Brain and Behavior最新文献

{"title":"Early Detection and Management of Cognitive Impairment in Parkinson's Disease: A Predictive Model Approach","authors":"Li Li,&nbsp;Shan Tang,&nbsp;Bin Hao,&nbsp;Xiaoqin Gao,&nbsp;Haiyan Liu,&nbsp;Bo Wang,&nbsp;Hui Qi","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70423","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study aims to identify risk factors associated with cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease and to develop a predictive model to facilitate early clinical detection, diagnosis, and management, thereby enhancing patient prognosis and quality of life.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 351 PD patients were enrolled from the Department of Neurology at the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University between January 2022 and December 2023. Cognitive function was evaluated using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scale, and patients were subsequently categorized into cognitively normal (PD-NC) and cognitively impaired (PD-CI) groups. A logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify risk factors, and a predictive model was constructed and validated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Among the 351 patients with PD, 188 cases were in the PD⁃NC group and 163 cases were in the PD⁃CI group, with an incidence of cognitive impairment of 46.4%. Logistic regression analysis indicated that H–Y classification, HAMA score, homocysteine, uric acid, and folic acid were significant predictors and were incorporated into the regression equation. The constructed prediction model had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.738.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The cognitive function of PD patients is influenced by H–Y classification, HAMA score, homocysteine, uric acid, and folic acid. The constructed prediction model demonstrates good discrimination and calibration, providing a reference basis for early clinical identification and intervention of cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70423","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143602757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microstructure Abnormalities of Diffusion Tensor Imaging Measures in First-Episode, Treatment-Naïve Adolescents With Major Depressive Disorder: An Integrated AFQ and TBSS Study","authors":"Wenjie Zhang,&nbsp;Chan Zhang,&nbsp;Jinyuan Zhao,&nbsp;Jiajing Cui,&nbsp;Jinji Bai,&nbsp;Xuan Deng,&nbsp;Junjun Ji,&nbsp;Ting Li,&nbsp;Yu Wang,&nbsp;Kefeng Li,&nbsp;Yunhui Qu,&nbsp;Junfeng Li","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70416","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Structural changes during depressive episodes in adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD) remains unclear due to participant heterogeneity, illness chronicity, and medication confounders. This study aimed to explore white matter (WM) microstructural changes in first-episode, treatment-naïve adolescents with MDD using an integrated diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) approach.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We recruited 66 subjects, including 37 adolescents with MDD and 29 healthy controls. Two main DTI techniques, automated fiber quantification (AFQ) and tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS), were used to analyze fractional anisotropy (FA), axial diffusivity (AD), radial diffusivity (RD), and mean diffusivity (MD) in WM tracts. DTI measures were then correlated with the depressive symptoms evaluated by Hamilton Depression Rating Scale scores (HAMD-17).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Findings</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In AFQ, MDD patients showed significant segmental differences in WM tracts compared to controls, including a negative correlation between SLF AD values and depression severity. TBSS revealed reduced FA in the cingulum, forceps minor, inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, inferior longitudinal fasciculus, SLF, and uncinate fasciculus in MDD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our integrated DTI analysis in a unique first-episode, medication-naïve cohort revealed microstructural changes in adolescent MDD not previously reported. These findings may provide imaging markers for early detection and enhance our understanding of depression pathology in youth.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70416","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143602624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Prognostic Implication of Serum Mixed Lineage Kinase Domain-Like Protein in Acute Primary Supratentorial Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study","authors":"Yijun Ma,&nbsp;Jun Wang,&nbsp;Chao Tang,&nbsp;Jin Liu,&nbsp;Xiaoyu Wu,&nbsp;Xiaoqiao Dong,&nbsp;Quan Du,&nbsp;Wei Li,&nbsp;Xuan Lv,&nbsp;Suijun Zhu","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70424","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL) is a key component of necroptosis. Here, serum MLKL levels were measured with the intent to assess its prognostic significance in acute intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A collective of 161 patients with acute primary supratentorial ICH and 73 controls were enlisted in this multicenter prospective cohort study. Serum MLKL levels were measured at admission in all patients, at study entry in all controls, and on post-ICH days 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, and 15 in 73 of all patients. Multivariate analyses were adopted to assess relationships between serum MLKL levels, severity, early neurological deterioration (END), poststroke 6-month modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores, and poor prognosis (mRS scores of 3–6).