Brain and Behavior最新文献

{"title":"The Impact of Threatening Facial Expressions on Negotiation: An Eye-Tracking Study","authors":"Mohammad Hossein Majidi,&nbsp;Khatereh Borhani","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70461","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Facial expressions play a crucial role in social interactions, influencing trust, and decision-making. In negotiations, threatening expressions may convey dominance or hostility, potentially reducing cooperation. This study explores how threatening facial expressions and autistic traits (ATs) affect social decision-making in the Ultimatum Game (UG), focusing on their main effects on UG offers.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fifty adults participated in the study. A Linear Mixed Model (LMM) was conducted to analyze the main effects of threat level and ATs on UG proposals. In addition, eye-tracking technology was used to investigate participants' visual attention toward different facial areas.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The results revealed a significant main effect of threatening facial expressions, as participants made lower offers in response to high-threat faces. However, ATs did not show a significant main effect on UG proposals. Eye-tracking data showed that participants focused more on the eyes of high-threat faces compared to low-threat faces.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These findings support the Emotion-as-Social-Information (EASI) model, suggesting that emotional expressions, particularly threatening ones, influence negotiation behavior. The study enhances understanding of how facial cues and individual differences in ATs affect cooperation and decision-making in social interactions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70461","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143793719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Treatment Delay and Prognostic Factors in Acute Myelitis of Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disease","authors":"Luyao Zhou,&nbsp;Ziyu Liao,&nbsp;Yingming Long,&nbsp;Zhibin Li,&nbsp;Wei Qiu,&nbsp;Zefeng Tan,&nbsp;Tingting Lu","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70472","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aims to investigate the relationship between treatment delay and poor prognosis in acute myelitis of Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD). Additionally, we seek to explore the related factors that contribute to poor prognosis, with the intention of providing more precise clinical guidance.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We retrospectively analyzed the acute myelitis attacks of NMOSD patients who were continuously followed up or referred to our hospital from January 2018 to September 2022. We further calculated the proportion of clinical score improvement: (acute-follow-up)/(acute-baseline); poor prognosis was assigned to 0%–33% improvement. The relationship between treatment delay and poor prognosis was evaluated with clustered Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis. A Generalized linear mixed model was used to analyze the related factors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study included a total of 144 episodes of myelitis attacks, of which 21.5% (31/144) resulted in poor prognosis. Based on the results of the clustered ROC analysis, it has been determined that treatment delay holds significant predictive value for poor prognosis (<i>p</i> = 0.001), with the optimal cut-off point being 15 days. The generalized linear mixed model revealed that factors contributing to poor prognosis in NMOSD myelitis include age (OR, 1.041; CI, 1.013–1.071; <i>p</i> = 0.004) and treatment delay (OR, 1.034; CI, 1.014–1.054; <i>p</i> = 0.001).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our results confirm the treatment delay and age as predictors of poor prognosis in acute myelitis of NMOSD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70472","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143793657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Normative Modeling Reveals Age-Atypical Cortical Thickness Differences Between Hepatic Steatosis and Fibrosis in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease","authors":"Minchul Kim,&nbsp;Inpyeong Hwang,&nbsp;Kyu Sung Choi,&nbsp;Junhyeok Lee,&nbsp;Minjung Ryu,&nbsp;Jung Hyun Park,&nbsp;Joon Ho Moon","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70466","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives:</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To investigate individual variations and outliers in cortical thickness among non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients, ranging from hepatic steatosis to fibrosis, using neuroanatomical normative modeling.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods:</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A cross-sectional study with 2637 health check-up subjects was conducted. Among NAFLD patients, hepatic steatosis (<i>n</i> = 556) and fibrosis (<i>n</i> = 57) were determined by hepatic steatosis index and fibrosis-4 score, respectively. Cortical thickness in 148 different brain regions was assessed using T1-weighted MRI scans. A publicly available neuroanatomical normative model analyzed cortical thickness distributions with data from around 58,000 participants. The hierarchical Bayesian regression was used to estimate cortical thickness deviation for each region, taking age, sex, and sites into account. On the basis of a normal adaptation set, <i>Z</i>-scores below −1.96 or above +1.96 per region were classified as outliers. The total outlier count (tOC) was then calculated to quantify regional heterogeneity. Mass univariate analysis was conducted to compare steatosis and fibrosis groups, and the spatial patterns of regional heterogeneity were qualitatively analyzed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results:</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Patients with hepatic fibrosis had a higher number of positive outlier regions (mean 6.3 ± 10.3) than hepatic steatosis (mean 4.2 ± 6.2, <i>p</i> = 0.02). Mass univariate group difference testing of 148 brain regions revealed patients with hepatic fibrosis had 6 cortical areas thicker than hepatic steatosis. Two groups showed shared regional heterogeneity in the temporal cortex.