Brain and Behavior最新文献

{"title":"White-Matter Structural Connectivity and Alzheimer's Disease: A Mendelian Randomization Study","authors":"Siyu Liu,&nbsp;Daoying Geng","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70286","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Alzheimer's disease (AD) and white-matter structural connectivity have been linked in some observational studies, although it is unknown if this is a causal relationship. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of various white-matter structural connectivity on AD via a two-sample multivariate Mendelian randomization (MR) approach.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The genome-wide association study (GWAS) of Wainberg et al. provided the summary data on white-matter structural connectivity, and Bellenguez et al.’s study provided the GWAS aggregated data for AD. MR methods included inverse variance weighted, Mendelian randomization Egger, simple mode, weighted median, and weighted mode. Heterogeneity, horizontal pleiotropy, and “leave-one-out” analysis guaranteed the robustness of causation. Finally, reverse MR analysis was conducted on the white-matter structural connectivity that showed positive results in the forward MR analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Among 206 white-matter structural connections, we identified 10 connections were strongly correlated with genetic susceptibility to AD. Right-hemisphere limbic network to thalamus white-matter structural connectivity and Right-hemisphere salience_ventral attention network to accumbens white-matter structural connectivity were positively correlated with the likelihood of AD, while the remaining 8 white-matter structural connections were negatively related with AD. None of the above 10 white-matter structural connections have a reverse causal relationship with AD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our MR study reveals a certain degree of association between white-matter structural connectivity and AD, which may provide support for future diagnosis and treatment of AD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70286","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143379986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Population-Based Norms for the Montreal Cognitive Assessment in Arab Adults","authors":"Iman Amro,&nbsp;Aisha M. Al Hamadi,&nbsp;Alaa A. El Salem,&nbsp;Tawanda Chivese,&nbsp;Stacy S. Wilkins,&nbsp;Salma M. Khaled","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70287","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is a brief screening instrument for detecting mild cognitive dysfunction, a precursor to many cognitive disorders, such as dementia, which have increased in prevalence globally. Qatar, a small high-income country, has the largest projected increase in dementia of any country in the Middle East. Yet no population-based norms for cognitive function are available to date.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>As part of the first national cross-sectional study of mental health, a total of 395 Qatari and non-Qatari Arabs, 18–74 years of age, were evaluated face-to-face using the Arabic version of the original MoCA (version 7.1). We computed raw and demographically (gender, age in years, and four education categories) adjusted scores for the overall MoCA test and six domains (visuospatial, executive function, attention, language, delayed memory, and orientation). The percentile ranking of raw and adjusted normative (<i>z</i>) scores was computed. The 5th percentile ranking was used to derive potential cut-offs for the overall test and the six related domains.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Female gender, older age, and lower levels of education were associated with poorer overall test scores. The following MoCA overall test and domains cut-off scores (rounded to the nearest integer) were identified: MoCA (22), visuospatial (2), executive (2.5), attention (4), language (4), and delayed memory (3).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>On the basis of our population-based data, scores below these 5th percentile cut-offs may warrant further testing and clinical follow-up for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in otherwise healthy Arab adults.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70287","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143380069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibody Responses to EBV and Toxoplasma and Their Genetic Links to Guillain–Barré Syndrome: A Mendelian Randomization Study","authors":"Xiangjia Qi,&nbsp;Liqian Gao,&nbsp;Lifeng Qi","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70298","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aims to investigate the potential causal relationship between antibody-mediated immune responses to infectious agents and Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) using a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Publicly available summary data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were utilized for comprehensive analysis. A genome-wide and human leukocyte antigen association study conducted by Guillaume Butler-Laporte et al. (<i>n</i> = 9724) examined 46 types of antibody-mediated immune responses. GWAS summary statistics for GBS were obtained from the FinnGen consortium (<i>n</i> = 215,931) comprising European populations. The primary method for MR analysis was the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method. Various sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess the heterogeneity and pleiotropy of the findings.