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Patients, relative to controls, had significantly promoted serum MLKL levels from admission until Day 15, with the peaking value at Day 3 (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Admission serum MLKL levels were independently correlated with National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores (beta, 0.133; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.088–0.178; <i>p</i> = 0.011), hematoma volume (beta, 0.051; 95%CI, 0.037–0.064; <i>p</i> = 0.001), and 6-month mRS scores (beta, 0.707; 95%CI, 0.487–0.927; <i>p</i> = 0.023), as well as independently predicted END (odds ratio, 1.902; 95%CI, 1.229–2.945; <i>p</i> = 0.014) and poor prognosis (odds ratio, 2.286; 95%CI, 1.324–3.946; <i>p</i> = 0.038). Admission serum MLKL levels were linearly connected to risks of poor prognosis (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05) and END (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05), had no interactions with age, gender, hypertension, and so forth (all <i>p</i> &gt; 0.05), and possessed similar areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve to NIHSS scores and hematoma volume (all <i>p</i> &gt; 0.05). The models integrating serum MLKL levels, NIHSS scores, and hematoma volume were graphically represented by nomogram and predicted END and poor prognosis with a good consistency under the calibration curve.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Serum MLKL levels are markedly increased shortly following ICH, and may accurately mirror disease severity, and efficaciously anticipate END and six-month bad prognosis of patients, strengthening serum MLKL as a prognostic biomarker of good prospect in ICH.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70424","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143602758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Characteristics of Cognitive Subgroups of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder","authors":"Emre Mısır,&nbsp;Raşit Tükel,&nbsp;Berna Binnur Akdede,&nbsp;Emre Bora","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70375","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a clinically heterogeneous disorder. The results of symptom-based classification studies are inconsistent in resolving this heterogeneity. The aim of this study was to investigate clinical differences between clusters created according to neurocognitive performance.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study combined data sets from three previously published studies. A total of 135 outpatients diagnosed with OCD, and 106 healthy controls (HCs) were evaluated using the 17-Item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS-17) and a comprehensive neuropsychological battery. Patients were also administered the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Two neurocognitive subgroups were identified by <i>k</i>-means cluster analysis: globally impaired (GI, <i>n</i> = 42) and cognitively intact (CI, <i>n</i> = 93). The GI subgroup performed worse than the HC and CI groups on all neurocognitive tests. There was no difference between the CI group and HC in any cognitive domains. Compulsive symptom severity [<i>t</i>(133) = −2.45, <i>p</i> = 0.015], Y-BOCS total score [<i>t</i>(133) = −2.09, <i>p</i> = 0.038], and age of onset were higher in the GI group than in the CI group [<i>t</i>(132) = −4.24, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001]. Years of education were higher in the CI and HC groups than in the GI group [<i>F</i>(238) = 35.27, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001]. There was no difference in symptom profile between the CI and GI groups.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The identified cognitive clusters may indicate subtypes with different neurobiological bases. A better dissection of the cognitive structure of OCD could potentially facilitate genetic and neuroimaging studies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70375","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143602739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early Predictive Value of the Glucose-to-Lymphocyte Ratio for the Occurrence of Stroke-Associated Pneumonia","authors":"Fuqiang Zhou,&nbsp;Liju Ma,&nbsp;Min Li,&nbsp;Haijiang Li,&nbsp;Heying Yang,&nbsp;Ye Xu,&nbsp;Kuankuan Dang,&nbsp;Fengchen Gao,&nbsp;Haimei Sun","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70404","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Hyperglycemia and poststroke immunosuppression can lead to a decline in immune function, resulting in an increased incidence of infectious events. The relationship between the glucose-to-lymphocyte ratio (GLR), a novel indicator, and stroke-associated pneumonia (SAP) remains unclear. The objective of this study is to investigate the early predictive value of the GLR in the context of SAP.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A retrospective analysis was conducted on acute stroke patients admitted to the Department of Neurology at the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University from 2017 to 2021. The dataset included demographic information, vascular risk factors, and laboratory test results. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the correlation between the GLR and the incidence of SAP. The GLR was converted into a categorical variable for trend testing, and compared the predictive efficiency of GLR through the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and Bonferroni correction analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study included 711 patients with acute stroke according to a 1:2 case–control ratio, with 237 (33.3%) in the SAP group and 474 (66.7%) in the Non-SAP group. The baseline level of the GLR was significantly greater in the SAP group than in the Non-SAP group (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). After correction using multifactorial logistic regression analysis, GLR (OR: 1.182, 95% CI: 1.090–1.281, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) was identified as an independent risk factor for SAP. When GLR was converted into a categorical variable, the risk of SAP in group Q3 was 3.210 times greater than that in group Q1, and the trend test yielded <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001. The analysis of the ROC curve revealed that the area under the curve (AUC) for the GLR was 0.737, with a sensitivity of 70.0% and specificity of 67.1% at a cutoff value of 4.110. The predictive efficacy of the GLR for SAP patients was superior to that of either blood glucose or lymphocyte counts alone (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.0167).