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion:</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Distinct brain atrophy patterns were observed in NAFLD patients compared to the normal group, with more frequent temporal cortex outliers in both hepatic steatosis and fibrosis. Hepatic fibrosis showed slightly increased cortical thickness relative to steatosis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70466","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143793656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging as a Readout of CLN5 Gene Therapy Efficacy in Sheep","authors":"Samantha J. Murray,&nbsp;Mustafa M. Almuqbel,&nbsp;Simon A. Felton,&nbsp;Nickolas J. Palmer,&nbsp;Ashley R. Deane,&nbsp;Daniel J. Myall,&nbsp;Reza Shoorangiz,&nbsp;Arsène Ella,&nbsp;Matthieu Keller,&nbsp;David N. Palmer,&nbsp;Tracy R. Melzer,&nbsp;Nadia L. Mitchell","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70431","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Purpose&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCL; Batten disease) are a group of rare inherited neurodegenerative disorders caused by mutations in one of 13 ceroid lipofuscinosis neuronal (&lt;i&gt;CLN&lt;/i&gt;) genes. The diseases share a common set of symptoms, including motor and cognitive dysfunction, progressive loss of vision, and seizure activity. A naturally occurring model of CLN5 NCL exists in New Zealand Borderdale sheep, which exhibit similar clinical disease and post-mortem pathology to the human disease. Recent trials of concurrent intracerebroventricular and intravitreal gene therapy in sheep with CLN5 disease confirmed the therapeutic efficacy of this approach. Given the documented natural history of brain volume changes, detected by MRI, in sheep with CLN5 disease, the current study sought to utilize MRI as both a longitudinal readout and cross-sectional measure of therapeutic efficacy in treated sheep.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Method&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Sheep treated at a pre-symptomatic timepoint underwent five T1-weighted structural MRI scans between 5 and 18 months of age. Sheep treated at early and advanced symptomatic disease stages underwent a single MRI at 18 months of age. All scans from treated sheep were compared to historical healthy control and affected untreated sheep at each age.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Finding&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Pre-symptomatic treated sheep showed growth in intracranial volume at a comparable rate to healthy control sheep over the course of the study. Whilst grey matter volume decreased and cerebrospinal fluid volume increased in treated sheep, this was to a much smaller degree than in untreated affected sheep. The majority of the cortical regions assessed showed stable volumes over the course of the study, with the notable exception of the cerebellum.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Both early and advanced symptomatic treated sheep showed intracranial volumes comparable to untreated affected sheep at 18 months of age. However, when individual tissue types were assessed, grey and white matter were significantly larger, and cerebrospinal fluid was significantly smaller in early symptomatic sheep compared to untreated affected sheep, while the same volumes in advanced symptomatic treated sheep were comparable to untreated affected sheep. Cortical regions assessed showed an age-at-treatment and dose effect.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;This study has demonstrated that MRI, a clinically relevant outcome measure, can be successfully utilized to assess therapeutic efficacy in a","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70431","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143770158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiplex Immunofluorescent Batch Labeling of Marmoset Brain Sections","authors":"Daryan Chitsaz,&nbsp;Christopher D. Rowley,&nbsp;Nonthué A. Uccelli,&nbsp;Sarah Lefebvre,&nbsp;Andrea I. Krahn,&nbsp;Wolfgang E. Reintsch,&nbsp;Thomas M. Durcan,&nbsp;Christine L. Tardif,&nbsp;Timothy E. Kennedy","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70308","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The common marmoset is a small nonhuman primate that has emerged as a valuable animal model in neuroscience research. Accurate analysis of brain tissue is crucial to understand marmoset neurophysiology and to model neurodegenerative diseases. Many studies to date have complemented magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with histochemical staining rather than immunofluorescent labeling, which can generate more informative and higher resolution images. There is a need for high-throughput immunolabeling and imaging methodologies to generate resources for the burgeoning marmoset field, particularly brain histology atlases to display the organization of different cell types and other structures.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods and Findings</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Here, we have characterized a set of marmoset-compatible fluorescent dyes and antibodies that label myelin, axons, dendrites, and the iron-storage protein ferritin, and developed a batch-style multiplex immunohistochemistry protocol to uniformly process large numbers of tissue slides for multiple cell-type specific markers.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We provide a practical guide for researchers interested in harnessing the potential of marmoset models to advance understanding of brain structure, function, and pathophysiology.