Low income, being without employment, and living alone: how they are associated with cognitive functioning-Results from the German national cohort (NAKO).

IF 1.6 4区心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL

Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition Pub Date : 2024-12-17 DOI:10.1080/13825585.2024.2438825

Francisca S Rodriguez, Susanne Röhr, Nico Dragano, Börge Schmidt, Heiko Becher, Tamara Schikowski, Sylvia Gastell, Volker Harth, Hanno Hoven, Jakob Linseisen, Karina Halina Greiser, Michael Leitzmann, Patricia Bohmann, Stefanie Castell, Jana-Kristin Heise, Lilian Krist, Thomas Keil, André Karch, Henning Teismann, Ilais Moreno Velásquez, Tobias Pischon, Annette Peters, Amand Führer, Rafael Mikolajczyk, Kathrin Günther, Tilman Brand, Claudia Meinke-Franze, Sabine Schipf, Hans J Grabe, Hermann Brenner, Lena Koch-Gallenkamp, Klaus Berger, Michael Wagner, Verena Katzke, Wolfgang Lieb, Alexander Pabst, Steffi G Riedel-Heller

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Abstract

Aim was to investigate to what extent cognitive functioning differs by three socioeconomic conditions: low income, being without employment, and living alone. A total of N = 158,144 participants of the population-based German National Cohort (NAKO) provided data on socioeconomic conditions and completed cognitive tests. Multivariable confounder-adjusted regression analyses indicated that cognitive functioning was lower in those with low income (b = -0.21) compared to not having low income, living alone (b = -0.04) compared to not living alone, and being without employment (b = -0.09) compared to being employed. An interaction with age indicated that the difference in cognitive functioning was getting larger with age between the income groups and living alone status groups. Accordingly, the three conditions appear independently associated with poorer cognitive functioning. Pathways of how cognitive health in this population group can be improved need to be explored.

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来源期刊

Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition Multiple-

CiteScore

4.30

自引率

5.30%

发文量

期刊介绍： The purposes of Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition are to (a) publish research on both the normal and dysfunctional aspects of cognitive development in adulthood and aging, and (b) promote the integration of theories, methods, and research findings between the fields of cognitive gerontology and neuropsychology. The primary emphasis of the journal is to publish original empirical research. Occasionally, theoretical or methodological papers, critical reviews of a content area, or theoretically relevant case studies will also be published.