Brain and Behavior最新文献

{"title":"Association of Sarcopenia With Global, Motor, Cognitive, and Swallowing Function Prognosis in Stroke Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"Dandan Xie,&nbsp;Mingming Ma,&nbsp;Lu Chen","doi":"10.1002/brb3.71810","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.71810","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sarcopenia has been demonstrated to correlate with the prognosis of stroke. This study aimed to systematically evaluate the impact of sarcopenia on global, motor, cognitive, and swallowing function outcomes in stroke patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Relevant studies investigating the association between sarcopenia and multidimensional prognostic outcomes in stroke were retrieved from the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Scopus databases. The primary outcome was the risk of poor global functional prognosis assessed by the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Secondary outcomes included motor function scores (Functional Independence Measure-motor, FIM-motor), cognitive function scores, and the risk of swallowing dysfunction.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 36 cohort studies were finally included. Pooled results indicated that stroke patients with comorbid sarcopenia faced a notably elevated risk of poor global functional prognosis (mRS, OR = 2.43, 95% CI: 1.95 to 3.03, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). The motor function scores (FIM-motor, SMD = −0.94, 95% CI: −1.11 to −0.77, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and cognitive function scores (FIM-cognition or Montreal Cognitive Assessment, SMD = −0.95, 95% CI: −1.22 to −0.69, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) in the sarcopenia group were significantly lower than those in the non-sarcopenia group, while the risk of swallowing dysfunction showed a notable but non-significant elevation (endotracheal intubation or Functional Oral Intake Scale, OR = 1.45, 95% CI: 0.94 to 2.25, <i>p</i> = 0.09). Subgroup analyses indicated that the patient populations, cut-off value of mRS, follow-up duration, stroke type, and diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia were the main sources of heterogeneity. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of the results. Egger's test suggested the presence of publication bias, but the conclusions remained valid after correction using the trim-and-fill method.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sarcopenia is an important risk factor for poor global, motor, cognitive, and swallowing function prognosis in stroke patients. In clinical practice, sarcopenia screening should be incorporated into the routine assessment of stroke patients, and individualized interventions should be promptly implemented for high-risk populations to improve long-term prognosis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"16 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13624536/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149079631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The C-Reactive Protein–Triglyceride–Glucose Index and Functional Outcomes in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients Following Endovascular Thrombectomy","authors":"Jing Bian,&nbsp;Junfeng Xu,&nbsp;Xiuyun Li,&nbsp;Xianhui Ding,&nbsp;Yapeng Guo,&nbsp;Ke Yang,&nbsp;Xianjun Huang,&nbsp;Shoucai Zhao,&nbsp;Zhiming Zhou,&nbsp;Zibao Li","doi":"10.1002/brb3.71770","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.71770","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The C-reactive protein–triglyceride–glucose index (CTI), capturing insulin resistance (IR) and systemic inflammation, is related to stroke prognosis in general, but has not yet been studied with respect to functional outcomes after endovascular thrombectomy (EVT).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A retrospective analysis was carried out on individuals with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) experiencing EVT (September 2018–December 2024). CTI is measured as: 0.412 × Ln (C-reactive protein) (mg/L) + Ln [fasting triglyceride (mg/dL) × fasting glucose (mg/dL)]/2. The endpoint was unfavorable functional outcomes, characterized by a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 3–6 at 90-day follow-up. Restricted cubic splines (RCS) and logistic regression (LR) analysis were utilized to estimate the link between the CTI and clinical outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Among 813 patients, a high CTI level was significantly correlated with unfavorable functional outcome (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Compared with patients in the lowest quartile (Q1) of CTI, those in the highest CTI quartile (Q4) demonstrated an increased likelihood of unfavorable outcome (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] of 2.04, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of 1.17–3.54). RCS modeling, after adjustment for significant variables identified in the univariate analysis, confirmed that there was no nonlinear connection between CTI levels and the probability of unfavorable functional recovery. Stratified analysis indicated that these associations were more significant among elderly and non-smoking patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The CTI is an independent indicator of functional outcomes in individuals with AIS undergoing EVT, underlining its potential clinical value as a readily accessible marker for risk stratification and individualized prognostic assessment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"16 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13624537/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149079547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing Demographic and Clinical Features of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients With and Without Sleepiness: A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Fatemeh kashaninasab,&nbsp;Yousef Fathalian,&nbsp;Mahboobeh Khoozan,&nbsp;Mirfarhad Ghalehbandi,&nbsp;Nasim Nikoubakht","doi":"10.1002/brb3.71720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.71720","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is a common but variable symptom in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), with unclear associations with disease severity and clinical features. This study aimed to compare demographic and clinical characteristics of OSA patients with and without EDS in an Iranian population.