{"title":"Power and Ideology in Close Relationships.","authors":"Nickola C Overall,Matthew D Hammond","doi":"10.1146/annurev-psych-012325-032022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-012325-032022","url":null,"abstract":"This review specifies how individuals' relationship power (actor power) and their partners' power (partner power) influence distinct behaviors in close relationships. High-power actors can promote their own needs, whereas low-power actors must inhibit their needs or enact aggression or manipulation to fight for their needs. Actors must also accommodate the needs of high-power partners but can neglect or may feel obliged to protect low-power partners. Structural power asymmetries outside relationships prompt ideologies that shape perceptions, expectations, and subsequent behavioral responses to power within relationships. Using gender ideologies to illustrate, competitive ideologies (hostile sexism) motivate aggression by those who fight for power or prompt inhibition by those who cede power. Cooperative ideologies (benevolent sexism) divide power, generating accommodation of partners' needs in some domains and neglect in others. We emphasize the need to consider actor and partner power, relationship and structural power, power symmetries and asymmetries, and competitive and cooperative ideologies.","PeriodicalId":8010,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of psychology","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":24.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144960298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Identity Needs in Intergroup Relations: Between the Age of Apology and Victimhood Culture","authors":"Nurit Shnabel, Johannes Ullrich","doi":"10.1146/annurev-psych-022625-112840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-022625-112840","url":null,"abstract":"Around the turn of the millennium, the social representation of minorities in Western societies shifted from marginalized deviants to victims of injustice, prompting calls for recognition and reparation. Drawing on the social identity tradition, we argue that this shift in representation gave rise to new identity needs, with victim groups seeking to restore their agentic identity and perpetrator groups their moral identity. We review two research trends that emerged from this shift in representation and its relationship to identity needs. The first trend focuses on group apologies, forgiveness, and corresponding gestures. We suggest that these gestures can promote reconciliation by satisfying group members’ identity needs; we also acknowledge the limitations and critiques of using the apology–forgiveness cycle to promote intergroup reconciliation. The second trend concerns groups’ engagement in competitive victimhood. We propose that this engagement stems from the same identity needs and discuss its consequences and strategies for reducing it. Finally, we outline future directions and practical takeaways and reflect on the changing zeitgeist.","PeriodicalId":8010,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of psychology","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":24.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144930789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Time's Influence: A Systematic Review of Biases in Intertemporal Decision-Making.","authors":"Pelin Gülüm Taş, Yousef Maknoon, Jafar Rezaei","doi":"10.1146/annurev-psych-091924-040158","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-psych-091924-040158","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cognitive biases significantly influence decision-making by distorting how individuals perceive and evaluate outcomes over time. This systematic review synthesizes research from various domains, including behavioral economics, psychology, and health, to explore six time-related biases affecting intertemporal judgments and trade-offs. We analyze the underlying mechanisms of each bias, map their interrelationships, and uncover their impacts on both individual choices and societal decisions. Drawing upon empirical evidence, we propose tailored strategies to mitigate the adverse effects of these biases. Our findings contribute to the literature not only by enhancing the understanding of time-related cognitive biases but also by providing practical insights for improving decision-making and policy design aimed at promoting long-term well-being. The review concludes by highlighting critical gaps in the literature and outlining a future research agenda to further investigate and address biases in intertemporal decision-making.</p>","PeriodicalId":8010,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144881920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bonnie J Humphrey, Ximena J Nelson, William S Helton
{"title":"A Way Forward for Sustained Attention Research: Insights from the Deep Past.","authors":"Bonnie J Humphrey, Ximena J Nelson, William S Helton","doi":"10.1146/annurev-psych-012125-121408","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-psych-012125-121408","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The mechanistic underpinnings of sustained attention, vigilance, and the ability to continue responding to critical stimuli over time, despite decades of research, are not well understood. Although sustained attention is vital for survival and is studied in many taxa, a lack of comparative work and a greater research focus on the high-level psychological aspects of human sustained attention performance have hindered progress in our understanding of it. We posit that an interdisciplinary approach between the biological and psychological fields, involving research on humans and nonhuman animals, will illuminate the biological mechanisms involved. A key obstacle to a comparative approach is the vast terminology used to illustrate similar phenomena across disciplines. We compare the research on sustained attention in humans and animals, showing that the comparative gap is not insurmountable. To resolve the communication issue, we outline the different terms used and suggest future directions to encourage productive engagement between the two fields. Additionally, we propose that an interdisciplinary perspective will be advantageous for developing countermeasures to declining sustained attention.</p>","PeriodicalId":8010,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144881917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"How Do Psychologists Determine Whether a Measurement Scale Is Good? A Quarter-Century of Scale Validation with Hu & Bentler (1999).","authors":"Daniel McNeish","doi":"10.1146/annurev-psych-121924-104021","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-psych-121924-104021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Many psychologists rely on surveys, questionnaires, and measurement scales because psychological constructs like depression, motivation, or extraversion cannot be directly measured with physical instruments. Scale validation crucially provides evidence that scores from such scales capture their intended target. The prevailing scale validation approach involves comparing factor-analytic model fit indices to suggested benchmarks, and it is so engrained in psychological research that the article proposing the benchmarks is among the most cited works across any scientific discipline. However, methodological research finds that psychologists overgeneralize the benchmarks so that they no longer function as originally intended. This has widespread implications for psychologists and casts some doubt on conclusions regarding the validity of our measurement scales. This review covers the history and origin of scale validation benchmarks, how benchmarks rose to prominence and became overgeneralized, recently proposed alternatives to traditional benchmarks, and future directions in this methodological area that affects many subfields of psychology.