Neuropsychologia最新文献

{"title":"EEG Resting-State Beta Band Dynamic Functional Connectivity Reveals State-Dependent Disruption of Language Network Lateralisation in First-Episode Schizophrenia.","authors":"Romain Aubonnet, Federico Fiori Nastro, Cherubino Di Lorenzo, Mahmoud Hassan, Paolo Gargiulo, Stefano Seri, Giorgio Di Lorenzo","doi":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2026.109612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2026.109612","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Language disorganisation is a core feature of schizophrenia with significant functional consequences. However, its neurophysiological substrates remain poorly characterised, particularly in the early stages of the illness. This study investigated whether first-episode schizophrenia (FES) is associated with disruption in the organisation of language-network lateralisation, using both static and dynamic functional connectivity metrics in the EEG beta band. Thirty-one FES patients and 32 age-matched healthy volunteer subjects (HVS) underwent resting-state 64-channel EEG. Source-level connectivity was estimated using the weighted phase lag index with sliding windows, yielding 979 connectivity matrices per participant. Brain network states (BNS) were identified via k-means clustering. Static connectivity was obtained by time-averaging. Temporal features, graph-theoretical metrics, and language-network laterality indices were extracted for both whole-network and language-specific analyses. Group comparisons used permutation-based tests with family-wise error correction. Static connectivity yielded no significant group differences in any metric. Dynamic analysis identified six BNS. FES showed a significant increase in the variability of the temporal dynamics and graph-theory features of BNS5, a state characterised by parieto-occipital dominance. The core language network laterality index was significantly reduced in FES within BNS1, a state characterised by auditory-visual dominance. BNS1 occurrence correlated negatively with language disorganisation scores. Dynamic BNS-specific language network metrics correlated with verbal fluency performance exclusively in FES. These findings demonstrate that language dysfunction in early psychosis is expressed as state-dependent disruption of brain network stability and language lateralisation, detectable only through dynamic connectivity analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":19279,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychologia","volume":" ","pages":"109612"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149224702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Semantic working memory supports phrasal planning: Evidence from acute stroke.","authors":"Rachel Zahn, Heather Dial, Tatiana Schnur, Randi Martin","doi":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2026.109608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2026.109608","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examined the contribution of semantic and phonological working memory (WM) to lexical-semantic planning during language production for individuals tested acutely after left-hemisphere stroke. Participants completed tasks assessing phrase and sentence production, single-word retrieval, semantic and phonological WM, and single-word input processing. Using a constrained production paradigm that manipulated structure (phrase vs. sentence) and number of adjectival modifiers (one vs. two), we found that semantic WM capacity, indexed by performance on a category probe task, predicted accuracy in producing phrases containing multiple content words, even after controlling for single-word processing abilities. In contrast, phonological WM capacity, indexed by performance on a digit matching span task, did not relate to production accuracy. The relation to semantic WM was specific to the condition with the largest number of content words within a phrase (two-adjective noun phrase). These findings support the contention that lexical-semantic planning occurs phrase by phrase and is constrained by the capacity of a semantic maintenance buffer that supports activation and maintenance of multiple lexical-semantic representations prior to articulation. In contrast, phonological planning appears to operate within a narrower window that makes few demands on phonological WM. The results converge with prior neuropsychological evidence linking semantic WM to phrase-level planning and further imply that the phrase serves as the default scope of lexical-semantic encoding in production. Implications for models of WM and language production are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":19279,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychologia","volume":" ","pages":"109608"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149183455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adolescent pragmatic development mirrors pragmatic individual differences in adulthood: An fMRI study.","authors":"Christoffer Forbes Schieche, Julia Uddén","doi":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2026.109604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2026.109604","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pragmatic development is still ongoing during adolescence. However, the developmental trajectory during this period is understudied and the underlying neural correlates of pragmatic development are unknown. In