Neuropsychologia最新文献

{"title":"A decade of aphantasia research – and still going!","authors":"Adam Zeman","doi":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109278","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109278","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aphantasia, a term coined in 2015, refers to the lack of wakeful visual imagery. Research since then has clarified the nature of this intriguing variation in human experience. I review several unanswered questions which are currently under investigation. First, it appears unlikely that aphantasia is a single entity. If not, what are its subtypes? I consider 5 dimensions of variation that may be relevant. Second, given that people with aphantasia manage so well in everyday life, is it possible that they benefit from ‘unconscious imagery’? Third, what light does aphantasia shed on the functions of imagery? Finally, I emphasise the need to keep an open mind in this young area of research and point to its relevance to the debate surrounding introspection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19279,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychologia","volume":"219 ","pages":"Article 109278"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145138020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unsupervised clustering reveals spatial and verbal cognitive profiles in aphantasia and typical imagery","authors":"Maël Delem ,&nbsp;Sema Turkben ,&nbsp;Eddy Cavalli ,&nbsp;Denis Cousineau ,&nbsp;Gaën Plancher","doi":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109279","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109279","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mental imagery is a ubiquitous phenomenon for many people. Its absence - aphantasia - has recently attracted increasing scientific interest. Individuals with aphantasia are found to perform as well as typical imagers in most areas. Several studies have proposed that individuals with aphantasia might have a more ‘semantic and abstract’ mode of functioning. The present study aimed to better understand the cognitive profile of individuals with aphantasia by examining their performance regarding semantic and abstract processing. To that end, 45 participants with aphantasia and 51 controls completed questionnaires and behavioural tasks assessing sensory and spatial imagery, verbal strategies, verbal and non-verbal reasoning, and verbal and spatial working memory. Initial group comparisons revealed minimal differences. Rather than limiting our investigation to predefined group comparisons, we then adopted a trans-categorical, data-driven approach to uncover latent cognitive profiles based on task performance and subjective reports. Unsupervised clustering across the full sample revealed three clusters of cognitive profiles centred respectively on visual imagery, spatial imagery and verbal strategies. Crucially, individuals with aphantasia were distributed across two of these profiles. One showed low visual imagery but maintained multisensory imagery and high spatial imagery, while the other displayed low imagery across all sensory modalities and stronger reliance on verbal processing. These findings reveal significant heterogeneity within both aphantasia and control groups, extending beyond differences in visual imagery. They highlight the importance of considering spatial and verbal cognitive dimensions alongside visual phenomenology. By identifying cognitive profiles that transcend traditional imagery classifications, our results support a multidimensional framework for understanding how individual differences in mental representation relate to behaviour.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19279,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychologia","volume":"219 ","pages":"Article 109279"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145150106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping the imageless mind: Towards a taxonomy of aphantasia","authors":"Paolo Bartolomeo","doi":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109276","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109276","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19279,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychologia","volume":"219 ","pages":"Article 109276"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145138078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional roles of Swedish pitch accents and their phonological and cognitive markedness","authors":"Hatice Zora ,&nbsp;Helena Bowin ,&nbsp;Mattias Heldner ,&nbsp;Tomas Riad ,&nbsp;Peter Hagoort","doi":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109273","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109273","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In Swedish, words are associated with either of two pitch contours labelled as Accent 1 and Accent 2. At least one of them is taken to be phonologically and cognitively marked. Besides encoding lexical tonal distinctions, these accents reflect intonational prominence. Drawing on data from psychometric and electroencephalographic (EEG) measures, we scrutinized the functional load of the accents for the processing of linguistic input, and explored any potential processing differences between Accent 1 and Accent 2. Experimental stimuli consisted of one hundred sets of auditory dialogues, where test words were accented either appropriately or inappropriately within their respective contexts. Native speakers of Central Swedish were tasked with judging the correctness of sentences containing the test words, actively in the psychometric paradigm and passively in the EEG paradigm. Psychometric