Brain and Behavior最新文献

{"title":"Electroencephalographic Resting-State Microstates are Unstable in Visual Snow Syndrome","authors":"Sarah A. Aeschlimann,&nbsp;Antonia Klein,&nbsp;Frédéric Zubler,&nbsp;Christoph J. Schankin,&nbsp;Matthias Ertl","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70374","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To study large-scale network processing in visual snow syndrome (VSS) with and without migraine, we applied resting-state electroencephalographic microstate analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>VSS is characterized by a spectrum of visual symptoms, with the main symptom being perceived as flickering dots throughout the visual field. The syndrome is associated with migraine and tinnitus and is considered a network disorder, but the cause and pathophysiology are still largely unknown.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this case–control study, resting-state electroencephalography (EEG) recordings were selected from a cohort of 21 subjects with VSS (8 females, 33 ± 9.56 years, 14 migraines) and 21 matched controls (8 females, 33 ± 11.1 years, 14 migraines). An analysis of parameters between the four canonical microstate Classes A–D was performed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>VSS patients showed an overall shorter duration (<i>p</i> = 0.001, Cohen's <i>d</i> = −0.48) and lower mean amplitude (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001, Cohen's <i>d</i> = −0.76) of microstates compared to the controls. In addition, we found an aberrant syntax of microstate Class A (auditive and visual processing) with more (<i>p</i> = 0.001, Cohen's <i>d</i> = 0.57) transitions to Class B (visual) and less (<i>p</i> = 0.011, <i>d</i> = −0.71) to Class C (interoceptive, salience) compared to controls.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Visual snow syndrome (VSS) is a complex disorder, affecting widespread neural network activity. In VSS, electroencephalography (EEG) microstate analysis revealed unstable microstates as well as aberrant transition probabilities, indicating disturbed large-scale network activity. The analysis of microstate dynamics in VSS complements the results of imaging with high temporal resolution and could contribute to the development of future treatment approaches.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70374","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143612442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pan-Immune-Inflammation Value Predicts 3-Month Functional Outcomes in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke Treated With Mechanical Thrombectomy","authors":"Meltem Karacan Gölen,&nbsp;Keziban Uçar Karabulut,&nbsp;Muhammed Kamiloğlu,&nbsp;Aynur Yonar","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70397","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The inflammatory response plays a central role in the clinical outcomes of cerebrovascular disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical significance of pan-immune-inflammation value (PIV) in patients with acute ischemic stroke after mechanical thrombectomy (MT).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study included 201 patients who underwent MT. Blood samples taken from the patients before the procedure were evaluated and inflammation markers were calculated. Severity of stroke was assessed using the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores on admission. Poor 3-month functional outcome was defined as Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores of &gt;2. Ischemic stroke types were classified according to the Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) classification</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In the logistic regression analysis, we observed that PIV was associated with a poor outcome. Post hoc multiple comparison tests revealed statistically significant differences in PIV between the stroke of other determined etiology and small-vessel occlusion (178.00 vs. 74.89, <i>p</i> = 0.015 and <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05, respectively), large artery atherosclerosis (178.00 vs. 95.51, <i>p</i> = 0.032 and <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05, respectively), and cardioembolism (178.00 vs.107.97, <i>p</i> = 0.043 and <i>p </i>&lt; 0.05) subtypes. There was a moderate positive statistically significant relationship at the 95% confidence level between NIHSS score and PIV (<i>r</i> = 0.696, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our study revealed that PIV predicts a poor 3-month prognosis in acute ischemic cerebrovascular disease after MT with a significantly better performance than the widely known systemic immune-inflammation index, systemic inflammation response index, platelet/lymphocyte ratio, and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio. PIV can be a novel prognostic marker indicating poor prognosis in patients treated with MT.