this study, we used an established fMRI paradigm contrasting indirect and direct speech acts in a newly acquired adolescent sample (n = 51) and a previously collected adult sample (n = 57). The adolescent sample was subdivided into Young (ages 13-15) and Mid (ages 16-18) groups and the adult sample (Old, ages 20-36) was split based on pragmatic skill level (established in separate behavioral tests). We observed age-related increases in activity in the posterior medial superior frontal gyrus, and a combination of age-related differences and adult individual differences in the dorsal aspects of the posterior cingulate cortex (dPCC). Both clusters were located outside the classic perisylvian language network. We interpret the dPCC findings in terms of its overlap with the Default Mode Network. Similar activity in the dPCC between adolescents and adults with lower pragmatic skill is consistent with a view that a delayed adolescent development may lead to persistent pragmatic difficulties in adulthood. The findings also indicate development towards context-specific processing. By studying adolescence, a presumably uniquely human extended developmental period, we provide a rare empirical angle on the question of which aspects of brain and cultural evolution contributed to the human communicative faculty.</p>","PeriodicalId":19279,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychologia","volume":" ","pages":"109604"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149148467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What's in sleep for memory and emotion?","authors":"Emma C Sullivan, Scott A Cairney, Marcus O Harrington","doi":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2026.109603","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2026.109603","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19279,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychologia","volume":" ","pages":"109603"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149112742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do age and episodic memory task performance differentially relate to tract-specific white matter microstructure? Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses in a healthy adult sample","authors":"Ariana Popoviciu,&nbsp;Suparna Rajaram,&nbsp;Timothy Brackins,&nbsp;Lauren L. Richmond","doi":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2026.109394","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2026.109394","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Advancing age is typically associated with declines in both episodic memory function and white matter microstructure (WMM), although there is substantial variability in these trajectories. Relatively little work has attempted to isolate the associations between age, episodic memory function, and WMM in tracts associated with episodic memory, namely the fornix, superior longitudinal fasciculus, the uncinate fasciculus, and the cingulum bundle. Given the limited research modeling these variables together, we investigated their interrelations in cognitively normal adults drawn from the Nathan Kline Institute Rockland Sample by examining, both cross-sectionally (<em>n</em> = 301; age <em>M</em> = 52.4; Range = 19-85) and longitudinally (<em>n</em> = 147; baseline age <em>M</em> = 56.36; Range = 38-71), whether individual differences in WMM modify the typical age-related trajectory of episodic memory decline as indexed by delayed free recall. Cross-sectional results reveal that both delayed free recall and WMM decreased significantly with age. When modeled together, however, age predicted delayed free recall, whereas WMM was associated with delayed recall performance only in the fornix above and beyond variance explained by age. Longitudinal analyses reveal that changes in WMM did not significantly predict change in delayed free recall performance over time, and advancing age was also not a strong predictor of changes in WMM. Together, findings from our healthy sample across the adult lifespan suggest that episodic memory measured by delayed free recall may have more subtle associations with WMM maintenance than it does with chronological age.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19279,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychologia","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 109394"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146143038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of mental images on reasoning: A study on aphantasia","authors":"Damien Le Clézio ,&nbsp;Maël Delem ,&nbsp;Merlin Monzel ,&nbsp;Gaën Plancher","doi":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2026.109376","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2026.109376","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There is a long-standing debate about the role of visual mental images in reasoning. Knauff and Johnson-Laird's (2002) Visual Imagery Impedance Effect (VIIE) suggests visual imagery can hinder abstract reasoning, as evidenced by slower responses to visual compared to spatial and control problems. Aphantasia, reduced or absent visual imagery, offers a unique opportunity to test this hypothesis. In an online version of the reasoning paradigm used in VIIE studies, aphantasics and typical imagers completed three problem types (visual, spatial, control), while reaction times and accuracy scores were measured. In addition, a second classification, based