Brain and Behavior最新文献

{"title":"Neuroprotective Role of AQP4 Knockdown in Astrocytes After Oxygen–Glucose Deprivation","authors":"Xin Xing,&nbsp;Shuyan Zhang","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70107","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.70107","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Aquaporin-4 (AQP4), predominantly expressed in astrocytes, has been implicated in the development of brain edema following ischemic events. However, its role in post-stroke neuroinflammation is not fully understood.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) mouse model, we assessed AQP4's role in post-stroke inflammation. Brain tissue slices from male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to immunohistochemistry and western blot post-MCAO. Additionally, primary astrocytes were isolated for quantitative real-time PCR and immunofluorescence assays to evaluate the expression of inflammatory markers glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and AQP4. AQP4 modulation was achieved using viral knockdown and overexpression methods. Neuronal damage was assessed using flow cytometry and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) tests in co-culture studies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>MCAO mice exhibited a significant upregulation in GFAP. This reactive astrogliosis corresponded with an elevation in inflammatory markers. AQP4 expression responded to this inflammatory trend, peaking at 6 h after OGD and returning to baseline levels at 24 and 48 h. Co-culture experiments revealed that AQP4(+) astrocytes exacerbated injury in OGD-treated neurons, as evidenced by increased TUNEL positivity and apoptotic events. Conversely, AQP4(−) astrocytes appeared to have a protective effect. Knockdown of AQP4 resulted in reduced post-OGD inflammatory response, whereas AQP4 overexpression intensified the injury to neurons post-OGD. In vivo experiments also confirmed that AQP4 inhibitor TGN-020 reduced and overexpression of AQP4 increased behavioral abnormalities and brain infarcts.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our findings underscore AQP4's pivotal role in modulating post-stroke neuroinflammation. Targeting AQP4 may present a novel therapeutic avenue for mitigating ischemia-induced neuronal damage.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"14 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11499208/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142494945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting Swallowing Recovery in Subacute Stroke Patients via Temporal and Spatial Parameters of Videofluoroscopy","authors":"Lian Wang,&nbsp;Zhenhai Wei,&nbsp;Wei Xin,&nbsp;Zulin Dou","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70104","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.70104","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The purpose of this study was to identify the temporal and spatial parameters of videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) that could predict the recovery of swallowing function in subacute stroke patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We included 102 patients who were admitted to the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine between 2019 and 2022. Patients were classified into good and poor prognosis groups according to whether they had restored prestroke swallowing function or were able to consume sufficient nutrition via oral feeding to meet their body's needs. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were used to identify the predictors. Calibration and discrimination were tested using the Hosmer–Lemeshow test and area under the curve (AUC), respectively.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Of the 102 included patients, 51 had a good prognosis for swallowing function within 6 months of onset. The final multivariate regression model included three significant factors: laryngeal closure duration (LCD) (OR: 0.998; 95% CI: 0.996–0.999; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), maximum width of the upper esophageal sphincter opening (MWUESO) (OR: 1.251; 95% CI: 1.073–1.458; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), and pharyngeal residual grade (PRG) (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). The shorter LCD and larger MWUESO were positive predictors of good swallowing function outcomes, while higher PRG was a negative predictor of good outcomes. The AUC for PRG, MWUESO, and LCD were 0.767 (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), 0.738 (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), and 0.681 (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), respectively.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Identifying prognostic factors for the recovery of swallowing function in patients with poststroke dysphagia is essential for developing treatment strategies. The findings of this study may provide an important reference for developing appropriate therapeutic interventions to promote the recovery of swallowing function in stroke patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"14 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11494397/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142457851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Diagnostic Performance of Amyloid-β Positron Emission Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Alzheimer's Disease: A Head-to-Head Meta-Analysis","authors":"Fang Li,&nbsp;Jiang Cheng,&nbsp;Kaihui Jin,&nbsp;Li Zhao,&nbsp;Junyong Li,&nbsp;Jia Wu,&nbsp;Xiaolu Ren","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70111","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.70111","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the comparative diagnostic performance of amyloid-β positron emission tomography (Aβ PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in diagnosing Alzheimer's disease (AD).