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70397","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143612450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resveratrol Alleviates the Prenatally Intermittent Hypoxia-Induced Cognitive Impairment in Male Offspring Mice Through Modulating the SIRT1/HIF-1α Pathway","authors":"Xun He,&nbsp;Ziwei Cao,&nbsp;Xinyi Chen,&nbsp;Jie Hu,&nbsp;Jiaxuan Li,&nbsp;Xinhui Jia,&nbsp;Juncang Wu,&nbsp;Xuechun Liu","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70413","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Growing evidence indicate that prenatal intermittent hypoxia (PIH) exposure can have an impact on the critical brain nerve development of the fetus, resulting in cognitive deficits in the offspring mice. Resveratrol, recognized for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant capabilities, has potential to ameliorate synaptic dysfunction, which in turn may contribute to its positive influence on cognitive impairment. Nevertheless, the precise manner in which resveratrol mitigates cognitive deficits stemming from maternal hypoxia remains to be fully elucidated, including the specific mechanisms at play.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Pregnant C57BL/6J mice were exposed to intermittent hypoxia using the ProOx-100 animal hypoxia control system during late pregnancy for 7 consecutive days. Resveratrol treatment at 40 mg/kg dosage was given to the subjects between postnatal Days 60 and 88. Morris water maze test was utilized to assess the cognitive capabilities of the male offspring mice. ELISA was employed to measure the concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines within the hippocampal region of the mature offspring mice. The expression levels of the regulatory proteins SIRT1 and HIF-1α, along with the synaptic plasticity markers SYP, Arc, GAP-43, and PSD-95 were measured by employing western blotting and RT-qPCR.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In male offspring subjected to PIH, there was a marked decline in learning and memory capabilities, accompanied by increased levels of IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α within the hippocampal region. Administration of resveratrol notably ameliorated the cognitive deficits observed in these offspring and mitigated the heightened levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, exposure to PIH was associated with a reduction in the expression of key proteins such as SIRT1, HIF-1α, Arc, GAP-43, PSD-95, and SYP within the hippocampal region, which were subsequently normalized following resveratrol intervention.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The findings from our study indicate that resveratrol potently alleviates learning and memory impairments, the inflammatory response, and impairments in synaptic plasticity, which are induced by maternal intermittent hypoxia, by modulating the SIRT1/HIF-1α signaling pathway.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70413","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143612495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breast Cancer and Meningioma Risk: A Mendelian Randomization Study","authors":"Jian-Wei Huang,&nbsp;Yi-Fei Wang,&nbsp;Ying-Qing Hu,&nbsp;Hai-Yong He,&nbsp;Shuang-Qi Gao,&nbsp;Ying Guo","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70422","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The exact nature of the link between breast cancer and meningiomas is unknown, although observational studies have shown a correlation between the two. Using a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) strategy, we aimed to investigate the effect of breast cancer on meningiomas.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Three sets of genetic instruments were utilized in this study based on publicly available genetic summary data. For breast cancer, we selected 62 strongly associated SNPs; separate datasets were curated for HER2-positive and HER2-negative subtypes. MR analyses included outlier testing, MR-Egger regression, MR-PRESSO, weighted median, and inverse variance weighted approaches.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The inverse variance weighted analysis demonstrated significant evidence for breast cancer's effect on meningioma risk (OR = 1.213, 95% CI = 1.054–1.396, <i>p</i> = 0.007), supported by MR-Egger (OR = 1.456, 95% CI = 1.066–1.988, <i>p</i> = 0.021) though not by the weighted median method (OR = 1.095, 95% CI = 0.914–1.311, <i>p</i> = 0.326). Inverse variance weighting specifically revealed a significant association between HER2-positive breast cancer and meningioma incidence (OR = 1.203, 95% CI = 1.048–1.381, <i>p</i> = 0.009). Furthermore, breast cancer risk was associated with an increased incidence of malignant meningiomas (OR = 1.64, 95% CI = 1.12–2.40, <i>p</i> = 0.011).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This represents the first MR study investigating the causal relationship between breast cancer and meningiomas. Our findings support the hypothesis that breast cancer may increase meningioma risk.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70422","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143612453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the Rehabilitation Needs of Stroke Patients in China: A Trend Analysis From 1990 to 2019","authors":"Peng Zhao,&nbsp;Huaxia Sun","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70389","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Stroke remains a leading cause of death and long-term disability in China. Rehabilitation is known to be an effective intervention for reducing disability among stroke survivors. This study seeks to quantify the rehabilitation needs of stroke patients in China by analyzing prevalence and years lived with disability (YLDs).