Prakasini Satapathy, Abhay M. Gaidhane, Nasir Vadia, Soumya V. Menon, Kattela Chennakesavulu, Rajashree Panigrahi, Ganesh Bushi, Mahendra Singh, Sanjit Sah, Awakash Turkar, S. Govinda Rao, Khang Wen Goh, Muhammed Shabil, Edward Mawejje
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This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the association between depression and the risk of developing hypertension by synthesizing evidence from observational studies.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Methods</h3>\n \n <p>A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases was conducted up to December 20, 2024. Observational studies that examined depression as an exposure and hypertension as an outcome were included. Random-effects meta-analysis was performed to estimate pooled odds ratios (ORs) and hazard ratios (HRs). Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were conducted to explore heterogeneity and assess the robustness of findings. Publication bias was evaluated using Egger test and funnel plots.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Results</h3>\n \n <p>A total of 36 studies were included, comprising cross-sectional, cohort, and case-control designs. The pooled analysis indicated a significant positive association between depression and hypertension (pooled OR = 1.198, 95% CI: 1.086–1.321), with substantial heterogeneity (<i>I</i><sup>2</sup> = 68%, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Longitudinal studies yielded a pooled HR of 1.277 (95% CI: 1.159–1.408) with no significant heterogeneity (<i>I</i><sup>2</sup> = 0%). Subgroup analyses revealed stronger associations in cross-sectional studies compared to cohort studies. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of findings, while publication bias was detected.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Conclusion</h3>\n \n <p>This study provides evidence supporting a positive association between depression and an increased risk of hypertension. The findings underscore the importance of integrating mental health screening in cardiovascular care and adopting multidisciplinary strategies to address both conditions. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
高血压和抑郁症是全球主要的健康问题，越来越多的证据表明这两种疾病之间存在潜在的双向关系。虽然以前的研究已经探讨了这种联系，但结果仍然不一致，需要进行全面的评估。本系统综述和荟萃分析旨在通过综合观察性研究的证据来评估抑郁与患高血压风险之间的关系。方法系统检索截至2024年12月20日的PubMed、Embase和Web of Science数据库。观察性研究将抑郁作为一种暴露，并将高血压作为一种结果。随机效应荟萃分析用于估计合并优势比（ORs）和风险比（hr）。进行亚组分析和敏感性分析以探索异质性并评估研究结果的稳健性。采用Egger检验和漏斗图评价发表偏倚。结果共纳入36项研究，包括横断面、队列和病例对照设计。合并分析显示，抑郁与高血压之间存在显著正相关（合并OR = 1.198, 95% CI: 1.086-1.321），且存在显著异质性（I2 = 68%, p < 0.001）。纵向研究的总风险比为1.277 (95% CI: 1.159-1.408)，无显著异质性（I2 = 0%）。亚组分析显示，与队列研究相比，横断面研究的相关性更强。敏感性分析证实了研究结果的稳健性，同时发现了发表偏倚。结论：本研究为抑郁症与高血压风险增加之间的正相关提供了证据。研究结果强调了将心理健康筛查纳入心血管护理的重要性，并采用多学科策略来解决这两种情况。需要进一步的研究来澄清因果途径并探索有针对性的干预措施。
Between Depression and Risk of Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Background
Hypertension and depression are major global health concerns, with increasing evidence suggesting a potential bidirectional relationship between the two conditions. While previous studies have explored this association, the findings remain inconsistent, necessitating a comprehensive evaluation. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the association between depression and the risk of developing hypertension by synthesizing evidence from observational studies.
Methods
A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases was conducted up to December 20, 2024. Observational studies that examined depression as an exposure and hypertension as an outcome were included. Random-effects meta-analysis was performed to estimate pooled odds ratios (ORs) and hazard ratios (HRs). Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were conducted to explore heterogeneity and assess the robustness of findings. Publication bias was evaluated using Egger test and funnel plots.
Results
A total of 36 studies were included, comprising cross-sectional, cohort, and case-control designs. The pooled analysis indicated a significant positive association between depression and hypertension (pooled OR = 1.198, 95% CI: 1.086–1.321), with substantial heterogeneity (I2 = 68%, p < 0.001). Longitudinal studies yielded a pooled HR of 1.277 (95% CI: 1.159–1.408) with no significant heterogeneity (I2 = 0%). Subgroup analyses revealed stronger associations in cross-sectional studies compared to cohort studies. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of findings, while publication bias was detected.
Conclusion
This study provides evidence supporting a positive association between depression and an increased risk of hypertension. The findings underscore the importance of integrating mental health screening in cardiovascular care and adopting multidisciplinary strategies to address both conditions. Further research is needed to clarify causal pathways and explore targeted interventions.
期刊介绍：
Brain and Behavior is supported by other journals published by Wiley, including a number of society-owned journals. The journals listed below support Brain and Behavior and participate in the Manuscript Transfer Program by referring articles of suitable quality and offering authors the option to have their paper, with any peer review reports, automatically transferred to Brain and Behavior.
* [Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica](https://publons.com/journal/1366/acta-psychiatrica-scandinavica)
* [Addiction Biology](https://publons.com/journal/1523/addiction-biology)
* [Aggressive Behavior](https://publons.com/journal/3611/aggressive-behavior)
* [Brain Pathology](https://publons.com/journal/1787/brain-pathology)
* [Child: Care, Health and Development](https://publons.com/journal/6111/child-care-health-and-development)
* [Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health](https://publons.com/journal/3839/criminal-behaviour-and-mental-health)
* [Depression and Anxiety](https://publons.com/journal/1528/depression-and-anxiety)
* Developmental Neurobiology
* [Developmental Science](https://publons.com/journal/1069/developmental-science)
* [European Journal of Neuroscience](https://publons.com/journal/1441/european-journal-of-neuroscience)
* [Genes, Brain and Behavior](https://publons.com/journal/1635/genes-brain-and-behavior)
* [GLIA](https://publons.com/journal/1287/glia)
* [Hippocampus](https://publons.com/journal/1056/hippocampus)
* [Human Brain Mapping](https://publons.com/journal/500/human-brain-mapping)
* [Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour](https://publons.com/journal/7330/journal-for-the-theory-of-social-behaviour)
* [Journal of Comparative Neurology](https://publons.com/journal/1306/journal-of-comparative-neurology)
* [Journal of Neuroimaging](https://publons.com/journal/6379/journal-of-neuroimaging)
* [Journal of Neuroscience Research](https://publons.com/journal/2778/journal-of-neuroscience-research)
* [Journal of Organizational Behavior](https://publons.com/journal/1123/journal-of-organizational-behavior)
* [Journal of the Peripheral Nervous System](https://publons.com/journal/3929/journal-of-the-peripheral-nervous-system)
* [Muscle & Nerve](https://publons.com/journal/4448/muscle-and-nerve)
* [Neural Pathology and Applied Neurobiology](https://publons.com/journal/2401/neuropathology-and-applied-neurobiology)
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