{"title":"The impact of phonological short-term memory impairment on verbal repetition in the logopenic variant of primary progressive aphasia.","authors":"Joël Macoir, Robert Laforce, Monica Lavoie","doi":"10.1080/13825585.2023.2249198","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13825585.2023.2249198","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The logopenic variant of primary progressive aphasia (lvPPA) is characterized mainly by anomia, production of phonological errors, and impairment in repetition of sentences. The functional origin of these language impairments is mainly attributed to the breakdown of phonological short-term memory. The present study examined the effects of phonological short-term memory impairment on language processing in lvPPA. In two studies, 11 participants with lvPPA and 11 healthy control participants were presented with repetition tasks in which the type and length of stimuli and the mode of administration were manipulated. Study 1 aimed to examine the influence of length and lexicality (words vs. pseudowords) on immediate and delayed repetition, whereas Study 2 aimed to examine the influence of length, syntactic complexity (nominalized vs. pronominalized sentences), and serial position on immediate sentence repetition. Study 1 showed that participants' performance with lvPPA was impaired only on immediate repetition of five-syllable pseudowords and on delayed repetition of words and pseudowords. Study 2 showed that participants' performance with lvPPA was impaired in the repetition of nominalized sentences where a recency effect was observed. Repetition of pronominalized sentences was also impaired in the lvPPA group. This study provides additional support for arguments regarding phonological short-term memory as a cause of language impairment in lvPPA. Clinically, the results of the study suggest that instruments for assessing repetition ability in lvPPA should include not only lists of short or long nominalized sentences, but also delayed repetition of words and pseudowords and pronominalized sentences.</p>","PeriodicalId":7532,"journal":{"name":"Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition","volume":" ","pages":"723-741"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10060084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Patrick L Hill, Gabrielle N Pfund, Patrick J Cruitt, Isaiah Spears, Sara A Norton, Ryan Bogdan, Thomas F Oltmanns
{"title":"Personality traits moderate associations between word recall and subjective memory.","authors":"Patrick L Hill, Gabrielle N Pfund, Patrick J Cruitt, Isaiah Spears, Sara A Norton, Ryan Bogdan, Thomas F Oltmanns","doi":"10.1080/13825585.2023.2249195","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13825585.2023.2249195","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cognitive gerontology research requires consideration of performance as well as perceptions of performance. While subjective memory is positively associated with memory performance, these correlations typically are modest in magnitude, leading to the need to consider whether certain people may show weaker or stronger linkages between performance and perceptions. The current study leveraged personality (NEO Big Five), memory performance (i.e., word recall), and perceptions of memory ability (i.e., metamemory in adulthood and memory decline) data from the St. Louis Personality and Aging Network (SPAN) study (<i>n</i> = 774, mean age: 71.52 years). Extraversion and conscientiousness held the most consistent associations with the cognitive variables of interest, as both traits were positively associated with metamemory and word recall, but negatively associated with subjective decline. Moreover, extraversion moderated associations between word recall and both memory capacity and complaints, insofar that objective-subjective associations were weaker for those adults higher in extraversion. These findings highlight the need to understand how personality influences the sources of information employed for subjective cognitive beliefs.</p>","PeriodicalId":7532,"journal":{"name":"Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition","volume":" ","pages":"705-722"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11139457/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10146601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maria J S Guerreiro, Sebastian Puschmann, Judith Eck, Franziska Rienäcker, Pascal W M Van Gerven, Christiane M Thiel
{"title":"The effect of hearing loss on age-related differences in neural distinctiveness.","authors":"Maria J S Guerreiro, Sebastian Puschmann, Judith Eck, Franziska Rienäcker, Pascal W M Van Gerven, Christiane M Thiel","doi":"10.1080/13825585.2023.2223904","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13825585.2023.2223904","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Age differences in cognitive performance have been shown to be overestimated if age-related hearing loss is not taken into account. Here, we investigated the role of age-related hearing loss on age differences in functional brain organization by assessing its impact on previously reported age differences in neural differentiation. To this end, we analyzed the data of 36 younger adults, 21 older adults with clinically normal hearing, and 21 older adults with mild-to-moderate hearing loss who had taken part in a functional localizer task comprising visual (i.e., faces, scenes) and auditory stimuli (i.e., voices, music) while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging. Evidence for reduced neural distinctiveness in the auditory cortex was observed only in older adults with hearing loss relative to younger adults, whereas evidence for reduced neural distinctiveness in the visual cortex was observed both in older adults with normal hearing and in older adults with hearing loss relative to younger adults. These results indicate that age-related dedifferentiation in the auditory cortex is exacerbated by age-related hearing loss.</p>","PeriodicalId":7532,"journal":{"name":"Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition","volume":" ","pages":"627-645"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9668007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jamil M Lane, Alexis Zimmer, Maria M Quiñones-Cordero, Silvia Sörensen