data from forty participants revealed that accent violations exerted a statistically significant negative impact on correctness judgements. Both Accent 1 and Accent 2 violations were deemed as incorrect by the listeners, indicating that listeners use both of them to arrive at the correct interpretation of the linguistic input. Moreover, there was a statistically significant difference in the perceived correctness of violations depending on the accent pattern. Accent 2 violations received a lower rating for correctness in comparison to Accent 1 violations, suggesting that listeners show more sensitivity to accent violations in Accent 2 words than in Accent 1 words. EEG data from twenty participants were in accordance with the psychometric data, and documented larger negative ERP responses, observed at both early and later latencies, to Accent 2 violations compared to Accent 1 violations, reflecting neurocognitive difficulty associated with the processing of linguistic input. Put differently, the application of wrong accent pattern for Accent 2 words resulted in higher costs for spoken communication than Accent 1 words, which is in line with the notion that Accent 2 is marked both phonologically and cognitively in Central Swedish. This pattern of results provides evidence that the brain not only extracts and utilizes pitch accents for a coherent interpretation of the linguistic input but also treats them differently depending on their phonological and cognitive markedness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19279,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychologia","volume":"219 ","pages":"Article 109273"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145125167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of targeted reactivation on memories cued once or multiple times during a nap","authors":"Matthew Cho,&nbsp;Sandhya Murugavel,&nbsp;Alison S. Thiha,&nbsp;Eitan Schechtman","doi":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109275","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109275","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>During sleep, memory traces are reactivated and consolidated into long-term memory. Discrete reactivation events involve coordinated activity between the hippocampus and neocortex. In this study, we examined whether the number of reactivation events directly translates to benefits to memory. To test this, we used targeted memory reactivation, a technique to selectively bias reactivation for certain memories by presenting non-invasive sensory cues. Participants (<em>N</em> = 31) completed a computerized object-location task, in which 60 images were presented along with related sounds. During non-REM sleep, 40 of these sounds were presented either once (20 sounds) or five times (20 sounds) in an interleaved fashion. Participants then completed another task designed to interfere with the previously encoded spatial memories, before being tested again on the initial object positions. The results showed no significant performance benefits for cued objects regardless of the number of sound presentations. This may be due to the interference task, which substantially increased error rates. Nevertheless, we found differences between the electrophysiological profiles linked with multiple vs. single sound presentation during sleep. Sigma spectral power predicted improvements in performance for the objects cued five times, but not for those cued once. For sounds presented once, benefits from sleep were predicted by post-sound power in the delta band. Although our results did not fully resolve the question of the relationship between the number of reactivation events and subsequent memory benefits, they inform future research using targeted memory reactivation to selectively bias memory during sleep.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19279,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychologia","volume":"219 ","pages":"Article 109275"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145125232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Autonomic, neurodevelopmental, and early adversity correlates of acquired aphantasia","authors":"Wenyue Gao ,&nbsp;Yoko Nagai ,&nbsp;Juha Silvanto","doi":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109272","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109272","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aphantasia (the inability to voluntarily generate mental imagery) has traditionally been studied as a congenital or neurological condition. However, historical and clinical reports also implicate affective and stress-related factors in the onset of imagery loss, which are themselves associated with disrupted interoception and autonomic nervous system dysfunction. To investigate these links, we surveyed individuals with self-identified acquired aphantasia (N = 59) using structured questions and validated questionnaires assessing early adversity (Childhood Trauma Questionnaire), anxiety symptoms (GAD-7), autonomic reactivity (Body Perception Questionnaire–Short Form; Atrial Fibrillation Symptoms Questionnaire), and neurodevelopmental traits (AQ-10, ASRS-6). 