Brain and Behavior最新文献

{"title":"Towards Clinical Diagnoses: Classifying Alzheimer's Disease Using Single fMRI, Small Datasets, and Transfer Learning","authors":"Samuel L. Warren,&nbsp;Ahmed A. Moustafa,&nbsp;for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70427","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.70427","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Deep learning and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) are two unique methodologies that can be combined to diagnose Alzheimer's disease (AD). Multiple studies have harnessed these methods to diagnose AD with high accuracy. However, there are difficulties in adapting this research to real-world diagnoses. For example, the two key issues of data availability and model usability limit clinical applications. These two areas are concerned with problems of accessibility, generalizability, and methodology that may limit model adoption. For example, fMRI deep learning models require a large amount of training data, which is not widely available. Contemporary models are also not typically formatted for clinical data or created for use by non-specialized populations. In this study, we develop a deep-learning fMRI pipeline that addresses some of these issues.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We use transfer learning to address problems with data availability. We also use semi-automated and single-image techniques (i.e., one fMRI volume per participant) to make a model that is usable for non-specialized populations. Our model was initially trained on 524 participants from the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange (ABIDE; Autism and controls). Our model was then transferred and fine-tuned to a small sample of 64 participants from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI; AD and controls).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Findings and Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This transfer learning model achieved an AD classification accuracy of 77% and outperformed the same model without transfer learning by approximately 30%. Accordingly, our model showed that small AD samples can be accurately classified in a clinically friendly manner.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11922808/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143662414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Relationship Between Grip Strength and Cognitive Impairment: Evidence From NHANES 2011–2014","authors":"Wenyi Nie,&nbsp;Jingqing Hu","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70381","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Prior research has consistently shown an association between muscle strength and various metabolic diseases. However, the relationship between muscle strength and cognitive impairment remains elusive.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using data from the 2011–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), we investigated the association between muscle strength and cognitive impairment. We used multivariate logistic regression, restricted cubic spline regression (RCS), and threshold effects to investigate the impact of muscle strength on cognitive function. In addition, we analyzed the correlation between muscle strength and cognitive impairment in subgroups of age, gender, race, education, smoking status, drinking status, hypertension, diabetes, and heart disease.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>2124 participants were ultimately included for further analysis. Multivariate logistic regression, trend testing, and RCS analysis showed a non-linear negative correlation between muscle strength and cognitive impairment. Threshold effect analysis suggests that when muscle strength reaches a certain value, this relationship undergoes significant changes. In the three cognitive function scoring tests, interaction was only observed in the racial subgroup.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study suggests a negative correlation between muscle strength and cognitive function, which may have a threshold effect. Further longitudinal studies are needed to elucidate its potential mechanisms.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70381","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143645879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Listening to a Three-Dimensional Virtual Reality Sound: Effects on Stress Response of Adults","authors":"Yücehan Yilmaz,&nbsp;Faruk Dişli,&nbsp;Sedat Yildiz","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70418","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Virtual reality (VR) technologies utilizing three-dimensional (3D) sound may offer sensually engaging imitations. Thus, they may lead to relaxation or may provide a way of escaping from disturbing life events. As they have the potential to manage stress, the current study aimed to investigate the effects of VR 3D sounds on the stress axes of the body, namely the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and hypothalamo–pituitary–adrenal (HPA).