{"title":"Racial differences in the effect of verbal and nonverbal memory on concrete planning for future care needs among older adults: a multi-group structural equation modeling approach.","authors":"Jamil M Lane, Alexis Zimmer, Maria M Quiñones-Cordero, Silvia Sörensen","doi":"10.1080/13825585.2023.2223902","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13825585.2023.2223902","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Concrete planning for future care needs may positively impact older adults' subsequent mental health and quality of life. However, the cognitive factors that facilitate concrete planning among Black and White older adults are still poorly understood. We investigated whether there are significant differences between Black (<i>n</i> = 159) and White (<i>n</i> = 262) older adults in concrete planning and explored racial differences in the relationship between verbal and nonverbal episodic memory and concrete planning. Results revealed that Blacks showed lower engagement in concrete planning and lower scores than Whites on each verbal and nonverbal memory task. For Blacks, but not Whites, verbal memory and nonverbal memory performance predicted concrete planning with higher nonverbal memory relating to less concrete planning and higher verbal memory associated with more concrete planning. Our findings suggest racial differences exist in how episodic verbal and nonverbal memory affect concrete planning, a crucial factor for older adults' preparation for future care.</p>","PeriodicalId":7532,"journal":{"name":"Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition","volume":" ","pages":"587-604"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10721738/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9707551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anita Iacono, Mark Oremus, Colleen J Maxwell, Suzanne L Tyas
{"title":"Functional social isolation mediates the association between depression and executive function in older women: findings from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging Comprehensive cohort.","authors":"Anita Iacono, Mark Oremus, Colleen J Maxwell, Suzanne L Tyas","doi":"10.1080/13825585.2023.2226855","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13825585.2023.2226855","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Depression and social isolation increase risk for executive function declines and are among the top five modifiable risk factors for dementia. However, the interrelationships between depression, social isolation and executive function are not well established. Further evidence is needed to inform strategies to promote executive function and independence in older age. We examined whether social isolation mediated the association between depression and executive function in community-dwelling middle-aged and older adults and whether this association was modified by age and sex. Adults aged 45 to 85 years from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA) Comprehensive cohort were followed over three years (complete case analysis, <i>n</i> = 14,133). Baseline depressive symptoms, a history of clinical depression, and functional social isolation (perceived lack of social support) were self-reported. Executive function at follow-up was a composite measure of five cognitive tests. Conditional process analysis assessed the mediating effects of functional social isolation across age group and sex, adjusted for sociodemographic and health covariates. Functional social isolation significantly mediated the association of depressive symptoms (proportion mediated [<i>P</i><sub><i>M</i></sub>] = 8.0%) or clinical depression (<i>P</i><sub><i>M</i></sub> = 17.5%) with executive function only among women aged 75+ years. Functional social isolation explains a proportion of the total effect of depressive symptoms or clinical depression on executive function in women aged 75 and older. Although reverse causation cannot be ruled out, our findings suggest that interventions that reduce functional social isolation or depression in older women may promote executive function.</p>","PeriodicalId":7532,"journal":{"name":"Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition","volume":" ","pages":"661-681"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9668282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Helen Morse, Amy A Jolly, Hannah Browning, Allan Clark, Valerie Pomeroy, Stéphanie Rossit