62 % of participants reported psychological triggers for their aphantasia, 41 % cited neurological or physiological events, and 30 % identified pharmacological factors. Nearly half of the participants described a combination of these influences, with psychological factors frequently co-occurring with medication use or physical events, suggesting that acquired aphantasia may oftenhave multifactorial origins rather than a single isolated cause. Compared to typical imagers, individuals with acquired aphantasia reported significantly higher levels of childhood trauma and increased supra-diaphragmatic autonomic reactivity, as well as significantly elevated scores on measures of ADHD and autism. These findings suggest that acquired aphantasia may not only follow neurological injury but can also emerge in the context of affective conditions shaped by early adversity and neurodevelopmental vulnerability. Affective disturbances may contribute to imagery loss by altering the subjective experience of autonomic signals and disrupting the integration of bodily, emotional, and cognitive information required to generate vivid mental representations. In conclusion, these results support an affective-autonomic pathway to acquired aphantasia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19279,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychologia","volume":"219 ","pages":"Article 109272"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145081269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Naming practice effects and inconsistencies relate to treatment outcome in people with aphasia","authors":"Janina Wilmskoetter ,&nbsp;Katherine Blackwood ,&nbsp;Sigfus Kristinsson ,&nbsp;Grant Walker ,&nbsp;Julius Fridriksson ,&nbsp;Deena Schwen Blackett ,&nbsp;Dirk B. den Ouden ,&nbsp;Chris Rorden ,&nbsp;Argye E. Hillis ,&nbsp;Gregory Hickok ,&nbsp;Sara Sayers ,&nbsp;Leigh Ann Spell ,&nbsp;Leonardo Bonilha","doi":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109271","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109271","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background and aims&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Intra-individual variability in language performance has been proposed as a factor associated with treatment outcomes in chronic aphasia. However, the nature of linguistic variability and the degree to which it informs therapeutic success remains poorly understood. In this study, we sought to (1) assess person- and item-level factors associated with naming variability, practice effects, and item-based inconsistencies, (2) determine the relation between intra-individual naming variability, practice effects, and item-based inconsistencies at baseline and treatment outcome in aphasia, and (3) determine the treatment impact on the change in variability and consistency of naming responses.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Method&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Seventy-eight participants with chronic (&gt;6 months post-stroke) aphasia after a unilateral left-hemisphere stroke completed the Philadelphia Naming Test (PNT) twice over two consecutive days prior (at baseline) to receiving six weeks of lexical processing treatment. For each participant, we calculated the absolute difference in correctly named items between the two PNTs at baseline (which we termed “naming variability”) and the change from the first to second PNT at baseline (which we termed “naming practice effect”). Further, we classified participants’ naming responses for each item on the two PNTs as correct-correct, one-correct, and incorrect-incorrect. One-correct responses reflected intra-individual naming inconsistencies for the same item across the two baseline PNTs (which we termed “naming inconsistencies”). We assessed the relationship between naming variability, practice effects, inconsistencies, and person-level factors (aphasia severity, aphasia type, apraxia of speech, stroke severity, age, education), item-level factors (word frequency, length, phonological neighborhood density), treatment response (the change in the rate of correct responses from before to after treatment).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The rate of correct naming responses on the two baseline PNTs did not statistically differ across the 78 participants; thus, there was no significant practice effect. However, variability and inconsistencies were common, with a difference of up to 17 % in correctly named items and up to 45 % of the same items named once correctly and once incorrectly between the two baseline PNTs. Naming variability was significantly related to aphasia type and severity, and inconsistencies were related to aphasia type, severity, the presence of apraxia of speech, and target word frequency. While naming variability was not associated with treatment outcome, practice effects and inconsistencies at baseline were significantly associated with treatment outcome and explained 36 % and 6 % of the variance in the change in the rate of correct responses from before to after treatment, respectively. Using 5-fold cross-validation, practice effects and inconsistencies had a coefficient of determi","PeriodicalId":19279,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychologia","volume":"219 ","pages":"Article 109271"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145070099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distinct neural processing underlying visual face and object perception in dyslexia","authors":"Brent Pitchford ,&nbsp;Hélène Devillez ,&nbsp;Heida Maria Sigurdardottir","doi":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109268","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109268","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Developmental dyslexia is a disorder marked by difficulties in reading, spelling, and connecting sounds to written language. The high-level visual dysfunction hypothesis suggests these difficulties may partially arise from abnormalities in high-level visual cognition such as the ability to integrate visual input for higher-order cognitive functions such as reading. Here we examined adult (mean age = 35) dyslexic readers’ neural