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Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition最新文献

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Increased reliance on heuristic thinking in mild cognitive impairment. 轻度认知障碍患者对启发式思维的依赖增加。
IF 1.6 4区 心理学
Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition Pub Date : 2024-09-20 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2024.2405506
Jeffrey C Zemla
{"title":"Increased reliance on heuristic thinking in mild cognitive impairment.","authors":"Jeffrey C Zemla","doi":"10.1080/13825585.2024.2405506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13825585.2024.2405506","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Reasoning can be fast, automatic, and intuitive or slow, deliberate, and analytical. Use of one cognitive reasoning style over the other has broad implications for beliefs, but differences in cognitive style have not previously been reported in those with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Here, the cognitive reflection test is used to measure cognitive style in healthy older adults and those with MCI. Those with MCI performed worse than cognitively healthy older adults, indicating they are more likely to engage in intuitive thinking than age-matched adults. This association is reliable after controlling for additional cognitive, self-report, and demographic factors. Across all measures, subjective cognitive decline was the best predictor of cognitive status. A difference in cognitive style represents a novel behavioral marker of MCI, and future work should explore whether this explains a broader pattern of reasoning errors in those with MCI, such as susceptibility to scams or impaired financial reasoning.</p>","PeriodicalId":7532,"journal":{"name":"Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142278998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Preserved memory for decisions across adulthood. 成年后对决策的记忆保持不变。
IF 1.6 4区 心理学
Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition Pub Date : 2024-09-09 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2024.2398790
Morgan K Taylor, Gregory R Samanez-Larkin, Elizabeth J Marsh
{"title":"Preserved memory for decisions across adulthood.","authors":"Morgan K Taylor, Gregory R Samanez-Larkin, Elizabeth J Marsh","doi":"10.1080/13825585.2024.2398790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13825585.2024.2398790","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Remembering our decisions is crucial - it allows us to learn from past mistakes and construct future behavior. However, it is unclear if age-related memory declines impact the memorability of older adults' decisions. Here, we compared younger and older adults' ability to remember their decisions. In Studies 1 and 2, participants made choices between two objects based on their star rating (shopping context) or circle count (neutral context) and later remembered what they chose. while Study 3 tested participants' memory for active vs. passive decisions. Overall, we found no evidence for age differences in the ability to remember decisions. Furthermore, age did not interact with context - both similarly benefitted from making and remembering their decisions in a more shopping-like context. These results reveal an aspect of cognition that appears to be preserved in healthy aging. Highlighting such aspects can help improve older adults' self-perceptions and reframe the narrative around aging.</p>","PeriodicalId":7532,"journal":{"name":"Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142153005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Goal-directed remembering in older adults. 老年人的目标导向记忆。
IF 1.6 4区 心理学
Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-20 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2023.2282223
Joseph P Hennessee, Julia M Schorn, Catherine Walsh, Alan D Castel, Barbara J Knowlton
{"title":"Goal-directed remembering in older adults.","authors":"Joseph P Hennessee, Julia M Schorn, Catherine Walsh, Alan D Castel, Barbara J Knowlton","doi":"10.1080/13825585.2023.2282223","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13825585.2023.2282223","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Compared to younger adults, older adults show a reduced difference in memory between items they are directed to remember and items they are directed to forget. This effect may result from increased processing of goal-irrelevant information in aging. In contrast, healthy older adults are often able to selectively remember valuable information, suggesting preservation of goal-directed encoding in aging. Here, we examined how value may differentially affect directed-forgetting and memory for irrelevant details for younger and older adults in a value-directed remembering task. In Experiment 1, participants studied words paired with a directed-forgetting cue and a point-value they earned for later recognition. Participants' memory was then tested, either after an 8-min or 24-hr retention interval. In Experiment 2 words were presented in two colors and the recognition test assessed whether the participant could retrieve the incidentally-presented point value and the color of each recognized words. In both experiments, older and younger adults displayed a comparable ability to selectively encode valuable items. However, older adults showed a reduced directed-forgetting effect compared to younger adults that was maintained across the 24-hr retention interval. In Experiment 2, older adults showed both intact directed-forgetting and similar incidental detail retrieval compared to younger adults. These findings suggest that older adults maintained selectivity to value, demonstrating that aging does not impact the differential encoding of valuable information. Furthermore, younger and older adults may be similarly goal-directed in terms of item features to encode, but that instructions to forget presented items are less effective in older adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":7532,"journal":{"name":"Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11102934/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138046008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Metacognition for hearing in noise: a comparison between younger and older adults. 噪音中听觉的元认知:年轻人和老年人的比较。
IF 1.6 4区 心理学
Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-16 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2023.2281691
Elena Giovanelli, Chiara Valzolgher, Elena Gessa, Tommaso Rosi, Chiara Visentin, Nicola Prodi, Francesco Pavani
