Annual review of psychologyPub Date : 2022-01-04Epub Date: 2021-09-29DOI: 10.1146/annurev-psych-032921-050951
Barbara J Knowlton, Alan D Castel
{"title":"Memory and Reward-Based Learning: A Value-Directed Remembering Perspective.","authors":"Barbara J Knowlton, Alan D Castel","doi":"10.1146/annurev-psych-032921-050951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-032921-050951","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The ability to prioritize valuable information is critical for the efficient use of memory in daily life. When information is important, we engage more effective encoding mechanisms that can better support retrieval. Here, we describe a dual-mechanism framework of value-directed remembering in which both strategic and automatic processes lead to differential encoding of valuable information. Strategic processes rely on metacognitive awareness of effective deep encoding strategies that allow younger and healthy older adults to selectively remember important information. In contrast, some high-value information may also be encoded automatically in the absence of intention to remember, but this may be more impaired in older age. These different mechanisms are subserved by different neural substrates, with left-hemisphere semantic processing regions active during the strategic encoding of high-value items, and automatic enhancement of encoding of high-value items may be supported by activation of midbrain dopaminergic projections to the hippocampal region.</p>","PeriodicalId":8010,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":24.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39469397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annual review of psychologyPub Date : 2022-01-04Epub Date: 2021-09-29DOI: 10.1146/annurev-psych-052621-045243
Stephanie H M van Goozen, Kate Langley, Christopher W Hobson
{"title":"Childhood Antisocial Behavior: A Neurodevelopmental Problem.","authors":"Stephanie H M van Goozen, Kate Langley, Christopher W Hobson","doi":"10.1146/annurev-psych-052621-045243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-052621-045243","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Early-onset disruptive, aggressive, and antisocial behavior is persistent, can become increasingly serious as children grow older, and is difficult to change. In 2007, our group proposed a theoretical model highlighting the interplay between neurobiological deficits and cognitive and emotional functioning as mediators of the link between genetic influences and early social adversity, on the one hand, and antisocial behavioral problems in childhood, on the other. In this article, we review the post-2007 evidence relevant to this model. We discuss research on genetics/epigenetics, stress/arousal regulation, and emotion and executive functioning in support of the argument that antisocial children, especially those who persist in engaging in antisocial behavior as they grow older, have a range of neuropsychological characteristics that are important in explaining individual differences in the severity and persistence of antisocial behavior. Current clinical practice tends not to acknowledge these individual neuropsychological risk factors or to target them for intervention. We argue that aggressive and disruptive behavior in childhood should be regarded as a neurodevelopmental problem and that intervening at the level of mediating neuropsychological processes represents a promising way forward in tackling these serious behavioral problems.</p>","PeriodicalId":8010,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":24.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39469398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annual review of psychologyPub Date : 2022-01-04Epub Date: 2021-09-17DOI: 10.1146/annurev-psych-021721-110002
György Buzsáki, Sam McKenzie, Lila Davachi
{"title":"Neurophysiology of Remembering.","authors":"György Buzsáki, Sam McKenzie, Lila Davachi","doi":"10.1146/annurev-psych-021721-110002","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-psych-021721-110002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>By linking the past with the future, our memories define our sense of identity. Because human memory engages the conscious realm, its examination has historically been approached from language and introspection and proceeded largely along separate parallel paths in humans and other animals. Here, we first highlight the achievements and limitations of this mind-based approach and make the case for a new brain-based understanding of declarative memory with a focus on hippocampal physiology. Next, we discuss the interleaved nature and common physiological mechanisms of navigation in real and mental spacetime. We suggest that a distinguishing feature of memory types is whether they subserve actions for single or multiple uses. Finally, in contrast to the persisting view of the mind as a highly plastic blank slate ready for the world to make its imprint, we hypothesize that neuronal networks are endowed with a reservoir of neural trajectories, and the challenge faced by the brain is how to select and match preexisting neuronal trajectories with events in the world.</p>","PeriodicalId":8010,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":23.6,"publicationDate":"2022-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9241447/pdf/nihms-1817781.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39426586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annual review of psychologyPub Date : 2022-01-04Epub Date: 2021-09-21DOI: 10.1146/annurev-psych-033020-123501
Emmanuel M Pothos, Jerome R Busemeyer
