Neuropsychologia最新文献

{"title":"Disentangling Sleep's Role in Emotion processing","authors":"Emma C. Sullivan ,&nbsp;Cade McCall ,&nbsp;Lisa-Marie Henderson ,&nbsp;Scott A. Cairney","doi":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109269","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109269","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sleep plays a crucial role in emotion processing, with sleep disruptions contributing to emotion dysregulation and increased risk of mental illness. This review examines the relationship between sleep and three key aspects of emotion processing: emotional reactivity, cognitive emotion regulation, and emotional inertia. Evidence suggests that sleep deprivation heightens emotional reactivity, weakens the ability to regulate emotions adaptively, and increases the persistence of negative emotions over time. Neurobiological findings highlight the role of prefrontal-limbic circuitry in all of these processes, with sleep loss impairing top-down regulatory control over emotional responses. Furthermore, rapid eye movement sleep and slow-wave sleep appear to play distinct roles in restoring emotional balance. The findings from this review highlight the multifaceted pathways through which sleep disturbance gives rise to emotion dysregulation and, over time, increases vulnerability to mental illness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19279,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychologia","volume":"219 ","pages":"Article 109269"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144997326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Despite dense amnesia, patients with hippocampal lesions show partially intact navigation for recent and remotely learned environments","authors":"Joshua D. Garren ,&nbsp;Andrew McAvan ,&nbsp;Melanie Gin ,&nbsp;Andrew P. Yonelinas ,&nbsp;Matthew D. Grilli ,&nbsp;Arne D. Ekstrom","doi":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109252","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109252","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The extent to which medial temporal lobe amnesia affects recently compared to remotely formed memories remains debated. Some studies have investigated this issue by employing either verbal recall of routes or map drawing, suggesting profound loss of recent yet largely intact remote spatial memory. Here, we studied navigation in two patients with amnesia and their matched controls by recreating virtual versions of their recent and remote neighborhoods. Both patients showed largely intact navigation of both their recent and remote neighborhoods, and, in most cases, navigated them better than a completely novel environment. Despite some intact navigation of these environments, patients showed dramatically reduced spontaneously cued episodic memories in these same environments compared to the controls. Our findings suggest that episodic memory and spatial navigation rely on partially distinct neural circuits, and support models of medial temporal lobe function in which extra-hippocampal networks are capable of supporting navigation in the absence of a functioning hippocampus.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19279,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychologia","volume":"219 ","pages":"Article 109252"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144993095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Navigating image space","authors":"Andrew Glennerster","doi":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109233","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109233","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Navigation means getting from here to there. Unfortunately, for biological navigation, there is no agreed definition of what we might mean by ‘here’ or ‘there’. Computer vision (‘Simultaneous Localisation and Mapping’, SLAM) uses a 3D world-based coordinate frame but that is a poor model for biological spatial representation. Another possibility is to use an image-based rather than a map-based representation. The image-based strategy is made simpler if the observer maintains fixation on a stationary point in the scene as they move. This strategy would require a system for relating different fixation points to one another as the observer moves through the environment. I describe how this can be done by, first, relating fixations to an egocentric representation of visual direction and, second, encoding egocentric representations in a coarse-to-fine hierarchy. The coarsest level of this hierarchy is, in some sense, a world-based frame as it does not vary with eye rotation or observer translation. This representation could be implemented as a ‘policy’, a term used in reinforcement learning to describe a set of states and associated actions, or a ‘graph’ that describes how images or sensory states can be connected by actions. I discuss some of the psychophysical evidence relating to these differing hypotheses about spatial representation and navigation. I argue that this evidence supports image-based rather than map-based representation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19279,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychologia","volume":"219 ","pages":"Article 109233"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144926755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"No evidence for a targeted memory reactivation effect on word-meaning priming","authors":"Lewis V. Ball ,&nbsp;Eva Kimel ,&nbsp;Vanessa G. Keller ,&nbsp;Eloise Ward ,&nbsp;Scott A. Cairney ,&nbsp;Matthew H.C. Mak ,&nbsp;Lu Li ,&nbsp;Jennifer M. Rodd ,&nbsp;M. Gareth Gaskell","doi":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109264","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109264","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The subordinate meaning of a homonym becomes temporarily more accessible after it is encountered, an effect termed word-meaning priming. Over the longer-term, word-meaning priming is better maintained across periods of sleep compared with wakefulness. This has been explained as sleep actively consolidating episodic memories related to recent linguistic events (Gaskell et al., 2019). Here, we tested this hypothesis by investigating whether word-meaning priming can be boosted following sleep using targeted memory reactivation (TMR), a technique of biassing specific memories for sleep-based consolidation by presenting information-associated sensory cues during sleep. In an exposure phase, 40 (of 80) homonyms were primed toward their subordinate meaning via a sentence, which was also associated with an auditory cue (the homonym) for TMR. Participants then took a ∼2 h nap, where half of the cues from exposure (memory cues) were replayed with the aim of strengthening the subordinate sentence meaning, along with 20 cues that had not been encountered previously (control cues). After sleep, there was an overall word-meaning priming effect, however there was no additional benefit of TMR on priming, nor did TMR benefit the recall of contextual information. Interestingly, there was an increased sleep spindle/beta band power response to memory cues relative to control cues, indicating cue-evoked memory reprocessing during sleep. These findings are consistent with a bounded role of sleep in actively consolidating linguistic-related memories.