on the Object-Spatial Imagery and Verbal Questionnaire (OSIVQ), was employed to differentiate participants according to their cognitive style and explore possible performance differences between the visualiser, spatialiser and verbaliser clusters. While our study replicated the VIIE in typical imagers, demonstrating robust evidence of a slowdown for visual problems in comparison to spatial and control ones, the effect was inconclusive for aphantasics. Although inconclusive, our results suggest that the VIIE may be smaller in participants with aphantasia than in those without. Furthermore, when complete aphantasics are distinguished from hypophantasics, we observed that the former may have a smaller VIIE than the latter. Finally, our OSIVQ classification-based analyses revealed a meaningful slowdown in reasoning for the visualiser cluster, pointing to a possible influence of cognitive style on performance. Overall, our results demonstrated the importance of considering the influence of mental images and cognitive styles in theories of reasoning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19279,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychologia","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 109376"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146125959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A neural model of conscious mental imagery and aphantasia","authors":"Jianghao Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2026.109392","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2026.109392","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mental imagery refers to one's quasi-perceptual experience in the absence of direct external input. Yet around 4% of individuals with “aphantasia” report an inability to voluntarily generate such experiences. This phenomenon provides a natural experiment that challenges current theories of imagery, which typically assume that reactivation of the visual cortex in imagery generation is sufficient for experience. In fact, aphantasics can reactivate the visual cortex during imagery tasks, suggesting that additional processes are required for conscious imagery. In this theory paper, I propose a neural model of conscious imagery, specifying multiple stages of processing, in which <em>generation</em> provides initial sensory reactivations, <em>integration</em> binds visual features into coherent perceptual-like objects or scenes, and <em>amplification</em> enhances them for conscious access. Attention appears to be necessary, though not sufficient, for conscious imagery. This architecture of processing is supported by a fronto-parietal-fusiform network shaped by two interacting attention systems. Aphantasia primarily reflects deficits in top-down modulation, with preserved generation but impaired integration and amplification of internal representations, linked to altered interactions between frontoparietal networks and the fusiform gyrus. Overall, this model reframes imagery as an active, constructive process shaped by the dynamic interplay of higher-order networks, including attentional, intentional, and memory-control systems, rather than a passive reactivation of sensory representation. It offers a testable neuromechanistic account bridging research on imagery and consciousness, motivating future research on unconscious and conscious processing of internal representations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19279,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychologia","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 109392"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146137725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"State but not trait measures of vividness relate to memory accuracy","authors":"William Duckett,&nbsp;Jon S. Simons","doi":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2026.109399","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2026.109399","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vivid mental imagery is often assumed to relate to memory accuracy, but recent empirical findings from studies of mental imagery and aphantasia have found conflicting results regarding this association. Recent literature has found the modality of stimulus may influence this association, and that vividness and confidence of memories may change over the lifespan. Therefore, the present study investigates the relationship between mental imagery vividness and memory for scenes, with a focus on modality-specific and age-related effects, and relationships with confidence. Using a novel experimental procedure, young and older participants memorised objects within scenes and later identified whether specific changes had occurred. Results indicated that while trait-level and averaged measures of vividness did not predict memory accuracy, trial-by-trial state measures were significantly related to subsequent performance. Additionally, results provided evidence that mental imagery may relate to visual aspects of memory more than spatial aspects. Older adults reported higher vividness ratings but performed worse on average than young adults. Confidence and vividness were highly correlated but remained distinct subjective experiences. Re-analysis of an existing related dataset involving people with aphantasia confirmed state-level findings regarding vividness and memory accuracy, highlighting limitations of previous research relying on averaged and trait-level