functioning as they recognized identities of nonlinguistic visual objects, specifically houses and faces. We measured two event-related potential (ERP) components, the N170 and N250, which are linked to face and object processing – N170 with early structural encoding and N250 with familiarity and identification. In this study, dyslexic readers consistently showed reduced N250 amplitude, potentially suggesting abnormal neural processes relating to the individuation or subordinate-level representation of visual objects. This was despite similar behavioral performance for dyslexic readers. Early neural processes in dyslexic readers were largely intact as shown by their N170. These results highlight the distinct underlying neural processes that contribute to high-level visual cognition in dyslexia and help to further our understanding of how these neural processes might contribute to reading challenges that are characteristic of the disorder.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19279,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychologia","volume":"219 ","pages":"Article 109268"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145016002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of aperiodic neural activity on sleep-based emotional memory consolidation across the lifespan","authors":"Zachariah R. Cross ,&nbsp;Amanda Santamaria ,&nbsp;Scott W. Coussens ,&nbsp;Mark J. Kohler","doi":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109270","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109270","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sleep neurophysiology undergoes significant changes across the lifespan, which coincide with age-related differences in memory, particularly for emotional information. However, the mechanisms that underlie these effects remain poorly understood. One potential mechanism is the aperiodic component, which reflects \"neural noise\", differs across age, and is predictive of perceptual and cognitive processes. In this study, we investigated how intrinsic (i.e., resting-state) aperiodic neural activity modulates sleep-based emotional memory consolidation across the human lifespan. In a within-subjects, repeated measures design, forty-two participants aged 7–72 years (<em>M</em> = 26.60, <em>SD</em> = 17.45; 26 female) completed a learning and baseline recognition emotional memory task before a 2hr afternoon sleep opportunity and an equivalent period of wake. Recognition accuracy was also assessed post-delay. We found that aperiodic slopes follow a u-shaped trajectory across the lifespan: slopes flatten from childhood to young adulthood, before steepening thereafter, with this effect most prominent in frontal regions. Age-related differences in aperiodic slopes also explained interindividual differences in emotional memory consolidation, with less age-related flattening of slopes associated with stronger consolidation of negative stimuli post-sleep but not post-wake. Lastly, independent of aperiodic activity, age-related differences in NREM oscillatory activity predicted emotional memory consolidation. These findings suggest that the efficiency of sleep-based emotional memory consolidation is modulated by age-related differences in aperiodic neural and NREM oscillatory activities, providing novel insights into the neurophysiological mechanisms underpinning emotional memory across the lifespan.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19279,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychologia","volume":"219 ","pages":"Article 109270"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145008329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Slow wave sleep is associated with a reorganisation of episodic memory networks","authors":"Simon Faghel-Soubeyrand,&nbsp;Polina Perzich,&nbsp;Bernhard P. Staresina","doi":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109267","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109267","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Models of memory consolidation propose that newly acquired memory traces undergo reorganisation during sleep. To test this idea, we recorded high-density electroencephalography (EEG) during an evening session of word-image learning followed by immediate (pre-sleep) and delayed (post-sleep) recall. Polysomnography was employed throughout the intervening night, capturing time spent in different sleep stages. Using source-reconstructed time-frequency analysis, we first replicated the effect of alpha power decreases for successful relative to unsuccessful recall, emerging between 700 and 1500 ms after cue onset and spanning medial and lateral temporal lobe regions as well as posterior parietal cortex. Directly contrasting successful post-sleep vs. pre-sleep recall revealed a shift of alpha power decrease from parietal towards anterior temporal lobe (ATL) after sleep. Critically, time spent in slow wave sleep (SWS) during the intervening night not only predicted the extent of memory retention, but also correlated with the shift to ATL recall effects. Finally, brain-wide functional connectivity profiles during successful recall was associated with a marked overnight reorganisation of memory networks, with the extent of reorganisation again predicted by time spent in SWS. Together, these findings suggest a link between SWS and the consolidation and functional reorganisation of episodic memory networks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19279,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychologia","volume":"219 ","pages":"Article 109267"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145008332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}