Brain and Behavior最新文献

{"title":"A Single Session of tDCS Stimulation Can Modulate an EEG Microstate Associated With Anxiety in Patients With Depression","authors":"Keiichiro Nishida,&nbsp;Shota Minami,&nbsp;Tomonari Yamane,&nbsp;Satsuki Ueda,&nbsp;Banri Tsukuda,&nbsp;Shunichiro Ikeda,&nbsp;Daisuke Haruna,&nbsp;Masafumi Yoshimura,&nbsp;Tetsufumi Kanazawa,&nbsp;Thomas Koenig","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70580","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Microstate analysis involves examining the temporal dynamics of electroencephalogram (EEG) signals and serves as a crucial method for exploring the neural basis of psychiatric disorders. This study investigates the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on specific microstate parameter maps-D and C in patients with depression, specifically targeting the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (DMPFC) and left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conducted an open-label, between-subject, crossover trial involving 19 patients clinically diagnosed with depression. A 1 mA electrical current was administered, with anodal stimulation specifically targeting the DMPFC or the left DLPFC. Microstate maps were derived from resting-state EEG recordings obtained prior to and following the application of tDCS. The EEG data were categorized into five distinct microstate classes for subsequent analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Findings</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The findings revealed a significant increase in the duration of microstate class D following stimulation in both groups, while microstate class C exhibited no notable changes. Additionally, a significant association was identified between the transition from microstate D to C and alterations in the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-State (STAI-S) scores after left DLPFC stimulation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Microstate map D appears to be associated with psychiatric disorders and executive functions, whereas map C may relate to the salience network and mind-wandering. Our findings suggest that microstate maps D and C are responsive to tDCS stimuli, indicating their potential as objective tools for anxiety assessment. Employing transition-focused parameters in EEG microstate analysis may enhance the tracking of rapidly fluctuating emotional states, rather than relying solely on duration metrics. Furthermore, the integration of non-invasive brain stimulation techniques, such as tDCS, with EEG microstate analysis holds significant promise for elucidating the neural mechanisms involved in depression.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Trial Registration</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>UMIN-CTR Clinical Trial: UMIN000015046</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70580","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infralimbic GABAergic May be the Target of Asiaticoside on Alleviating Bone Cancer Pain","authors":"Xin Li,&nbsp;Jiayu Tong,&nbsp;Xinru Yuan,&nbsp;Xiaoxuan Zhang,&nbsp;Haonan Yu,&nbsp;Chunlei Xing,&nbsp;Jingxiang Wu,&nbsp;Yuwei Qiu,&nbsp;Xingji You","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70555","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Bone cancer pain (BCP), characterized by neuropathic and inflammatory components due to bone metastasis and immune responses, remains a significant clinical challenge. Asiaticoside (AS), an active compound derived from <i>Centella asiatica</i>, exhibits diverse pharmacological properties and holds promise for BCP treatment. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms underlying AS-mediated pain relief.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>By analyzing the expression of the activity-induced immediate-early gene c-Fos and performing whole-brain mapping to identify activated regions after the treatment of AS. Chemogenetic approaches were employed to selectively activate or inhibit glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons in the IL region.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our findings revealed that the infralimbic cortex (IL) plays a critical role in AS-induced analgesia. Further analysis demonstrated that GABAergic neurons, rather than glutamatergic neurons, were predominantly activated in the IL region, suggesting their involvement in pain alleviation. Moreover, AS significantly alleviated BCP by activating GABAergic neurons, while their inhibition attenuated the analgesic effect. In contrast, modulation of glutamatergic neurons had no significant impact on pain relief. These findings indicate that GABAergic neurons in the IL are essential for the antinociceptive effects of AS.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In conclusion, our study demonstrates that AS alleviates BCP by selectively targeting GABAergic neurons in the infralimbic cortex, providing a potential therapeutic strategy for managing BCP. This work highlights the importance of GABAergic signaling in pain modulation and offers new insights into the development of targeted therapies for cancer-induced pain.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70555","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Latent Default Mode Network Connectivity Patterns: Associations With Sleep Health and Adolescent Psychopathology","authors":"Linhao Zhang,&nbsp;Charles Geier,&nbsp;Ellen House,&nbsp;Assaf Oshri","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70579","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The present study examined default mode network (DMN) neural connectivity patterns among adolescents. Next, we tested two critical markers of sleep health—duration and efficiency, in predicting neural connectivity patterns. Last, we investigated the latent DMN profiles’ predictive utility of internalizing and externalizing symptoms in youth.