Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition最新文献

{"title":"Age-invariant approaches to cognitive reserve.","authors":"Carolien Torenvliet, Michelle G Jansen, Joukje M Oosterman","doi":"10.1080/13825585.2025.2471076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13825585.2025.2471076","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cognitive reserve (CR) and its measurement by proxies have gained interest in cognitive aging research. While CR proxies seem valuable for predicting cognitive function, their measures are often conflated with age effects. The current study aims to address this by introducing an age-invariant approach of CR. We included 380 participants (age = 18-79) from the Advanced Brain Imaging on aging and Memory (ABRIM) study who completed the Cognitive Reserve Index questionnaire (CRIq), a measure to estimate verbal IQ, and several neuropsychological tasks in the domains of memory, executive function and attention/speed. With various regression models and structural equation modeling, we assessed age effects on the CRIq subscales and their predictive value on cognitive function. Results showed a significant non-linear age effect on the Education and Occupation subscale of the CRIq and a linear age effect on the Leisure subscale. New age-corrections derived from these effects were more accurate than age-corrections from the original norm scores. Moreover, the three cognitive domains were significantly predicted in the expected direction by the new age-corrected CRIq scores, and not by the raw scores or original age-corrected scores. However, compared to verbal IQ, the predictive value of these CRIq scores was still low. Associations between the CRIq and cognitive function seemed to vary across the lifespan, but were not consistently stronger for older adults. These findings illustrate the importance of age adjustments in CR research. Most importantly, appropriate age-adjustments may be sample specific and non-linear effects to properly correct for age must be considered.</p>","PeriodicalId":7532,"journal":{"name":"Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition","volume":" ","pages":"1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143490442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of timing perception strategy on intertemporal decision-making in older adults: the role of subjective time perception.","authors":"Guogen Li, Yifan Chen, Xiaowei Lu, Yu Cheng, Quanping Jia, Lin Zhang, Wenjun Gui","doi":"10.1080/13825585.2025.2459626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13825585.2025.2459626","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With the global aging population, an increasing number of researchers are interested in the intertemporal choice issues faced by older adults. Previous studies have examined how age-related differences in time perception affect intertemporal choices. However, the impact of time perception strategy on intertemporal decision-making among older adults remains unclear. This study was designed to examine how timing perception strategy influence decision-making among older adults while also exploring the possible mechanisms. We manipulated timing perception strategy preferences through priming in two experiments (Experiment 1, <i>n</i> = 160; Experiment 2, <i>n</i> = 129). Both intertemporal decision-making tasks and matching tasks were used to validate the findings. The results indicated that younger adults tend to prefer external strategy, which is associated with a longer subjective time perception and a stronger inclination toward immediate rewards. In contrast, older adults were more likely to prefer internal strategy, which correlates with a shorter subjective time perception and a preference for delayed gratification. Moreover, subjective time perception played a fully mediating role in the impact of timing perception strategy on intertemporal decision-making, with age moderating the influence of these strategies on subjective time perception. These findings suggest that the influence of timing perception strategy on intertemporal decision-making may be mediated by subjective time perception and that differences in strategy preferences could help explain age-related difference in decision-making preferences. This study provides a novel perspective on the mechanisms behind age-related differences in intertemporal decision-making by revealing how cognitive and time perception uniquely shape decision-making processes in older adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":7532,"journal":{"name":"Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition","volume":" ","pages":"1-22"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143466402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How do older adults correct memory errors? The effects of practice and metacognitive strategies.","authors":"Nuria Montoro-Membila, María J Maraver, Alejandra Marful, Teresa Bajo","doi":"10.1080/13825585.2025.2464583","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13825585.2025.2464583","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Older adults often exhibit a higher susceptibility to false memories compared to younger adults, partly due to age-related declines in executive functions. Mullet and Marsh (2016) demonstrated that false memory errors in younger adults, elicited through sentences with pragmatic implications, can be corrected when errors are noticed and replaced after corrective feedback. However, the effect of feedback on the correction of false memories has not yet been tested in older adults, a key question given the increased vulnerability of older adults to memory errors. To address this, we conducted two experiments comparing younger and older participants using two feedback types: simply providing the correct answer or providing the correct answer with a follow-up question prompting revision of previous responses. In Experiment 1, participants underwent pre- and post-feedback memory tests (as in Mullet & Marsh, 2016), with an additional study-recall cycle for new, non-studied material (transfer test). Experiment 2 investigated this further by adding an additional study-retrieval phase, including pre- and post-feedback tests, in order to increase training in retrieval practice and metacognitive strategies. Results indicated that both age groups improved correct recall and reduced memory errors, with older adults benefiting most from repeated practice and feedback, demonstrating a transfer of learning strategies to new material. We highlight the role of engaging in effortful memory strategies to promote better learning during adulthood and aging.