{"title":"Rethinking Vision and Action.","authors":"K. Nakayama, Jeff Moher, Joo-Hyun Song","doi":"10.31234/osf.io/5k2e4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/5k2e4","url":null,"abstract":"Action is an important arbitrator as to whether an individual or a species will survive. Yet, action has not been well integrated into the study of psychology. Action or motor behavior is a field apart. This is traditional science with its need for specialization. The sequence in a typical laboratory experiment of see → decide → act provides the rationale for broad disciplinary categorizations. With renewed interest in action itself, surprising and exciting anomalous findings at odds with this simplified caricature have emerged. They reveal a much more intimate coupling of vision and action, which we describe. In turn, this prompts us to identify and dwell on three pertinent theories deserving of greater notice.","PeriodicalId":8010,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":24.8,"publicationDate":"2022-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44897106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annual review of psychologyPub Date : 2022-01-04Epub Date: 2021-10-06DOI: 10.1146/annurev-psych-020821-094927
Jeff Miller, Rolf Ulrich
{"title":"Optimizing Research Output: How Can Psychological Research Methods Be Improved?","authors":"Jeff Miller, Rolf Ulrich","doi":"10.1146/annurev-psych-020821-094927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-020821-094927","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent evidence suggests that research practices in psychology and many other disciplines are far less effective than previously assumed, which has led to what has been called a \"crisis of confidence\" in psychological research (e.g., Pashler & Wagenmakers 2012). In response to the perceived crisis, standard research practices have come under intense scrutiny, and various changes have been suggested to improve them. The burgeoning field of metascience seeks to use standard quantitative data-gathering and modeling techniques to understand the reasons for inefficiency, to assess the likely effects of suggested changes, and ultimately to tell psychologists how to do better science. We review the pros and cons of suggested changes, highlighting the many complex research trade-offs that must be addressed to identify better methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":8010,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":24.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39489702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Introduction.","authors":"Susan T Fiske, Daniel L Schacter","doi":"10.1146/annurev-ps-73-261021-100001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ps-73-261021-100001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8010,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":24.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39784752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Psicología y Pueblos Indígenas.","authors":"Roberto González, Héctor Carvacho, Gloria Jiménez-Moya","doi":"10.1146/annurev-psych-092421-034141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-092421-034141","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>La pregunta sobre la existencia de características comunes inherentes a la psicología de los pueblos Indígenas de todo el mundo ha sido objeto de mucho debate. Nosotros argumentamos que los pueblos Indígenas comparten la experiencia de la colonización, así como sus consecuencias sociales y psicológicas. Desarrollamos este argumento en cuatro secciones: (<i>a</i>) La historia global de la colonización y las desigualdades sociales; (<i>b</i>) aspectos relativos a la identidad y los procesos grupales, incluidas la transmisión intergeneracional de valores compartidos, la conexión con la naturaleza y la promoción del cambio social; (<i>c</i>) el prejuicio y la discriminación hacia los pueblos Indígenas y el rol que juegan los procesos psicológicos para promover relaciones positivas entre los pueblos Indígenas y no-Indígenas; y (<i>d</i>) el impacto del trauma histórico y del colonialismo en la cognición, la salud mental y el bienestar de los pueblos Indígenas, así como la base para el desarrollo de intervenciones exitosas que integran los conocimientos Indígenas. Por último, abordamos los desafíos futuros de la investigación sobre estos temas.</p>","PeriodicalId":8010,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":24.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39784753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Catching Up on Multilevel Modeling.","authors":"Lesa Hoffman, Ryan W Walters","doi":"10.1146/annurev-psych-020821-103525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-020821-103525","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review focuses on the use of multilevel models in psychology and other social sciences. We target readers who are catching up on current best practices and sources of controversy in the specification of multilevel models. We first describe common use cases for clustered, longitudinal, and cross-classified designs, as well as their combinations. Using examples from both clustered and longitudinal designs, we then address issues of centering for observed predictor variables: its use in creating interpretable fixed and random effects of predictors, its relationship to endogeneity problems (correlations between predictors and model error terms), and its translation into multivariate multilevel models (using latent-centering within multilevel structural equation models). Finally, we describe novel extensions-mixed-effects location-scale models-designed for predicting differential amounts of variability.</p>","PeriodicalId":8010,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":24.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39784330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annual review of psychologyPub Date : 2022-01-04Epub Date: 2021-10-21DOI: 10.1146/annurev-psych-022321-035256
Ilina Bhaya-Grossman, Edward F Chang
{"title":"Speech Computations of the Human Superior Temporal Gyrus.","authors":"Ilina Bhaya-Grossman, Edward F Chang","doi":"10.1146/annurev-psych-022321-035256","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-psych-022321-035256","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human speech perception results from neural computations that transform external acoustic speech signals into internal representations of words. The superior temporal gyrus (STG) contains the nonprimary auditory cortex and is a critical locus for phonological processing. Here, we describe how speech sound representation in the STG relies on fundamentally nonlinear and dynamical processes, such as categorization, normalization, contextual restoration, and the extraction of temporal structure. A spatial mosaic of local cortical sites on the STG exhibits complex auditory encoding for distinct acoustic-phonetic and prosodic features. We propose that as a population ensemble, these distributed patterns of neural activity give rise to abstract, higher-order phonemic and syllabic representations that support speech perception. This review presents a multi-scale, recurrent model of phonological processing in the STG, highlighting the critical interface between auditory and language systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":8010,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":23.6,"publicationDate":"2022-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9447996/pdf/nihms-1833838.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39539032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annual review of psychologyPub Date : 2022-01-04Epub Date: 2021-07-19DOI: 10.1146/annurev-psych-060321-033406