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study included 2811 youth (47.8% female; mean age = 11.94) enrolled in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study. Sleep duration and efficiency were objectively measured via Fitbit wearable's (mean number of nights = 14.13). Latent profile analysis identified neural connectivity profiles within the DMN and between other networks (fronto-parietal, salience, ventral attention, and dorsal attention). Parents reported the youth's psychopathology symptoms.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Four DMN profiles were empirically identified: (1) moderate; (2) low within and high between; (3) high within and low between; and (4) high within and high between. Youth with shorter sleep duration were more likely to be classified as low within and high between subgroup. Youth with lower sleep efficiency were more likely to be classified as the high within and low between subgroup. There were between-group differences in externalizing problems one year later.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our findings highlight unique neural patterns in youth and their associations with sleep and psychopathology. The results will inform clinical practice and preventive programming that attempts to address the crisis in youth mental health through a focus on mitigating sleep problems in youth.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70579","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations Between Cortical Iron Accumulation and Memory in Patients With Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment and in Cognitively Normal Individuals","authors":"Subin Lee,&nbsp;Suhyeon Lee,&nbsp;Ina Park,&nbsp;Yeonsil Moon,&nbsp;Younghee Yim,&nbsp;Jongho Lee,&nbsp;June Sic Kim,&nbsp;Won-Jin Moon","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70521","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Brain iron accumulation is recognized as a cause and therapeutic target in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We investigated the differences in both volume and iron accumulation between cognitively normal (CN) older adults and patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). Additionally, we assessed which combination of these measures best explains the group differences in visual and verbal memory performance.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We retrospectively analyzed data from 48 patients with aMCI and 33 age-matched CN individuals. Structural differences were investigated using voxel-based comparisons of T1-weighted magnetic resonance images. Differences in iron accumulation were investigated using voxel-based comparisons of quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) images. Subsequently, significant clusters from these voxel-based analyses (amygdala, posterior cingulate cortex, precuneus, lateral occipital cortex, and pericalcarine cortex) were entered into a stepwise regression to predict verbal and visual memory scores, while accounting for age, sex, and education as covariates.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In comparison to CN, patients with aMCI had significantly lower scores in both verbal and visual memory tests (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). The T1-weighted voxel-based morphometry (VBM) results showed significant hippocampal atrophy in the aMCI group relative to CN individuals. The QSM-VBM results showed increased iron accumulation in the amygdala, posterior cingulate cortex, precuneus, lateral occipital cortex, and pericalcarine cortex (FWE-corrected <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Lower hippocampal volume (<i>B</i> = 2015.91, SE = 469.61, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and higher posterior cingulate cortex susceptibility (<i>B</i> = –189.63 SE = 89.11, <i>p</i> = 0.037) were significant predictors of verbal memory. For visual memory, higher lateral occipital susceptibility (<i>B</i> = –659. 96, SE = 253.03, <i>p</i> = 0.011) was significant imaging predictor.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These results suggest that iron accumulates in regions where atrophy has not yet occurred, suggesting that iron may serve as an earlier imaging marker of neurodegeneration compared to volume atrophy. Further studies are needed to investigate the longitudinal relationship between brain volume and iron accumulation during cognitive decline.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70521","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to “Evaluation of Nanocurcumin Effects on Depressive-Like Behaviors in Rats and Determination of Serum BDNF and Serotonin Levels”","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70523","url":null,"abstract":"<p>J. M. Hadipour, H. Charousaei, and A. Charousaei. “Evaluation of Nanocurcumin Effects on Depressive-Like Behaviors in Rats and Determination of Serum BDNF and Serotonin Levels,” <i>Brain and Behavior</i> 15, no. 2 (2025): e70320.</p><p>In the published version of this article, the affiliation of the first author, Mahsa Hadipour Jahromy, was listed incorrectly (It appears that the original listing used the surname “Jahromi” instead of the correct “Jahromy”).</p><p>The correct affiliation is:</p><p>Herbal Pharmacology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran</p><p>We apologize for this error.</p>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70523","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictive Value of the Early Spontaneous Movements for Preterm Infants’ Neurodevelopmental Outcome at 12 Months’ Corrected Age","authors":"Ayse Yildiz,&nbsp;Ramazan Yildiz,&nbsp;Umut Apaydin,&nbsp;Pelin Atalan Efkere,&nbsp;Rabia Zorlular,&nbsp;Bulent Elbasan","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70562","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Motor, cognitive, behavioral, and sensory problems may be seen in preterm infants. Early spontaneous movements' role in these developmental areas has yet to be sufficiently investigated. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the Motor Optimality Score-Revised (MOS-R) in predicting motor, cognitive, language, and sensory developmental outcomes in premature infants.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Forty preterm children were examined. Early spontaneous movements were evaluated using the General Movement Assessment (GMA), which detects the MOS-R. Infants' language, cognitive, and motor development were assessed using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition (Bayley-III). Sensory development was evaluated using the Test of Sensory Functions in Infants (TSFI).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The mean score for the MOS-R was 23.13 ± 4.6. Most infants (<i>n</i> = 31, 77.5%) showed typical fidgety movements. The sensitivity of the MOS-R for determining motor, cognitive, and language development at 12 corrected months was 86.7%, 80%, and 82%, respectively, and the specificity was 71.4%, 100%, and 100%, respectively. MOS-R scores did not predict sensory development outcomes (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05)</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>At three months, the MOS-R demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity in detecting motor, cognitive, and language functions in preterm infants at 12 months corrected age.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70562","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental Autoimmune Neuritis Nerve Demyelination Is Attenuated by Blocking JAK2/STAT3 Signaling Pathway in Rats","authors":"Rumeng Zhou,&nbsp;Shuping Liu,&nbsp;Yue Liu,&nbsp;Yin Liu,&nbsp;Rong Fu,&nbsp;Jiajia Yao,&nbsp;Zuneng Lu","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70566","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Background&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Guillain‒Barré syndrome (GBS) is an immune-mediated peripheral neuropathy in which inflammatory cells and cytokines participate. The JAK-STAT signaling pathway is a major pathway involved in cytokine signal transduction, but the role of this pathway in GBS is not clear. AG490 is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor that specifically inhibits JAK2 activity and downregulates STAT3 phosphorylation. The aim of this study was to investigate the function of the JAK2/STAT3 pathway in a rat model of experimental autoimmune neuritis (EAN).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Lewis rats were divided into three groups: the control, the EAN, and the AG490 groups. The EAN and AG490 groups were immunized with P2 peptide to create the EAN models, while the control group received an equal volume of vehicle solution without P2 peptide. Starting from Day 5 post-immunization (PI), the AG490 group was administered AG490 (10 mg/kg) every other day, while the control and EAN groups received an equal volume of vehicle solution without AG490. All rats were weighed and evaluated according to the EAN function score (1–10) by two investigators. Rats were sacrificed on Day 16 PI, and the sciatic nerves were examined by light microscopy, indirect immunohistochemistry, and western blotting.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;AG490-treated rats had improved clinical scores compared with those of EAN rats. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&amp;E) and CD45 staining showed significant inflammatory infiltration of the sciatic nerve in the EAN group compared with the control group, and demonstrated reduced inflammatory infiltration in the AG490 group. Luxol fast blue (LFB) staining showed a reduction of myelin loss in the AG490 group compared with the EAN group. The levels of TGF-β1, IFN-γ, and IL-6 increased in the EAN group and showed a significant decrease in rats treated with AG490. The JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathway was activated in EAN rats, and the AG490 group showed decreased expression levels of JAK2, p-JAK2, and p-STAT3 compared with those of the EAN group. Immunofluorescence also showed a decrease in the levels of p-JAK2 and p-STAT3 in the sciatic nerve of EAN rats.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway is involved in the pathogenesis of EAN, and inhibition of this pathway can reduce the inflammatory response in EAN rats. Despite the limitations in extrapolating EAN findings to human GBS, this study provided new insights into the pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets of human GBS","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70566","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cenobamate in Real-Word Scenario: Results on Efficacy, Side Effects, and Retention Rate in a Single Center Retrospective Study","authors":"Mostafa Badr,&nbsp;Christoph Helmstaedter,&nbsp;Susanna Moskau-Hartmann,&nbsp;Jan Pukropski,&nbsp;Juri-Alexander Witt,&nbsp;Theodor Rüber,&nbsp;Karmele Olaciregui Dague,&nbsp;Tobias Baumgartner,&nbsp;Michael Rademacher,&nbsp;Rainer Surges,&nbsp;Randi von Wrede","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70567","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Pharmacoresistance imposes a high burden on people with epilepsy (PWE). Recently authorized cenobamate (CNB) offers new hope with high efficacy reported in phase III and early real-world studies. Here, we present data from a reasonably sized monocentric cohort, complementing the knowledge derived from clinical practice.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We retrospectively analyzed medical records of all PWE treated with CNB from market entry to July 31, 2023.