</p>","PeriodicalId":7532,"journal":{"name":"Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition","volume":" ","pages":"1-31"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143439563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A tale of two ages: fluid reasoning as a predictor of working memory training efficacy in middle-aged and older adults.","authors":"Luka Juras, Marina Martincevic, Andrea Vranic","doi":"10.1080/13825585.2025.2452496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13825585.2025.2452496","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Research on working memory (WM) training reveals significant variability in training effects, indicating that pretraining cognitive abilities might account for these differences. However, consensus on whether higher (magnification account) or lower (compensation account) pretraining abilities predict greater training effects remains elusive. Our study aimed to clarify the role of fluid reasoning in predicting training performance (i.e. training scores at each session) and gains on near transfer WM tasks. We conducted two studies: Study 1 focused on middle-aged adults (47-65 years) and Study 2 on older adults (65-83 years). Participants in both studies were randomly assigned to either adaptive <i>n</i>-back training or an active control group and have all completed three WM tasks before and after 20 training sessions - the trained <i>n</i>-back task and two structurally different untrained tasks. Generally, greater average training scores were found in individuals with higher fluid reasoning for both age groups, although this trend did not reach statistical significance in older adults. Similarly, higher fluid reasoning predicted greater training gains only in the sample of middle-aged adults. Further analysis showed that both, middle-aged and older participants in the training groups exhibited higher gains on the trained <i>n</i>-back task but not on two other WM tasks. Additionally, fluid reasoning predicted <i>n</i>-back gains in both the training and control group. Consistent with a growing body of research, our results show limited generalization of training effects across untrained tasks. It seems that factors beyond pretraining ability should be considered when explaining between-participant differences in training performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":7532,"journal":{"name":"Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition","volume":" ","pages":"1-23"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142998425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neighborhood-level socioeconomic disadvantage is associated with multiple cognitive domains in a community sample of older adults.","authors":"Rebecca G Reed, Abby R Hillmann","doi":"10.1080/13825585.2025.2454517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13825585.2025.2454517","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Greater neighborhood disadvantage is associated with poorer global cognition. However, less is known about the variation in the magnitude of neighborhood effects across individual cognitive domains and whether the strength of these associations differs by individual-level factors. The current study investigated these questions in a community sample of older adults (<i>N</i> = 166, mean age = 72.5 years, 51% women), who reported current addresses, linked to state-level Area Deprivation Index rankings, and completed remote and validated neuropsychological tests of verbal intelligence (North American Adult Reading Test), verbal fluency (Controlled Oral Word Association Test), attention (Digit Span Forward), and working memory (Digit Span Backward and Sequencing, Letter-Number Sequencing). Linear regressions tested associations between neighborhood disadvantage and each cognitive test, controlling for individual-level factors (age, sex, education). Exploratory analyses tested moderation by each individual-level factor. Independent of individual-level factors, greater neighborhood disadvantage was associated with lower cognitive performance across domains: verbal intelligence (β = 0.30, <i>p</i> < .001), verbal fluency (β = -0.19, <i>p</i> = .014), attention (β = -0.19, <i>p</i> = .024), and two of three tests of working memory (β = -0.17- -0.22, <i>ps</i> = .004-.039). Results were robust to correction for multiple comparisons and tests of spatial autocorrelation. In addition, higher neighborhood disadvantage was associated with lower verbal fluency for older - but not younger-older adults (<i>p</i> = .035) and with poorer working memory in women but not men (<i>p</i> < .001). Education did not moderate associations. Findings suggest that older adults living in more disadvantaged neighborhoods exhibit lower cognitive performance, particularly in the domain of verbal intelligence. Continued investigation of effect modification may be fruitful for uncovering for whom associations are strongest.</p>","PeriodicalId":7532,"journal":{"name":"Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142998369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disfluency across the lifespan: an individual differences investigation.","authors":"Paul E Engelhardt, Ioanna Markostamou","doi":"10.1080/13825585.2024.2354958","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13825585.2024.2354958","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study had two research objectives. The first was to examine age-related differences in the fluency of speech outputs, as prior research contains conflicting findings concerning whether older adults produce more disfluency than younger adults. The second was to examine cognitive individual differences, and their relationship with the production of disfluency. One hundred and fifty-four adults completed a story re-telling task, and a battery of cognitive measures. Results showed that younger adults produced more <i>um's</i> and fewer repetitions. For individual differences, results showed that inhibition and set shifting were related to the production of repetitions, and inhibition and working memory were related to uh production. Our results provide clarification about mixed findings with respect age and disfluency production. The individual differences provide clarification on theoretical arguments for disfluent speech in aging (e.g. <i>Inhibition Deficit Hypothesis</i>), and also sheds light on the role of executive functions in models of language production.</p>","PeriodicalId":7532,"journal":{"name":"Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition","volume":" ","pages":"93-117"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141064845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Memory and automatic processing of valuable information in younger and older adults.","authors":"Dillon H Murphy, Kara M Hoover, Alan D Castel, Barbara J Knowlton","doi":"10.1080/13825585.2024.2360226","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13825585.2024.2360226","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>People often engage in the selective remembering of valuable or important information, whether strategic and/or automatic. We examined potential age-related differences in the automatic processing of value during encoding on later remembering by presenting participants with words paired with point values (range: 1-10 twice or 1-20) to remember for a later test. On the first three lists, participants were told that they would receive the points associated with each word if they recalled it on the test (their goal was to maximize their score). On the last three lists, we told participants that all words were worth the same number of points if recalled on the tests, thus making the point value paired with each word meaningless. Results revealed that selective memory may be impaired in older adults using procedures with larger value ranges. Additionally, we demonstrated that the automatic effects of value may have a greater effect on younger adults relative to older adults, but there may be instances where older adults also exhibit these automatic effects. Finally, strategic and automatic processes may not be related within each learner, suggesting that these processes may rely on different cognitive mechanisms. This indicates that these processes could be underpinned by distinct cognitive mechanisms: strategic processes might engage higher-level cognitive operations like imagery, while automatic processes appear to be more perceptually driven.