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>An elevated GLR within 24 h of hospital admission following an acute stroke is an independent risk factor for SAP. The risk of SAP increases progressively with increasing GLR, suggesting that the GLR may have a certain early predictive value for the occurrence of SAP.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70404","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143581570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does the Brain Care Which Direction We Read? A Cross-Cultural tDCS Study on Functional Lateralization of Number Processing","authors":"Narjes Bahreini,&nbsp;Christina Artemenko,&nbsp;Christian Plewnia,&nbsp;Reza Rostami,&nbsp;Hans-Christoph Nuerk","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70353","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The potential influence of culture on functional lateralization was rarely investigated, yet it may be an important factor in our understanding of the human brain. In numerical processing, evidence was found for differential directional preferences of space–number associations in cultures with opposite reading direction systems. This may affect finger-counting preferences like the starting hand, which in turn have previously been associated with differing lateralization. Such studies raise the question of whether number culture may also play a distinct role in the lateralization of the intraparietal sulcus (IPS), the hallmark region of numerical magnitude processing.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In our preregistered cross-cultural study, we applied anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the left versus right IPS to investigate the effect of stimulation as compared to sham in Iranians (with right-to-left reading system) and Germans (with left-to-right reading system).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Finding</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Results indicated no overall effect of stimulation; however, exploratory analyses revealed that tDCS over the left and right IPS facilitated number processing in Iranians compared to Germans after controlling for training effects. Finger-counting direction was not found to be decisive for this effect.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>At the end, number processing might be bilaterally represented in the IPS; however, our exploratory analyses emphasize the need for further investigation on the potential role of culture in the representations of numbers.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70353","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143581564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spermidine Inhibits M1 Microglia Polarization in a Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease and BV2 Cells via NF-κB/STAT-1 Pathway","authors":"Jun Shu,&nbsp;Yuqiong Jiao,&nbsp;Wenshi Wei,&nbsp;Aijuan Yan","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70410","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Excessively activated M1 microglia release proinflammatory factors that can cause neuronal death and contribute to the development of Parkinson's disease (PD). Recent research indicates that spermidine, a naturally occurring polyamine, may have anti-inflammatory properties. Nonetheless, the specific role of spermidine in Parkinson's disease, particularly how it affects microglia-driven neuroinflammation and the balance between M1 and M2 polarization, is still not fully understood.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We examined the effects of spermidine on the polarization of M1/M2 microglia in a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) mouse model of PD and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV2 cells. Methods like RT-PCR, western blotting, and immunofluorescence were used to examine how spermidine influences the polarization of microglia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In vivo, spermidine pretreatment reduced the activation of M1 microglia and encouraged the transformation of microglia into the M2 phenotype in the substantia nigra (SN) of PD mice. Additionally, spermidine decreased the release of inflammatory factors and lessened the death of dopaminergic neurons in the SN of these mice. In vitro, spermidine indirectly protected neurons from death by affecting microglial polarization. Furthermore, spermidine preconditioning led to decreased phosphorylation of NF-κB, STAT1, and p38 MAPK, while enhancing the phosphorylation of STAT6, both in vivo and in vitro. Additionally, we observed that the supernatant from BV2 cells was cultured with SH-SY5Y neurons. The findings revealed that the supernatant from LPS-activated BV2 cells notably reduced the viability of SH-SY5Y cells, as well as the levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), TrkB, PI3K, and p-AKT. However, these effects were significantly reversed by pretreatment with spermidine.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our research found that spermidine reduced M1 microglial polarization, partially through the inhibition of the NF-κB, STAT1, and p38 MAPK pathways, and encouraged M2 microglial polarization by activating the STAT6 pathway. This action helped to mitigate neuroinflammation in both the MPTP mouse model of Parkinson's disease and LPS-stimulated BV2 cells. Additionally, spermidine provided indirect neuroprotection by activating BDNF-TrkB-PI3K/AKT signaling pathways.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70410","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143581635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differences in Finger Dexterity in Patients With Mild and Moderate Alzheimer's Disease—A Study of Cognitive Function by Disease Severity","authors":"Shota Suzumura,&nbsp;Aiko Osawa,&nbsp;Junpei Sugioka,&nbsp;Masaki Kamiya,&nbsp;Yuko Sano,&nbsp;Akihiko Kandori,&nbsp;Tomohiko Mizuguchi,&nbsp;Yoshiharu Uchida,&nbsp;Hitoshi Kagaya,&nbsp;Izumi Kondo","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70403","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to estimate the relationship between finger function and cognitive function in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Patients diagnosed with AD at the Outpatient Center for Comprehensive Care and Research on Memory Disorder of the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology underwent a 15-s bimanual alternating tapping task to measure finger movements. After finger movement measurements, we classified the severity of AD into mild and moderate and compared the finger movements. The Mann–Whitney <i>U</i> test and effect size were used to compare parameter values between the two groups (mild and moderate AD), and the calculated <i>p</i> values were corrected using the Bonferroni method. The Spearman rank correlation coefficient was calculated to determine the association between finger parameters and cognitive function (Mini-Mental Examination [MMSE]).