Neuropsychologia最新文献

{"title":"Radiomics neurobiomarkers for distinguishing mathematical-related areas in children with elevated ADHD symptoms","authors":"Violeta Pina ,&nbsp;Víctor M. Campello ,&nbsp;James R. Booth ,&nbsp;Javier Fenollar-Cortés","doi":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109215","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109215","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Children with ADHD symptoms are at higher risk of experiencing mathematical difficulties. Individuals with ADHD often exhibit lower mathematical accuracy and rely on more basic strategies, even without comorbid learning disorders. In this study, we aim to identify whether this higher risk is associated with general (e.g. executive function) or specific (e.g. calculation) mathematical abilities by analyzing brain areas in structural imaging with radiomics. We used a public brain imaging dataset of mathematical development in children to define two subgroups: one with ADHD symptoms and a control group, matched for age mean and variance. Then, we explore the differences in brain regions related to mathematical performance between these groups using radiomics features in structural imaging. Our results confirm a lower mathematical performance in the group with ADHD symptoms in the behavioral analysis. Structurally, we found differences between the groups in key brain regions associated with attention and memory, including the inferior and middle frontal cortex bilaterally, the right posterior cingulate cortex, and the left hippocampus. Features related to shape demonstrated the highest predictive power. We hypothesize that children with ADHD symptoms might have difficulties with 'number attention' and propose future studies in this area.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19279,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychologia","volume":"217 ","pages":"Article 109215"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144523265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resolving conflicting interpretations: Theta band oscillations and the role of cognitive control","authors":"Albert E. Kim ,&nbsp;Valerie J. Langlois ,&nbsp;Tal Ness ,&nbsp;Madeleine Wade ,&nbsp;Jared M. Novick","doi":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109214","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109214","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>While processing language, readers and listeners frequently encounter conflicting cues and must select the most plausible interpretation from incompatible alternatives. We tested the hypothesis that cognitive control aids in resolving representational conflicts by biasing processing toward the correct interpretation when multiple analyses of linguistic input are possible. Participants read temporarily ambiguous sentences alongside semantically and syntactically anomalous sentences. Ambiguous sentences, such as “While Anna dressed the baby spit up on the bed,” require resolving conflicts between competing interpretations, whereas semantic and syntactic anomalies, though they increase processing demands, do not involve such conflicts. Building on evidence from non-linguistic tasks, we used EEG to assess whether neural oscillations in the theta band (4–8 Hz) serve as a real-time index of cognitive control in resolving conflicting interpretations of linguistic input. Our findings revealed increased theta-band activity over right frontal electrodes during the processing of ambiguous sentences, indicating cognitive control engagement. Additionally, a neural decoding analysis showed that theta-band activity reliably distinguished between correctly and incorrectly understood ambiguous sentences, suggesting that theta activity not only reflects cognitive control engagement but also guides comprehenders toward the correct interpretation. In contrast, ERP analyses showed the expected P600 effects for syntactic anomalies and N400 effects for semantic anomalies, confirming the processing complexity associated with these sentences; however, theta power did not increase for these items. The results support the hypothesis that theta-band oscillations specifically reflect cognitive control processes involved in resolving representational conflicts in language comprehension, helping to prevent interpretation errors and providing insights into the temporal dynamics of cognitive control during sentence processing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19279,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychologia","volume":"217 ","pages":"Article 109214"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144369020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gait disorientation as a proxy for impaired spatial navigation: Associations between the Gait Disorientation Test and vestibular-mediated functions","authors":"Keenan W. Batts ,&nbsp;Susan L. Whitney ,&nbsp;Bryan C. Heiderscheit ,&nbsp;Colin R. Grove","doi":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109212","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109212","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Dizziness and imbalance from vestibular dysfunction may lead to gait disorientation and impaired construction of mental maps needed for spatial navigation. The Gait Disorientation Test (GDT), consisting of two components, walking eyes open (WEO) and walking eyes closed (WEC), can identify gait disorientation. We aimed to examine associations between the GDT and measures that reflect aspects of spatial navigation.