</p>","PeriodicalId":7532,"journal":{"name":"Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition","volume":" ","pages":"142-168"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11604819/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141160725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ask how they did it: untangling the relationships between task-specific strategy use, everyday strategy use, and associative memory.","authors":"Caitlin M Terao, Sara Pishdadian, Morris Moscovitch, R Shayna Rosenbaum","doi":"10.1080/13825585.2024.2345408","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13825585.2024.2345408","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Past research has shown that self-reported everyday strategy use and task-specific strategy use are related to associative memory performance in aging. Understudied is the relationship between these types of strategy use, whether they predict associative memory performance, and how this may differ across genders.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A sample of older adults (<i>N</i> = 566, 53% female, ages 60-80) completed this online study. Study measures included 1. Multifactorial Memory Questionnaire (MMQ) Strategy Use subscale, a self-report measure of everyday strategy use, 2. Face-Name Task (FNT), a measure of associative memory, and 3. self-initiated number and types of strategies used on the FNT. Analyses examined the interrelationships among all study measures and their relative contributions to FNT performance while accounting for intraindividual factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants who reported using more strategies on the FNT performed better than those who used fewer or no strategies; those who reported using at least three strategies and relating FNT to past experience performed best. Women outperformed men on the FNT but did not differ in task-specific strategy use. Participants who reported using no strategies on the FNT had lower MMQ Strategy Use scores. A multiple regression analysis indicated that female gender and using at least two task strategies were significant predictors of greater FNT performance.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results indicate that task-specific strategy use relates more to associative memory performance than to everyday strategy use, but neither accounts for the female advantage in FNT performance. Findings encourage querying task-specific strategy use to contextualize age-related associative memory decline.</p>","PeriodicalId":7532,"journal":{"name":"Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition","volume":" ","pages":"29-54"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140890565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shift happens: aging alters the content but not the organization of memory for complex events.","authors":"Can Fenerci, Emily E Davis, Sarah E Henderson, Karen L Campbell, Signy Sheldon","doi":"10.1080/13825585.2024.2360216","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13825585.2024.2360216","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>While cognitive aging research has compared episodic memory accuracy between younger and older adults, less work has described differences in how memories are encoded and recalled. This is important for memories of real-world experiences, since there is immense variability in which details can be accessed and organized into narratives. We investigated age effects on the organization and content of memory for complex events. In two independent samples (N = 45; 60), young and older adults encoded and recalled the same short-movie. We applied a novel scoring on the recollections to quantify recall accuracy, temporal organization (temporal contiguity, forward asymmetry), and content (perceptual, conceptual). No age-effects on recall accuracy nor on metrics of temporal organization emerged. Older adults provided more conceptual and non-episodic content, whereas younger adults reported a higher proportion of event-specific information. Our results indicate that age-related differences in episodic recall reflect distinctions in what details are assembled from the past.</p>","PeriodicalId":7532,"journal":{"name":"Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition","volume":" ","pages":"118-141"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141174267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of the Telephone-based Daily Instrumental Activities of Living (T-DIAL) to assess financial management remotely in older adults.","authors":"Jennifer L Thompson, Steven Paul Woods, Troy A Webber, Luis D Medina, Kenneth Podell, Hanako Yoshida, Darrian Evans, Natalie C Ridgely, Michelle A Babicz, Elliott M Gomez, Andrea Mustafa","doi":"10.1080/13825585.2024.2352900","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13825585.2024.2352900","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The current study evaluated the reliability and validity of a novel, performance-based banking task in 60 younger (18-34 years) and 60 older (50-85 years) adults. All participants completed the Telephone-based Daily Instrumental Activities of Living (T-DIAL) using interactive voice response technology to complete a series of mock actions with a financial institution via telephone. The T-DIAL showed strong inter-rater reliability and internal consistency. T-DIAL accuracy was significantly and independently related to better self-reported instrumental activities of daily living and executive functions at a large effect size. Findings from this study provided preliminary supportive evidence for the reliability and validity of the T-DIAL, which had robust associations with manifest everyday functioning and higher-order cognitive ability. Future work is needed on the psychometrics (e.g. test-retest reliability, normative standards), and construct validity (e.g. diagnostic accuracy) of the T-DIAL in neurocognitive disorders and under-served communities for whom remote evaluations might be particularly relevant.</p>","PeriodicalId":7532,"journal":{"name":"Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition","volume":" ","pages":"69-92"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140896527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}