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Participants (19 men and 27 women, mean age 25.8 ± 10.4 years), wearing on-ear headphones, did not listen to anything (control) or listened to a mono or 3D sound imitating a real-life situation taking place in a virtual barbershop. The control phase was immediately followed by mono or 3D phases. Half of the participants in mono and 3D phases were crossed, with 45 min intervals, to control the effect of time and habituation. Reactivity of ANS and HPA was measured by heart rate variability (HRV) and salivary cortisol measurements, respectively. HRV was measured during each phase by a 5-min continuous electrocardiogram recording. Salivary samples were taken during control recording and 15-min after mono or 3D sound listening. HRV parameters consisted of both time- and frequency-domain parameters, including standard deviation of R–R interval (SDNN), total power (TP), and low frequency/high frequency (LF/HF), as a measure for sympathovagal activity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Compared to the control phase, the 3D sound increased almost all HRV parameters (including SDNN, TP, LF/HF, etc., <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) but did not affect salivary cortisol levels (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05). Effects of mono sound were in between the control and 3D sound phases.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>It seems that a 3D sound imitating a real-life environment does not affect HPA but increases HRV and sympathovagal balance, suggesting that VR 3D sound is likely to reproduce an ANS response observed in real life.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70418","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143645940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing Causality Between Plasma Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor With Major Depression Disorder: A Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Study","authors":"Ming Chen,&nbsp;Hao-Zhang Huang,&nbsp;Yi-Hui Liu,&nbsp;Qiang Li,&nbsp;Lin-Yan Fu,&nbsp;Cai-Lan Hou","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70425","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study employed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach to investigate the bidirectional relationship between brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and major depressive disorder (MDD), addressing gaps left by prior observational studies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We utilized Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) datasets, including MDD information from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC) and the UK Biobank (<i>N</i> = 500,199), along with plasma BDNF measurements from the FinnGen Consortium (<i>N</i> = 619). In a subsequent phase, we analyzed MDD data from FinnGen (<i>N</i> = 448,069) with plasma BDNF data from three additional GWAS sources: UK Biobank (<i>N</i> = 33,924), deCODE (<i>N</i> = 35,353), and INTERVAL (<i>N</i> = 3301). Multiple MR methods were applied to ensure a robust analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The inverse variance weighted (IVW) method revealed no significant association between plasma BDNF levels and the risk of developing MDD (IVW odds ratio [OR] = 1.00, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.99–1.01, <i>p</i> = 0.769). Similarly, no causal effect of the <i>BDNF</i> gene on MDD was identified (OR = 0.91, CI = 0.23–3.56, <i>p</i> = 0.893). Furthermore, there was no evidence supporting a causal link between MDD and plasma BDNF levels (OR = 0.99, CI = 0.89–1.09, <i>p</i> = 0.783). The second phase of analysis confirmed the absence of bidirectional causal relationships.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This bidirectional MR analysis provides no evidence of a causal association between plasma BDNF levels and MDD. These findings prompt a re-evaluation of plasma BDNF as a biomarker for MDD and emphasize the need for further investigation into its functional role within the plasma as well as its levels and activity in the brain and cerebrospinal fluid.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70425","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143645941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screening of the Risk of Eating Disorders Among Medical Students in the MENA region and Its Associated Factors: A Multinational Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Siwar Belhaj Salem,&nbsp;Fatima Ezzahraa El Idrissi,&nbsp;Ahmed Fikry mohamed,&nbsp;Husam Khrais,&nbsp;Rawan Elwalid Jad,&nbsp;Umair Ul Haq,&nbsp;Jaafer Ammar Jouini,&nbsp;Ramla Mohamed Farah Roble,&nbsp;Ronahy Haidar,&nbsp;Fatma Zaouali,&nbsp;Abdullah Janem,&nbsp;Hossam Salameh,&nbsp;Ruzan Jamaleddin,&nbsp;Alaa Mohamed Elsayed,&nbsp;Fidha Hussain,&nbsp;Yasmine Adel Mohammed,&nbsp;Abeer Hagali,&nbsp;Zeyad Yassin,&nbsp;Shahd Almansour,&nbsp;Farah Bahsas,&nbsp;Dana AlMahder,&nbsp;Muhammad Shoaib Khan","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70417","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Eating disorders (EDs) are a group of mental diseases marked by disrupted eating behaviors, and are associated with several factors. Medical students are highly exposed to this mental disorder with a prevalence of 17.35% in 2022.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To evaluate the risk of EDs and its associated factors among medical students in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A web-based cross-sectional study was conducted among medical students in the MENA region during the months of June and July 2024. The primary data collection instrument was a comprehensive questionnaire that contained the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) and sociodemographic and clinical features and designed using Google Forms and distributed via social media platforms.