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>40 adults (20 with vestibular hypofunction, 20 controls) recruited from the community completed the GDT, Sensory Organization Test (SOT), Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale, Dizziness Handicap Inventory, dynamic visual acuity testing, and the 5-Times-Sit-to-Stand Test. The composite score (COMP) and sensory analysis scores for somatosensory (SOM), vision (VIS), vestibular (VEST), and vision preference (PREF) were calculated for the SOT.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The GDT was associated with the COMP (p &lt; 0.001), VIS (p &lt; 0.001), VEST (p = 0.001), and PREF (p = 0.021) but not the SOM (p = 0.223) scores. WEO was associated with VIS (−0.35 [-0.59, −0.04], p = 0.028), VEST (−0.32 [-0.57, −0.01], p = 0.046), and the COMP score (−0.44 [-0.66, −0.14], p = 0.005). WEC was associated with VIS (−0.73 [-0.85, −0.55], p &lt; 0.001), VEST (−0.52 [-0.71, −0.24], p = 0.001), PREF (−0.37 [-0.61, −0.07], p = 0.018), and the COMP score (−0.75 [-0.86, −0.57], p &lt; 0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>Greater gait disorientation on the GDT is moderately to strongly associated with balance in challenging sensory conditions. Stronger associations with WEC likely reflect the importance of the vestibular system for spatial navigation. Performance on the GDT might be viewed as a proxy for spatial navigation ability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19279,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychologia","volume":"217 ","pages":"Article 109212"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144340291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Manipulating memory processing during sleep to explore the critical duration of reactivation events","authors":"Andrew Lazarus ,&nbsp;Adrianna Bassard ,&nbsp;Eitan Schechtman","doi":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109211","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109211","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Newly encoded memories are reactivated and consolidated during sleep. However, how the reactivation of a specific memory unfolds over time is poorly understood. What are the temporal dynamics of a single reactivation event within a period of sleep? Does extending a single reactivation opportunity translate to stronger memory benefits? We explored these dynamics by utilizing targeted memory reactivation (TMR), a technique that biases the consolidation of memories via the unobtrusive presentation of memory-associated cues during sleep. Participants learned the on-screen positions of sixty objects, each linked with a unique sound (e.g., cat - meow). Some sounds were then presented during non-REM sleep, with the duration allotted for reactivation causally controlled by varying the timing of the interstimulus interval. TMR did not lead to uniform improvement in memory, and no differences were observed between objects allotted short (2.5 s) and long (7.5 s) reactivation windows. However, memory for objects allotted short windows was impacted by TMR in an encoding-strength-dependent manner, with poorly encoded objects benefiting the most. Classification models trained on EEG data revealed memory reactivation that was time-locked to sound onset during sleep, and this measure of reactivation was linked with memory gains one week later. We did not find evidence for reactivation that extended beyond the time window immediately after sound onset (&lt;2 s). Although our results are not entirely conclusive, they suggest that the critical processes supporting memory consolidation conclude within &lt;2 s after reactivation onset and that extended reactivation windows do not confer additional benefits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19279,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychologia","volume":"217 ","pages":"Article 109211"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144338316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association of brain injury severity with dream cessation and nightmares.","authors":"Sam Fisher-Hicks, Victoria Lovett, Rodger Ll Wood, Mark Blagrove","doi":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109209","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109209","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mesial frontal and temporoparietal brain areas differ in activity between high and low dream recallers, and lesion studies have found cessation of dreaming in patients with damage to these areas. This study extends these findings by assessing the relationship of dream cessation, and dream and nightmare frequencies, to severity of injury in patients at a head trauma clinic. 52 participants (M=36, F=16; mean age = 39.69, SD = 13.72) completed a questionnaire assessing frequency of dreams, nightmares and night terrors, tests for depression and anxiety, and a neuropsychological examination and test battery. 