had higher rates of prior COVID-19 and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infections, to further explore the impact of viral infections on primary headache disorders.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A case-control study using data from the Clalit Health Services database comparing patients with newly diagnosed primary headache disorders, between June 2020 and June 2023, to non-headache controls, with regard to rates of prior COVID-19 and EBV infection.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our cohort comprised 39,693 patients with primary headaches: 30,956 with migraine, 7984 with tension-type headache (TTH), and 753 with cluster headache (CH). The control group included 69,272 individuals. EBV infection was associated with both migraine (OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.09–1.17) and TTH (OR 1.11, 95% CI 1.03–1.20). However, in a multivariable analysis, only the association with migraine remained significant. COVID-19 infection was associated with migraine (OR 1.04, 95% CI 1.01–1.07), but lost significance when adjusted for comorbidities. The association between COVID-19 and TTH was nonsignificant in a univariable analysis (OR 1.05, 95% CI 1.00–1.12). However, in a stratified analysis, COVID-19 was significantly associated with TTH among patients with anxiety or depression. The CH group showed no significant differences compared to controls.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Different viral infections have varying effects on primary headache disorders: EBV infection is primarily associated with migraine, while COVID-19 is primarily associated with TTH. These findings underscore the distinct pathophysiological mechanisms underlying these disorders and suggest a differential involvement of the immune system in their development.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70858","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145146340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effective Functional Pattern Between Prefrontal fNIRS Activity and Cognitive Performance in Patients With Parkinson's Disease: A Data-Driven PLS Approach","authors":"Xinxin Chen,&nbsp;Bingjie Tian,&nbsp;Bingjie Ma,&nbsp;Shizheng Zhang,&nbsp;Xiangdong Huang,&nbsp;Jianping Huang,&nbsp;Zhenguo Liu,&nbsp;Miaomiao Hou","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70915","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70915","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background:</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Current clinical assessments often fail to detect early prefrontal dysfunction in Parkinson's disease (PD), highlighting the need for objective neuroimaging biomarkers to quantify causal connectivity patterns for early impairment detection.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods:</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We enrolled 91 PD patients (71.08 ± 5.53 years) who underwent functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) recording during both resting-state and verbal fluency task (VFT). Transfer entropy (TE) analysis was performed to quantify effective connectivity (EC) between prefrontal regions. Partial least squares (PLS) was then applied to examine multivariate relationships between task design, MoCA subscales, and VFT performance (verbal output).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results:</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>PLS analysis revealed distinct EC patterns associated with task-states (resting state vs. VFT) and cognitive performance. Specifically, EC within the prefrontal network was significantly enhanced during VFT compared to the resting state. These PLS-derived patterns showed consistency with conventional paired <i>t</i>-test results, reinforcing the robustness of findings. Stronger top-down connectivity to the FPA-R (the right frontopolar area) in the resting state was correlated with better language performance on the MoCA. Conversely, enhanced top-down connectivity to the FPA-L (the left frontopolar area) during VFT was correlated with poorer MoCA subscales in attention, abstraction, delayed recall, and orientation, as well as with reduced verbal output.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion:</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>PD patients with poorer cognitive performance exhibited enhanced top-down modulation of the FPA-L by other prefrontal regions, suggesting compensatory network adaptation. These findings identify FPA-L as a critical hub for cognitive reserve in PD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70915","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145146344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cluster Analysis of Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke: Identifying Characteristics of Long Hospital Stays in a Comprehensive Hospital","authors":"HeJiao Mao,&nbsp;Guangsong Han,&nbsp;Yuhui Sha,&nbsp;Juanjuan Wu,&nbsp;Mingyu Tang,&nbsp;Ziang Pan,&nbsp;Lixin Zhou,&nbsp;Yicheng Zhu,&nbsp;Jun Ni","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70940","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is a leading cause of mortality and disability worldwide, imposing a significant burden on patients and healthcare systems. Length of stay (LOS) is a critical metric for assessing hospital resource utilization and patient prognosis. Identifying characteristics of AIS patients with prolonged LOS is essential for optimizing resource allocation and improving patient management. This study aimed to use cluster analysis to profile AIS patients with long LOS in a comprehensive hospital and explore differences in characteristics across gender and age subgroups.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This single-center, retrospective cohort study included 664 patients admitted with AIS to Peking Union Medical College Hospital from June 2012 to September 2021. Data collected included demographics, admission NIHSS scores, stroke risk factors, etiologies, and diagnostic workups. Patients were clustered using the K-prototype method, a machine learning technique for subclassifying complex data, to differentiate between patients with long and short LOS. Statistical tests were used to identify significant differences between the clusters.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cluster analysis revealed that patients with longer LOS had a higher proportion of females (42.9% vs. 24.7%, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and were generally younger (52.3 vs. 65.4 years, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). This group exhibited lower proportions of TOAST type 1 strokes (17.7% vs. 70.4%, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), higher levels of hsCRP and D-dimer, and no significant difference in acute phase NIHSS scores. Notably, in-hospital strokes and admissions to non-neurological departments were more frequent in the long LOS group. Subgroup analysis by gender and age revealed that younger males and females shared similar characteristics with the overall long LOS group, including a higher incidence of non-neurological department admissions and higher D-dimer levels.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study highlights the heterogeneity of AIS and the importance of etiological identification, particularly in younger and female patients. Our findings suggest that traditional factors like NIHSS scores may not fully capture the complexity of factors influencing LOS in these groups. Improved cross-departmental collaboration is crucial for better management of AIS patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70940","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145146645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}