Brain and Behavior最新文献

{"title":"From Being Moved to Being Still: Kama Muta Reduces Postural Sway Velocity","authors":"Maria Meisel,&nbsp;Philipp Hofmann,&nbsp;Petra Jansen","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70897","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.70897","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Grounded in embodiment theory, this exploratory study examines whether kama muta (as being moved/touched) elicits measurable changes in postural sway (subtle body movement even during stillness) reflecting an emotional–motor connection.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data were collected from 87 university students (aged 18–43 years, <i>M</i> = 22.22, <i>SD</i> = 3.20). Participants viewed six video clips (kama muta and neutral condition) while standing on a force plate that recorded their postural sway. After each video, participants rated their feelings of being moved on a 5-point Likert scale.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Kama muta was associated with a significant reduction in sway velocity compared to the neutral condition (<i>p</i> = 0.003), with no significant differences in mean amplitude (<i>p</i> = 0.31). Sway velocity and amplitude decreased significantly in the second half of the kama muta condition (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), indicating intensification of the emotional effect. No significant correlations emerged between self-reported emotional ratings and sway metrics (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Findings indicate a possible stabilizing effect of kama muta on postural control, promoting physical grounding during emotional experiences. While the homogeneous sample limits generalizability, these results enhance our understanding of emotional embodiment and suggest potential applications for fostering emotional and social connection. Future research should explore these mechanisms by including comprehensive emotion assessments and additional measures to identify muscular activation patterns.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70897","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145130043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bibliometric Mapping of Research Trends and Hotspots of Microglia in Spinal Cord Injury (2000–2024)","authors":"Ziming Cai,&nbsp;Gongpeng Xiong,&nbsp;Jintao Wu,&nbsp;Hanjun Zhang,&nbsp;Jian Huang,&nbsp;Qinghe Yu,&nbsp;Wenping Lin","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70881","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.70881","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Introduction&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Spinal cord injury (SCI), acknowledged as the most severe complication arising from spinal trauma, pertains to the dysfunction of the spinal cord due to traumatic events or other pathological conditions. Extensive research has elucidated a substantial correlation between SCI and inflammatory processes, highlighting the critical involvement of microglia in orchestrating neuroinflammatory responses. Moreover, a growing body of evidence has demonstrated a strong connection between microglial activation and both the pathogenesis and progression of SCI.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Objective&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;We chose bibliometric analysis to comprehensively summarize the research progress of microglia in SCI, aiming to provide researchers with current trends and future research directions.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;All articles and reviews addressing microglia in SCI were systematically retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection database, spanning publications from 2000 to 2024. Subsequent bibliometric analysis was conducted utilizing four analytical tools: VOSviewer (version 1.6.20), R software (package bibliometrix), the Biblioshiny web interface, and CiteSpace (version 6.2.R4), ensuring comprehensive examination of publication patterns and research trends.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;A total of 2428 publications were ultimately included in this bibliometric analysis. The annual publication count demonstrated a consistent upward trajectory. China is the country with the most published articles, and Ohio State University ranks first in institutional publications. &lt;i&gt;Experimental Neurology&lt;/i&gt; is the journal with the most published articles, while &lt;i&gt;Journal of Neuroscience&lt;/i&gt; is the journal with the most cited articles. Popovich Pg is the author with the highest productivity and co-citation. Cluster analysis yielded a total of 15 different co-citation clusters. Time analysis shows explosive citation outbreaks in 2006, 2009, and 2011. Keyword analysis revealed inflammation, expression, activation, and central nervous system as the most frequently occurring terms. Recent keyword trends feature emerging terms like exosomes, extracellular vesicles, and nanoparticles. Keyword bursts revealed promotes, extracellular vesicle, recovery, neuroinflammation, therapy, polarization, and pathway are the hotspots of research at the present stage and are likely to continue. These findings provide critical insights for developing microglia-targeted therapeutic strategies and prioritizing re","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12455019/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145124266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association Between Cumulative Atherogenic Index of Plasma and New-Onset Stroke Among Middle-Aged and Elderly Chinese Patients With Stages 0–3 Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome: A Longitudinal Cohort Study","authors":"Miao Sun,&nbsp;Qingyu Yang,&nbsp;Ruonan Zhang,&nbsp;Xiaolin Zhang,&nbsp;Lisi Xu,&nbsp;Pengyu Pan","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70914","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.70914","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome represents the interaction among chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic disorders. However, the association between the cumulative atherogenic index of plasma (CumAIP) and the risk of incident stroke in individuals with CKM syndrome has not been fully established.