{"title":"Aging effects on extrapersonal (far-space) attention: cancellation and line bisection performance from 179 healthy adults.","authors":"Helen Morse, Amy A Jolly, Hannah Browning, Allan Clark, Valerie Pomeroy, Stéphanie Rossit","doi":"10.1080/13825585.2023.2223903","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13825585.2023.2223903","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Assessment of cognitive impairments is a vital part of clinical practice. Cancellation (visual search) and line bisection are commonly used tasks to assess visuospatial attention. Despite the fact visuospatial attention is engaged in both near (within reach) and far-space (out of reach), most studies have been conducted in near-space alone. Moreover, despite their use in clinical practice, it is unclear whether cancellation and bisection tasks are related. Here, we investigated the impact of aging on cancellation and line bisection performance in far-space in a large healthy sample. We provide preliminary age-graded norms for assessing visuospatial attention in far-space calculated from a sample of 179 healthy adults, between the ages of 18-94 (<i>mean age</i> = 49.29). Cancellation and line bisection were presented on a large screen in far-space and completed using a wireless remote. Aging was accompanied by longer task duration for both tasks, slower search speed and poorer quality of search. However, there was no significant effect of aging on line bisection error. There was a significant correlation between the two tasks in that longer task duration in line bisection was associated with slower search speed and poorer quality of search. Overall, participants presented a leftward bias during cancellation and line bisection akin to pseudoneglect. Moreover, we found that irrespective of age, search speed was faster in males than females. We offer novel evidence that performance on cancellation and line bisection tasks are related to one another in far-space, but are also sensitive to age-related decline, and even sex differences.</p>","PeriodicalId":7532,"journal":{"name":"Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition","volume":" ","pages":"605-626"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9999704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Age-related differences in selective associative memory: implications for responsible remembering.","authors":"Dillon H Murphy, Kara M Hoover, Alan D Castel","doi":"10.1080/13825585.2023.2249189","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13825585.2023.2249189","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>While often showing associative memory deficits, there may be instances when older adults selectively remember important associative information. We presented younger and older adults with children they would be hypothetically babysitting, and each child had three preferences: a food they like, a food they dislike, and a food they are allergic to and must avoid. In Experiment 1, all foods associated with each child were simultaneously presented while in Experiments 2 and 3, participants self-regulated their study of the different preferences for each child. We were interested in whether people, particularly older adults who often display associative memory impairments, can prioritize the most important information with consequences for forgetting (i.e., allergies), especially with increased task experience. Overall, compared with younger adults, older adults were better at selectively studying and recalling the children's allergies relative to the other preferences, and these patterns increased with task experience. Together, the present results suggest that both younger and older adults can employ strategies that enhance the recall of important information, illustrating <i>responsible remembering</i>. Specifically, both younger and older adults can learn to self-assess and prioritize the information that they need to remember, and despite memory deficits, older adults can learn to employ strategies that enhance the recall of important information, using metacognition and goal-directed remembering to engage in <i>responsible remembering</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":7532,"journal":{"name":"Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition","volume":" ","pages":"682-704"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10874462/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10021310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Examining cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships between multidomain physical fitness metrics, education, and cognition in Black older adults.","authors":"Matthew Stauder, Kelly J Hiersche, Scott M Hayes","doi":"10.1080/13825585.2023.2225848","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13825585.2023.2225848","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A limited number of studies examine cognitive aging in Black or African American older adults. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between health-related fitness metrics, education, and cognition at baseline and over a 4-year follow-up in a sample of 321 Black or African American older adults in the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). Physical fitness was assessed with measures of gait speed, peak expiratory flow, grip strength, and body mass index. Global cognition was assessed with an adapted version of the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (TICS). Analyses of relative importance and hierarchical multiple regression were used to examine baseline cross-sectional relationships. Multiple logistic regression was used to examine prospective relationships with longitudinal cognitive status. Education was the strongest predictor of global cognition at baseline and follow-up. More years of education significantly increased the odds of maintaining cognitive status at 4-year follow-up. After accounting for education, gait speed was independently associated with baseline cognitive performance and accounted for additional variance. Grip strength, peak expiratory flow, and body mass index were not significantly associated with cognition. The results indicated that modifiable variables, including years of educational attainment and gait speed, were more strongly associated with global cognition than other modifiable variables including body mass index, grip strength, and peak expiratory flow. The lack of observed associations between other fitness variables and cognition may be attributable to the brief assessment methods implemented, which was necessitated by the large-scale, epidemiological approach of the HRS.</p>","PeriodicalId":7532,"journal":{"name":"Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition","volume":" ","pages":"646-660"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10739568/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10302667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Memory self-efficacy and working memory.","authors":"Genna M Mashinchi, Stuart Hall, Kelly A Cotter","doi":"10.1080/13825585.2023.2259023","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13825585.2023.2259023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dementia affects multiple aspects of cognitive functioning, including working memory and executive functioning. Memory self-efficacy (MSE) has previously been related to episodic memory performance and to executive functioning, but little research has examined the relations between MSE and working memory. United States older adults (<i>N</i> = 197) were recruited via MTurk to complete an MSE questionnaire before completing a digit span working memory task. Hierarchical regression results revealed that the model accounted for a significant amount of variance in working memory performance after statistically controlling for several covariates, <i>F</i>(11, 179) = 4.94, <i>p</i> < .001, adjusted <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = .19. MSE explained a large and unique portion of variance (B = 1.02, SE = 0.17, <i>p</i> < .001). Based on our findings, one's beliefs about their memory are positively associated with their working memory performance. These novel findings provide support for neuropsychologists to consider using MSE measures and utilizing MSE interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":7532,"journal":{"name":"Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition","volume":" ","pages":"742-761"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10313377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Princess Neila Litkouhi, Katya Numbers, Michael Valenzuela, John D Crawford, Ben C P Lam, Princess Noosha Litkouhi, Perminder S Sachdev, Nicole A Kochan, Henry Brodaty
{"title":"Critical periods for cognitive reserve building activities for late life global cognition and cognitive decline: the Sydney memory and aging cohort study.","authors":"Princess Neila Litkouhi, Katya Numbers, Michael Valenzuela, John D Crawford, Ben C P Lam, Princess Noosha Litkouhi, Perminder S Sachdev, Nicole A Kochan, Henry Brodaty","doi":"10.1080/13825585.2023.2181941","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13825585.2023.2181941","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cognitive, social, and physical activities, collectively linked to cognitive reserve, are associated with better late-life cognitive outcomes. To better understand the building of cognitive reserve, we investigated which of these activities, during which stages of life, had the strongest associations with late-life cognitive performance. From the Sydney Memory and Aging Study, 546 older Australians, who were community-dwelling and without a dementia diagnosis at recruitment (M<sub>age</sub> 80.13 years, 52.2% female), were asked about their engagement in social, physical, and cognitive activities throughout young adulthood (YA), midlife (ML), and late-life (LL). Comprehensive neuropsychological testing administered biennially over 6 years measured baseline global cognition and cognitive decline. In our study, YA, but not ML nor LL, cognitive activity was significantly associated with late-life global cognition (<i>β =</i> 0.315, <i>p</i> < .001). A follow-up analysis pointed to the formal education component of the YA cognitive activity measure, rather than YA cognitive leisure activities, as a significant predictor of better late-life global cognition (<i>β =</i> 0.146, <i>p</i> = .003). YA social activity and LL cognitive activity were significantly associated with less cognitive decline (<i>β =</i> 0.023, <i>p</i> < .001, and <i>β =</i> 0.016, <i>p</i> = .022, respectively). Physical activity was not found to be associated with global cognition or cognitive decline. Overall, YA cognitive activity was associated with better late-life cognition, and YA social and LL cognitive activities were associated with less cognitive decline. Formal education emerges as the key contributor in the association between YA cognitive activity and late-life global cognition.</p>","PeriodicalId":7532,"journal":{"name":"Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition","volume":" ","pages":"387-403"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10384651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}