Neuropsychologia最新文献

{"title":"Transcranial Random Noise Stimulation shifts Time Reproduction in Opposite Directions for ADHD and TD Individuals.","authors":"Fatima Asad, Keri Gladhill, Matthew Peterson, Martin Wiener","doi":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109105","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Non-invasive brain stimulation is being explored as a potential method for enhancing cognitive function and reducing symptoms in individuals with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), the most common neurodevelopmental disorder in children. Time perception, the ability to estimate and process time intervals, is often impaired in individuals with ADHD and is crucial for daily tasks like planning, decision-making, task completion, etc., Here we examined the effect of Transcranial Random Noise Stimulation (tRNS) on time perception in ADHD individuals. A total of 40 participants, including 20 individuals with ADHD and 20 healthy controls, underwent tRNS over the prefrontal cortex while completing a time perception task. The findings indicate that tRNS improved time perception accuracy in the ADHD group, bringing their performance closer to accurate time intervals. In contrast, the healthy control group showed a decline in time perception accuracy, moving further away from accurate time intervals following stimulation. These results suggest that tRNS produced opposite effects on time perception in ADHD individuals compared to healthy controls. We conclude that tRNS may offer potential therapeutic benefits for individuals with ADHD. Future research could explore whether additional tRNS sessions or stimulation of different brain regions might yield even more promising results.</p>","PeriodicalId":19279,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychologia","volume":" ","pages":"109105"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143542778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The nature of syntactic working memory during relative clause processing: fMRI evidence from multiple anatomic ROIs","authors":"Wenjia Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhiqiang Yan ,&nbsp;Jie Dong ,&nbsp;Xinyi Liu ,&nbsp;Aoke Zheng ,&nbsp;Hong Liang ,&nbsp;Hao Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109107","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109107","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Relative clauses (RC) are a common embedded structure in natural language. They can be classified as Subject-extracted RC (SRC) and object-extracted RC (ORC). Previous studies have suggested an ORC advantage in Chinese. This is consistent with the memory-based theories, which propose that more syntactic working memory (SWM) is needed during the Chinese SRC processing than the ORC processing. However, it is still unclear about the nature of the SWM (language-specific vs. domain-general). In the current study, participants were asked to read Chinese SRC and ORC sentences while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning. Because of the important role of the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and superior temporal gyrus (STG) in SWM, these two brain regions were divided into sub-regions. Critically, LIFG_orbital is more related to language-specific processing whereas LIFG_opercular is more related to domain-general processing. Activation analyses and Granger causality (GC) analyses were both conducted. The results first provided more neurophysiological evidence of the ORC advantage in Chinese. More importantly, the results of activation analyses showed that LIFG_oper was more activated in the contrast of SRC &gt; ORC. In contrast, the results of GC analyses showed that LIFG_orb was more involved in the SRC-specific connectivity. Altogether, these results suggest that the SWM induced by the contrast of SRC &gt; ORC was related to both the language-specific and domain-general processing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19279,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychologia","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 109107"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143537479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards a genetics of semantics? False memories and semantic memory organization in Williams syndrome","authors":"Carlos Romero-Rivas ,&nbsp;Lucía Sabater ,&nbsp;Pablo Rodríguez Gómez ,&nbsp;Irene Hidalgo de la Guía ,&nbsp;Sara Rodríguez-Cuadrado ,&nbsp;Eva M. Moreno ,&nbsp;Elena Garayzábal Heinze","doi":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109106","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109106","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Williams syndrome (WS) is a rare genetic neurodevelopmental disorder caused by microdeletion of a critical region on chromosome 7q11.23. At the cognitive level, it is usually characterized by moderate intellectual disability and deficits in visuospatial skills, while showing relative strengths in verbal skills and nonverbal reasoning. Despite their apparent good performance with verbal skills, previous studies have suggested that the structure of semantic memory may be altered in people diagnosed with WS. In this study, we explored the organization of semantic memory in WS through the Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) paradigm, a task in which participants are induced to produce false memories through semantic associations. 24 participants with WS and 24 controls matched for gender and verbal mental age participated in the study. Results showed that the WS group, compared to the control group, had less false memories of critical lures, and made associations with words less related to the items studied. Taken together, these results suggest that semantic memory organization may be atypical in WS. We discuss how certain genes usually associated with the WS cognitive phenotype, <em>GTF2I</em> and <em>GTF2IRD1</em>, might modulate the development of brain areas responsible for semantic processing, ultimately producing atypical associations between words in the semantic networks of the mental lexicon.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19279,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychologia","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 109106"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143535027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Somatosensory influence on auditory cortical response of self-generated sound","authors":"Nozomi Endo ,&nbsp;Coriandre Vilain ,&nbsp;Kimitaka Nakazawa ,&nbsp;Takayuki Ito","doi":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109103","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109103","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Motor execution which results in the generation of sounds attenuates the cortical response to these self-generated sounds. This attenuation has been explained as a result of motor relevant processing. The current study shows that corresponding somatosensory inputs can also change the auditory processing of a self-generated sound. We recorded auditory event-related potentials (ERP) in response to self-generated sounds and assessed how the amount of auditory attenuation changed according to the somatosensory inputs. The sound stimuli were generated by a finger movement that pressed on a virtual object, which was produced by a haptic robotic device. Somatosensory inputs were modulated by changing the