Brain and Behavior最新文献

{"title":"The Association Between the Onset and Ending of Volunteering on Loneliness and Perceived Social Isolation Among Older Adults: Longitudinal Evidence From the German Ageing Survey","authors":"Avery Richardson,&nbsp;Hans-Helmut König,&nbsp;André Hajek","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70244","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.70244","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Existing literature explores the relationship between voluntary work, loneliness, and social isolation, but there is a lack of research on how the onset and cessation of voluntary work relate to loneliness and social isolation among older adults. Many in this population may discontinue volunteering due to various life circumstances, making it important to investigate the longitudinal significance of these transitions. This study aims to assess whether engaging in volunteer work during retirement age is associated with changes in loneliness and social isolation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Longitudinal data were obtained from Waves 5 (Year 2014) and 6 (Year 2017) of the German Ageing Survey, focusing on middle-aged and older adults. The sample size (<i>n</i> = 6628) was limited to those aged 65 and above. Two groups were analyzed: the onset group, individuals who did not volunteer in 2014 but did by 2017 (188 individuals), and the cessation group, those who volunteered in 2014 but not by 2017 (307 individuals). Loneliness was assessed using the De Jong Gierveld tool, and perceived social isolation was measured using the Bude and Lantermann instrument. Asymmetric linear fixed effects (FE) regression analysis examined the associations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In an asymmetric FE regression analysis that adjusted for a multitude of time-varying covariates, an association was shown between the onset of volunteer work and decreases in loneliness (<i>β</i> = −0.07; <i>p</i> = 0.04) in older adults. In contrast, there was no significant association between the onset of voluntary work and changes in perceived social isolation. Also, there was no significant association between the cessation of volunteer work and changes in perceived social isolation or loneliness.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our findings suggest that older adults who choose to volunteer may experience a decrease in self-reported loneliness. Further longitudinal studies are needed to confirm our present findings.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11726694/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142944403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) as a Potential Biomarker in Brain Glioma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"Fatemeh Hasani,&nbsp;Mahdi Masrour,&nbsp;Sina Khamaki,&nbsp;Kimia Jazi,&nbsp;Erfan Ghoodjani,&nbsp;Antonio L. Teixeira","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70266","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.70266","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluates peripheral and CNS BDNF levels in glioma patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Following PRISMA guidelines, we systematically searched databases for studies measuring BDNF in glioma patients and controls. After screening and data extraction, we conducted quality assessment, meta-analysis, and meta-regression.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Eight studies were included. Meta-analysis showed significantly reduced plasma BDNF levels in glioma patients versus controls (SMD: −1.0026; 95% CI: [−1.5284, −0.4769], <i>p</i> = 0.0002). High-grade gliomas had lower plasma BDNF (<i>p</i> = 0.0288). Tissue BDNF levels were higher in glioma patients (SMD: 1.9513; 95% CI: [0.7365, 3.1661], <i>p</i> = 0.0016) and correlated with tumor grade (<i>p</i> = 0.0122). Plasma BDNF levels negatively correlated with patient age (<i>p</i> = 0.0244) and positively with female percentage (<i>p</i> = 0.0007).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>BDNF is a promising biomarker in glioma, showing significant changes in plasma and tissue levels correlating with tumor grade, patient age, and gender.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11726635/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142944484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lesion Topography and Clinical Features Associated With Respiratory Failure in Patients With Medullary Infarction","authors":"Na Zhao,&nbsp;Ran Liu,&nbsp;Yajing Zhang,&nbsp;Ling Ling,&nbsp;Chao Zhang,&nbsp;Ting Zhang,&nbsp;Wei Yue","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70259","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.70259","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Respirator failure (RF) is a severe malignant complication in both lateral medullary infarction (LMI) and medial medullary infarction (MMI) patients. However, the differences in clinical and radiological manifestations associated with RF between patients with LMI and MMI have not been fully elucidated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 435 consecutive patients with MI within 7 days of onset in our institute were retrospectively enrolled from January 2017 to January 2024. Lesions were categorized both rostral-caudally and horizontally, and clinical characteristics were collected to evaluate the correlation between them and RF that occurred within 10 days of stroke onset.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Among the 435 patients, 33 patients developed RF, with 19 exhibiting LMI and 12 exhibiting MMI. Multisegment involvement was more common among LMI patients experiencing RF compared to those without (52.6% vs. 23.9%, <i>p</i> = 0.012). However, this difference was not observed among MMI patients. Large (<i>n</i> = 12, 63.2%, <i>p</i> = 0.014) and typical (<i>n</i> = 6, 31.6%, <i>p</i> = 0.016) lesions were more common among LMI patients with RF. In MMI patients with RF, nine (75.0%) patients had long lesions extending from the ventral to the dorsal medulla, with six of these cases involving bilateral lesions, as V-shape or heart-shape on MRI. Univariate analysis of clinical symptoms revealed that bulbar symptoms, urinary retention, and pulmonary infection were significantly more common in both the LMI and MMI groups with RF.