Adam M Grant, Marissa S Shandell
{"title":"Social Motivation at Work: The Organizational Psychology of Effort for, Against, and with Others.","authors":"Adam M Grant, Marissa S Shandell","doi":"10.1146/annurev-psych-060321-033406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-060321-033406","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although a great deal of effort in tasks, projects, and jobs is fueled by our interactions and relationships, psychologists have often overlooked the social forces that shape work motivation. In this review, we examine new developments in research on the interpersonal dynamics that enable and constrain proactivity, persistence, performance, and productivity. The first section examines the impact of competition on work motivation, including the roles of rivalries, favorite versus underdog expectations, and status strivings. The second section focuses on when and how prosocial motivation can drive people to work harder, smarter, safer, and more collaboratively, as well as on the antecedents and collective consequences of this desire to benefit others. The third section centers on motivation in collaborations, emphasizing contagion, social proximity, friendship, and the motivation to lead. Together, these literatures suggest that although rivalries and friendships are double-edged swords, the twin goals to compete and contribute can be harnessed constructively.</p>","PeriodicalId":8010,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":24.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39198812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annual review of psychologyPub Date : 2022-01-04Epub Date: 2021-09-23DOI: 10.1146/annurev-psych-020821-104057
Christopher Summerfield, Paula Parpart
{"title":"Normative Principles for Decision-Making in Natural Environments.","authors":"Christopher Summerfield, Paula Parpart","doi":"10.1146/annurev-psych-020821-104057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-020821-104057","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The decisions we make are shaped by a lifetime of learning. Past experience guides the way that we encode information in neural systems for perception and valuation, and determines the information we retrieve when making decisions. Distinct literatures have discussed how lifelong learning and local context shape decisions made about sensory signals, propositional information, or economic prospects. Here, we build bridges between these literatures, arguing for common principles of adaptive rationality in perception, cognition, and economic choice. We discuss how a single common framework, based on normative principles of efficient coding and Bayesian inference, can help us understand a myriad of human decision biases, including sensory illusions, adaptive aftereffects, choice history biases, central tendency effects, anchoring effects, contrast effects, framing effects, congruency effects, reference-dependent valuation, nonlinear utility functions, and discretization heuristics. We describe a simple computational framework for explaining these phenomena.</p>","PeriodicalId":8010,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":24.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39464477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annual review of psychologyPub Date : 2022-01-04Epub Date: 2021-09-29DOI: 10.1146/annurev-psych-020821-113042
Arthur C Graesser, John P Sabatini, Haiying Li
{"title":"Educational Psychology Is Evolving to Accommodate Technology, Multiple Disciplines, and Twenty-First-Century Skills.","authors":"Arthur C Graesser, John P Sabatini, Haiying Li","doi":"10.1146/annurev-psych-020821-113042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-020821-113042","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article covers recent research activities in educational psychology that have an interdisciplinary emphasis and that accommodate twenty-first-century skills in addition to the traditional foundations of literacy, numeracy, science, reasoning (problem-solving), and academic subject matter. We emphasize digital technologies because they are capable of tracking learning data in rich detail and reliably delivering interventions that are tailored to individual learners in particular sociocultural contexts. This is a departure from inflexible pedagogical approaches that previously have been routinely adopted in most classrooms and other contexts of instruction with no precise record of learning and instructional activities. A good design of educational technology embraces the principles of learning science, identifies the basic types of learning that are needed, implements relevant technological affordances, and accommodates feedback from different stakeholders. This article covers research in literacy, collaborative problem-solving, motivation, emotion, and science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":8010,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":24.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39469348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annual review of psychologyPub Date : 2022-01-04Epub Date: 2021-09-13DOI: 10.1146/annurev-psych-020821-114927
Brent W Roberts, Hee J Yoon
{"title":"Personality Psychology.","authors":"Brent W Roberts, Hee J Yoon","doi":"10.1146/annurev-psych-020821-114927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-020821-114927","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Personality psychology, which seeks to study individual differences in thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that persist over time and place, has experienced a renaissance in the last few decades. It has also not been reviewed as a field in the <i>Annual Review of Psychology</i> since 2001. In this article, we seek to provide an update as well as a meta-organizational structure to the field. In particular, personality psychology has a prescribed set of four responsibilities that it implicitly or explicitly tackles as a field: (<i>a</i>) describing what personality is-i.e., what the units of analysis in the field are; (<i>b</i>) documenting how it develops; (<i>c</i>) explaining the processes of personality and why they affect functioning; and (<i>d</i>) providing a framework for understanding individuals and explaining their actions, feelings, and motivations. We review progress made over the last 20 years to address these four agendas and conclude by highlighting future directions and ongoing challenges to the field.</p>","PeriodicalId":8010,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":24.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39412233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}