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data from 163 patients with AD were analyzed. When comparing finger parameters between the mild AD (64 individuals) and moderate AD (99 individuals) groups, the moderate AD group demonstrated fewer taps (<i>p</i> = 0.005; <i>r</i> = 0.22) and a longer interval between taps with the thumb and index finger (<i>p</i> = 0.007; <i>r</i> = 0.21) than the mild AD group. The correlation between the MMSE score and finger function was weakly positive for the number of taps and weakly negative for the average of tapping interval.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These parameters reflect the decline in finger function associated with the advanced stages of dementia and may help assess the severity of AD. Additionally, these findings may have clinical utility in assessing the severity of AD, potentially enhancing diagnostic accuracy for differentiating stages of AD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70403","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143581567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is the Relationship Between Adolescent Social Isolation and Anxiety-Like Behaviors Altered by Microglia Ablation in Female Long Evans Rats?","authors":"Matthew A. Blumberg,&nbsp;Ava Shipman,&nbsp;Lidia Olyha,&nbsp;Stephen C. Gironda,&nbsp;Jeffrey L. Weiner","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70369","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Despite extensive, cross-disciplinary research revealing a relationship between early life stress (ELS) and an increased risk for neuropsychiatric disorders, the underlying processes mediating this relationship are not fully understood. Further, the majority of preclinical studies investigating this relationship have not taken sex differences into consideration. A growing body of work suggests that microglia, resident immune cells of the brain, are impacted by ELS and contribute to some of the maladaptive behavioral phenotypes in adulthood. Here, we utilized an adolescent social isolation (aSI) model of ELS in female rats to test the role of microglia in mediating the effects of ELS on anxiety-related behaviors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The present study sought to determine whether microglia ablation during aSI could prevent anxiety-like behaviors in female Long Evans rats. A colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1-r) inhibitor, PLX3397, was provided in chow to ablate microglia at the start of the isolation period (postnatal day (P) 21–42). During the aSI period, animals performed a battery of behavioral assays including the open field test, elevated plus maze, and successive alleys test. Following completion of the behavioral assays, brain tissue was collected to confirm the efficacy of PLX3397 and identify changes in microglia population density.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Relative to group-housed (GH) controls, aSI rats showed increased locomotor activity in the open field test and higher closed-arm entries on the elevated plus maze. Although PLX3397 effectively ablated microglia across all animals, this treatment had minimal effects on observed aSI-associated phenotypes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Together, these data suggest that microglia are not required for behavioral adaptations promoted by aSI. Future studies will be needed to assess the role of microglia in the relationship between ELS and maladaptive behavioral phenotypes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70369","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143581498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Activation of SIRT1 by Hydroxysafflor Yellow A Attenuates Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress-Induced Microglia Activation and Iron Death in Depressed Rats","authors":"Jianle He,&nbsp;Min He,&nbsp;Ping Yang,&nbsp;Jianhui Shangguan,&nbsp;Lingxia Jiang,&nbsp;Zhiqiang Liu","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70385","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA), the main active ingredient in safflower, possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. We confirmed in our previous study that HSYA exerts antidepressant effects, but further investigation is needed to uncover the exact mechanism. Herein, we aimed to explore the antidepressant effects of HSYA based on microglial activation and ferroptosis studies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) procedure was used to establish a depression model in rats. Behavioral tests were conducted on rats after HSYA administration. Iba-1 immunostaining was used to determine the activation of microglia in the hippocampus. We examined the iron ion level using a colorimetric method. Assayed by western blot for protein expression.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Rats receiving HSYA showed enhanced spatial learning and memory abilities, as well as improvements in depression-like behaviors. HSYA administration reduced Iba-1 expression in CUMS rats’ hippocampus, indicating that HSYA suppressed microglial activation. HSYA inhibited CUMS-induced Fe²⁺ concentration and promoted ferroptosis-related protein GPX4 and SLC7A11 expression. HSYA treatment also elevated SIRT1 and Nrf2 protein levels, while p-p65 protein levels decreased in the hippocampus of CUMS rats.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>HSYA exerts an antidepressant-like effect by inhibiting microglia activation in the hippocampus and inducing SIRT1/Nrf2/NF-kB signaling.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70385","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143581566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}