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>After an average of 1.1 years, follow-up data were available for 262 out of 280 PWE, who received at least one dose of CNB. The average CNB dose was 183 ± 98 mg/d, with a mean number of anti-seizure medications (ASM) of 2.9 ± 1 per patient. A total of 36% of the patients showed ≥ 50% reduction in seizure frequency (10.7% were seizure-free), whilst 12.3% reported increased seizure frequency. Seizure freedom was associated with concomitant perampanel or GABA receptor modulators. No predictors of treatment response were found. Side effects were reported by 38%, alertness issues being most prevalent (19%). The retention rate amounted to 72% and was associated with response status, dose of CNB, side effects, and age at CNB introduction. Among those who discontinued CNB, 55% experienced side effects and 89% showed no meaningful seizure reduction. Regarding co-medication, the withdrawal of lamotrigine, brivaracetam, clobazam, or lacosamide was associated with higher rates of non-response.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this large cohort of 262 PWE, CNB proved very efficient with a high retention rate over one year. Co-medication with perampanel or GABA receptor modulators was linked to seizure-freedom. The overall positive impression of CNB is further supported.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70567","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visual Modulation of Acoustic Reflex Measurements: Insights Into Sensory Integration","authors":"Aysun Parlak Kocabay,&nbsp;Aysegul Esdogan,&nbsp;Aysenur Aykul Yagcioglu","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70574","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The aim was to investigate the impact of visual tasks on acoustic reflex thresholds (ARTs) and AR latencies (ARLs) during AR measurements.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 31 participants (17 female, 14 male; mean age: 20.3 ± 1.8 years) with normal hearing and Type A tympanograms were included. ARTs and latencies were measured using a 226 Hz probe tone under five distinct conditions: (1) resting with no visual task, (2) eyes comfortably closed, (3) fixed gaze on a stationary object, (4) saccadic eye movements, and (5) optokinetic eye movements. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA with Bonferroni correction applied for post hoc comparisons.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>ARTs were significantly lower in the condition of eyes closed compared to fixed gaze, at both 1 and 2 kHz (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). ARLs at 500 Hz were significantly shorter in the condition of fixed gaze compared to saccadic eye movements (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). A significant interaction between frequency and condition was observed for ARTs, indicating frequency-specific modulation by visual tasks, whereas no significant frequency and condition interaction was found for ARLs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Visual tasks have a measurable effect on ARTs and latencies, likely due to cross-modal interactions between the auditory and visual systems. These results highlight the importance of standardizing visual and attentional conditions during clinical AR testing. Further research is warranted to elucidate the underlying neural mechanisms and their clinical implications.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70574","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Venous Bicarbonate as a Prognostic Biomarker and Proposed Proxy for Vital Capacity to Be Used as an Eligibility Criterion in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Clinical Trials","authors":"Juliette Foucher,&nbsp;Therese Wellander,&nbsp;Anikó Lovik,&nbsp;Linn Öijerstedt,&nbsp;Alexander Juto,&nbsp;Fang Fang,&nbsp;Caroline Ingre","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70570","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Clinical trials for people living with ALS (pALS) all list vital capacity (VC) as an important eligibility criterion. However, VC measures are challenging to perform among pALS, especially bulbar pALS. Additionally, since the disease rapidly changes, the VC can change in a short duration of time, making it unreliable.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective:</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We aimed to investigate the association of venous bicarbonate with VC as an alternative criterion for trial eligibility. We also wanted to examine whether venous bicarbonate could be used as a prognostic biomarker for survival in ALS.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods:</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We included pALS from the Swedish ALS/MND Registry between January 1, 2019 and July 31, 2022. pALS had to have serum bicarbonate values and ALSFRS-R available close to diagnosis. Spearman correlations, Kaplan–Meier curves, and Cox proportional hazard regressions were used to assess the associations of venous bicarbonate with VC, other clinical characteristics, and survival.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results:</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Among the 117 pALS included in the study, we observed a negative correlation between venous bicarbonate and VC among spinal and bulbar pALS (<i>ρ</i> = −0.346, <i>p</i> = 0.002 and <i>ρ</i> = −0.367, <i>p</i> = 0.024, respectively). Venous bicarbonate negatively correlated with ALSFRS-R (<i>ρ</i> = −0.377, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), specifically among bulbar pALS (<i>ρ</i> = −0.595, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), but positively correlated with KING's stage (<i>ρ</i> = 0.248, <i>p</i> = 0.007). High level of venous bicarbonate appeared to be associated with shorter survival.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions:</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Venous bicarbonate appears to be a prognostic biomarker for survival among pALS. This cheap and easily accessible measure could potentially be an alternative for VC as an eligibility criterion in ALS trials.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70570","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}