stiffness of this virtual object (low and high) in an unpredictable manner. For comparison purposes, we carried out the same test with a computer keyboard, which is conventionally used to induce the auditory attenuation of self-generated sound. While N1 and P2 attenuations were clearly induced in the control condition with the keyboard as has been observed in previous studies, when using the robotic device the amplitude of N1 was found to vary according to the stiffness of the virtual object. The amplitude of N1 in the low stiffness condition was similar to that found using the keyboard for the same condition but not in the high stiffness condition. In addition, P2 attenuation did not differ between stiffness conditions. The waveforms of auditory ERP after 200 ms also differed according to the stiffness conditions. The estimated source of N1 attenuation was located in the right parietal area. These results suggest that somatosensory inputs during movement can modify the auditory processing of self-generated sound. The auditory processing of self-generated sound may represent self-referenced processing like an embodied process or an action-perception mechanism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19279,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychologia","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 109103"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143531555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cerebellum as a neural substrate for impoverishment in early psychosis","authors":"Eric Toyota ,&nbsp;Michael Mackinley ,&nbsp;Angelica M. Silva ,&nbsp;Yuchao Jiang ,&nbsp;Tyler C. Dalal ,&nbsp;Caroline Nettekoven ,&nbsp;Lena Palaniyappan","doi":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109094","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109094","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Formal Thought Disorder and includes both positive (i.e., disorganized speech) and negative (i.e., impoverished speech) symptoms. Emerging evidence suggests that the cerebellum plays a critical role in cognitive functions, including language processing. This study leverages Natural Language Processing to objectively measure language disturbances in patients with first-episode psychosis and investigates the relationship between these disturbances and cerebellar structure.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Fifty-four patients with schizophrenia, either drug-naïve or minimally medicated, were recruited from an early psychosis program. Impoverished thought was assessed using the Thought Language Index while lexico-semantic features (affect, cognitive, linguistic, perception, time) were identified from speech samples analyzed using the Linguistic Inquiry Word Count-22 software. Structural cerebellar analysis was completed on 7.0 Tesla MRI scans using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) to measure global and regional grey matter volume changes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Linear regression analysis revealed that reduced perceptual word usage was the strongest predictor of impoverished thinking. Correlational analysis identified reduced cerebellar volumes in patients with lower LIWC-based perception scores. VBM localized this relationship to a cluster in the right posterolateral cerebellar hemisphere, an area related to executive demand and verb generation function.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The cerebellum contributes to impoverished thinking in early psychosis, likely by influencing the lexical expression of perceptual experiences. This underscores the cerebellum's role in higher-order cognitive processes relevant to psychotic disorders and its potential as a therapeutic target for language and cognitive deficits in schizophrenia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19279,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychologia","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 109094"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143478830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Linking the multiple-demand cognitive control system to human electrophysiological activity","authors":"Runhao Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109096","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109096","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The frontoparietal multiple-demand (MD) network serves as a core system for domain-general cognitive control, with robust activation with increased demand across diverse tasks. While fMRI studies have characterised the MD network's role in cognitive demand, linking these findings to electrophysiological activity remains a critical challenge. This article discusses the potential of oscillatory and aperiodic neural activity to bridge this gap. Although recent meta-analyses highlight mid-frontal theta power as a robust marker of task demand, its localised spatial distribution, limited cross-task generalisability, and potential confounds from aperiodic components limit its ability to fully represent the MD network. In contrast, aperiodic activity, particularly broadband power, has emerged as a strong candidate for indexing task demand due to its robust decoding performance and cross-task generalisability in response to diverse task demands, and spatial overlap with MD regions. Aperiodic activity may reflect fundamental neural properties, such as spiking rates and excitation/inhibition (E/I) balance, and is scale-free and exists across modalities, positioning it as a promising mechanism underpinning domain-general cognitive control that links to the MD network. Meanwhile, multiplexed low-frequency oscillations (e.g., delta and theta) may implement inter-regional synchronisation within the MD network, enabling large-scale coordination between MD subregions that supports cognitive control. Together, this article proposes a hypothetical framework linking the MD network to electrophysiological responses: Aperiodic broadband power, potentially reflecting population-level spiking activity, may support activation within MD regions, while multiplexed low-frequency oscillatory synchronisations may mediate inter-regional connectivity between MD regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19279,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychologia","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 109096"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143449591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrophysiological evidence for the effect of tactile temporal prediction","authors":"Rongxia Ren ,&nbsp;Yinghua Yu ,&nbsp;Xiaoyu Tang ,&nbsp;Shinnosuke Suzumura ,&nbsp;Yoshimichi Ejima ,&nbsp;Jinglong Wu ,&nbsp;Jiajia Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109095","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109095","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Predicting the timing of incoming information allows the brain to optimize information processing in dynamic environments. Temporal predictions have been shown to facilitate processing of events at predicted time points. Little is still known about how temporal predictions based on rhythm are neurally implemented and affect performance in tactile modality. Here, we manipulated the interstimulus interval to examine the mechanisms underlying the tactile temporal predictions. Using event-related potential (ERPs) technology, we looked at the effect of temporal prediction on