{"title":"Navigating the Unknown: The Sociocultural and Metacognitive Architecture of Wisdom.","authors":"Igor Grossmann, Nic M Weststrate","doi":"10.1146/annurev-psych-020226-034154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-020226-034154","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Psychological wisdom research has shifted from characterizing rare exemplars and desired outcomes to specifying processes that support sound judgment under uncertainty. Yet it has advanced along two siloed research tracks: one on folk theories-cultural tools such as exemplars, narratives, heuristics (including proverbs and maxims), and standards of judgment-and the other on the mechanisms involved in wise judgment. This review bridges these research tracks using a situated metacognitive lens: Folk theories provide candidate attributes or strategies for action, whereas perspectival metacognition-the capacity to recognize epistemic limits, coordinate viewpoints, and track uncertainty and change-regulates their context-sensitive selection and use. We synthesize evidence connecting wisdom-related processes to emotional balance, relational well-being, cooperation, and reduced polarization, while noting boundary conditions. We show how this synthesis sharpens measurement trade-offs, highlighting the limits of global self-report and the advances in situated assessment. Finally, we summarize work on wisdom development and cultivation and consider the socioecological implications of wisdom research in an AI-shaped world.</p>","PeriodicalId":8010,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":41.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148762812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"From Prompts to Constructs: A Dual-Validity Framework for Large Language Model Research in Psychology.","authors":"Zhicheng Lin","doi":"10.1146/annurev-psych-100925-034807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-100925-034807","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Large language models (LLMs) are entering psychological research both as tools and as objects of inquiry. Yet many studies apply human instruments to LLMs without establishing that the outputs are reliable or interpretable, raising the risk of measurement phantoms-statistical regularities mistaken for genuine psychological phenomena. This review argues that robust AI psychological research requires integrating two methodological traditions: psychometric validation of what a score means and causal inference standards for what the results warrant. It develops a dual-validity framework in which evidentiary demands scale with scientific ambition: from tool use through behavioral characterization and human simulation to cognitive modeling. Classifying text may require only accuracy and reliability; claiming that an LLM simulates anxiety or illuminates cognitive mechanisms requires additional evidence, including construct validity evidence and experimental controls. Progress depends on developing computational analogs of psychological constructs rather than assuming human measures automatically apply to language models.</p>","PeriodicalId":8010,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":41.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148705221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Four Decades of Stress, Depression, and Close Relationships: Lessons from Psychoneuroimmunology.","authors":"Janice K Kiecolt-Glaser","doi":"10.1146/annurev-psych-020226-033326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-020226-033326","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human psychoneuroimmunology research has demonstrated that stress, depression, and close relationships reliably shape immune and endocrine function in ways that matter for health. Across studies of examination stress, laboratory stressors, marital discord, cancer survivorship, and dementia caregiving, psychosocial adversity predicts more infections, weaker vaccine responses and faster erosion of vaccine protection, slower wound healing, heightened inflammation, and accelerated cellular aging. Depression also sensitizes immune function, producing larger inflammatory responses when individuals encounter stressors. Loneliness, low support, and distressed relationships can amplify stress reactivity and are linked to greater inflammatory and metabolic vulnerability, including postprandial inflammatory and endothelial responses. More recent work has extended these pathways to the gut microbiome and intestinal permeability (leaky gut), integrating microbial, neuroendocrine, and immune mechanisms. Collectively, the evidence supports a biobehavioral model in which social stress accelerates immune aging and increases risk for inflammation-related disease, while behavioral and nutritional interventions can modify these trajectories.</p>","PeriodicalId":8010,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":41.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148688406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jan G Voelkel, Katherine L Milkman, Angela L Duckworth
{"title":"Behavior Change.","authors":"Jan G Voelkel, Katherine L Milkman, Angela L Duckworth","doi":"10.1146/annurev-psych-031626-111545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-031626-111545","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Changing behavior is a central challenge in domains ranging from health and finance to voting and education. Drawing on decades of research from psychology and related fields, this review synthesizes high-quality evidence-particularly randomized controlled trials with objective behavioral outcomes-to identify effective strategies for changing behavior. We propose a unifying three-phase framework that conceptualizes behavior change as a process involving: (<i>a</i>) building motivation, (<i>b</i>) following through, and (<i>c</i>) forming durable habits. For each phase, we identify key psychological challenges and review interventions designed to overcome them. By organizing a large and fragmented literature within a coherent framework, this review aims to clarify when and why behavior change interventions succeed and to inform more effective, behaviorally informed policies and practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":8010,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":41.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148688265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Psychology of Question Asking: A Comprehensive Review.","authors":"Tuval Raz, Yoed N Kenett","doi":"10.1146/annurev-psych-090925-111730","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-090925-111730","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Question asking, a foundational aspect of human communication, is an integral part of information-seeking behavior. We delve into the complex landscape of question-asking theories, exploring their diverse intersections with a myriad of fields-such as early development, artificial intelligence, and education. Synthesizing decades of research on question asking across different domains, we introduce the Question Asking in Information Seeking (QuInS) framework. QuInS provides a unified perspective on the iterative, dynamic processes that drive inquiry through question asking. We examine the early childhood origins of question asking, theories of inquiry, and the role of questions in fostering creativity, learning, problem solving, and social contexts. Finally, we explore how recent computational advancements contribute to formulate and empirically assess questions. Given the ubiquity of question asking in daily life, it is critical to elucidate its nature and mechanistic role in identifying and filling knowledge gaps. Such an endeavor will drive us to be more efficient, effective, and creative learners and question askers.</p>","PeriodicalId":8010,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":41.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148688404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annual review of psychologyPub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-08-19DOI: 10.1146/annurev-psych-091924-040158