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The total number of participants was 5061. The mean age in our population was 22.58 ± 3.27. Our population's average EAT-26 score was 13.87 ± 10.7, with ranges varying from 0 to 72. Based on their EAT-26 scores being 20 or above, 1254 people (24.8%) were deemed to be at risk of EDs. Among the participants, 8% were underweight. The multivariable logistic regression model revealed several eating disorder risk factors such as T1DM, schizophrenia, autism, female gender, IBD, and daily exposure to thin body ideal. Regular sports practice and weight satisfaction were protective factors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There exists a higher prevalence of individuals at risk for the development of EDs in the MENA region especially females, students with comorbidities, and those having conflictual relationships with their parents. Regular sports practice and weight satisfaction are protective factors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70417","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143645966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Analyses Identified Lipid Species Associated With Intracranial Aneurysm Formation","authors":"Junqing Yan","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70435","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Intracranial aneurysm (IA) poses a significant health risk, and its formation involves various factors, including lipid metabolism, while former research only focused on the standard lipid. The purpose of this study is to explore 179 lipid variants' impact on unruptured intracranial aneurysms (uIA).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Utilizing GWAS data for lipids and uIAs, MR analyses were employed with pleiotropy, heterogeneity, and sensitivity tests. Reverse MR analyses were then conducted.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>MR analyses revealed seven lipids associated with uIAs: TAG (51:3). SE (27:1/16:1), PC (18:2_18:2), TAG (48:1), TAG (48:2), and TAG (51:3) were identified as uIA risk factors, while SE (27:1/18:1) and SM (d34:0) exhibited protective effects. Reverse MR analysis showed no bidirectional causal relationships.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study identifies specific lipid variants causally linked to uIAs, shedding light on their roles in IA formation. These findings contribute to future research on IA risk assessment and potential therapeutic interventions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70435","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143645878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Reliable Is the G41 Discharge Code for Status Epilepticus?","authors":"Quentin Calonge,&nbsp;Vincent Navarro,&nbsp;Sophie Tezenas du Montcel","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70443","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Medico-administrative databases are increasingly used to study the epidemiology of status epilepticus (SE), targeting hospitalizations with the SE G41 ICD-10 code. However, the positive predictive value (PPV) of the G41 code, which measures the percentage of true cases among those identified by the code, is unknown.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We identified all hospitalizations with a primary or secondary diagnosis coded as G41 in five different hospitals. Medical reports for each hospitalization were reviewed to classify the stays as really related to SE or not, using two distinct approaches (sensitive and specific). The clinical characteristics of SE cases were also extracted.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Among the 797 hospitalizations identified, the PPV ranged from 85.7% using the sensitive approach to 70.6% with the specific approach. Hospitalizations coded with G41 as the main diagnosis had the highest PPV, whereas codes G411 and G418 showed the lowest PPV. Of the 400 hospitalizations with a G410 (generalized convulsive SE) code, 72.7% were classified as generalized convulsive SE, while 76.5% of the 149 hospitalizations with a G412 (focal SE) code were classified as focal SE.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our findings highlight that PPV varies by G41 subtype and diagnostic position. Studies requiring a higher PPV should exclude certain codes or hospitalizations with G41 code only as an associated diagnosis. Further studies are needed to estimate the sensitivity and specificity of G41 code.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70443","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143645965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Causal Associations of Epigenetic Age Acceleration With Stroke and Its Functional Outcome: A Two-Sample, Two-Step Mendelian Randomization Study","authors":"Baizhi Qiu,&nbsp;Shuyang Wen,&nbsp;Zifan Li,&nbsp;Yuxin Cai,&nbsp;Qi Zhang,&nbsp;Yuting Zeng,&nbsp;Shuqi Zheng,&nbsp;Zhishan Lin,&nbsp;Yupeng Xiao,&nbsp;Jihua Zou,&nbsp;Guozhi Huang,&nbsp;Qing Zeng","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70412","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Emerging evidence from observational studies suggested that epigenetic age acceleration may result in an increased incidence of stroke and poorer functional outcomes after a stroke. However, the causality of these associations remains controversial and may be confounded by bias. We aimed to investigate the causal effects of epigenetic age on stroke and its functional outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to explore the causal relationships between epigenetic age and stroke and its outcomes. Additionally, a two-step MR analysis was performed to investigate whether lifestyle factors affect stroke via epigenetic age. Datasets of epigenetic age were obtained from a recent meta-analysis (<i>n</i> = 34,710), while those of stroke and its outcomes were sourced from the MEGASTROKE (<i>n</i> = 520,000) consortium and Genetics of Ischaemic Stroke Functional Outcome (GISCOME) network (<i>n</i> = 6165).