{"title":"Dense Phenotyping of Human Brain Network Organization Using Precision fMRI.","authors":"Caterina Gratton,Rodrigo M Braga","doi":"10.1146/annurev-psych-032825-032920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-032825-032920","url":null,"abstract":"The advent of noninvasive imaging methods like functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) transformed cognitive neuroscience, providing insights into large-scale brain networks and their link to cognition. In the decades since, the majority of fMRI studies have employed a group-level approach, which has characterized the average brain-a construct that emphasizes features aligned across individuals but obscures the idiosyncrasies of any single person's brain. This is a critical limitation, as each brain is unique, including in the topography (i.e., arrangement) of large-scale brain networks. Recently, a new precision fMRI movement, emphasizing extensive scanning of single subjects, has spurred another leap in progress, allowing fMRI researchers to reliably map whole-brain network organization within individuals. Precision fMRI reveals a more detailed picture of functional neuroanatomy, unveiling common features that are obscured at the group level as well as forms of individual variation. However, this presents conceptual hurdles. For instance, if all brains are unique, how do we identify commonalities? And what forms of variation in functional organization are meaningful for understanding cognition? Which sources of variability are stochastic, and which are due to measurement noise? Here, we review recent findings and describe how precision fMRI can be used (a) to account for variation across individuals to identify core principles of brain organization and (b) to characterize how and why human brains vary. We argue that, as we dive deeper into the individual, overarching principles of brain organization emerge from fine-scale features, even when these vary across individuals.","PeriodicalId":8010,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of psychology","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":24.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145246632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Motivation as Neural Context for Adaptive Learning and Memory Formation.","authors":"Jia-Hou Poh,R Alison Adcock","doi":"10.1146/annurev-psych-032525-031744","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-032525-031744","url":null,"abstract":"Our memories shape our perception of the world and guide adaptive behavior. Rather than a veridical record of experiences, memory is selective. An accumulating body of work suggests that motivational states, emerging from the interplay between internal and external demands, play a critical role in determining what information is encoded in memory and how. Central to the regulation of motivational states are dopaminergic and noradrenergic neuromodulatory systems that can coordinate brain activity to determine how information is propagated, shaping memory outcomes. In this review, we propose that motivational states supported by the dopaminergic ventral tegmental area would facilitate the formation of flexible associative memory, while the noradrenergic locus coeruleus would facilitate unitized goal-relevant memory. By considering how neuromodulatory systems can support different neural contexts, we aim to explain how motivation enables an adaptive memory system, and in bridging motivation and memory, we aim to offer a framework for insights applicable to education and clinical practice.","PeriodicalId":8010,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of psychology","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":24.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145241110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ahmet O. Ceceli, Yuefeng Huang, Greg Kronberg, Natalie McClain, Sarah G. King, Eduardo R. Butelman, Nelly Alia-Klein, Rita Z. Goldstein
{"title":"The Impaired Response Inhibition and Salience Attribution Model of Drug Addiction: Recent Neuroimaging Evidence and Future Directions","authors":"Ahmet O. Ceceli, Yuefeng Huang, Greg Kronberg, Natalie McClain, Sarah G. King, Eduardo R. Butelman, Nelly Alia-Klein, Rita Z. Goldstein","doi":"10.1146/annurev-psych-040725-025923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-040725-025923","url":null,"abstract":"Originally postulated in 2001, the impaired response inhibition and salience attribution (iRISA) model of addiction highlights the prefrontal cortex (especially the orbitofrontal, dorsolateral, anterior cingulate, and inferior frontal regions) as central to drug addiction symptomatology. Accordingly, drug cues assume a heightened salience and value that overpower alternative reinforcers, with a concomitant decrease in inhibitory control, especially in a drug-related context. These processes may manifest in metacognitive impairments (e.g., self-awareness of choice), obstructing insight into illness, as a function of recency of drug use. In this review, we update the neurobehavioral evidence for iRISA two decades later, emphasizing the robust measurement of the iRISA interaction (between a drug-related cue/context and a cognitive-behavioral function), and highlight relevant individual differences (e.g., drug use severity, craving). Crucially, we describe data suggesting functional recovery (with abstinence, treatment, and other emerging modalities) and the need for identifying valid outcome biomarkers. We end by highlighting recent developments in artificial intelligence (e.g., natural language processing applied to spontaneous speech) and computational modeling, and call for enhanced ecological validity to facilitate dynamic and clinically meaningful neural explorations in drug addiction.","PeriodicalId":8010,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of psychology","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":24.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145203431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pawan Sinha, Lukas Vogelsang, Marin Vogelsang, Albert Yonas, Sidney Diamond