{"title":"Metacognition for hearing in noise: a comparison between younger and older adults.","authors":"Elena Giovanelli, Chiara Valzolgher, Elena Gessa, Tommaso Rosi, Chiara Visentin, Nicola Prodi, Francesco Pavani","doi":"10.1080/13825585.2023.2281691","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13825585.2023.2281691","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Metacognition entails knowledge of one's own cognitive skills, perceived self-efficacy and locus of control when performing a task, and performance monitoring. Age-related changes in metacognition have been observed in metamemory, whereas their occurrence for hearing remained unknown. We tested 30 older and 30 younger adults with typical hearing, to assess if age reduces metacognition for hearing sentences in noise. Metacognitive monitoring for older and younger adults was overall comparable. In fact, the older group achieved better monitoring for words in the second part of the phrase. Additionally, only older adults showed a correlation between performance and perceived confidence. No age differentiation was found for locus of control, knowledge or self-efficacy. This suggests intact metacognitive skills for hearing in noise in older adults, alongside a somewhat paradoxical overconfidence in younger adults. These findings support exploiting metacognition for older adults dealing with noisy environments, since metacognition is central for implementing self-regulation strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":7532,"journal":{"name":"Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136395789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Evidence for an age-related decline in feature-based attention. 基于特征的注意力与年龄相关的下降的证据。
IF 1.6 4区 心理学
Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-10-20 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2023.2271583
Armien Lanssens, Kobe Desender, Celine R Gillebert
{"title":"Evidence for an age-related decline in feature-based attention.","authors":"Armien Lanssens, Kobe Desender, Celine R Gillebert","doi":"10.1080/13825585.2023.2271583","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13825585.2023.2271583","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Feature-based attention allows to efficiently guide attention to relevant information in the visual scene, but unambiguous empirical evidence on age-related effects is still limited. In this study, young and older participants performed a two-alternative forced choice task in which a response was selected based on a task-relevant number (=target) presented alone or with a task-irrelevant letter (=neutral distracter) or number (=compatible/incompatible distracter). Participants were required to select the target based on color. To compare the behavioral interference of the distracters between the age groups, data were modeled with a hierarchical drift-diffusion model. The results revealed that decreases in the rate at which information was collected in the conditions with versus without a distracter were more pronounced in the older than young age group when the distracter was compatible or incompatible. Our findings are consistent with an age-related decline in the ability to filter out distracters based on features.</p>","PeriodicalId":7532,"journal":{"name":"Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49673188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Loneliness and social isolation are not associated with executive functioning in a cross-sectional study of cognitively healthy older adults. 在一项针对认知健康老年人的横断面研究中，孤独和社交孤立与执行功能无关。
IF 1.6 4区 心理学
Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-10-22 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2023.2270208
Katelyn S McVeigh, Matthias R Mehl, Angelina J Polsinelli, Suzanne A Moseley, David A Sbarra, Elizabeth L Glisky, Matthew D Grilli
{"title":"Loneliness and social isolation are not associated with executive functioning in a cross-sectional study of cognitively healthy older adults.","authors":"Katelyn S McVeigh, Matthias R Mehl, Angelina J Polsinelli, Suzanne A Moseley, David A Sbarra, Elizabeth L Glisky, Matthew D Grilli","doi":"10.1080/13825585.2023.2270208","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13825585.2023.2270208","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The literature on the relationship between social interaction and executive functions (EF) in older age is mixed, perhaps stemming from differences in EF measures and the conceptualization/measurement of social interaction. We investigated the relationship between social interaction and EF in 102 cognitively unimpaired older adults (ages 65-90). Participants received an EF battery to measure working memory, inhibition, shifting, and global EF. We measured loneliness subjectively through survey and social isolation objectively through naturalistic observation. Loneliness was not significantly related to any EF measure (<i>p</i>-values = .13-.65), nor was social isolation (<i>p</i>-values = .11-.69). Bayes factors indicated moderate to extremely strong evidence (<i>BF</i><sub><i>01</i></sub> = 8.70 to <i>BF</i><sub><i>01</i></sub> = 119.49) in support of no relationship..   Overall, these findings suggest that, among cognitively healthy older adults, there may not be a robust cross-sectional relationship between EF and subjective loneliness or objective social isolation.</p>","PeriodicalId":7532,"journal":{"name":"Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49688358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Are subjective language complaints in memory clinic patients informative? 记忆门诊患者的主观语言抱怨是否提供了信息？
IF 1.6 4区 心理学
Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-10-22 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2023.2270209
Svetlana Malyutina, Alina Zabolotskaia, Victor Savilov, Timur Syunyakov, Marat Kurmyshev, Elena Kurmysheva, Irina Lobanova, Natalia Osipova, Olga Karpenko, Alisa Andriushchenko