Pelin Gülüm Taş, Yousef Maknoon, Jafar Rezaei
{"title":"Time's Influence: A Systematic Review of Biases in Intertemporal Decision-Making.","authors":"Pelin Gülüm Taş, Yousef Maknoon, Jafar Rezaei","doi":"10.1146/annurev-psych-091924-040158","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-psych-091924-040158","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cognitive biases significantly influence decision-making by distorting how individuals perceive and evaluate outcomes over time. This systematic review synthesizes research from various domains, including behavioral economics, psychology, and health, to explore six time-related biases affecting intertemporal judgments and trade-offs. We analyze the underlying mechanisms of each bias, map their interrelationships, and uncover their impacts on both individual choices and societal decisions. Drawing upon empirical evidence, we propose tailored strategies to mitigate the adverse effects of these biases. Our findings contribute to the literature not only by enhancing the understanding of time-related cognitive biases but also by providing practical insights for improving decision-making and policy design aimed at promoting long-term well-being. The review concludes by highlighting critical gaps in the literature and outlining a future research agenda to further investigate and address biases in intertemporal decision-making.</p>","PeriodicalId":8010,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of psychology","volume":" ","pages":"223-254"},"PeriodicalIF":41.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144881920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annual review of psychologyPub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-09-12DOI: 10.1146/annurev-psych-020325-033825
Beyzanur Arican-Dinc, Shelly L Gable
{"title":"Dyadic Emotion Regulation.","authors":"Beyzanur Arican-Dinc, Shelly L Gable","doi":"10.1146/annurev-psych-020325-033825","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-psych-020325-033825","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A robust approach to understanding dyadic emotion regulation needs to incorporate insights from affective science and relationship science. To date, research emerging from these two traditions has largely unfolded separately with limited cross-disciplinary collaboration. Here we review research from these two disciplinary perspectives, focusing on social support and dyadic coping in the close relationship literature and on extrinsic interpersonal emotion regulation in the affective science literature. We also present a framework of dyadic emotion regulation. This framework includes both affect-improving and affect-worsening processes that can be motivated by hedonic or instrumental goals and that can have effects not only on the emotions targeted for regulation but also on the relationship dynamics of the dyadic partners. We identify key gaps in the literature and directions for future research, and we conclude that recognition of the complex interplay between emotion regulation and relationship processes allows for deeper and more nuanced models of dyadic emotion regulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":8010,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of psychology","volume":" ","pages":"365-391"},"PeriodicalIF":41.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145051853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annual review of psychologyPub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-08-11DOI: 10.1146/annurev-psych-013125-042402
Ted Schwaba, Michel G Nivard, Elliot M Tucker-Drob, Dorret I Boomsma
{"title":"Personality Genomics.","authors":"Ted Schwaba, Michel G Nivard, Elliot M Tucker-Drob, Dorret I Boomsma","doi":"10.1146/annurev-psych-013125-042402","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-psych-013125-042402","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent research advances have precipitated the era of personality genomics: the study of how variation in human DNA sequence predicts individual differences in characteristic patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving. Here, we introduce personality and genomics, and we review key findings from recent genome-wide association studies of personality traits. These findings support five key observations: (<i>a</i>) sizable genetic effects on personality arise from a vast number of genetic variants with individually miniscule effects; (<i>b</i>) genetic variants associated with personality have widespread associations with other attributes, including social, economic, and medical outcomes; (<i>c</i>) genetic effects on personality generalize across groupings of people; (<i>d</i>) genetic effects on personality are minimally confounded by familial environmental effects; and (<i>e</i>) many recent genomic findings were anticipated by classic twin genetic research. For personality psychologists, embracing genomics provides unique and powerful inferential tools. For genomics researchers, incorporating unifying personality frameworks enables an integrative understanding of core behavioral dimensions.</p>","PeriodicalId":8010,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of psychology","volume":" ","pages":"485-511"},"PeriodicalIF":41.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13555619/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144820424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Introduction.","authors":"Susan T Fiske, Daniel L Schacter","doi":"10.1146/annurev-psych-100125-025051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-100125-025051","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8010,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of psychology","volume":"77 1","pages":"v-vi"},"PeriodicalIF":29.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146008448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annual review of psychologyPub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-09-12DOI: 10.1146/annurev-psych-030625-040748
Michael C Frank, Noah D Goodman
{"title":"Cognitive Modeling Using Artificial Intelligence.","authors":"Michael C Frank, Noah D Goodman","doi":"10.1146/annurev-psych-030625-040748","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-psych-030625-040748","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent progress in artificial intelligence (AI) is exciting, but can AI models tell us about the human mind? AI models have a long history of being used as theoretical artifacts in cognitive science, but one key difference in the current generation of models is that they are stimulus computable, meaning that they can operate over stimuli that are similar to those experienced by people. This advance creates important opportunities for deepening our understanding of the human mind. We argue here that the most exciting of these is the use of AI models as cognitive models, wherein they are trained using human-scale input data and evaluated using careful experimental probes. Such cognitive models constitute a substantial advance that can inform theories of human intelligence by helping to explain and predict behavior.</p>","PeriodicalId":8010,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of psychology","volume":" ","pages":"543-566"},"PeriodicalIF":41.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145051813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}