34.6% of patients reported that they do not dream, which is comparable to Solms' (1997) finding of 34.9% in his brain injury sample. This contrasts with the rate of not reporting dreams in the general population of 6.1 to 7.1%. Dream cessation participants had significantly greater severity of brain injury as measured by the Glasgow Coma Scale and post traumatic amnesia, but cessation was not related to neuropsychological scores. Compared to the general population there was a higher prevalence of weekly nightmares (13.5%) and also of reporting never having nightmares (48.1%), the former predicted by anxiety, the latter by brain injury severity. The data cannot distinguish between whether brain injury is halting the production of dreams or causes failure to encode and recall dreams on waking. Future studies using within-sleep behavioral or imaging methods may distinguish between these possibilities. Future studies should also determine if recovery of dream experience is predictive of more global recovery from brain injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":19279,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychologia","volume":" ","pages":"109209"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144340292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sleep and script-based memory distortions","authors":"Margherita Calderan ,&nbsp;Enrico Toffalini ,&nbsp;Chiara Mirandola ,&nbsp;Nicola Cellini","doi":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109210","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109210","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sleep has been widely studied for its role in memory consolidation, including its influence on false memory formation. While previous research suggests that sleep enhances associative false memories, its effect on reconstructive memory distortions remains unclear. This study investigated whether sleep influences false memory production in a script-based paradigm, which reflects real-world memory distortions. Seventy-two participants were assigned to either a Sleep or Wake condition, undergoing memory testing before and after a 12-h delay. False memories were assessed through gap-filling and inferential causal errors, using visually presented narratives depicting everyday events with neutral or emotionally negative outcomes. Results showed no reliable effect of sleep on false memory formation, regardless of error type or emotional valence. These preliminary findings contrast with prior studies using associative paradigms, suggesting that script-based false memories may rely on cognitive mechanisms that are less susceptible to sleep-related consolidation. Our study highlights the importance of task-specific processes in shaping the relationship between sleep and memory distortions, suggesting the need for further research to clarify the conditions under which sleep may contribute to memory distortions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19279,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychologia","volume":"217 ","pages":"Article 109210"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144322925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The categorical effect of negative emotion on memory before and after sleep deprivation","authors":"Phoebe Aney ,&nbsp;Shengzi Zeng ,&nbsp;Elizabeth A. Kensinger ,&nbsp;Seo Ho Song ,&nbsp;Tony J. Cunningham","doi":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109208","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109208","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Human memory tends to bias negative over neutral information. Recent evidence suggests that this bias may be due to a categorical effect of emotionally salient information, which diminishes when negative information is less frequent. Moreover, sleep loss has been shown to impair memory. Here, we aimed to replicate this categorical–over valence–bias for emotional information and determine the influence of total sleep deprivation (TSD) on this effect.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Forty-four healthy adults completed two learning-and-memory tasks: once before and once after a night of TSD. In each task, they were presented with 100 words ranging from neutral to negative. Participants were randomized into a “high” (50 % of words were negative) or “low” (12.5 % negative words) frequency condition. Recognition memory was assessed after a brief delay.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Contrary to our hypothesis, we did not observe a shift in negative memory bias based on frequency condition. Before TSD, participants in both conditions (“high” and “low”) recalled more negative words than neutral words. Memory was impaired after TSD, for both negative and neutral words, yet a similar negative memory bias persisted across both the high and low frequency conditions, as measured by hit rate and sensitivity. Despite an absence of interaction between valence and condition, we observed a condition-related difference after TSD, with participants in the “low” condition adopting a more liberal response strategy, demonstrating a greater tendency to label all words as old compared to those in the “high” condition.