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Specific lesion patterns, such as large and typical infarctions in LMI patients or long lesions, particularly those with bilateral infarctions, as V-shape or heart-shape on MRI in MMI patients, appear to correlate with a higher incidence of RF, while clinical symptoms associated with RF are similar in LMI and MMI.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11710915/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142944374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic Potential of Agmatine in Essential Tremor Through Regulation of Lingo-1 and Inflammatory Pathways","authors":"Zeynab Pirmoradi,&nbsp;Zahra Esmaili,&nbsp;Mohsen Nakhaie,&nbsp;Kristi A. Kohlmeier,&nbsp;Mohammad Shabani,&nbsp;Moazamehosadat Razavinasab,&nbsp;Mehran Ilaghi","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70241","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.70241","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Essential tremor (ET) is a prevalent movement disorder, yet current therapeutic options remain limited. Emerging evidence implicates leucine-rich repeat and immunoglobulin-like domain-containing protein (Lingo-1) and neuroinflammation in the pathophysiology of ET. This study aimed to investigate whether agmatine, a biogenic amine neuromodulator attenuates tremors and modulates the expression of Lingo-1 and proinflammatory markers in a rodent model of ET.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Tremor was induced in male Swiss Webster mice through intraperitoneal injections of harmaline (10 mg/kg) on Days 1, 3, and 5 of the study. During the same period, agmatine (40 mg/kg) was administered for 5 consecutive days. Behavioral assessments of tremor severity, gait, balance, muscular strength, locomotion, anxiety-like behavior, and memory were conducted. Moreover, Lingo-1 and interleukin (IL)-6 gene expression was examined in the cerebellum using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Findings</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our findings demonstrated that agmatine administration significantly reduced tremors, ameliorated anxiety-like behaviors, and attenuated harmaline-induced locomotor deficits. At the molecular level, agmatine treatment significantly suppressed the overexpression of Lingo-1 elicited by harmaline. Moreover, IL-6 expression was attenuated to an extent comparable to control levels.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Collectively, this study provides the first evidence that agmatine dampens tremor severity, improves behavioral outcomes, and modulates key pathways implicated in ET pathogenesis in a rodent model. The ability of agmatine to normalize Lingo-1 and IL-6 expression suggests regulation of these pathways could underlie its neuroprotective action. These results suggest promise for agmatine as a prospective therapeutic agent in ET.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11710932/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142944415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Brain Activation Between Different Modes of Motor Acquisition: A Functional Near-Infrared Study","authors":"Meng-Hsuan Tsou,&nbsp;Pei-Yun Chen,&nbsp;Yi-Ting Hung,&nbsp;Yong-Wei Lim,&nbsp;Shiuan-Ling Huang,&nbsp;Yan-Ci Liu","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70238","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.70238","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Different modes of motor acquisition, including motor execution (ME), motor imagery (MI), action observation (AO), and mirror visual feedback (MVF), are often used when learning new motor behavior and in clinical rehabilitation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The aim of this study was to investigate differences in brain activation during different motor acquisition modes among healthy young adults.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This cross-sectional study recruited 29 healthy young adults. Participants performed a functional reaching and grasping task under ME, MI, AO, and MVF mode with their right arms at a frequency of 0.5 Hz for 1 min per task. Each task was performed three times in a random order. Brain activation in the supplementary motor area (SMA), premotor cortices (PMC), and primary motor cortices (M1) during tasks was measured using functional near-infrared spectroscopy through 16 source-detector channels.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>ME showed significant activation in bilateral PMC, M1, and right SMA, with higher activation in the contralateral M1. MI induced greater activity in the PMC and SMA, particularly in the ipsilateral regions. MVF resulted in significant activation in bilateral PMC, SMA, and M1. AO showed an increasing trend in brain activation, but no significant differences in any channels. Compared to AO, ME and MVF induced significantly greater brain activity in M1.