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this cross-sectional study, 117 patients aged 18–65 years with polysomnography-confirmed OSA were recruited at Rasoul Akram Hospital, Tehran, Iran, from April 2022 to March 2023. EDS was assessed using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS ≥ 10). Data on demographics, anthropometric measures, clinical variables (e.g., AHI), and medical history were collected. Statistical analyses included Spearman correlations, t-tests, Mann-Whitney U tests, and chi-square tests.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Of 117 patients (63.2% male, mean age 38.18 ± 2.43 years), 42.7% had EDS. No significant correlation was found between AHI and ESS (<i>ρ</i> = 0.121, <i>p</i> = 0.194), nor differences in OSA severity (mild, moderate, severe) between sleepy and non-sleepy groups (<i>p</i> = 0.998). AHI correlated with age, weight, BMI, neck, and waist circumference (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05); ESS correlated with height, weight, and neck circumference (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Head/neck disease or injury was associated with the absence of EDS (<i>p</i> = 0.014), with a trend linking opioid use to EDS (<i>p</i> = 0.082).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>EDS in OSA patients is not strongly tied to AHI but is associated with specific anthropometric features. The novel head/neck disease finding suggests neurological influences on EDS. These results advocate for phenotype-specific OSA management in Middle Eastern populations</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"16 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.71720","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149068331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RTMS Mitigates Simulated Spaceflight-Induced Emotional Dysfunction Through VEGFR-2-Mediated Neuroprotection","authors":"Rong Liang,&nbsp;Qing Xu,&nbsp;Jing Ren,&nbsp;Ling Wang,&nbsp;Xinyan Cheng,&nbsp;Fei Zhao,&nbsp;Jing Xu,&nbsp;Jiajia Yang,&nbsp;Dong Ming","doi":"10.1002/brb3.71799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.71799","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has shown potential in mitigating emotional deficits induced by extreme environments, such as those encountered during spaceflight. However, its underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study investigates the role of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) in mediating the therapeutic effects of rTMS in a mouse model of simulated space composite environment (SSCE).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>10 Hz rTMS treatment was initiated after the last two weeks of SSCE exposure and continued for the remaining 2 weeks. Throughout the rTMS treatment period, the VEGF receptor antagonist SU5416 was co-administered via intraperitoneal injection.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Finding</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Behavioral tests revealed that VEGFR-2 inhibition abolished the beneficial effects of rTMS on depressive- and anxiety-like behaviors, as measured by the tail suspension, forced swim, sucrose preference, and elevated plus maze tests. Furthermore, SU5416 blocked rTMS-induced improvement in social skills. At the cellular level, VEGFR-2 antagonism impaired axonal integrity in the prefrontal cortex.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These findings suggest that VEGFR-2 signaling is critical for the neuroprotective and behavioral benefits of rTMS under simulated spaceflight conditions, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target for emotional regulation in extreme environments.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"16 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.71799","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149068375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Combined With Median Nerve Electrical Stimulation for Severe Traumatic Brain Injury","authors":"Nana Wang,&nbsp;Manrong Li,&nbsp;Guozhen Zhang","doi":"10.1002/brb3.71661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.71661","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Background&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) often leads to prolonged coma and poor neurological outcomes. Noninvasive neuromodulation techniques such as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and median nerve electrical stimulation (MNS) have shown potential in promoting arousal. However, the efficacy of combining these two approaches remains unclear.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;In this randomized controlled trial, 86 patients with sTBI-induced coma were assigned to rTMS (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 29), MNS (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 29), or combination therapy (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 28) for 4 weeks. Outcomes included awakening efficacy, EEG grading, cerebral blood-flow parameters (Vm, Vd, Vs, pulsatility index [PI]), GCS, and MoCA. Safety events were recorded.