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70308","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143770242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictive Validity of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 for Depression in Poststroke Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"Junya Chen,&nbsp;Mei Chan Chong,&nbsp;Hmwe Nant Thin Thin,&nbsp;Fen Xu,&nbsp;Xiao Dong,&nbsp;Xiaoxian Yang,&nbsp;Ruan Jia Yin,&nbsp;Huimin Hong","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70464","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), known for its brevity and ease of use, is employed by researchers and clinical practitioners for poststroke depression (PSD) screening. However, the effectiveness of the PHQ-9 in PSD screening remains to be further validated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Electronic searches were conducted in EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI, and Wanfang databases using keywords including stroke, depression, and PHQ-9. The assessment tool Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 was utilized to evaluate the risk of bias in diagnostic studies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 2049 articles were retrieved, with 9 meeting the inclusion criteria. The PHQ-9 demonstrated pooled sensitivity and specificity of 0.84 and 0.90, respectively, and a summary receiver operating characteristic (sROC) curve of 0.93. At the 10-cut-off value, pooled sensitivity, specificity, and sROC were 0.77, 0.85, and 0.86, respectively. At the 9-cut-off value, the sensitivity, specificity, and sROC were 0.87, 0.85, and 0.92, respectively. At the 5-cut-off value, sensitivity, specificity, and sROC are 0.90, 0.91, and 0.96, respectively. No publication bias was identified.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The PHQ-9 is an effective tool for screening poststroke depressive symptoms with significant clinical utility. However, further research is needed to establish optimal diagnostic thresholds.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70464","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143749768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Relationship Between Antipsychotic Drug Target Genes and Epilepsy: Evidence From Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System Database and Mendelian Randomization","authors":"Ziqian Yin,&nbsp;Zheng Zhan,&nbsp;Youjia Qiu,&nbsp;Menghan Wang,&nbsp;Jinglin Li,&nbsp;Bingyi Song,&nbsp;Zhouqing Chen,&nbsp;Jiang Wu,&nbsp;Zhong Wang","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70467","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The effect of antipsychotic drugs on epilepsy is controversial, and we performed Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) data mining and Mendelian Randomization (MR) analyses to clarify the effects of target genes on epilepsy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We explored antipsychotic-induced epilepsy AE signals in FAERS. Gene expression was obtained from the eQTLGen consortium and GTEx project. Epilepsy data were obtained from FinnGen and the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE). MR, Summary-data-based Mendelian Randomization (SMR), and colocalization analysis were sequentially performed, and meta-analysis was performed on genes with significant expression in MR or SMR to assess the causal relationship between them and epilepsy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Result</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Through FAERS database mining, 63 antipsychotics reported 5121 adverse events in epilepsy. MR identified potential causal associations of 14 drug target genes for epilepsy and its subtypes. MCHR1 and SIGMAR1 were still significant for epilepsy after meta-analysis with no evidence of heterogeneity or pleiotropy. SMR showed that DRD4 and ADRA1D were strongly associated with epilepsy or its subtypes however, neither gene passed the HEIDI test.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our study indicates that antipsychotic drugs are associated with a high incidence of epilepsy-related AEs. MR demonstrated a causal relationship between drug targets and epilepsy. Providing new insights for managing epilepsy patients with psychiatric disorders.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70467","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143749771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Default Mode Network and Visual Network Functional Connectivity Changes in Noise-Induced Hearing Loss Patients: A Resting-State fMRI Study","authors":"Wei Lian,&nbsp;Lei Zhang,&nbsp;Aijie Wang,&nbsp;Ranran Huang,&nbsp;Haijun Zhang,&nbsp;Xianghua Bao,&nbsp;GuoweiZ hang","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70465","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Hearing loss affects communication and hinders personal attention and cognitive ability. We hypothesized that noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) patients during long-term noise exposure may result in multimodal plastic changes in the nonauditory central nervous system.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To investigate the functional connectivity (FC) of the default mode network (DMN) and visual network (VN) in patients with occupational NIHL using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ninety-eight people with NIHL and 78 healthy controls (HCs) matched for age and educational level were enrolled. The mini–mental state examination (MMSE) was conducted, and rs-fMRI scanning was performed. The data were processed and analyzed to identify FC changes between DMN, VN, and the whole brain.