{"title":"Are subjective language complaints in memory clinic patients informative?","authors":"Svetlana Malyutina, Alina Zabolotskaia, Victor Savilov, Timur Syunyakov, Marat Kurmyshev, Elena Kurmysheva, Irina Lobanova, Natalia Osipova, Olga Karpenko, Alisa Andriushchenko","doi":"10.1080/13825585.2023.2270209","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13825585.2023.2270209","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To diagnose mild cognitive impairment, it is crucial to understand whether subjective cognitive complaints reflect objective cognitive deficits. This question has mostly been investigated in the memory domain, with mixed results. Our study was one of the first to address it for language. Participants were 55-to-93-year-old memory clinic patients (<i>n</i> = 163). They filled in a questionnaire about subjective language and memory complaints and performed two language tasks (naming-by-definition and sentence comprehension). Greater language complaints were associated with two language measures, thus showing a moderate value in predicting language performance. Greater relative severity of language versus memory complaints was a better predictor, associated with three language performance measures. Surprisingly, greater memory complaints were associated with better naming, probably due to anosognosia in further disease progression or personality-related factors. Our findings highlight the importance of relative complaint severity across domains and, clinically, call for developing self-assessment questionnaires asking specific questions about multiple cognitive functions.</p>","PeriodicalId":7532,"journal":{"name":"Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49688357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Teaching older adults to use retrieval practice improves their self-regulated learning. 教老年人使用检索练习可以提高他们的自主学习能力。
IF 1.6 4区 心理学
Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-10-17 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2023.2271531
Robert Ariel, Addison Babineau, Sarah K Tauber
{"title":"Teaching older adults to use retrieval practice improves their self-regulated learning.","authors":"Robert Ariel, Addison Babineau, Sarah K Tauber","doi":"10.1080/13825585.2023.2271531","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13825585.2023.2271531","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Retrieval practice can reduce associative memory deficits for older adults but they underutilize this potent learning tool during self-regulated learning. The current experiment investigated whether teaching older adults to use retrieval practice more can improve their self-regulated learning. Younger and older adults made decisions about when to study, how often to engage in retrieval practice, and when to stop learning a list of medication-side effect pairs. Some younger and older adults received instructions before learning that emphasized the mnemonic benefits of retrieval practice over restudying material and described how to schedule retrieval practice to learn to a goal criterion level. This minimal intervention was effective for improving both younger and older adults' associative memory. These data indicate that a simple strategy for improving older adults self-regulated learning is to provide them with instructions that teach them how to use criterion learning to schedule their retrieval practice for to-be learned material.</p>","PeriodicalId":7532,"journal":{"name":"Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41231661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
"I don't know who you are": anomia for people's names in Alzheimer's disease. "我不知道你是谁"：老年痴呆症患者对人名的反常现象。
IF 1.6 4区 心理学
Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-13 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2024.2315773
Vanessa Gomes, Teresa Simón, Miguel Lázaro
{"title":"\"I don't know who you are\": anomia for people's names in Alzheimer's disease.","authors":"Vanessa Gomes, Teresa Simón, Miguel Lázaro","doi":"10.1080/13825585.2024.2315773","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13825585.2024.2315773","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>It is well known that difficulty in the retrieval of people's names is an early symptom of Alzheimer's Disease Dementia (ADD), but there is a controversy about the nature of this deficit. In this study, we analyzed whether the nature of the difficulty in retrieving proper names in ADD reflects pre-semantic, semantic, or post-semantic difficulties. To do so, 85 older adults, 35 with ADD and 50 cognitively healthy (CH), completed a task with famous faces involving: recognition, naming, semantic questions, and naming with phonological cues. The ADD group scored lower than the CH group in all tasks. Both groups showed a greater capacity for recognition than naming, but this difference was more pronounced in the ADD group. Additionally, the ADD group showed significantly fewer semantic errors than the CH group. Overall results suggest that the difficulties people with ADD have in naming reflect a degradation at semantic level.</p>","PeriodicalId":7532,"journal":{"name":"Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139728739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
How spatial-cue reliability affects navigational performance in young and older adults. 空间线索的可靠性如何影响年轻人和老年人的导航能力？
IF 1.6 4区 心理学
Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition Pub Date : 2024-08-14 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2024.2387362
Maayan Merhav
{"title":"How spatial-cue reliability affects navigational performance in young and older adults.","authors":"Maayan Merhav","doi":"10.1080/13825585.2024.2387362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13825585.2024.2387362","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Navigational abilities decline with age, but the cognitive underpinnings of this cognitive decline remain partially understood. Navigation is guided by landmarks and self-motion cues, that we address when estimating our location. These sources of spatial information are often associated with noise and uncertainty, thus posing a challenge during navigation. To overcome this challenge, humans and other species rely on navigational cues according to their reliability: reliable cues are highly weighted and therefore strongly influence our spatial behavior, compared to less reliable ones. We hypothesize that older adults do not efficiently weigh spatial cues, and accordingly, the reliability levels of navigational cues may not modulate their spatial behavior, as with younger adults. To test this, younger and older adults performed a virtual navigational task, subject to modified reliability of landmarks and self-motion cues. The findings revealed that while increased reliability of spatial cues improved navigational performance across both age groups, older adults exhibited diminished sensitivity to changes in landmark reliability. The findings demonstrate a cognitive mechanism that could lead to impaired navigation abilities in older adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":7532,"journal":{"name":"Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141974838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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