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The IVW method indicates a negative correlation between elevated levels of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) viral capsid antigen (VCA) p18 antibody and the risk of GBS (OR = 0.79, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.65–1.85, <i>p</i> = 0.012). Elevated levels of <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> surface antigen 1 (sag1) antibody also show a negative correlation with the risk of GBS (OR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.67–0.92, <i>p</i> = 0.003). No evidence of heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy was found in the MR analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Elevated levels of EBV VCA p18 and <i>T. gondii</i> sag1 antibodies appear to be negatively correlated with the risk of GBS, suggesting that immune responses to these pathogens may play a protective role. However, the CI for the EBV VCA p18 association includes 1, indicating the need for caution in interpreting this result. Further research, including mechanistic studies and broader immune profiling, is needed to confirm these findings and explore the underlying pathways.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70298","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143380165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis: Impact on Public Health, Current Insights, and Future Perspectives","authors":"Zainab Mubbashir,&nbsp;Zoaib Habib Tharwani,&nbsp;Tilyan Kambar,&nbsp;Sadia Munawar,&nbsp;Ozem Raphael,&nbsp;Iman Siddiqui,&nbsp;Syeda Ayesha Nadeem,&nbsp;Ayesha Amir,&nbsp;Amina Ahmed,&nbsp;Muhammad Daim Bin Zafar,&nbsp;Muhammad Umair Anjum,&nbsp;Muhammad Hasanain,&nbsp;Abdullah Malikzai","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70292","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis (SSPE) is a rare complication of the measles infection. SSPE is a chronic disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that causes encephalitis, leading to the demyelination of neurons in the brain. It affects the brain in 9 months or less and hence subacute, causing encephalitis and lesions in the entire brain, so the term panencephalitis is used.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A comprehensive literature search was conducted using the databases PubMed and Google Scholar starting in April 2024, and all relevant articles were extracted for this review.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A recent surge in SSPE cases in developed countries has been reported. This has been attributed to reduced vaccination, aggravated by misinformation and a decline in immunization after the COVID-19 pandemic. SSPE is a progressive and relatively rare neurological complication of measles, which almost always results in a vegetative state followed by death. It typically presents 10 years following exposure to measles. Manifestations of SSPE are divided into four stages that range from general personality changes to coma. Complications include ocular pathology and eventual blindness, as well as psychiatric illnesses. Treatment options for SSPE include symptomatic control with antiepileptic drugs, interferon combined treatment, vitamin A, ribavirin, and a ketogenic diet for disease modification.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The only prevention for SPPE is through vaccination. Several collaborative efforts have been made with WHO to improve surveillance and increase vaccination, but still many challenges prevail. Better prevention strategies and improved treatment outcomes can only be achieved by enhancing healthcare access, improving public awareness, analyzing community-based data, and studying the genetic and molecular associations of measles and SSPE.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70292","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143380479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Effects of Cerebellar tDCS on Brain Connectivity Using Resting-State fMRI","authors":"Beatriz Catoira,&nbsp;Debora Lombardo,&nbsp;Stefanie De Smet,&nbsp;Raquel Guiomar,&nbsp;Peter Van Schuerbeek,&nbsp;Hubert Raeymaekers,&nbsp;Natacha Deroost,&nbsp;Frank Van Overwalle,&nbsp;Chris Baeken","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70302","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The cerebellum's role extends beyond motor control, impacting various cognitive functions. A growing body of evidence supports the idea that the cerebellum optimizes performance across cognitive domains, suggesting critical connectivity with the neocortex. This study investigates how cerebellar transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) targeting the right Crus II region modulates functional brain connectivity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using a within-subject design, 21 healthy participants underwent both sham and anodal cerebellar tDCS at 2 mA during 20 min of concurrent resting-state fMRI sessions. Data was preprocessed, and connectivity changes were examined using seed-to-voxel analysis. Given the potential impact of cerebellar dysfunctions on symptoms associated with autism spectrum disorders, we also assessed how individual autism quotient (AQ) scores might influence cerebellar functional connectivity. Moreover, electrical field simulations were computed for each participant to explore the effects of individual differences.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Findings</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Results indicated increased functional connectivity between the cerebellar Crus II and the right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) during active tDCS compared to sham stimulation. The IFG (part of the Action Observation Network) plays a crucial role in understanding the actions and intentions of others, implicating the cerebellum in higher-order cognitive processes. In addition, linear mixed-effects models revealed an interaction between electric field strength and AQ scores, suggesting that functional connectivity changes are based on individual psychobiological differences.