{"title":"Quantum Cognition.","authors":"Emmanuel M Pothos, Jerome R Busemeyer","doi":"10.1146/annurev-psych-033020-123501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-033020-123501","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Uncertainty is an intrinsic part of life; most events, affairs, and questions are uncertain. A key problem in behavioral sciences is how the mind copes with uncertain information. Quantum probability theory offers a set of principles for inference, which align well with intuition about psychological processes in certain cases: cases when it appears that inference is contextual, the mental state changes as a result of previous judgments, or there is interference between different possibilities. We motivate the use of quantum theory in cognition and its key characteristics. For each of these characteristics, we review relevant quantum cognitive models and empirical support. The scope of quantum cognitive models encompasses fallacies in decision-making (such as the conjunction fallacy or the disjunction effect), question order effects, conceptual combination, evidence accumulation, perception, over-/underdistribution effects in memory, and more. Quantum models often formalize psychological ideas previously expressed in heuristic terms, allow unified explanations of previously disparate findings, and have led to several surprising, novel predictions. We also cast a critical eye on quantum models and consider some of their shortcomings and issues regarding their further development.</p>","PeriodicalId":8010,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":24.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39435411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annual review of psychologyPub Date : 2022-01-04Epub Date: 2021-09-27DOI: 10.1146/annurev-psych-030221-031857
Ning Zhang, Shujuan Yang, Peng Jia
{"title":"Cultivating Resilience During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Socioecological Perspective.","authors":"Ning Zhang, Shujuan Yang, Peng Jia","doi":"10.1146/annurev-psych-030221-031857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-030221-031857","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic poses wide-ranging impacts on the physical and mental health of people around the world, increasing attention from both researchers and practitioners on the topic of resilience. In this article, we review previous research on resilience from the past several decades, focusing on how to cultivate resilience during emerging situations such as the COVID-19 pandemic at the individual, organizational, community, and national levels from a socioecological perspective. Although previous research has greatly enriched our understanding of the conceptualization, predicting factors, processes, and consequences of resilience from a variety of disciplines and levels, future research is needed to gain a deeper and comprehensive understanding of resilience, including developing an integrative and interdisciplinary framework for cultivating resilience, developing an understanding of resilience from a life span perspective, and developing scalable and cost-effective interventions for enhancing resilience and improving pandemic preparedness.</p>","PeriodicalId":8010,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":24.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39463804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annual review of psychologyPub Date : 2022-01-04Epub Date: 2021-09-27DOI: 10.1146/annurev-psych-033020-122814
Edith Chen, Gene H Brody, Gregory E Miller
{"title":"What Are the Health Consequences of Upward Mobility?","authors":"Edith Chen, Gene H Brody, Gregory E Miller","doi":"10.1146/annurev-psych-033020-122814","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-psych-033020-122814","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Health disparities by socioeconomic status (SES) have been extensively documented, but less is known about the physical health implications of achieving upward mobility. This article critically reviews the evolving literature in this area, concluding that upward mobility is associated with a trade-off, whereby economic success and positive mental health in adulthood can come at the expense of physical health, a pattern termed skin-deep resilience. We consider explanations for this phenomenon, including prolonged high striving, competing demands between the environments upwardly mobile individuals seek to enter and their environments of origin, cultural mismatches between adaptive strategies from their childhood environments and those that are valued in higher-SES environments, and the sense of alienation, lack of belonging, and discrimination that upwardly mobile individuals face as they move into spaces set up by and for high-SES groups. These stressors are hypothesized to lead to unhealthy behaviors and a dysregulation of biological systems, with implications for cardiometabolic health.</p>","PeriodicalId":8010,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":23.6,"publicationDate":"2022-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10142907/pdf/nihms-1889854.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9731528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Richard A Andersen, Tyson Aflalo, Luke Bashford, David Bjånes, Spencer Kellis