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19279,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychologia","volume":"219 ","pages":"Article 109264"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144963071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neural correlates of metacognition in education: a machine learning approach","authors":"Damien S. Fleur ,&nbsp;Esra C.S. de Groot ,&nbsp;Bert Bredeweg ,&nbsp;Wouter van den Bos","doi":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109265","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109265","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Metacognition, the ability to reflect and regulate one's cognitive processes, has been shown to play a role in various aspects of life, particularly in academic settings. While important steps have been made in uncovering the neural basis of metacognition for highly specific domains (such as perceptual and mnemonic decision-making), little is known about how these findings relate to general forms of metacognition relevant in education. In this study, we use a data-driven approach to (i) identify brain regions associated with metacognition in education, and (ii) investigate the issue of domain-generality and to what extent these brain regions overlap with regions involved in metacognition in the context of specific decision-making tasks used in cognitive neuroscience. Individual differences in grey-matter volume in the precuneus and neighbouring brain regions were associated with education-related metacognitive knowledge and regulation. We also found overlaps between task-related mnemonic metacognitive abilities and education-related metacognitive knowledge, for example in in the superior frontal cortex. There were also regions specifically associated with metacognition in education, such as the banks of the superior temporal sulcus. Together, our findings suggest a link between lab-setting, domain-specific metacognitive abilities and real-life metacognition in the context of education.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19279,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychologia","volume":"219 ","pages":"Article 109265"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144963090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neural activity is altered by childhood trauma exposure and varied by sex in typically developing youths during sustained attention-to-response tasks (SART)","authors":"Zinia Pervin ,&nbsp;Dathan Gleichmann ,&nbsp;Isabel Solis ,&nbsp;Yu-Ping Wang ,&nbsp;Vince D. Calhoun ,&nbsp;Tony W. Wilson ,&nbsp;Julia M. Stephen","doi":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109263","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109263","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>It is well recognized that adults with exposure to childhood traumas are at risk of developing psychopathology and executive dysfunction. However, how these executive function deficits emerge following trauma exposure has not been widely examined. We hypothesized that children exposed to a higher number of early childhood traumas would show reduced amplitude and longer latency in cortical response in executive brain regions during tasks requiring sustained attention and inhibition, compared to children with fewer or no such experiences. We report data from sixty-five typically developing youths 9–15 years of age who self-reported exposure to childhood traumatic events, not including abuse. Brain signals were recorded with magnetoencephalography (MEG) while the sustained attention-to-response task (SART) task was performed. Task-activated sources were localized, and we investigated brain function by measuring amplitude and latency of task-evoked cortical response in frontal and parietal cortices with repeated-measures analysis of variance. A significant (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) main effect revealed higher amplitude in low-trauma compared to high-trauma groups in ventral anterior cingulate cortex and superior parietal cortex. Further, significant three-way interactions (trauma/hemisphere/peaks) were found in amplitude of superior parietal cortex and response latency of precentral cortex during the correct No-Go condition, and simple effect analysis showed significantly shorter latency in the high-trauma group in right precentral cortex at P1. Significant interactions of trauma with sex and hemisphere were revealed in multiple pre-selected regions, such that high exposure to trauma affected cortical processing in male and female groups differently. The results may explain sex-specific vulnerability and risks of exposure to childhood trauma with increased susceptibility to psychopathology in adulthood.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19279,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychologia","volume":"219 ","pages":"Article 109263"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144926754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increased GM-WM in a prefrontal network and decreased GM in the insula and the precuneus are associated with reappraisal usage and reduced perceived stress: A data fusion approach","authors":"Alessandro Grecucci ,&nbsp;Parisa Ahmadi Ghomroudi ,&nbsp;Carmen Morawetz ,&nbsp;Valerie Lesk ,&nbsp;Irene Messina","doi":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109266","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109266","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Emotion regulation plays a crucial role in mental health, and difficulties in regulating emotions can contribute to psychological disorders. While reappraisal and suppression are well-studied strategies, the joint contributions of gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) to these strategies remain unclear due to methodological limitations in previous studies. To address this, we applied a data fusion approach using Parallel Independent Component Analysis (Parallel ICA) to GM and WM MRI images from 165 individuals. Parallel ICA identified two networks associated with reappraisal usage. Network 1 included a large lateral and medial prefrontal cortical network, partially overlapping with both the anterior hubs of the Central Executive network (CEN) and the Default Mode network (DMN), and adjacent WM regions. Higher reappraisal frequency was associated with greater GM-WM density within this network, and this network was negatively correlated with perceived stress. Network 2 included the insula, precuneus, sub-gyral, and lingual gyri in its GM portion, showing a negative association with reappraisal usage. The WM portion, adjacent to regions of the central executive network (CEN), was positively associated with reappraisal usage. Regarding suppression, no significant network was associated with this strategy. This study provides new insights into individual differences in reappraisal use, showing a positive association between