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;At week 4, the combination group demonstrated significantly higher overall awakening efficacy (92.86%, 26/28) compared with the rTMS (65.52%, 19/29) and MNS (62.07%, 18/29) groups (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05; number needed to treat [NNT] ≈ 4 for combination vs. MNS). GCS scores improved significantly within all groups (all &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05), with the greatest mean change observed in the combination group (baseline 5.19 ± 0.62 → week 4: 11.23 ± 1.12; Δ+6.04), followed by MNS (Δ+4.50) and rTMS (Δ+4.19); between-group differences favored combination therapy (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05). EEG grading shifted toward lower-severity categories in all groups, with the combination group achieving the highest proportion of Grade I–II normalization at week 4 (71.4%, 20/28) compared with rTMS (62.1%, 18/29) and MNS (37.9%, 11/29). Transcranial Doppler–derived cerebral blood-flow velocities (Vm, Vs, Vd) increased and the pulsatility index decreased across all groups, with the combination group demonstrating the most pronounced hemodynamic improvement relative to either monotherapy (all &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05). In an exploratory analysis restricted to patients who regained sufficient responsiveness to undergo cognitive testing (combination: 26/28 [92.9%]; rTMS: 19/29 [65.5%]; MNS: 18/29 [62.1%]), MoCA scores at week 4 indicated mild-to-moderate cognitive impairment across all groups (combination: 21.35 ± 2.87; rTMS: 18.74 ± 3.26; MNS: 18.22 ± 3.41), with numerically highest scores in the combination group; however, given the differential testability rates—which corresponded directly to awakening status—these findings are subject to inherent selection bias and should be interpreted as hypothesis-generating only. No seizures were observed throughout the study period. Adverse events were infrequent and did not differ significantly among groups (combination: 10","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"16 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.71661","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149068201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Natural History and Factors Influencing 90-Day Clinical Outcomes and 1-Year Recurrence of Thalamic Stroke","authors":"Huang Qiang,&nbsp;Cui Ying,&nbsp;Zhang Yongbo","doi":"10.1002/brb3.71755","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.71755","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To investigate the natural course of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) manifested as pure thalamic infarction (PTI) and identify predictors of 90-day clinical prognosis and 1-year recurrent major adverse cardiovascular/cerebrovascular events (MACE).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This retrospective cohort study analyzed 251 consecutive thalamic infarction patients admitted between January 2016 and May 2024. Participants were classified into PTI (<i>n</i> = 187) or combined-type thalamic infarction (CTI, <i>n</i> = 64). Primary endpoints included poor 90-day clinical prognosis (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] ≥ 2) and 1-year MACE (composite of stroke, acute myocardial infarction, and cardiovascular death). Intergroup comparisons utilized Pearson Chi-square or Mann–Whitney U tests, with variables showing <i>p</i> ≤ 0.10 in univariate analysis entered into multivariate logistic regression models.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Compared with CTI, PTI patients demonstrated lower baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores (median 1 vs. 3, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and reduced prevalence of atrial fibrillation (2.7% vs. 12.5%), intracranial artery stenosis (ICAS; 48.1% vs. 76.6%), and early neurological deterioration (24.6% vs. 56.3%; all <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). The 90-day poor prognosis rate was significantly lower in PTI (4.8% vs. 20.3%, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), whereas 1-year MACE rates did not differ between groups (12.3% vs. 15.6%, <i>p</i> = 0.497). Among PTI cases, territorial distributions comprised inferolateral (80.2%), tuberothalamic (13.4%), paramedian (including Percheron artery, 5.9%), and posterior choroidal arteries (0.5%). Tuberothalamic artery infarctions exhibited higher cognitive impairment rates (36.0%) than other subgroups. Multivariate analysis identified baseline NIHSS as an independent predictor of 90-day poor prognosis (OR = 1.634, 95% CI 1.152–2.320, <i>p</i> = 0.006), while ICAS was associated with 1-year MACE (OR = 3.908; 95% CI, 1.188–12.849; <i>p</i> = 0.025) in PTI patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>PTI presented favorable short-term outcomes, consistent with initial stroke severity, yet carried a 12.3% annual MACE risk, particularly in patients with coexisting ICAS. These findings underscore the importance of addressing intracranial stenosis in secondary prevention strategies for CSVD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"16 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.71755","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149068309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving Video-Based Prediction of Cerebellar Ataxia Severity Using a Pretrained Deep Learning Model","authors":"Katsuki Eguchi,&nbsp;Hiroaki Yaguchi,&nbsp;Hisashi Uwatoko,&nbsp;Yuki Iida,&nbsp;Moemi Yamada,&nbsp;Shinsuke