{"title":"Exploring Cognition with Brain-Machine Interfaces.","authors":"Richard A Andersen, Tyson Aflalo, Luke Bashford, David Bjånes, Spencer Kellis","doi":"10.1146/annurev-psych-030221-030214","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-psych-030221-030214","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Traditional brain-machine interfaces decode cortical motor commands to control external devices. These commands are the product of higher-level cognitive processes, occurring across a network of brain areas, that integrate sensory information, plan upcoming motor actions, and monitor ongoing movements. We review cognitive signals recently discovered in the human posterior parietal cortex during neuroprosthetic clinical trials. These signals are consistent with small regions of cortex having a diverse role in cognitive aspects of movement control and body monitoring, including sensorimotor integration, planning, trajectory representation, somatosensation, action semantics, learning, and decision making. These variables are encoded within the same population of cells using structured representations that bind related sensory and motor variables, an architecture termed partially mixed selectivity. Diverse cognitive signals provide complementary information to traditional motor commands to enable more natural and intuitive control of external devices.</p>","PeriodicalId":8010,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":24.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39784751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annual review of psychologyPub Date : 2022-01-04Epub Date: 2021-10-12DOI: 10.1146/annurev-psych-020821-111311
Cody A Freas, Ken Cheng
{"title":"The Basis of Navigation Across Species.","authors":"Cody A Freas, Ken Cheng","doi":"10.1146/annurev-psych-020821-111311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-020821-111311","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Animals navigate a wide range of distances, from a few millimeters to globe-spanning journeys of thousands of kilometers. Despite this array of navigational challenges, similar principles underlie these behaviors across species. Here, we focus on the navigational strategies and supporting mechanisms in four well-known systems: the large-scale migratory behaviors of sea turtles and lepidopterans as well as navigation on a smaller scale by rats and solitarily foraging ants. In lepidopterans, rats, and ants we also discuss the current understanding of the neural architecture which supports navigation. The orientation and navigational behaviors of these animals are defined in terms of behavioral error-reduction strategies reliant on multiple goal-directed servomechanisms. We conclude by proposing to incorporate an additional component into this system: the observation that servomechanisms operate on oscillatory systems of cycling behavior. These oscillators and servomechanisms comprise the basis for directed orientation and navigational behaviors.</p>","PeriodicalId":8010,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":24.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39507864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annual review of psychologyPub Date : 2022-01-04Epub Date: 2021-10-19DOI: 10.1146/annurev-psych-020821-125100
Lilach Sagiv, Shalom H Schwartz
{"title":"Personal Values Across Cultures.","authors":"Lilach Sagiv, Shalom H Schwartz","doi":"10.1146/annurev-psych-020821-125100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-020821-125100","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Values play an outsized role in the visions, critiques, and discussions of politics, religion, education, and family life. Despite all the attention values receive in everyday discourse, their systematic study took hold in mainstream psychology only in the 1990s. This review discusses the nature of values and presents the main contemporary value theories, focusing on the theory of basic personal values. We review evidence for the content and the structure of conflict and compatibility among values found across cultures. We discuss the assumptions underlying the many instruments developed to measure values. We then consider the origins of value priorities and their stability or change over time. The remainder of the review presents the evidence for the ways personal values relate to personality traits and subjective well-being and the implications of value differences for religiosity, prejudice, pro- and antisocial behavior, political and environmental behavior, and creativity, concluding with a discussion of mechanisms that link values to behavior.</p>","PeriodicalId":8010,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":24.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39533301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annual review of psychologyPub Date : 2022-01-04Epub Date: 2021-09-21DOI: 10.1146/annurev-psych-021021-103038
Jean-Paul Noel, Dora E Angelaki
{"title":"Cognitive, Systems, and Computational Neurosciences of the Self in Motion.","authors":"Jean-Paul Noel, Dora E Angelaki","doi":"10.1146/annurev-psych-021021-103038","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-psych-021021-103038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Navigating by path integration requires continuously estimating one's self-motion. This estimate may be derived from visual velocity and/or vestibular acceleration signals. Importantly, these senses in isolation are ill-equipped to provide accurate estimates, and thus visuo-vestibular integration is an imperative. After a summary of the visual and vestibular pathways involved, the crux of this review focuses on the human and theoretical approaches that have outlined a normative account of cue combination in behavior and neurons, as well as on the systems neuroscience efforts that are searching for its neural implementation. We then highlight a contemporary frontier in our state of knowledge: understanding how velocity cues with time-varying reliabilities are integrated into an evolving position estimate over prolonged time periods. Further, we discuss how the brain builds internal models inferring when cues ought to be integrated versus segregated-a process of causal inference. Lastly, we suggest that the study of spatial navigation has not yet addressed its initial condition: self-location.</p>","PeriodicalId":8010,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":23.6,"publicationDate":"2022-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8897977/pdf/nihms-1783426.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39435412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}