</p>","PeriodicalId":8010,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144881918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Scenes from a Marriage: How We Found Our Way from Experimental Psychology to Social Neuroscience.","authors":"Uta Frith, Chris D Frith","doi":"10.1146/annurev-psych-012425-033822","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-psych-012425-033822","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Looking back on our life and work, we reflect on the changes in our thinking due to three scientific and technological revolutions. These are information processing, computers, and brain imaging, and together they ousted behaviorism from its dominant position in experimental psychology. We champion a model of the mind that is hierarchically organized with both a robust unconscious and a harder-to-pin-down conscious mode of operation. Our studies were inspired by disorders that made us realize that cognitive processes at all levels of the information processing hierarchy impact social interactions. We locate the influence of culture at the highest level of this processing hierarchy. Here we see the interface between different minds and the importance of norms when regulating the opposing trends in our complex and even contradictory social nature.</p>","PeriodicalId":8010,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144881919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Attitudes, Intentions, and Behavior Change.","authors":"Mark Conner, Paul Norman","doi":"10.1146/annurev-psych-013125-042110","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-psych-013125-042110","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Are attitudes or intentions related to behavior change? Does changing attitudes or intentions change behavior? These are important questions for increasing our understanding of the determinants of behavior and how to change behavior. This review employs four stages of the experimental medicine approach to answer these questions. First, attitudes and intentions have been identified as key determinants of behavior in many theories (identification stage). Second, correlational studies show that attitudes and intentions have small- to medium-sized relationships with behavior change, while experimental studies show that medium-sized changes in attitudes and intentions produce small-sized changes in behavior (validation stage). Third, evidence shows that interventions can change attitudes or intentions (engagement stage). Fourth, changes in attitudes and intentions at least partially mediate the intervention effects on behavior change (intervention stage). A systematic program of experimental work is needed to extend our understanding of what works for whom, when, how, and for what behaviors.</p>","PeriodicalId":8010,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144871076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ted Schwaba, Michel G Nivard, Elliot M Tucker-Drob, Dorret I Boomsma
{"title":"Personality Genomics.","authors":"Ted Schwaba, Michel G Nivard, Elliot M Tucker-Drob, Dorret I Boomsma","doi":"10.1146/annurev-psych-013125-042402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-013125-042402","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent research advances have precipitated the era of personality genomics: the study of how variation in human DNA sequence predicts individual differences in characteristic patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving. Here, we introduce personality and genomics, and we review key findings from recent genome-wide association studies of personality traits. These findings support five key observations: (<i>a</i>) sizable genetic effects on personality arise from a vast number of genetic variants with individually miniscule effects; (<i>b</i>) genetic variants associated with personality have widespread associations with other attributes, including social, economic, and medical outcomes; (<i>c</i>) genetic effects on personality generalize across groupings of people; (<i>d</i>) genetic effects on personality are minimally confounded by familial environmental effects; and (<i>e</i>) many recent genomic findings were anticipated by classic twin genetic research. For personality psychologists, embracing genomics provides unique and powerful inferential tools. For genomics researchers, incorporating unifying personality frameworks enables an integrative understanding of core behavioral dimensions.</p>","PeriodicalId":8010,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144820424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Psychology of Crowd Behavior","authors":"John Drury","doi":"10.1146/annurev-psych-012125-121447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-012125-121447","url":null,"abstract":"This review describes the social identity approach to crowd behavior. Research based on the social identity approach to crowds has grown significantly in the last 20 years, both quantitatively and qualitatively. I organize the new research into three sections. First, I consider the recent findings on crowd density behaviors, heightened emotion in crowds, mass gatherings health, and crowd events that function to strengthen group identity. Second, I cover research on behavior in emergencies and discuss how models of crowd behavior have shaped policy and practice in emergency response. Third, I describe the recent research on psychological change in collective action, public order policing, and social influence. The increased number of practical applications demonstrates that the social identity research on the psychology of crowd behavior has value beyond the advances it has made in terms of theory.","PeriodicalId":8010,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of psychology","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":24.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144786586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuval Hadash,Omer Dar,Iftach Amir,Todd S Braver,Amit Bernstein
{"title":"The Mindfulness Internal Attention (MIA) Framework: Uncovering the Attentional Mechanisms of Mindfulness Training.","authors":"Yuval Hadash,Omer Dar,Iftach Amir,Todd S Braver,Amit Bernstein","doi":"10.1146/annurev-psych-012925-030843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-012925-030843","url":null,"abstract":"Attention is theorized to have a definitive role in mindfulness and its salutary effects. Yet, findings from more than two decades of research testing this central theoretical premise have been surprisingly mixed. To account for this paradoxical disparity between theory and findings, we propose the Mindfulness Internal Attention (MIA) framework. We theorize and review initial findings suggesting that mindfulness training primarily targets internal attention processes, which operate on internally generated or stored information and experience. Additionally, we theorize and review findings suggesting that mindfulness training affects executive functions and working memory processes shared between internal attention and late-stage external attention. In contrast, we theorize and review findings suggesting that mindfulness training does not affect early-stage external attention processes, which do not share cognitive resources with internal attention. Finally, we propose methodological innovations and outstanding questions for future research to advance our understanding of the attentional mechanisms of mindfulness training.","PeriodicalId":8010,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of psychology","volume":"145 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":24.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144778032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}