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Activation levels under MI and MVF were comparable to that of ME. MI and MVF induced greater activity in the PMC and SMA, and MVF showed significant activity in all brain areas, especially in the bilateral M1. These findings support the application of different motor acquisition strategies according to individual needs. When ME cannot be executed, such as for individuals with hemiparesis or severe impairments of both upper extremities, MI and MVF may be applied, respectively, to drive neuroplastic changes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11710888/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142944485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative Assessment of Deep Gray Matter Susceptibility and Correlation With Cognition in Patients With Liver Cirrhosis","authors":"Wenjun Wu,&nbsp;Yu Su,&nbsp;Ziji Qin,&nbsp;Jiamin Kang,&nbsp;Dongqiao Xiang,&nbsp;Dingxi Liu,&nbsp;Chuansheng Zheng,&nbsp;E. Mark Haacke,&nbsp;Lixia Wang","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70240","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.70240","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Accumulation of metals quantified by quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) in deep gray matter (DGM) and their impact on cognition have not been studied in patients with liver cirrhosis. This study aims to use QSM to investigate the association between DGM susceptibility and cognition in cirrhotic patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Thirty cirrhotic patients and 30 age-, gender-, and education-matched controls were imaged using a multiecho gradient-echo sequence for QSM analysis in a 3T scanner. The susceptibility values were determined for the caudate nucleus (CN), putamen (PU), globus pallidus (GP), thalamus (TH), red nucleus (RN), substantia nigra (SN), and dentate nucleus (DN). All subjects underwent number connection test A (NCT-A), digit substitution test (DST), and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Comparisons between the two groups and the correlation between the susceptibility values and neuropsychological scores were analyzed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The susceptibility values of bilateral CN, TH, and RN were significantly lower in cirrhotic patients. Cirrhotic patients exhibited significantly prolonged NCT-A time and decreased DST and MoCA scores. The NCT-A, DST, MoCA, and sub-domain scores were correlated with susceptibility values of RN, DN, SN, and CN, respectively. The susceptibility value of the left RN was a predictor variable for the DST, MoCA, and visuospatial–executive scores; those of the right CN and left RN were predictor variables for the naming score, and that of the left SN was an independent predictor variable for the language score.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Altered susceptibility values of DGM measured by QSM are potential quantitative indicators of cognitive impairment in cirrhotic patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11710887/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142944395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neural Determinants of Sedentary Lifestyle in Older Adults: A Brain Network Analysis","authors":"Mohsen Bahrami,&nbsp;Jonathan H Burdette,&nbsp;Paul J Laurienti,&nbsp;Barbara J Nicklas,&nbsp;W Jack Rejeski,&nbsp;Jason Fanning","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70085","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.70085","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The prevalence of sedentary lifestyles (SL), which includes both high volumes of extended sitting behavior and a low volume of steps accumulated across the day, among older adults continues to rise contributing to increases in associated comorbidities and the loss of independence. The social, personal, and economic burdens are enormous. In recognition of the health implications of SL, current public health physical activity guidelines now emphasize the complimentary goals of sitting less by moving more. We recently completed a 6-month weight loss (WL) study followed by 12 months of reduced contact to examine weight regain in older adults with obesity. One of the treatment conditions involved WL + a day-long movement intervention that explicitly targeted reducing sitting time and increasing steps across the day (SitLess).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The goal of the current study, using baseline fMRI and accelerometry data from 36 participants and advanced machine learning tools, was to determine if we could identify complex brain circuits underlying variability associated with changes in sitting time and daily steps during the 6-month intensive phase among participants randomized to the WL + SitLess treatment condition. Models generated from these analyses produced accuracy in predicting pre–post change in both measures that exceeded 92%, suggesting a critical role for the identified brain subnetworks in explaining variability in these outcomes in response to the intervention. The identified networks comprised regions, predominantly in the default mode and sensorimotor networks, that have been extensively linked to self-regulation and decision-making.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Finding</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These results provide insights into the theoretical basis of SL for older adults and in the design of future intervention research.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11710895/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142944376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictive Value of Machine Learning Models for Cerebral Edema Risk in Stroke Patients: A Meta-Analysis","authors":"Qi Deng,&nbsp;Yu Yang,&nbsp;Hongyu Bai,&nbsp;Fei Li,&nbsp;Wenluo Zhang,&nbsp;Rong He,&nbsp;Yuming Li","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70198","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.70198","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Stroke patients are at high risk of developing cerebral edema, which can have severe consequences. However, there are currently few effective tools for early identification or prediction of this risk. As machine learning (ML) is increasingly used in clinical practice, its effectiveness in predicting cerebral edema risk in stroke patients has been explored. Nonetheless, the lack of systematic evidence on its predictive value challenges the update of simple and user-friendly risk assessment tools. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review to evaluate the predictive utility of ML for cerebral edema in stroke patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Database up to February 21, 2024. The risk of bias in selected studies was assessed using a bias assessment tool for predictive models. Meta-analysis synthesized results from validation sets.