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Compared with the HCs, the NIHL group showed significantly enhanced connectivity with multiple brain regions when utilizing the DMN as seed regions of interest (ROI), with only some brain regions showing significantly decreased connectivity. When the VN was used as the seed ROI, the NIHL group showed significantly enhanced connectivity with multiple brain regions (corrected by GRF, <i>p </i>&lt; 0.05). In the present study, the FC between multiple brain areas of VN and DMN in the NIHL patient group was enhanced compared to the normal population. The phenomenon of “perceptual compensation” is confirmed. The results of this study suggest that NIHL causes various changes in brain function related to emotion, decision-making, social cognition, and psychopathology. It suggests that changes in brain functional networks involve complex processes involving plasticity and damage to multiple networks.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The NIHL patients showed abnormal FC changes in both the DMN and VN, indicating widespread multimodal plasticity and reorganization of nonauditory central nervous system functions in people with NIHL.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70465","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143749770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Compulsive Exercise and Changes in Physical Activity Among Females: A Longitudinal Analysis During the First 12 Months of the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Hannah J. White,&nbsp;Chris J. McLeod,&nbsp;Emma Haycraft,&nbsp;Carolyn R. Plateau,&nbsp;Clare E. Holley,&nbsp;Gemma L. Witcomb","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70456","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study had two aims; first to explore changes in compulsive exercise among adult females across the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, and second, to explore how changes to physical activity early in the pandemic impacted compulsive exercise.</p><p>Participants were 174 adult females who completed online surveys four times (T1–T4) during the first 12 months of the pandemic. Participants reported changes in physical activity (T1) and completed the compulsive exercise test (CET) at each time point (T1–T4).</p><p>Mixed ANOVAs with time (T1–T4) and group (did versus did not report changes in physical activity) as factors revealed that compulsive exercise significantly differed across timepoints for the whole sample. Furthermore, females who reported that their physical activity levels had changed early in the pandemic reported higher levels of CET Weight Control Exercise compared to those who reported no change. No significant interactions were found.</p><p>Among this sample of adult females, attitudes towards exercise changed during the first year of the pandemic, which may reflect the impact of varying lockdown restrictions. Additionally, changes to physical activity early in the pandemic were linked with exercising to control body weight. This suggests that externally influenced changes in physical activity may be an influential factor in the development of compulsive exercise. This may have implications for understanding and managing risk in a range of transition situations that impact upon physical activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70456","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143749758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Suicidal Ideation in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis and Its Association With Clinical and Demographic Characteristics","authors":"Elham Bazmi,&nbsp;Amir Hossein Behnoush,&nbsp;Sharareh Eskandarieh,&nbsp;Abdorreza Naser Moghadasi,&nbsp;Samira Navardi,&nbsp;Saeideh Ayoubi,&nbsp;Behnam Behnoush,&nbsp;Mehdi Forouzesh,&nbsp;Mohammad Ali Sahraian","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70458","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Chronic neurological diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS) are important risk factors for some psychological disorders, such as depression and consequently suicidal behavior. As suicidal ideation (SI) is one of the important factors in predicting suicide attempts and suicide deaths, the recognition of factors related to the occurrence of SI in patients with MS has high value.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aims to assess the association between sociodemographic, psychological, and disease characteristics with SI in patients with MS.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A sample of 400 subjects with MS was selected from a referral outpatient MS clinic in Tehran, Iran (2024). Participants completed a personal information questionnaire, the patient health questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), the hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS), and the beck scale for suicidal ideation (BSSI). Logistic regression models (univariate and multivariate) were conducted to determine the association between each variable and SI using odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Finally, the correlation between depression, anxiety, and the SI scale was measured by bivariate Pearson correlation analyses.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The sample consisted of 77% women, and the mean age was 36.91 years. Among them, 149 (37.2%) of cases were identified with suicidal ideation at some period in life. Findings in the multivariate regression model represented that an increase in age had a significant protective effect on SI (adjusted OR [AOR] 0.95, 95% CI 0.92 to 0.98, <i>p</i> = 0.003). Moreover, the history of previous suicide attempts doubled the odds of SI (AOR 2.18, 95% CI 1.05 to 4.54, P = 0.038). Finally, both depression score (measured by PHQ-9) and anxiety score (measured by HADS) had significant associations with SI.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>People with MS are highly prone to suicidal thoughts and even suicide attempts; this should not be ignored in routine clinical visits due to other physical complaints. They need to be discussed with patients, and effective psychiatric interventions should be applied to reduce the risks.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70458","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143749759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}