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cerebellar tDCS significantly altered functional brain connectivity, particularly between the cerebellar Crus II and the IFG, both involved in social cognition. These findings contribute to our understanding of the cerebellum's role beyond motor control, highlighting its impact on cognitive and social processes and its potential for therapeutic applications, such as autism spectrum disorders.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70302","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143380167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Pregnancy: Efficacy, Safety, and Future Implications for Perinatal Mental Health Care","authors":"Serena Angeline,&nbsp;Babangida Tiyatiye,&nbsp;Wole Akosile","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70304","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has gained interest as a treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD). However, the literature on its efficacy and safety for pregnant patients with MDD is limited. This article reviews and appraises available studies on TMS in pregnant women with MDD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We reviewed randomized controlled trials and open-label studies on TMS in pregnant women with MDD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Studies indicate that TMS is a safe and effective treatment for MDD during pregnancy, showing significant reductions in depression scores and increased response and remission rates compared to sham TMS. TMS was well tolerated with minimal side effects.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Larger, multicenter trials are needed to develop evidence-based protocols for TMS use in pregnancy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70304","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143380168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Interplay Between Self-Identity, Affective Style, Emotion Regulation, and Anxiety: Based on Bayesian Network Model","authors":"Ruizhi Huang,&nbsp;Huiqing Shen,&nbsp;Ye Yuan,&nbsp;Ke Jiang,&nbsp;Zhilin Wang","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70290","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to explore the complex relationships between self-identity, affective style, emotion regulation, and intolerance of uncertainty (IU) in predicting anxiety. A model was proposed to integrate these factors, investigating their combined influence on anxiety.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Involving 608 university students who completed self-report measures of self-identity, affective style, emotion regulation, IU, and anxiety. Network analysis and Bayesian network modeling were used to identify direct and mediating effects among these variables.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Network analysis revealed that self-identity, affective style, and IU directly predicted trait anxiety, with adjusting affective style emerging as a central factor. Bayesian network modeling further showed that IU and affective style mediated the impact of self-identity on anxiety. Notably, emotion regulation did not mediate the relationship between affective style and anxiety, suggesting a possible spurious correlation. The model achieved a predictive accuracy of 90.13% for trait anxiety and 88.49% for state anxiety.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The findings highlight the central role of self-identity in anxiety interventions, while also emphasizing the importance of addressing affective styles and IU. The results suggest that emotion regulation strategies alone may not directly reduce anxiety, indicating a need for more comprehensive clinical approaches.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70290","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143380478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mediation Effect of CSF Substance P on the Association Between Smoking and Sleep","authors":"Xie Zhang,&nbsp;Lingling Chen,&nbsp;Yuyu Wu,&nbsp;Yu-Hsin Chen,&nbsp;Xingguang Luo,&nbsp;Zeping Xu,&nbsp;Weiming Hu,&nbsp;Yimin Kang,&nbsp;Li Chen,&nbsp;Yanlong Liu,&nbsp;Fan Wang,&nbsp;Danhui Liu","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70296","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cigarette smoking has been linked to severe and persistent sleep disturbances alongside notable fluctuations in neuropeptide levels. Substance P (SubP), influenced by smoking, also impacts sleep-wake cycles. However, its specific role in smoking-induced sleep disorders remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the connection between cigarette smoking and sleep quality by examining SubP levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and identifying potential treatment avenues for sleep disorders.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 146 Chinese men (93 nonsmokers, 53 active smokers) undergoing lumbar puncture before anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction were enrolled. Clinical data and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scores were assessed, followed by CSF sample collection and CSF SubP level measurement.