Hamada,&nbsp;Kazunori Sato,&nbsp;Sanae Honma,&nbsp;Asako Takei,&nbsp;Atsushi Kawashima,&nbsp;Fumio Moriwaka,&nbsp;Toshiyuki Fukazawa,&nbsp;Ren Togo,&nbsp;Takahiro Ogawa,&nbsp;Miki Haseyama,&nbsp;Kenji Hirata,&nbsp;Kohsuke Kudo,&nbsp;Shinya Tanaka,&nbsp;Ichiro Yabe","doi":"10.1002/brb3.71781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.71781","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ataxia severity in degenerative cerebellar diseases (DCDs) is usually assessed with semi-quantitative clinical rating scales such as the Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA), which are subject to variability. Deep learning-based gait analysis offers an objective alternative, but labeled data in DCDs are limited. We investigated whether pretraining on gait videos from patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) could improve SARA score prediction in DCD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Gait videos from patients with DCD were processed using pose estimation, and the extracted time-series keypoint coordinates were input to a transformer-based model. Separate models were developed for the SARA total score and the posture and gait subscore (sum of Items 1–3). Models were pretrained on PD gait videos by supervised learning with the Movement Disorder Society–Sponsored Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS–UPDRS) Part III axial subscore or by self-supervised masked keypoint reconstruction. Performance was evaluated by leave-one-participant-out cross-validation (mean absolute error [MAE], coefficient of determination [<i>R</i>²]), and between-model differences by participant-level Wilcoxon signed-rank tests and bootstrap 95% confidence intervals (CIs).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We analyzed 75 patients with DCD and 141 with PD. For the SARA total score, MAE and <i>R</i>² were 1.91 ± 0.06 and 0.78 ± 0.01 with supervised pretraining, 1.95 ± 0.04 and 0.77 ± 0.01 with self-supervised pretraining, and 2.04 ± 0.07 and 0.74 ± 0.02 with training from scratch; neither strategy significantly reduced participant-level prediction error (<i>p</i> = 0.25 and 0.24). For the posture and gait subscore, only supervised pretraining significantly reduced prediction error (mean difference: −0.078; 95% CI: −0.127 to −0.031; <i>p</i> = 0.003).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Pretraining on PD gait data modestly reduced SARA prediction error, reaching statistical significance for the posture and gait subscore with supervised pretraining. Pretraining across neurological disorders may help models acquire transferable representations of pathological gait, but its clinical significance requires validation in larger, multicenter datasets.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"16 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.71781","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149068374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Altered Inter-Network Functional Integration Underlies Speech Impairment in Parkinson's Disease: A Resting-State fMRI Analysis","authors":"Shan Deng,&nbsp;Yongqing Xiao,&nbsp;Zimei Dong,&nbsp;Cai Zhong,&nbsp;Yu Yu,&nbsp;Chunxiao Yang,&nbsp;Liya Pan,&nbsp;Baohui Weng,&nbsp;Yuan Chen,&nbsp;Ziming Ye,&nbsp;Ying Liu,&nbsp;Chao Qin","doi":"10.1002/brb3.71798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.71798","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Background&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Speech impairment is common in Parkinson's disease (PD) and lacks effective clinical interventions due to poorly understood underlying mechanisms. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the relationship between altered brain functional networks and speech impairments in PD, identifying neural correlates of abnormal brain activity linked to PD-related speech disorders (SD).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Baseline clinical characteristics, neurobehavioral assessments, and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) data were collected from three groups: PD individuals with SD (PD-SD group), PD individuals without SD (PD-NON-SD group), and healthy controls (HC group). Independent component analysis (ICA) was performed to identify resting-state networks (RSNs) using the Group ICA of fMRI Toolbox (GIFT) implemented in MATLAB. Functional network connectivity (FNC) was subsequently quantified by calculating Pearson correlation coefficients between the extracted RSNs. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to assess group differences in FNC, followed by post hoc pairwise comparisons for networks showing significant effects. Given the reported association between speech impairment and cognitive impairment in PD, correlation analyses were further performed to investigate the relationships between FNC alterations and clinical measures, including speech performance and cognitive function assessed by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Significant differences in FNC were observed between the left frontoparietal network (LFPN) and auditory network (AUN) across the three groups (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.0280). In particular, the FNC between LFPN and AUN was significantly stronger in the PD-SD group compared to the PD-NON-SD group (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.0221) and the HC group (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.0047). Spearman correlation analysis revealed significant positive correlation between LFPN-AUN functional connectivity and Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale part III (UPDRS-III) speech subscores (&lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;s&lt;/sub&gt; = 0.2624, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.0466), as well as a significant negative correlation with MoCA scores (&lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;s&lt;/sub&gt; = −0.2847, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.0249).