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We included 22 studies with 25,096 stroke patients and 25 models, which were constructed using common and interpretable clinical features. In the validation cohort, the models achieved a concordance index (c-index) of 0.840 (95% CI: 0.810–0.871) for predicting poststroke cerebral edema, with a sensitivity of 0.76 (95% CI: 0.72–0.79) and a specificity of 0.87 (95% CI: 0.83–0.90).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>ML models are significant in predicting poststroke cerebral edema, providing clinicians with a powerful prognostic tool. However, radiomics-based research was not included. We anticipate advancements in radiomics research to enhance the predictive power of ML for poststroke cerebral edema.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11710891/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142944390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating Neurometabolite Changes in Response to Median Nerve Stimulation","authors":"Mairi S. Houlgreave,&nbsp;Katherine Dyke,&nbsp;Adam Berrington,&nbsp;Stephen R. Jackson","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70250","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.70250","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Rhythmic median nerve stimulation (MNS) at 10 Hz has been shown to cause a substantial reduction in tic frequency in individuals with Tourette syndrome. The mechanism of action is currently unknown but is hypothesized to involve entrainment of oscillations within the sensorimotor cortex.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We used functional magnetic resonance spectroscopy (fMRS) to explore the dynamic effects of MNS on neurometabolite concentrations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Here, we investigated the effects of rhythmic and arrhythmic 10 Hz MNS on glutamate (Glu) and GABA concentrations in the contralateral sensorimotor cortex in 15 healthy controls, using a blocked fMRS design. We used a Mescher–Garwood-semi-localized by adiabatic selective refocusing (MEGA-sLASER) sequence at 7 T.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our results show no difference in the difference-from-baseline measures between the two stimulation conditions. Looking at the effect of MNS over both conditions there is a trend for an initial increase in Glu/tCr (total creatine) followed by a decrease over time, whereas GABA/tCr decreased during each stimulation block.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These results suggest that despite entrainment of oscillations during rhythmic MNS, there are no significant differences in the tonic neuromodulatory effects of rhythmic and arrhythmic stimulation. The reduction in Glu over the course of stimulation may reflect a decrease in the glutamatergic firing due to adaptation. This may make it less likely that an involuntary movement is generated during continuous stimulation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11710890/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142944371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Atrial Fibrillation and Oral Anticoagulation Status in Health-Related Quality of Life 12 Months After Ischemic Stroke or TIA","authors":"Manuel C. Olma,&nbsp;Lena Steindorf-Sabath,&nbsp;Serdar Tütüncü,&nbsp;Claudia Kunze,&nbsp;Cornelia Fiessler,&nbsp;Paulus Kirchhof,&nbsp;Joanna Dietzel,&nbsp;Johannes Schurig,&nbsp;Patrick Oschmann,&nbsp;Ludwig Niehaus,&nbsp;Christian Urbanek,&nbsp;Götz Thomalla,&nbsp;Darius G. Nabavi,&nbsp;Joachim Röther,&nbsp;Ulrich Laufs,&nbsp;Roland Veltkamp,&nbsp;Peter U. Heuschmann,&nbsp;Karl Georg Haeusler,&nbsp;Matthias Endres,&nbsp;for the MonDAFIS Investigators","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70248","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.70248","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Atrial fibrillation (AF) accounts for about 20% of all ischemic strokes worldwide. It is known that AF impairs health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in the general population, but data on HRQOL in stroke patients with newly diagnosed AF are sparse.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Post hoc analysis of the prospective, investigator-initiated, multicenter MonDAFIS study (NCT02204267) to analyze whether AF-related oral anticoagulation (OAC), and/or AF-symptom severity are associated with HRQOL after ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA). HRQOL was measured using the EQ-5D-3L-questionnaire (including EQ-index/EQ-VAS) at baseline and after 12 months using multivariable linear mixed models. AF symptom severity was assessed using the European Heart Rhythm Association classification and symptom severity score (EHRA score) categorizing patients with no/mild/severe/disabling AF-related symptoms.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A first episode of AF was detected in 261/2927 (8.9%) patients within 12 months after the index stroke and 227/2920 (7.8%) patients had AF and were anticoagulated at 12 months. HRQOL (measured by EQ-index, <i>n</i> = 2495 patients) was higher in AF patients on OAC compared to AF patients without OAC at 12 months after stroke (mean difference: MD: –16.8, 95% CI: 5.6 to 28.0), and similar in AF patients under OAC compared with patients without AF (MD: 2.0, 95% CI: –2.2 to 6.3). AF-related symptoms were negatively associated with HRQOL (measured by EQ-index) indicating that stroke patients with AF-related symptoms had a lower HRQOL compared to asymptomatic AF patients (mild vs. asymptomatic: MD: –9.0, 95% CI: –17.7 to –0.3; severe/disabling vs. asymptomatic: MD: –19.1, 95% CI: –34.7 to –3.4).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Stroke patients with newly diagnosed AF are at risk of lower quality of life at 12 months, depending on OAC status and AF symptom severity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11710889/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142944410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}