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data were obtained from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). A total of 4674 participants were categorized into quartiles according to CumAIP values and further stratified by CKM syndrome stages (0–3). Multivariable Cox regression models were applied to examine the relationship between CumAIP and incident stroke, while restricted cubic spline (RCS) models were used to explore potential nonlinear associations. Subgroup analyses evaluated possible effect modifications by age, sex, smoking, alcohol consumption, hypertension, and diabetes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Over the follow-up period, 261 (5.6%) incident strokes were documented, with incidence increasing from 2.5% in CKM stages 0 and 1 to 6.3% in stages 2 and 3. After adjusting for potential confounders, each unit increase in CumAIP was associated with a 149% higher risk of incident stroke (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.49, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.69–3.65). Participants in the highest CumAIP quartile showed a 144% higher risk compared with those in the lowest quartile (HR = 2.44, 95% CI: 1.61–3.70). RCS analysis suggested a linear association (<i>p</i> for nonlinearity = 0.182).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Higher CumAIP is significantly associated with increased risk of incident stroke, particularly among individuals with advanced CKM stages and high-risk subgroups, including older adults, smokers, and those with diabetes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70914","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145130025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictors of Neurotoxicity in a Large Cohort of Italian Patients Undergoing Anti-CD19 Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-Cell Therapy","authors":"Anna Modoni,&nbsp;Catello Vollono,&nbsp;Eugenio Galli,&nbsp;Luca Capriati,&nbsp;Federica Sorà,&nbsp;Stefan Hohaus,&nbsp;Serenella Servidei,&nbsp;Nicola Piccirillo,&nbsp;Paolo Calabresi,&nbsp;Simona Sica","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70891","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.70891","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is an innovative and effective treatment for patients with B-cell hematological malignancies. Despite its high efficacy, it has been associated with the development of acute toxicities that can be severe or even fatal. Indeed, cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) can induce significant morbidity and require close monitoring. Identification of clinical and laboratory markers able to predict the occurrence of ICANS may allow prompt recognition and more effective management strategies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Here, we report a retrospective study on a cohort of 81 Italian adult patients treated in our hospital between September 2019 and April 2024. We reviewed all clinical, demographic, laboratory, and neurophysiological data in order to identify potential predictors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The results of the multivariate analysis confirmed that ICANS typically occurred less frequently in younger patients, especially when treated with 41BB co-stimulated CAR-T. Baseline EEG abnormalities are confirmed to be a fundamental predictor of neurotoxicity. Interestingly, we identified GammaGT as a new, statistically significant marker of ICANS. This represents a novel finding, probably related to the important role of GammaGT also in neuroinflammation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our results need to be confirmed in a larger cohort of patients in order to eventually be integrated into current clinical practice and management of patients undergoing CAR-T.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12455013/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145124297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Link Between Inflammatory Biomarkers (SII, SIRI, PLR, NLR, LMR) and Migraine in Young and Early Middle-Aged US Adults: Evidence From NHANES 1999–2004 and Machine Learning Models","authors":"Guodong Ha,&nbsp;Zixuan Yan,&nbsp;Jiawei Wu,&nbsp;Xun Wang,&nbsp;Jing Hu,&nbsp;Lincheng Duan,&nbsp;Zhengyu Zhao,&nbsp;Dingjun Cai","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70886","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Migraines are a prevalent neurological condition that significantly impacts quality of life, but the underlying pathophysiology remains unclear. This study aims to explore the relationship between inflammatory biomarkers and migraine prevalence in young and early middle-aged Americans. The inflammatory biomarkers considered include the Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII), Systemic Inflammatory Response Index (SIRI), Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR), Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), and Lymphocyte-to-Monocyte Ratio (LMR).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999–2004 were utilized for this investigation. Subgroup analysis, smooth curve fitting, and multivariable logistic regression were employed to evaluate associations. Boruta's algorithm, alongside nine machine learning models, was applied to identify key features. SHapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) values were used to interpret the leading models and highlight influential features.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study revealed no significant differences in SII, SIRI, NLR, or PLR between individuals with and without migraines. However, a significantly higher LMR was observed in individuals with migraines (mean difference: 0.37, <i>p </i>&lt; 0.001). Multivariable logistic regression analysis demonstrated a strong positive correlation between LMR and migraine risk across multiple models (OR = 1.51, 95% CI: 1.14–2.00, <i>p </i>= 0.009). No significant associations were found for the other inflammatory biomarkers. Subgroup analyses further confirmed that the positive correlation between LMR and migraine risk remained consistent across different strata. Threshold effect analysis revealed a stable linear relationship between LMR and migraine risk up to a value of 1.61. Among the nine machine learning models, the LightGBM model exhibited the highest AUROC (0.9198), recall (93.3%), <i>F</i>1-score (0.896), and MCC (0.702).