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To assess rehabilitation needs, we first estimated the prevalence and YLDs among stroke patients in China using data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. The WHO Rehabilitation Need Estimator was then applied to these estimates to derive the rehabilitation requirements.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our study reveals a substantial need for stroke rehabilitation services in China in 2019. An estimated 25.0 million stroke patients (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 22.0–28.0) could benefit from these services, accounting for 6.1 million years lived with disability (YLDs) [4.3–7.8]. This burden is disproportionately distributed between genders, with males experiencing 11.0 [9.5–12.0] million prevalent cases and 2.5 [1.8–3.2] million YLDs, compared to females with 14.0 [12.0–16.0] million cases and 3.6 [2.5–4.8] million YLDs. Worryingly, the age-standardized prevalence of stroke in China has increased by 15.2% since 1990, rising from 11.2 per 1000 (95UI, 10.1–12.5) to 12.9 per 1000 (95UI, 11.5–14.4). Similarly, the age-standardized YLD rate has grown by 15.8%, from 2.72 per 1000 (95UI, 1.94–3.49) to 3.15 per 1000 (95UI, 2.21–4.48). This upward trend in China contrasts sharply with the global picture, where age-standardized prevalence and YLD rates have decreased by 6.2% and 4.8%, respectively.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These findings demonstrate a critical need for expanded access to rehabilitation services within China's stroke care system. To enhance patient outcomes and address this growing need, increased investment in stroke rehabilitation infrastructure, training, and research is essential.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70389","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143602619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abnormal Functional Network Centrality and Causal Connectivity in Migraine Without Aura: A Resting-State fMRI Study","authors":"Di Zhang,&nbsp;Liyan Lu,&nbsp;Xiaobin Huang,&nbsp;Xiaojing Zhao,&nbsp;Yamei Zhang,&nbsp;Tong Fu,&nbsp;Fengfang Li,&nbsp;Xinying Wu","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70414","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The pathophysiological mechanism of migraine is still not clear. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the changes in effective connectivity (EC) in the brain functional network underlying migraine and its association with clinical measures of migraine.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fifty patients with episodic migraine without aura (MwoA) and 48 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled in this study. Spontaneous activity in the brain was evaluated using the degree centrality (DC) method, and the brain regions with obvious signal differences between the two groups were taken as seed points for whole brain Granger causality analysis (GCA) analysis. The values of the brain regions with differences in DC and GCA were extracted and correlated with clinical measures of migraine.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Compared to the HCs, the MwoA patients showed decreased DC in the left inferior temporal gyrus (ITG) and increased DC in the right precuneus and exhibited significantly decreased EC from the left ITG to the left inferior parietal gyrus and right inferior occipital gyrus (IOG) as well as significantly increased EC from the left postcentral gyrus and left cerebellum posterior lobe to the left ITG. Moreover, decreased EC from the left thalamus to the right precuneus was found in the MwoA patients compared to the HCs. The DC values in the right precuneus were significantly negatively correlated with the duration of headache. Additionally, we found a significantly positive correlation between the Migraine Disability Assessment questionnaire score and the EC from the left ITG to the right IOG, as well as between the intensity of headache and the EC from the left thalamus to the right precuneus.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study found changes in the EC of the brain functional network underlying migraine and their associations with migraine-related parameters. These findings are helpful for understanding the pathophysiological mechanism in migraine patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70414","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143602623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytochemical, In Silico, In Vitro, and In Vivo Research on Piptadeniastrum africanum (Fabaceae) Unveiling Anti-Stereotypic, Anxiolytic, and Analgesic Effects in a Sodium Valproate-Induced Autistic Disorders Model","authors":"Ambani Omgba Jeanne Julie,&nbsp;Ngouateu Omer Bébé,&nbsp;Mengue Ngadena Yolande Sandrine,&nbsp;Owona Pascal Emmanuel,&nbsp;Kandeda Kavaye Antoine,&nbsp;Ambamba Akamba Bruno Dupon,&nbsp;Nongni Piebeng Quentin Cicilien,&nbsp;Ngang Nguema Franck Emmanuel,&nbsp;Ngondi Judith Laure,&nbsp;Bilanda Danielle Claude,&nbsp;Dzeufiet Djomeni Paul Désiré","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70408","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Objective&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Individuals with autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) primarily exhibit deficits in communication and social interaction, along with repetitive behaviors and restricted interests. This disorder is often associated with anxiety, nociceptive disorders, and pain. While medical treatment generally focuses on treating the symptoms rather than addressing the underlying causes, traditional medicine is sometimes used as an alternative. &lt;i&gt;Piptadeniastrum africanum&lt;/i&gt; is used in Cameroonian medicinal folks to treat cognitive disorders. However, its effects and mechanisms of action regarding the inhibition of ASD-like symptoms remain unclear. The primary goal of the present study was to evaluate the anxiolytic and analgesic effects of the water extract of &lt;i&gt;P. africanum&lt;/i&gt; on autistic triad induced in rats by sodium valproate.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Material and Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The study investigated the secondary metabolites in &lt;i&gt;P. africanum&lt;/i&gt; extract using UHPLC-MS. DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP tests were performed to assess the extract's ability to neutralize free radicals. Molecular docking was utilized to evaluate the extract's binding to various receptors. For the experimental study, 33 pregnant female rats were divided into two groups after pregnancy was confirmed. One group was given distilled water orally at 10 mL/kg, while the other group received sodium valproate at 800 mg/kg on gestation days 11, 12, and 13. When the male offspring reached 3 weeks old, they were evaluated for anxiety, social interaction, and pain sensitivity, with those displaying any disorders selected for further study. The remaining rats were split into six groups of five and treated with either a vehicle, bumetanide, or &lt;i&gt;P. africanum&lt;/i&gt; extract at 190 and 760 mg/kg. Behavioral assessments focusing on sociability, anxiety, and pain sensitivity were conducted on days 28 and 37 after weaning. In the end, biochemical markers related to GABA metabolism, serotonin levels, and oxidative status were analyzed in the cerebellum, prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and amygdala alongside histopathological analyses in the brain.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;UHPLC-MS allows us to identify several compounds. They bind to H3R (7F61) and HDAC2 through conventional hydrogen bonding. Findings showed that prenatal administration of sodium valproate induced in male offspring a deficit in social interaction (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001), anxiety disorders (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001), hypersensitivity to pain (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001), increased GABA and serotonin concentration (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001), disturbed oxidative status (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001), and neur","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70408","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143602621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcutaneous Vagus Nerve Stimulation Effects on Flavor-Evoked Electroencephalogram and Eye-Blink Rate","authors":"Samet Albayrak,&nbsp;Berfin Aydin,&nbsp;Gizem Özen,&nbsp;Faruk Yalçin,&nbsp;Merve Balık,&nbsp;Hüseyin Yanık,&nbsp;Burcu A. Urgen,&nbsp;Maria Geraldine Veldhuizen","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70355","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Chemosensory food signals are carried by the vagus nerve (VN) from the gut to the brain and these signals contribute to communicating fullness and caloric value of the consumed food in regulatory and reward-related contexts. Here, we aimed to explore whether neural responses to flavor can be modulated through noninvasive VN stimulation, which can be done transcutaneously (transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation [tVNS]) on the outer ear via the auricular branch of VN. The ideal stimulation location on the outer ear for tVNS is not agreed on but two candidate locations are cymba conchae and tragus.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this study, we explore the optimal stimulation location for tVNS (cymba conchae, tragus, and cymba conchae and tragus) and timing of tVNS relative to chocolate milk presentation (during, after) in a within-participants design (15 participants). We examined various measures of efficacy; event-related potential from electroencephalogram, eye-blink rate, perceptual and hedonic aspects of flavor, swallowing behavior, and consumption behavior.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We observed no effect of stimulation location on any of the dependent variables. Unexpectedly, we observed a large effect of food consumption on spontaneous eye-blink rate.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In conclusion, overall we did not observe a clear optimal ear location for tVNS-induced modulation of neurophysiological, perceptual, and behavioral variables. Future studies may confirm whether spontaneous eye-blink rate can be a sensitive proxy for food reward-related phasic dopamine shifts.