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;This study identifies disrupted functional connectivity between the LFPN and AUN in individuals with PD-SD. These findings suggest that altered integration of RSNs involved in motor, cognitive, and auditory processing may contribute to speech impairment in P","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"16 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.71798","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149068200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the Mediating Role of Cytokines in the Relationship Between Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Cognitive Impairment After Ischemic Stroke","authors":"Xin Du,&nbsp;Jingwei Li","doi":"10.1002/brb3.71725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.71725","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To explore whether nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with poststroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) and to investigate the mediating role of cytokine levels.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Research methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study included 247 patients with ischemic stroke. The subjects were divided into no-to-mild and moderate-to-severe groups according to the severity of NAFLD. The levels of peripheral blood cytokines and the scores of the Montreal cognitive assessment scale (MoCA) were measured for all subjects. The scale scores and cytokine levels were compared between the two groups, and the correlations among NAFLD, cytokines, and cognitive function were analyzed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Compared with those in the no-to-mild group, the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α in the moderate-to-severe group were significantly higher, while the MoCA score was significantly lower. Multivariate linear regression analysis indicated that the NAFLD grade could significantly affect the MoCA score and the levels of IL-1β and TNF-α. Mediation analysis revealed that the level of TNF-α significantly mediated the relationship between NAFLD and cognitive function, with a mediation effect size of 0.36.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Elevated TNF-α levels may be a key intermediate factor in the development of PSCI in patients with NAFLD. The prevention and treatment of NAFLD and the inhibition of the peripheral inflammatory response may lead to new targets for early screening and intervention in PSCI.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"16 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.71725","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149068205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glycyrrhizic Acid Relieves Fatigue Induced by Acute and Chronic Exercise in Mice via Inhibition of the NF-κB/NLRP3 Signaling Pathway","authors":"Xin-ying Cai,&nbsp;Wen-jun Li,&nbsp;Cai-xia Chen,&nbsp;Lu Peng,&nbsp;Li-chao Yang,&nbsp;Xiao-ning Lin,&nbsp;Hong-tao Liu,&nbsp;Jian-bo Jia,&nbsp;Yan-chao Jiao,&nbsp;Ying Li","doi":"10.1002/brb3.71773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.71773","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Glycyrrhizic acid (Gly-A) exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in various central nervous system disorders. Acute fatigue and chronic fatigue (CF) are associated with serious physical and psychological effects. However, the underlying pathophysiology and effective therapeutic strategies for these conditions remain poorly understood.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aims to evaluate the therapeutic potential of Gly-A against fatigue, and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of its action.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We established a mouse model of acute exercise-induced fatigue and evaluated fatigue-related indices. To identify specific pathways involved in Gly-A's therapeutic effects, we employed RNA sequencing, network pharmacology, and in vitro oxygen-deficit models, aiming to clarify the mechanisms. Additionally, we established a mouse model of CF to compare the therapeutic efficacy of Gly-A with positive control drugs by assessing identical parameters.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Gly-A significantly improved fatigue-related indices without affecting body weight. RNA sequencing and network pharmacology analyses showed that Gly-A modulates oxidative stress responses and targets the NF-κB (nuclear factor-kappa B)/NLRP3 (NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3) signaling and apoptotic pathways. In the CF mouse model, oral administration of Gly-A significantly increased motor activity, alleviated anxiety and depression, and improved neurocognitive function compared to model mice, exhibiting superior efficacy to positive control drugs. These findings suggest that Gly-A exerts anti-inflammatory effects by targeting the NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway, thereby reducing neuronal apoptosis in CF.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Gly-A exhibits therapeutic potential against acute exercise-fatigue and CF, primarily by attenuating apoptosis through the inhibition of the NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"16 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.71773","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149068574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}