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>LMR may serve as a potential biomarker for assessing migraine risk, offering support for early diagnosis and personalized intervention strategies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70886","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145110890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A GI-Interoceptive Threat Theory of Restrictive Eating: Insights From Active Inference and Chronic Pain","authors":"Laura Case","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70892","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70892","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Restrictive eating is a common eating disorder (ED) behavior and risk factor. Disturbed body image is also highly associated with the development and maintenance of eating disorders. Yet body image often remains distorted after treatment, and there is little scientific understanding of the mechanisms by which restrictive eating and distorted body image are linked. In parallel, current models of chronic pain describe how fear and negative beliefs about pain lead to avoidance of painful sensations and a threatened response to their occurrence, entrenching a cycle of amplified pain that risks becoming chronic. These models are informed by theories of active inference, which describe how the brain actively shapes sensory experience to reduce prediction errors (discrepancy between predictions and sensory data). This understanding has led to significant advances in the treatment of chronic pain.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Theories of active inference and central sensitization in chronic pain and ED research on fear of fatness and gastrointestinal (GI) interoception were reviewed and integrated to propose a theoretical model of sensitization of GI sensations in EDs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results:</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Through the lens of active inference, I propose a hypothesis-generating framework that a fatphobic culture confers beliefs that fatness is bad, driving avoidance. Through dieting—an attempt to avoid fatness—interoceptive sensations of fullness/distention come to signify fatness and are thus construed as threatening. Similar to chronic pain, these sensations become amplified and persistent, distorting body image and entrenching restrictive eating patterns. This framework leads to novel proposals for research and treatment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Significant theoretical advances may be afforded by considering EDs through models of central sensitization and active inference in chronic pain. I propose mechanistic links between interoception, distorted body image, and restrictive eating, and discuss implications and future directions for research and treatment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70892","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145110891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Combined Effect of Visual Stimulus Complexity and Semantic Content on Audiovisual Associative Equivalence Learning","authors":"Kálmán Tót,&nbsp;Noémi Harcsa-Pintér,&nbsp;Adél Papp,&nbsp;Balázs Bodosi,&nbsp;Attila Nagy,&nbsp;Gabriella Eördegh","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70902","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Rutgers Acquired Equivalence Test (RAET) is an associative learning task that requires participants to learn pairs of visual stimuli and then recall and generalize these associations. To further explore this cognitive task, we developed three audiovisual learning tests with the same structure as the original RAET.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Each audiovisual test applied the same four distinct auditory antecedents but differed in visual consequents in complexity and semantic content, that is, cartoon faces (SoundFace), colored fish (SoundFish), and geometric shapes (SoundPolygon), respectively. The present study investigated the effect of these different visual stimuli on performance in audiovisual associative equivalence learning. Learning performance was assessed across three phases: acquisition, retrieval, and generalization. A total of 52 participants (25 females, 27 males, mean age = 25.88 ± 10.28 years) completed the tasks. Statistical analyses, including Friedman's ANOVA and Wilcoxon matched-pairs tests with Bonferroni correction, were applied to evaluate differences in performance across the tests.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Participants consistently performed significantly (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01) better and responded faster in learning, retrieval, and generalization phases of the SoundFace test compared to the SoundFish and SoundPolygon tests, which did not significantly differ from each other. Additionally, a semantic association task confirmed that face and fish stimuli were significantly (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01) richer in semantic content than polygons, yet only face stimuli significantly facilitated audiovisual learning outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These results suggest that the semantic content of visual stimuli—which could influence their verbalizability—is not sufficient on its own to enhance performance in audiovisual associative learning. Additionally, the number and variety of different features in visual stimulus sets (such as faces, fish, or polygons) may also significantly influence performance in audiovisual equivalence learning.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70902","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145110823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the Causal Effects of Serum and Cerebrospinal Fluid Metabolites on Cerebral Palsy: A Whole-Metabolome Mendelian Randomization Study","authors":"Yonggang Dai,&nbsp;Wei Wang,&nbsp;Hongya Wang,&nbsp;Xuewei Zhuang","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70864","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to investigate the causal relationships between serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) metabolites and cerebral palsy (CP) risk, leveraging genetic insights to identify potential biomarkers and metabolic pathways implicated in CP pathogenesis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach was employed to analyze 1400 serum metabolites and 338 CSF metabolites. Genetic variants associated with metabolite levels were used as instrumental variables (IVs) to infer causal effects on CP risk.