{"title":"The Temporal Scaffolding of Sensory Organization","authors":"Pawan Sinha, Lukas Vogelsang, Marin Vogelsang, Albert Yonas, Sidney Diamond","doi":"10.1146/annurev-psych-032525-040352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-032525-040352","url":null,"abstract":"How a developing nervous system discovers meaning in complex sensory inputs has typically been examined separately for each sensory modality. Even as studies have uncovered modality-specific strategies, it remains unclear whether common principles underlie such discovery. Here, we pursue the thesis that the detection and exploitation of temporal regularities may provide a unifying mechanism for sensory organization across modalities. We synthesize research spanning neurophysiology and cognitive neuroscience and incorporate results from theoretical computer science. This integration supports the conclusion that time may be the fundamental dimension along which the brain organizes its sensorium and that the computational complexity of this problem is rendered tractable by ecologically appropriate heuristics. This proposal suggests the centrality of temporal processing in perceptual development, with implications for studies of typical and atypical development, clinical populations, and computational modeling.","PeriodicalId":8010,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of psychology","volume":"99 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":24.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145203428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nicole R Bush,Alexandra D W Sullivan,Amanda Norona-Zhou
{"title":"Early Life Stress Effects on Children's Biology, Behavior, and Health: Evidence, Mediators, Moderators, and Solutions.","authors":"Nicole R Bush,Alexandra D W Sullivan,Amanda Norona-Zhou","doi":"10.1146/annurev-psych-072225-121053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-072225-121053","url":null,"abstract":"This review synthesizes and critiques research on early life adversity and stress effects on multidomain health outcomes in child samples to fill a gap in the literature that has largely focused on adults. Prioritizing evidence from meta-analytic and systematic reviews as well as findings from (quasi-)experimental or large prospective longitudinal studies, we integrate interdisciplinary findings to characterize patterns of evidence for stress associations with child outcomes, including mental, physical, and positive health; academic, social, and justice system-related domains; and intermediary phenotypes that may predict disease, including biomarkers. We note cohesive evidence for sensitive periods of susceptibility to stress exposure and describe key mediators and moderators of stress effects, especially family-level factors. Then we highlight interventions targeting malleable factors that hold promise for ameliorating the effects of stress on children. Leveraging a developmental lens, we conclude with field-wide limitations and propose future directions for stress and health research that centers child development.","PeriodicalId":8010,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of psychology","volume":"99 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":24.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145194862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dyadic Emotion Regulation.","authors":"Beyzanur Arican-Dinc, Shelly L Gable","doi":"10.1146/annurev-psych-020325-033825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-020325-033825","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A robust approach to understanding dyadic emotion regulation needs to incorporate insights from affective science and relationship science. To date, research emerging from these two traditions has largely unfolded separately with limited cross-disciplinary collaboration. Here we review research from these two disciplinary perspectives, focusing on social support and dyadic coping in the close relationship literature and on extrinsic interpersonal emotion regulation in the affective science literature. We also present a framework of dyadic emotion regulation. This framework includes both affect-improving and affect-worsening processes that can be motivated by hedonic or instrumental goals and that can have effects not only on the emotions targeted for regulation but also on the relationship dynamics of the dyadic partners. We identify key gaps in the literature and directions for future research, and we conclude that recognition of the complex interplay between emotion regulation and relationship processes allows for deeper and more nuanced models of dyadic emotion regulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":8010,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145051853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Just-in-Time Adaptive Interventions: Where Are We Now and What Is Next?","authors":"Inbal Nahum-Shani,Susan A Murphy","doi":"10.1146/annurev-psych-121024-044244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-121024-044244","url":null,"abstract":"The