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>An extensive search was conducted in the PubMed and Embase databases to identify available publications up to December 2023. Head-to-head comparative studies were included if they evaluated the diagnostic performance of Aβ PET and MRI in diagnosing Alzheimer's disease. Sensitivity and specificity were assessed using the DerSimonian and Laird method, followed by transformation via the Freeman–Tukey double inverse sine transformation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Six articles involving 560 patients were included in the meta-analysis. When distinguishing AD from mild cognitive impairment (MCI), both methods showed comparable sensitivity (Aβ PET: 0.71, MRI: 0.62) and specificity (Aβ PET: 0.68, MRI: 0.69), with no statistically significant differences observed (<i>p</i> = 0.34 and 0.99). When identifying AD from normal cognitive control (NC), both Aβ PET and MRI showed similar results, with comparable sensitivity (Aβ PET: 0.93, MRI: 0.85) and specificity (Aβ PET: 0.95, MRI: 0.82), without significant differences (<i>p</i> = 0.38 and 0.19). Similarly, in detecting MCI from NC, both Aβ PET and MRI demonstrated similar sensitivity (Aβ PET: 0.69, MRI: 0.64) and specificity (Aβ PET: 0.75, MRI: 0.76) without significant differences (<i>p</i> = 0.40 and 0.94). However, 18F-FMM seems to have a higher specificity compared to MRI when distinguishing AD from MCI (<i>P</i> = 0.03) and AD from NC (<i>p</i> = 0.04).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our meta-analysis indicates that Aβ PET demonstrates similar sensitivity and specificity to MRI in diagnosing Alzheimer's disease. However, the limited number of studies may impact the evidence of the current study; further larger sample prospective research is required to confirm these findings.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"14 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11494400/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142457849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Iron Deposition and Functional Connectivity Differences in Females With Migraine Without Aura: A Comparative Study of Headache Sides","authors":"Yan Zhang,&nbsp;Mingxian Bai,&nbsp;Zhenliang Xiong,&nbsp;Qin Zhang,&nbsp;Lihui Wang,&nbsp;Xianchun Zeng","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70096","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.70096","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying migraine without aura (MwoA) in females remain incompletely elucidated. Currently, the association between headache laterality and iron deposition (ID), and functional connectivity (FC) in female MwoA patients has not been fully studied.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We prospectively recruited 63 female patients with MwoA and 31 matched healthy controls (HC) from the hospital. ID and FC among the four groups were analyzed using two-sample <i>t</i>-tests (with cluster-wise family-wise error [FWE] correction). Pearson correlation analysis was used to evaluate the relationships between clinical variables and both ID and FC values. Significance level: <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Compared to HC, left-sided MwoA exhibited differences in ID in various brain regions, including the cerebellum, left orbital inferior frontal gyrus, left calcarine gyrus, right putamen, and left caudate nucleus, as well as exhibited enhanced FC between the left lobule III of the cerebellum and the right superior temporal gyrus. Compared to bilateral MwoA, left-sided MwoA showed significantly enhanced in FC values in the left calcarine gyrus, the right precentral gyrus, the right postcentral gyrus, and the right lingual gyrus. Additionally, significant differences were observed in the Pearson correlations between clinical variables and both ID and FC in the female MwoA subgroups.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our study provided preliminary evidence indicating significant differences in ID, FC, and correlations among subgroups of female MwoA. This provides neuroimaging references for further subclassifying MwoA patients. This offers valuable insights into potential pathophysiological mechanisms linked to the brain functional impairment in female MwoA.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"14 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11494401/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142457850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Basilar Artery Tortuosity Increases the Risk of Persistent Dizziness and Unsteadiness After Posterior Circulation Infarction","authors":"Jiashu Li,&nbsp;Xuesong Bai,&nbsp;Gaifen Liu,&nbsp;Zhaoxia Li,&nbsp;Yan Wang,&nbsp;Ruile Fang,&nbsp;Fei Peng,&nbsp;Xuge Chen,&nbsp;Yi Ju,&nbsp;Xingquan Zhao","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70097","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.70097","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Basilar artery (BA) tortuosity is closely associated with posterior circulation infarction (PCI) and dizziness/unsteadiness. This study aims to determine the relationship between BA tortuosity and the outcome of dizziness and unsteadiness in PCI patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study prospectively recruited PCI patients presenting with dizziness and unsteadiness. BA tortuosity was diagnosed based on Smoker's criteria. The BA tortuosity index (BATI) was measured from magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) images. Posterior circulation was divided into proximal (medulla oblongata and posterior inferior cerebellar), middle, and distal territories. Symptoms, risk of falls, and quality of life were followed up in 3 months after stroke. Logistic regression was used to identify possible factors associated with the persistence of dizziness and unsteadiness.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Among 182 PCI patients presenting with dizziness and unsteadiness, 97 (53.3%) had BA tortuosity, including 19 (10.4%) with moderate-to-severe BA tortuosity. At the 3-month follow-up, 58 (31.9%) patients continued to experience dizziness and unsteadiness, with significantly decreased quality of life and a high risk of falls. Binary logistic regression analysis identified moderate-to-severe BA tortuosity (OR, 4.474; 95% CI, 1.591<i>–</i>12.579; <i>p</i> = 0.004) and lesions involving the proximal posterior circulation territory (OR, 2.146; 95% CI, 1.097<i>–</i>4.199; <i>p</i> = 0.026) as risk factors for persistent dizziness and unsteadiness after PCI, while thrombolysis (OR, 0.280; 95% CI, 0.079<i>–</i>0.992; <i>p</i> = 0.049) as a protective factor. BATI (OR, 1.072; 95% CI, 1.028<i>–</i>1.119; <i>p</i> = 0.001) was also independently associated with dizziness and unsteadiness after PCI.