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Findings Serum Metabolites</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sixty-nine metabolites showed significant associations with CP risk, including 1-(1-enyl-stearoyl)-2-linoleoyl-GPE (protective effect: odd ratio [OR] = 0.84, <i>p</i> = 0.001) and 1,2-dipalmitoyl-GPC (risk effect: OR = 1.12, <i>p</i> = 0.003). <i>CSF metabolites</i>: 13 metabolites were significantly linked to CP, most notably 1-palmitoyl-2-palmitoleoyl-GPC (OR = 0.57, <i>p</i> = 0.001). <i>Shared biomarker</i>: Methionine sulfone exhibited protective effects in both serum and CSF. <i>Pathway analysis</i>: Glyoxylate/dicarboxylate metabolism and butyrate metabolism emerged as key pathways potentially influencing CP pathogenesis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This MR study provides novel evidence supporting the causal role of serum and CSF metabolites in CP, highlighting methionine sulfone and specific metabolic pathways as biologically significant factors. Although limitations such as sample size constraints and lack of experimental validation warrant caution, these findings underscore the therapeutic potential of targeting metabolic pathways in CP. Future research should prioritize mechanistic studies and translational exploration of identified metabolites.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70864","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145110907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brain Microstructural Alterations in Children Post-COVID-19 Infection Through VBM, SBM, and Structural Covariance Network Analysis","authors":"Rui Wang,&nbsp;Jing Liu,&nbsp;Jiayi Li,&nbsp;Xinmao Ma,&nbsp;Chuan Fu,&nbsp;Hui Zhang,&nbsp;Lekai Luo,&nbsp;Gang Ning,&nbsp;Yi Liao,&nbsp;Fenglin Jia,&nbsp;Haibo Qu","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70905","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Children represent a particularly vulnerable group to the long-term consequences of COVID-19 due to their ongoing neurodevelopment. This study aimed to identify transient and persistent structural alterations in children recovering from the infection by comparing pretreatment and posttreatment MRI scans and to evaluate differences in brain morphology and network organization relative to age- and sex-matched healthy controls.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A retrospective cohort of 26 children aged 8–12 years with confirmed COVID-19 was compared to 26 healthy controls. All participants underwent high-resolution T1-weighted MRI on a 3T scanner using identical acquisition protocols. Standard VBM and SBM pipelines were applied to quantify cortical volume, thickness, and sulcal depth, followed by SCN analysis to construct correlation matrices based on gray matter metrics. Graph theoretic metrics, including clustering coefficients, eigenpath lengths, small-worldness, and global/local efficiencies, were computed under different network sparsity thresholds.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cortical volume analyses revealed reductions in regions including the cingulate cortex, hippocampus, and superior temporal gyrus among children post-COVID-19, with within-group comparisons showing decreases in the left middle cingulate cortex (7.4–6.9 cm³), left postcentral gyrus (12.2–10.8 cm³), and right anterior cingulate cortex (2.1–1.8 cm³). Partial recovery of sulcal depth and cortical thickness was observed in the superior temporal gyrus (sulcal depth from 210.3 to 198.5 mm², thickness from 2.34 to 2.15 mm). Structural covariance network analysis demonstrated lower global efficiency and higher small-worldness in the post-COVID-19 group compared to controls, along with increased characteristic path length, whereas local connectivity measures (clustering coefficient and local efficiency) remained relatively stable.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Children recovering from COVID-19 may exhibit structural brain changes and network connectivity disruptions, some of which show partial resolution over time, whereas others persist. Long-term follow-up through comprehensive neuroimaging and clinical evaluation is necessary to clarify the potential impact on development.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70905","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145110824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"White Matter Networks of Phonological Awareness in Chinese Readers","authors":"Xinyue Zhang,&nbsp;Yueye Zhao,&nbsp;Siyu Chen,&nbsp;Zi-Gang Huang,&nbsp;Jingjing Zhao","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70781","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In our previous study, we have identified white matter subnetworks linked to phonological processing deficits (e.g., subnetworks centered at the left middle temporal gyrus) in dyslexic children from alphabetic languages using a data-driven hub-based white matter network analysis approach. Yet, white matter subnetworks associated with phonological processing skills in individuals from nonalphabetic languages (e.g., Chinese) have never been studied. This study aims to identify hub-related white matter networks associated with phonological processing skills in Chinese readers.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sixty-five Chinese-speaking adults were classified into good readers (<i>n</i> = 37) and poor readers (<i>n</i> = 28) based on the severity of self-reported reading difficulties and dyslexia symptoms, as assessed by the Chinese adaptation of the Adult Reading History Questionnaire (C-ARHQ). We explored hub-related networks corresponding to phonological processing skills among the participants. Mediation analysis was further conducted to examine the relationship between white matter networks, phonological awareness, and character reading ability of these adults.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We observed structural connectivity of two hub-related white matter networks accounted for individual differences of phonological awareness in Chinese readers: white matter networks surrounding the left middle temporal gyrus and the left fusiform gyrus. Follow-up mediation analysis revealed that the two white matter networks further contributed to the character reading ability of Chinese readers through phonological awareness.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The current study provides the first-hand empirical evidence for the white matter network of phonological processing skills in Chinese readers. The findings offer an important cross-linguistic insight into the white matter network corresponding to phonological processing in nonalphabetic languages.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70781","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145110847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}