reappraisal frequency and increased gray and white matter concentration in a large frontal network, including regions of the frontal DMN and the CEN. Conversely, subcortical areas exhibited reduced gray and white matter concentration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19279,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychologia","volume":"219 ","pages":"Article 109266"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144926753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aphantasia avant le nom: historical perspectives on the absence or loss of visual imagery","authors":"Andrew J. Larner","doi":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109254","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109254","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Cases of acquired loss or diminution of visual mental imagery and congenital absence of the experience of visual imagery were described by Zeman and his colleagues in 2010 and 2015 respectively, the latter report inaugurating a new terminology for such symptoms or experiences: “aphantasia”.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Narrative review of individuals and patients with experiences suggestive of congenital absence or acquired loss of visual imagery reported in the scientific literature prior to the first use of “aphantasia”.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Accepting the potential pitfalls of retrospective diagnosis or identification, examples deemed concordant with “aphantasia”, both acquired and congenital, may be found in the historical literature, dating back to the penultimate decade of the nineteenth century.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Although the word “aphantasia” was new as of 2015, the defining features have been described for more than 100 years. The data reviewed here provide an epistemic basis to support either retrospective diagnosis or identification of aphantasia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19279,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychologia","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 109254"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144896374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neural and behavioral signatures of feedback-based adjustment bias in response to infant cries","authors":"Xukai Zhang ,&nbsp;Nan Zhang ,&nbsp;Jingyuan Lin ,&nbsp;Wuji Lin ,&nbsp;Zongling He ,&nbsp;Hong Li","doi":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109253","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109253","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Infant crying is a critical signal that prompts caregiving, yet the neurobehavioral mechanisms underlying how individuals adapt to feedback in this context are underexplored. Here, in 34 young adults (18 female; age from 19 to 26 years) with no prior caregiving experience, we used an infant cry feedback paradigm to characterize individual differences in behavioral adjustment and their neural correlates. Participants judged the cause of infant cries while their reaction time changes (ΔRT) and EEG were recorded. Our results revealed context-specific adjustment biases unique to infant cries, distinct from responses to animal vocalizations. Within the infant crying context, a negative-feedback bias (slowing after negative feedback) correlated with higher self-reported caregiving sensitivity, whereas a positive-feedback bias (slowing after positive feedback) correlated with lower caregiving motivation. Inter-subject representational similarity analysis (IS-RSA) further revealed a key asymmetry in neural responses, showing that higher negative-feedback bias was associated with greater inter-subject neural similarity during negative feedback (480–1000 ms) and positive feedback (600–700 ms), whereas higher positive-feedback bias was associated with more idiosyncratic neural patterns. Furthermore, a mediation analysis showed that the influence of the Late Positive Potential (LPP) on caregiving sensitivity was fully mediated by these behavioral adjustments, where lower LPP amplitudes predicted greater slowing after negative feedback, which in turn predicted higher intended infant caregiving sensitivity. These findings link specific behavioral adjustments to an asymmetric neural similarity structure, offering potential markers for caregiving dispositions and highlighting the importance of feedback processing in caregiver-infant interactions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19279,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychologia","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 109253"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144886595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive and neural correlates of prospective memory in acute to early sub-acute stroke","authors":"Casey M. Gilbert ,&nbsp;Emily C. Gibson ,&nbsp;Margaret J. Moore ,&nbsp;Julie D. Henry ,&nbsp;Gail A. Robinson","doi":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109251","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109251","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Prospective memory (PM) refers to the ability to form an intention and remember to execute it in the future. Previous research suggests that chronic stroke patients display PM deficits, but this has not been investigated in acute patients using standardised clinical measures. We assessed PM performance in acute and early sub-acute stroke patients using a short form of the Memory for Intentions Screening Test (MIST-SF). We investigated relationships between lesion characteristics and acute PM deficits, changes in PM performance between acute and follow-up assessment, and whether PM predicts long-term cognitive and clinical outcomes. Fifty-eight stroke patients and 47 controls completed the MIST-SF and standard cognitive and clinical measures, and patients' brain scans were obtained for lesion and network-level subtraction analysis. The same test battery was administered to 33 stroke patients 6–12 months after acute testing. PM deficits were observed in acute patients on seven of eleven MIST-SF outcome measures. Better overall PM performance and time-based PM performance was associated with better performance on executive functioning measures, while higher event-based PM scores only correlated with faster processing speed. Stroke patients’ PM performance did not significantly differ between acute testing and follow-up. Acute PM performance was a strong predictor of long-term PM but did not predict long-term cognitive and clinical outcomes. Limited conclusions could be drawn regarding lesion anatomy and PM impairment due to insufficient lesion overlap. These findings provide insight into PM function in acute and early sub-acute stroke patients and may inform future cognitive rehabilitation and intervention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19279,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychologia","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 109251"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144841301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}