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Two-sample MR analysis revealed a causal relationship between PhenoAge and small vessel stroke (SVS) (OR = 1.07; 95% CI, 1.03–1.12; <i>p</i> = 2.01 × 10⁻³). Mediation analysis through two-step MR indicated that the increased risk of SVS due to smoking initiation was partially mediated by PhenoAge, with a mediation proportion of 9.5% (95% CI, 1.6%–20.6%). No causal relationships were identified between epigenetic age and stroke outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our study supports using epigenetic age as a biomarker to predict stroke occurrence. Interventions specifically aimed at decelerating epigenetic aging, such as specific lifestyle changes, offer effective strategies for reducing stroke risk.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70412","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143645880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Analysis of the Efficacy of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation in Somatic and Idiopathic Tinnitus Patients","authors":"Emre Soylemez,&nbsp;Aydin Sinan Apaydin,&nbsp;Zehra Aydoğan,&nbsp;Neslihan Hazal Şen,&nbsp;Murat Yasar,&nbsp;Ömer Gökay Argadal","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70429","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) treatment in patients with chronic somatic tinnitus (CST) originating from the neck and idiopathic chronic subjective tinnitus (ICST).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study was conducted on 21 CST and 25 ICST individuals. These individuals were divided into two groups. Active TENS therapy was applied to one group, and a placebo was applied to the other group. Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI), Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Short Form-36 (SF-36) were applied to the individuals before and after the therapy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In the CST group that received active treatment, significant improvements were noted in THI, VAS-tinnitus, VAS-neck pain, and SF-36 (energy and pain) after treatment (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). In the ICST group that received active treatment, significant improvements were observed in tinnitus loudness, THI, tinnitus loudness, BAI, VAS-Tinnitus, and SF-36 (physical function, mental health, and physical role limitations) after treatment (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Although cervical TENS therapy is considered to be a more effective treatment method for neck-related CST patients, our placebo-controlled comparative study demonstrates that cervical TENS can be effectively used to alleviate tinnitus and improve the quality of life in both CST and ICST patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70429","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143646105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association Between Dietary Alcohol Intake and Migraine or Severe Headache Miscellaneous Pain: The NHANES 1999–2004","authors":"Yi Tang,&nbsp;Kangrui Zhang,&nbsp;Yueyu Zhang,&nbsp;Xinhui Jia,&nbsp;Jiaxuan Li,&nbsp;Jie Hu,&nbsp;Xun He,&nbsp;Xinyi Chen,&nbsp;Juncang Wu","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70400","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background:</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The relationship between alcohol consumption and migraine or severe headache remains controversial in the existing literature. Given that alcohol is a widely consumed beverage, clarifying the relationship between alcohol and migraine or severe headaches can help manage the patient's condition.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim:</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to investigate the potential relationship between alcohol consumption and migraine or severe headache.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods:</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Employing National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database records spanning March 1999 to December 2004, our analysis encompassed threshold effects, smoothed curve fitting, and multivariate logistic regression to elucidate the relationship between alcohol consumption level and migraine or severe headaches. We utilized subgroup analyses and interaction tests to explore the stability of this relationship across different stratified populations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results:</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 13,083 subjects were enrolled. The odds of migraine or severe headache decreased with increasing dietary alcohol intake. This was more pronounced in the older and male subgroups.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions:</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There was a significant negative association between dietary alcohol intake and the odds of having migraine or severe headache.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70400","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143612451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}