tactile processing. At predicted time points, the temporal predictions led to attenuation of N1 component, enhancement of P2 component. Crucially, these electrophysiological modulations were obtained in tactile modality. The current research demonstrates that rhythms can drive temporal prediction, affecting early and late stages of tactile neural processing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19279,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychologia","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 109095"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143441464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Similar neural networks for anger and pride in older adults","authors":"Jae S. Hong ,&nbsp;Leona R. Bätz ,&nbsp;Shuer Ye ,&nbsp;David C. Reutens ,&nbsp;Natalie C. Ebner ,&nbsp;Maryam Ziaei","doi":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109087","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109087","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There has been a significant amount of research on the neural mechanisms underlying \"basic emotions\" but relatively less research on complex social emotions like pride, embarrassment, guilt, or shame. The aim of this study was to investigate age-related differences in the neural basis of processing anger, joy, pride, and embarrassment, and possible association with well-being measurements, such as depression, anxiety and stress. Twenty-four younger and twenty-five older adults underwent functional imaging while viewing videos of four emotions and indicating the emotion expressed. Using multivariate analysis (Partial Least Squares), we found that older adults engaged a similar network for both anger and pride, while younger adults recruited two separate networks for positive vs. negative emotions, regardless of whether the emotion was basic or social. Furthermore, older adults with higher stress scores and younger adults with higher depression scores, as measured by the Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale (DASS-21), activated a similar brain network during recognition of embarrassment. These findings suggest that both pride and anger are emotionally salient and require similar cognitive and attentional resources in older adults, while younger adults’ neural activity is modulated by the valence, rather than the social content of stimuli. Our results also highlight the importance of considering age when studying the neural basis of complex, self-conscious, emotions and their association with well-being measurements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19279,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychologia","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 109087"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143374325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of attention in basic ensemble statistics processing","authors":"Anton Lukashevich ,&nbsp;Heida Maria Sigurdardottir ,&nbsp;Nikita Kydriavstsev ,&nbsp;Igor Utochkin","doi":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109086","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109086","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The visual system can represent information about multiple objects in the form of ensemble statistics, such as their mean feature. Although ensemble representation is often considered a strategy to deal with attentional capacity limitations, it is under debate whether it requires attention. We investigated this question using two ERP markers, the P3 which is evoked by change detection of attended stimuli, and visual mismatch negativity (vMMN) which is elicited by automatic sensory discrimination when attention is diverted from the critical stimulus. In Experiment 1 (attended ensemble changes), observers attended to ensembles and reported rare changes of their mean orientation, while fixating on a central cross. In Experiment 2 (unattended ensemble changes), participants attended to changes in a central cross and ignored the background ensemble stimuli that also sporadically changed mean orientation. When ensembles were attended, changes in their mean evoked the P3 component, a marker of conscious change detection. When the same ensembles were unattended, no evidence for the vMMN, a marker of automatic discrimination, to ensemble mean changes was found. These results let us suggest that attention dedicated to the ensemble task is critical for ensemble discrimination.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19279,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychologia","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 109086"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143122738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond the neural underpinnings of action emulation in expert athletes: An EEG study","authors":"Saskia Wilken ,&nbsp;Adriana Böttcher ,&nbsp;Christian Beste ,&nbsp;Markus Raab ,&nbsp;Sven Hoffmann","doi":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109085","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109085","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Athletes specializing in sports demanding rapid predictions and hand-eye coordination are highly trained in predicting the consequences of motor commands. This can be framed as highly efficient action emulation, but the neural underpinnings of this remain elusive. We examined the neural processes linked to the training effect of athletes (4000 h of training) by employing a continuous pursuit tracking task and EEG data. We manipulated feedback availability by intermittently occluding the cursor. As a performance measure, we used the distance between cursor and target (position error), the angle between the cursor and target movement direction (direction error) and the magnitude of cursor acceleration (acceleration error) to quantify movement strategy. In EEG data, we investigated beta, alpha, and theta frequency band oscillations. Athletes' position error is lower than non-athletes’ when there is no feedback about the cursor location, but direction error is not. We found no quantitative power differences in the investigated frequency bands, but evidence that athletes and non-athletes accomplish action emulation through different functional neuroanatomical structures, especially when alpha and beta band activity is concerned. We surmise that non-athletes seemed to rely on top-down inhibitory control to predict guesses on cursor trajectories in the absence of cursor position feedback. In contrast, athletes might benefit from enhanced inhibitory gating mechanisms in the ventral stream and the integration of sensory and motor processes in the insular cortex, which could provide them with processing advantages in computing forward models. We further reflect that this advantage might be supported by alpha band activity in athletes' motor cortex, suggesting less inhibitory gating and a higher likelihood of executing integrated sensorimotor programs. We posit that current framings of neuroanatomical structures and neurophysiological processes in the action emulation framework must be revised to better capture superior motor performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19279,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychologia","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 109085"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143080723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}