past decade has seen a surge in developing just-in-time adaptive interventions (JITAIs)-an intervention approach that leverages advancements in digital technologies to address the rapidly changing needs of individuals in daily life. This article provides an overview of the state of science on JITAI development and highlights important directions for future research. We explain what a JITAI is (and what it is not) and review the scientific and practical rationales underlying this approach. We also call attention to three key challenges relating to the development of JITAIs. The first challenge is that individuals may not be able to engage with (i.e., invest energy in) an intervention when they need it most in daily life. The second concerns the generally suboptimal engagement of individuals in interventions that leverage digital technologies as currently implemented. The third concerns the paucity of research on ways to harness the power of social relationships in JITAIs. We conclude that much research effort is needed to build more sophisticated and effective JITAIs.","PeriodicalId":8010,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of psychology","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":24.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145043810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cognitive Modeling Using Artificial Intelligence.","authors":"Michael C Frank, Noah D Goodman","doi":"10.1146/annurev-psych-030625-040748","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-030625-040748","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent progress in artificial intelligence (AI) is exciting, but can AI models tell us about the human mind? AI models have a long history of being used as theoretical artifacts in cognitive science, but one key difference in the current generation of models is that they are stimulus computable, meaning that they can operate over stimuli that are similar to those experienced by people. This advance creates important opportunities for deepening our understanding of the human mind. We argue here that the most exciting of these is the use of AI models as cognitive models, wherein they are trained using human-scale input data and evaluated using careful experimental probes. Such cognitive models constitute a substantial advance that can inform theories of human intelligence by helping to explain and predict behavior.</p>","PeriodicalId":8010,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145051813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Is Domain-General Object Recognition Ability a Novel Construct?","authors":"Conor J R Smithson,Isabel Gauthier","doi":"10.1146/annurev-psych-020325-034053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-020325-034053","url":null,"abstract":"Domain-general object recognition (o) is the ability to discriminate between objects at the subordinate level. It describes the general ability that applies across object categories, in contrast to abilities that apply only to a specific category. Interest in this ability emerged from vision research and cognitive neuroscience. However, research into high-level visual abilities has been relatively independent of the wider literature on individual differences in abilities. This review seeks to bridge this gap. To assess whether o represents a novel construct, we compare it with the closest preexisting constructs. We argue that abilities such as visual memory and perceptual speed share conceptual overlap with o, but none of these abilities have the kind of subordinate-level discrimination at their core that o does. Despite theoretical differences, some tests of these constructs may serve as adequate indicators of o. We also connect o to theory about the structure of cognitive abilities.","PeriodicalId":8010,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of psychology","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":24.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145043808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Colette Van Laar,Tony Holman,Sarah Grootjans,Aster Van Rossum
{"title":"Men's Self and Identity and Their Relations to Others in a Changing World.","authors":"Colette Van Laar,Tony Holman,Sarah Grootjans,Aster Van Rossum","doi":"10.1146/annurev-psych-013125-041821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-013125-041821","url":null,"abstract":"As masculinities are changing, taking a social identity perspective on men and their relations with others helps to understand how men navigate their social world. Combining this with other common approaches in the psychology of gender, men, and masculinities, we review how such a perspective helps to understand men's differing health and well-being outcomes, work/family choices, and their responses to changing gender relations and other social developments (privilege, threat, allyship). In so doing, we emphasize that men's audiences (i.e., who precisely is watching them) play a key role in shaping these outcomes as well. For practitioners working in the fields of health and well-being, work and family, or gender equality, we identify key implications that follow from the reviewed research. We end our review with suggestions for future research.","PeriodicalId":8010,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of psychology","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":24.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144960119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}