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70355","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143602801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Risk Factors in Patients With Chronic Daily Headache and Medication-Overuse Headache","authors":"Gülcan Taşçatan,&nbsp;Hüseyin Tuğrul Atasoy,&nbsp;Esra Acıman Demirel,&nbsp;Vildan Çakır Kardeş,&nbsp;Mustafa Açıkgöz,&nbsp;Ulufer Çelebi,&nbsp;Bilge Piri Çınar,&nbsp;Bilgehan Açıkgöz,&nbsp;Aynur Özge","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70407","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The aim of this study is to compare the quality of life, daily physical activity level and perception of illness in patients with chronic daily headache, medication-overuse headache, episodic migraine, and episodic tension-type headache across disease subgroups with respect to possible risk factors such as alcohol/caffeine/nicotine use, eating attitude, which may trigger chronic headache and medication overuse.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>VAS, International Physical Activity Questionnaire (Short) forms, SF-36 Quality of Life Scale, Illness Perception Questionnaire, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory, Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire, Eating Attitude Test, SCID-I were applied to the patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Disease type mean score and psychological causes mean score were found to be the highest in the chronic tension type headache (CTTH) group among tension type headache (TTH) subgroups. Among the subgroups of migraine patients, the mean score of risk-related causes was found to be the highest in chronic migraine with medication overuse (MOH-M). The mean score of psychological causes was found to be significantly higher in patients with CTTH with medication overuse (TTH-MOH) compared to patients with MOH-M. Worsening of body pain was significant in CDH-M and MOH-M, whereas worsening in physical role difficulty, emotional well-being, general health perception was significant in CTTH and TTH-MOH.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In the TTH group, BMI was found to be statistically significantly higher compared to the migraine group. Similarly, in the TTH-MOH group, BMI was higher than in the MOH-M group. This finding suggests that the relationship between TTH and obesity warrants further attention. Our study also showed that patients with TTH-MOH experience greater difficulties in daily life and work compared to those in the MOH-M group. Additionally, TTH-MOH patients are more likely to attribute the cause of their current headaches to psychogenic factors, in comparison to MOH-M patients. Findings suggest that psychosocial factors have a greater influence on the chronicity of the disease and the emergence of medication overuse in the TTH group compared to the migraine group.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70407","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143602620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimal Timing of Exercise for Enhanced Learning and Memory: Insights From CA1 and CA3 Regions in Traumatic Brain Injury Model in Male Rats","authors":"Forouzan Rafie,&nbsp;Sedigheh Amiresmaili,&nbsp;Mohammad Amin Rajizadeh,&nbsp;Mohammad Pourranjbar,&nbsp;Elham Jafari,&nbsp;Mohammad Khaksari,&nbsp;Sara Shirazpour,&nbsp;Omid Moradnejad,&nbsp;Amir Hossein Nekouei","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70354","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Evidence suggests that exercise timing is crucial in reducing the impact of traumatic brain injury (TBI). The present study explores the effects of delayed and early exercise on brain damage, cognitive dysfunction, and anxiety behavior using an experimental TBI model.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We randomly assigned 36 male rats to six groups: control (sham, TBI), treadmill exercise (24hA, 1-month exercise 24 h after TBI), 1WA (1-month exercise 1 week after TBI), 1MB (1-month exercise before TBI), and 1MBA (1-month exercise before and after TBI).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>TBI caused significant impairments in cognitive and anxiety behaviors, as well as increased brain edema (<i>p </i>&lt; 0.05). The exercise groups showed significant improvement in the following order for cognitive impairments: 1MBA &gt; 24hA &gt; 1WA &gt; 1MB. Compared to the 1WA group, exercise starting 24 h after TBI (24hA) significantly improved all variables except anxiety behavior. Exercise 1MBA was significantly more effective than other groups (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) in reducing cognitive problems, anxious behavior, and brain damage.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Regular exercise or a consistent exercise routine before TBI, such as in athletes, may provide the most benefits from exercise intervention after the TBI. Starting exercise soon after the TBI (within 24 h) may help protect against brain edema and improve learning and memory by reducing cell death in specific brain regions (CA1 and CA3) and also decreasing TNF-α and MDA compared to starting exercise later (1 week after).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70354","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143602477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}