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Active smokers exhibited significantly higher PSQI scores (4.02 ± 2.27 vs. 2.60 ± 2.46, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and CSF SubP levels (2111 ± 212 vs. 1821 ± 289, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) compared to nonsmokers. A negative correlation (<i>r</i> = −0.434, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) between SubP levels and PSQI scores was observed in all participants and nonsmokers, while no correlation (<i>r</i> = −0.044, <i>p</i> = 0.72) was found in active smokers. Logistic regression analysis across different dimensions of sleep disorders indicated associations between CSF SubP levels and sleep quality as well as daytime dysfunction (OR = 0.439 (0.211–0.891), <i>p</i> = 0.025; OR = 0.308 (0.152–0.608), <i>p</i> = 0.001). Mediation analysis suggested that CSF SubP levels mediated the relationship between smoking and sleep.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>CSF SubP levels are elevated in active smokers and appear to play a mediating role in the relationship between smoking and sleep regulation, as evidenced by a negative correlation between CSF SubP levels and PSQI scores.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70296","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143380401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association Between Cognitive Impairment and Dysphagia: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study","authors":"Yueqin Tian,&nbsp;Jiahui Hu,&nbsp;Qianqian Wang,&nbsp;Jia Qiao,&nbsp;Hongmei Wen,&nbsp;Qiuping Ye,&nbsp;Zulin Dou","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70295","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Previous observational studies have implied a correlation between cognitive impairment and dysphagia, but some have indicated no correlation between the two. Such contradictory findings may have been influenced by small sample sizes and potential confounders. In this Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis, we genetically estimated a causal relationship between cognitive impairment and dysphagia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study included a large meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of cognitive impairment in 269,867 individuals of European ancestry and pooled data from a GWAS of dysphagia in 165,765 individuals of European ancestry (cases 3497, controls 161,968). We then used five different complementary MR methods, including IVW, MR-Egger, MR-RAPS, weighted median, and weighted mean, to estimate causality between cognitive impairment and dysphagia and finally also assessed heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy by extensive sensitivity tests.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>No evidence of heterogeneity in the effect of instrumental variables was found in Cochran's <i>Q</i> test; therefore, a fixed effects model was used. IVW analysis (OR: 1.206, 95% CI: [1.041, 1.371], <i>p</i> = 0.00508) found that cognitive impairment was associated with an increased risk of dysphagia and that there was a causal association between the two. Also, the weighted median (OR: 1.248, 95% CI: [1.012, 1.484], <i>p</i> = 0.0253), weighted mode (OR: 1.216, 95% CI: [1.043, 1.389], <i>p</i> = 0.0412), and MR-RAPS (OR: 1.225, 95% CI: [1.069, 1.381], <i>p</i> = 0.00627) validated the conclusions. Furthermore, extensive sensitivity analyses found no evidence of heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy, confirming the reliability of this MR result.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our MR study demonstrated a causal effect of cognitive impairment on dysphagia from a genetic perspective, suggesting that individuals with a history of cognitive impairment require specific clinical attention to prevent the development of dysphagia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70295","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143380481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing Sleep Disorder Management in Hospitalized Patients: Practical Approach for Healthcare Providers","authors":"Ghazal Roostaei,&nbsp;Niloofar Khoshnam Rad,&nbsp;Besharat Rahimi,&nbsp;Alireza Asgari,&nbsp;Shima Mosalanejad,&nbsp;Hossein Kazemizadeh,&nbsp;Maryam Edalatifard,&nbsp;Hamidreza Abtahi","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70282","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To provide a comprehensive review of sleep disturbances in hospitalized patients, focusing on a case-based approach to illustrate the multifaceted nature of this clinical challenge.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>An extensive review of related literature was conducted to determine the common causes of sleep disturbances in hospitalized patients, such as environmental, medical, psychological, and physiological factors. The case of Mrs. Z was used to illustrate how these factors interact in a clinical setting.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Findings</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study revealed a high prevalence of sleep disturbances in hospitalized patients, which can lead to significant adverse outcomes. A multidisciplinary approach involving physicians, nurses, pharmacists, and other healthcare professionals is essential to effectively manage sleep disorders due to the interplay of various factors. Nonpharmacological interventions are fundamental to a comprehensive sleep management plan. Pharmacotherapy may sometimes be necessary to improve sleep quality and duration.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Health professionals can significantly enhance the sleep quality of hospitalized piatients by understanding the value of sleep and providing evidence-based strategies for improvement. In return, this improves patient outcomes, reduces healthcare costs, and advances general patient satisfaction.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70282","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143379985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}