measures. Results identify the need for future research to analyse vividness on a trial-by-trial basis to appropriately investigate the relationship between mental imagery vividness and memory accuracy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19279,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychologia","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 109399"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146192307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationships between fine memory discrimination and tau burden in two independent cohorts of older adults","authors":"Laura Fenton ,&nbsp;Vahan Aslanyan ,&nbsp;Diane M. Jacobs ,&nbsp;David P. Salmon ,&nbsp;James B. Brewer ,&nbsp;Robert A. Rissman ,&nbsp;Aladdin H. Shadyab ,&nbsp;Theresa M. Harrison ,&nbsp;A. Carol Evans ,&nbsp;Andrea Z. LaCroix ,&nbsp;Howard H. Feldman ,&nbsp;Laura D. Baker ,&nbsp;Judy Pa","doi":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2026.109393","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2026.109393","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cognitive assessments sensitive to the integrity of the medial temporal lobe, an area vulnerable to early tau deposition, may serve as low-cost adjunctive markers of underlying tau pathology in older adults. The Mnemonic Similarity Task (MST) is a fine memory discrimination task designed to assess hippocampal integrity. The current cross-sectional study utilized baseline data from two AD prevention trials (the Anti-Amyloid Treatment in Asymptomatic Alzheimer's (A4) study and the Exercise in Adults with Mild Memory Problems (EXERT) trial) to examine relationships between MST performance, amyloid-beta, tau, and hippocampal volume. We additionally explored relationships between performance on a traditional memory test, Logical Memory, and AD-related brain measures. Poorer fine memory discrimination was associated with higher tau as assessed by PET in A4 (N = 407, 59% female, mean age = 71.66, age range = 65–85) and CSF (p-tau181, total tau) in EXERT (N = 41, 61% female, mean age = 74.10, age range = 65–89). Poorer fine memory discrimination was also associated with higher amyloid PET in A4 and smaller hippocampal volume in EXERT. Poorer delayed recall on Logical Memory was associated with higher tau and amyloid burden in A4 and with lower hippocampal volume in EXERT. Poorer retention on Logical Memory was associated with higher tau in Braak I and amyloid in A4 and with CSF tau and lower hippocampal volume in EXERT. These results support the potential of fine memory discrimination as measured by the MST as an adjunctive, accessible screening measure associated with higher tau in cognitively normal, amyloid positive older adults and older adults with amnestic MCI.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19279,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychologia","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 109393"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146166073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preserved perception-action dissociation but altered visuomotor behaviours in healthy aging","authors":"Felicia Tassone ,&nbsp;Zoha Ahmad ,&nbsp;Tzvi Ganel ,&nbsp;Erez Freud","doi":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2026.109381","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2026.109381","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The two visual pathways hypothesis posits distinct brain systems for vision-for-perception and vision-for-action. While this dissociation is well-established in younger adults, its integrity in healthy aging remains unclear. To address this, younger (<em>n</em> = 25, range: 18–25 years) and older adults (<em>n</em> = 25, range: 65–95 years) completed estimation and grasping tasks in two experiments. In Experiment 1, two rectangular objects with varying lengths (40 mm and 42 mm) were placed on the “far” and “close” surfaces of a Ponzo illusion. Despite age-related changes in grasping kinematics, the perception–action dissociation persisted. The Ponzo illusion influenced estimation such that objects placed on the “far” surface were perceived as longer. In contrast, grasping was not affected by the illusion in the same way, and showed effect in the opposite direction, with larger apertures for objects placed on the “close” surface of the illusion. Experiment 2 tested whether this reversed effect was mediated by the surface size on which the object was placed, rather than perceived distance. To this end, we removed the illusory distance cues and varied only the background surface size (“big” versus “small”). While perceptual estimations were unaffected, surface size modulated grasping in both age groups, with a stronger effect in older adults. Additionally, grasping times were slower for the far surface in both groups in Experiment 1, whereas this slowing was evident only in older adults in Experiment 2. These findings indicate that the perception–action dissociation is preserved in aging, but older adults rely more on contextual cues during action, potentially reflecting compensatory mechanisms to maintain visuomotor performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19279,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychologia","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 109381"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146106384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}