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Prominent BA tortuosity increases the risk of persistent dizziness and unsteadiness after PCI, leading to a high risk of falls and decreased quality of life. This warrants more attention in clinical practice.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"14 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11494399/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142457848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Risk of Exacerbation of Myasthenia Gravis After COVID-19 Omicron Infection","authors":"Nana Zhang,&nbsp;Ziya Wang,&nbsp;Dongren Sun,&nbsp;Hongxi Chen,&nbsp;Hongyu Zhou","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70074","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The aim of this study is to ascertain whether COVID-19 Omicron infection is associated with exacerbations in these myasthenia gravis (MG) patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Result</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In total, 289 MG patients (comprising 60% females, with an average age of 46 ± 15 years) were enrolled. A total of 80.9% of MG patients reported a COVID-19 infection, with the majority experiencing a benign course (88%). MG patients who experienced COVID-19 infection demonstrated a higher likelihood of MG exacerbation, compared to those without the infection (18.8% vs. 7.3%, <i>p</i> = 0.039). In the survival analysis, after adjusting for confounding factors, the hazard ratio (HR) for exacerbation post-infection was found to be 3.38 (95% CI 1.20–9.53, <i>p</i> = 0.021). Compared to the exacerbation rates observed in JTA21, an increase was noted in DTM23 among COVID-19-infected MG patients (4.4% vs. 17.2%, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The COVID-19 is the risk of MG exacerbation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"14 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70074","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142451723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mental health and its consequences in people living with HIV: A network approach","authors":"Elise M. G. Meeder,&nbsp;Louise E. van Eekeren,&nbsp;Marc J. T. Blaauw,&nbsp;Albert L. Groenendijk,&nbsp;Wilhelm A. J. W. Vos,&nbsp;Jan van Lunzen,&nbsp;Leo A. B. Joosten,&nbsp;Mihai G. Netea,&nbsp;Quirijn de Mast,&nbsp;Willem L. Blok,&nbsp;Annelies Verbon,&nbsp;Marvin A. H. Berrevoets,&nbsp;Vasiliki Matzaraki,&nbsp;Andre J. A. M. van der Ven,&nbsp;Arnt F. A. Schellekens","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70021","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Psychiatric symptoms occur frequently in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH), which may affect quality of life, sexual risk behavior, and adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART). Data from large cohorts are limited, and symptoms are often analyzed in isolation. Therefore, we applied a network analysis to assess the interrelatedness of mental health indicators in a large cohort of PLWH.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We included 1615 PLWH on ART. Participants reported on the severity of depression, anxiety, impulsivity, substance use, quality of life, sexual risk behavior, and ART adherence. An Ising network model was constructed to analyze interrelations between mental health indicators and connections with clinical consequences.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our network analysis revealed that symptoms of depression, anxiety, and indicators of impulsivity were interrelated. Substance use was prevalent and strongly connected with sexual risk behavior. Quality of life was most strongly connected with symptoms of depression. Unexpectedly, ART adherence did not display connections with any of the mental health indicators.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In PLWH, the interrelatedness between symptoms of depression and anxiety and indicators of impulsivity is high. Mainly, depressive symptoms seem to impact quality of life, which warrants attention for depression in PLWH. We did not observe evidence for the common assumption that patients suffering from psychiatric symptoms are less adherent to HIV treatment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"14 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70021","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142451728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping Values Quantification in Deep Gray Matter Structures for Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"Sana Mohammadi,&nbsp;Sadegh Ghaderi,&nbsp;Farzad Fatehi","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70093","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background/Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the role of magnetic susceptibility (χ) in deep gray matter (DGM) structures, including the putamen (PUT), globus pallidus (GP), caudate nucleus (CN), and thalamus, in the most common types of multiple sclerosis (MS) and relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The literature was systematically reviewed up to November 2023, adhering to PRISMA guidelines. This study was conducted using a random-effects model to calculate the standardized mean difference (SMD) in QSM values between patients with RRMS and healthy controls (HCs). Publication bias and risk of bias were also assessed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Nine studies involving 1074 RRMS patients with RRMS and 640 HCs were included in the meta-analysis. The results showed significantly higher QSM (χ) values in the PUT (SMD = 0.40, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.22–0.59, <i>p</i> = .000), GP (SMD = 0.60, 95% CI = 0.50–0.70, <i>p</i> = .00), and CN (SMD = 0.40, 95% CI = 0.15–0.66, <i>p</i> = .005) of RRMS patients compared to HCs. However, there were no significant differences in the QSM values in the thalamus between patients with RRMS and HCs (SMD = −0.33, 95% CI −0.67–0.01, <i>p</i> = .026). Age- and sex-based subgroup analysis demonstrated that younger patients (&lt; 40 years) in the PUT, GP, and CN groups and larger male populations (&gt; 25%) in the PUT and GP groups had more significant χ. Interestingly, thalamic QSM values were found to decrease in RRMS patients over 40 years of age and in higher male populations. Sex-based subgroup analysis indicated higher iron levels in the PUT and GP of RRMS patients regardless of sex. QSM values were higher in certain brain regions (PUT, GP, and CN) during the early stages (disease duration &lt; 9.6 years) of RRMS, but lower in the thalamus during the later stages (disease duration &gt; 9.6 years) than HCs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion/Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>QSM may serve as a biomarker for understanding χ value alterations such as iron dysregulation and its contribution to neurodegeneration in RRMS, especially in the basal ganglia nuclei including PUT, GP, and CN.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"14 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70093","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142449044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urine Albumin-to-Creatinine Ratio as an Indicator of Brain Activity Changes in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Resting-State fMRI Study","authors":"Yangjie Yu,&nbsp;Jun-Peng Zhang,&nbsp;Zhen Wang,&nbsp;Juan Li,&nbsp;Xu-Yun Hua,&nbsp;Junjie Pan,&nbsp;Rui Dong","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70106","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasingly recognized as a risk factor for alterations in brain function. However, detecting early-stage symptoms and structural changes remains challenging, potentially leading to delayed treatment. In our study, we aimed to investigate spontaneous brain activity changes in CKD patients using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Additionally, we explored the correlation between common biomarkers reflecting CKD severity and brain activity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We recruited a cohort of 22 non–dialysis-dependent CKD patients and 22 controls for resting-state fMRI scans. Amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFFs) and regional homogeneity (ReHo) were calculated to evaluate brain activity. Regression analysis was conducted to explore the correlations between biomarkers reflecting the severity of CKD and brain activity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>CKD patients exhibited reduced z-scored ALFF (zALFF) and mean ALFF (mALFF) in the bilateral putamen, right caudate nucleus, left anterior cingulate, and right precuneus. Changes in bilateral putamen were also found in smCohe-ReHo and szCohe-ReHo analyses. Urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR), urine protein-to-creatinine ratio (UPCR), and serum albumin levels were associated with attenuated putamen activity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Non–dialysis-dependent CKD patients had changes in zALFF, mALFF, smCohe-ReHo, and szCohe-ReHo values in specific brain regions, especially bilateral putamen. UACR, UPCR, and serum albumin levels are associated with putamen activity attenuation in rs-fMRI.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"14 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70106","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142447575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improvements in Sleep Quality in Patients With Major Depressive and Generalized Anxiety Disorders Treated With Individualized, Parcel-Guided Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation","authors":"Si Jie Tang,&nbsp;Jonas Holle,&nbsp;Sirjan Mor,&nbsp;Nicholas B. Dadario,&nbsp;Mark Ryan,&nbsp;Charles Teo,&nbsp;Michael Sughrue,&nbsp;Jacky Yeung","doi":"10.1002/brb3.70088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70088","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Poor quality sleep has often been cited as a cause of lowered quality of life in patients with affective disorders such as major depressive disorder (MDD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). As sleep and affective disorders are affected by multi-network interactions, we hypothesize that the modulation of the central executive network (CEN), salience, and default mode networks (DMNs) through individualized repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) may improve sleep and quality of life.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A retrospective analysis from 2020 to 2023 was conducted in patients with affective disorders at Cingulum Health. Multiple targets were selected based on anomalies detected from individual, functional connectivity networks from a machine-learning connectivity software. rTMS was conducted with accelerated continuous or intermittent theta burst stimulation (TBS) based on the anomaly detected. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), EuroQol (EQ5D), Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI), and the General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) questionnaires were administered prior to, after, and at follow-up of rTMS.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Twenty-seven patients were identified, and the most common diagnoses were MDD (41%) or MDD with GAD (41%). All patients had at least one rTMS target in the CEN. The most common target (19 patients) was L8Av in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC). Patients experienced significant improvements in sleep, quality of life, depressive, and anxiety symptoms after rTMS and during follow-up. Improvements in sleep correlated with quality of life at follow-up.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study suggests that personalized, parcel-guided rTMS is safe and may provide sustained improvements in sleep, quality of life, and affective symptoms for patients with affective disorders.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"14 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brb3.70088","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142449043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}