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>A significant memory bias for negative words was present for both frequency conditions, both before and after TSD. While we were unable to replicate the loss of an emotional memory bias with altered frequency, we did find some evidence that frequency may interact with sleep loss to influence response strategy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19279,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychologia","volume":"217 ","pages":"Article 109208"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144340293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Processing of implicit time: Evidence from event-related potentials","authors":"Yuxin Hao ,&nbsp;Xun Duan","doi":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109205","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109205","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The previous studies on the mechanism of aspectual coercion processing were focused on English, Polish, and Japanese, with a lack of studies on Chinese. The present study focused on Chinese aspectual coercion, an expression of implicit time, and explored the cognitive mechanism of aspectual coercion processing in Chinese. In our experiment, we manipulated two kinds of stimulus onset asynchrony(SOA). In long SOA, early Anterior Negativity(AN) and late AN were elicited; in short SOA, there was a triphasic effect of N400, late AN and semantic P600. The results showed that early AN in long SOA may be related to predicting errors; late AN may reflect reinterpretation process of lexical aspect; N400 in short SOA suggested that aspectual coercion processing may refer to semantic processing; semantic P600 in short SOA may reflect secondary reinterpretation or repairing of lexical aspect. Meanwhile, the results also showed that aspectual coercion processing varies in different languages and the processing of lexical aspect is different from that of grammatical aspect.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19279,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychologia","volume":"217 ","pages":"Article 109205"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144336771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Individual-level neuroimaging of cognitive control: from basic science to brain tumor clinical applications","authors":"Shir Hartman ,&nbsp;Tamar Arnon ,&nbsp;Yaara Erez","doi":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109207","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109207","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cognitive control is the ability to pursue goal-directed behavior, select relevant information, and flexibly adapt to changing environments. A wide range of cognitive control functions is subserved by distributed regions primarily in frontal and parietal cortices. The individualized neuroimaging approach emphasizes the importance of functional organization at the individual level to reveal fine-grained details of functional brain networks. Here, we first review how this approach elucidates the multifaceted neural substrates of cognitive control, focusing on the domain-general ‘Multiple Demand’ network. Critically, we highlight the translational promise of this approach in clinical research and practice, where brain mapping and prediction at the individual patient level is a primary goal. Individual-level neuroimaging in patients with brain tumors is introduced as a test case, with a particular focus on cognitive control processes. We demonstrate how integration of multiple modalities is used to achieve precise and comprehensive mapping to advance surgical treatment, clinical decision-making, and post-surgery cognitive outcome prediction, aiming to improve patients' quality of life. Finally, we discuss challenges and avenues to facilitate individualized multi-modality neuroimaging in translational research, promoting the development of personalized diagnosis and therapeutic strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19279,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychologia","volume":"217 ","pages":"Article 109207"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144329942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Specialized response of default mode subnetworks and multiple-demand regions to changes in social content, place and time","authors":"Ashley X. Zhou ,&nbsp;Reza Rajimehr ,&nbsp;Arsalan Firoozi ,&nbsp;John Duncan ,&nbsp;Daniel J. Mitchell","doi":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109206","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109206","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study used functional MRI data from the <em>StudyForrest</em> dataset to investigate the role of subnetworks of the default mode network (DMN) during naturalistic stimulus transitions of different types and magnitudes. We found distinct activation profiles within the DMN: the dmPFC subnetwork was specifically associated with social and location transitions, the MTL subnetwork preferred location and temporal transitions, while the Core DMN subnetwork responded to all three transition types. The multiple-demand network instead responded selectively to temporal transitions. These distinct response profiles appeared largely invariant to the semantic distance implied by the transitions. All subnetworks also responded significantly, and in a graded manner, to subjective event boundaries. Results suggest specific roles of the DMN subnetworks in perceiving and segmenting naturalistic events, supporting the view that DMN subnetworks cooperate in interpreting continuous external events and maintaining an updated contextual model of the world.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19279,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychologia","volume":"217 ","pages":"Article 109206"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144329941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}