Michael Grätz, Felix C. Tropf, Fartein Ask Torvik, Ole A. Andreassen, Torkild H. Lyngstad
{"title":"No evidence of positive causal effects of maternal and paternal age at first birth on children’s test scores at age 10 years","authors":"Michael Grätz, Felix C. Tropf, Fartein Ask Torvik, Ole A. Andreassen, Torkild H. Lyngstad","doi":"10.1038/s41562-025-02108-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-025-02108-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Research has shown that higher maternal and paternal age is positively associated with children’s education. Debate continues as to whether these relationships are causal. This is of great interest given the postponement of first births in almost all developed countries during the twentieth century. Here we use an instrumental variable approach (Mendelian randomization) using maternal and paternal polygenic indices (PGIs) for age at first birth—while conditioning on the child’s PGI for age at first birth—to identify the causal effects of maternal and paternal age at first birth on children’s test scores based on data from the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort study. We do not find evidence of positive causal effects of both maternal and paternal age at first birth on children’s test scores at age 10 years once the children’s PGI and correlations among different PGIs are controlled for. We therefore conclude that our results do not provide evidence in favour of sociological theories that predict positive causal effects of parental age on children’s educational attainment.</p>","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143507012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Universally memorable voices","authors":"Abigail R. Bradshaw","doi":"10.1038/s41562-025-02113-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-025-02113-9","url":null,"abstract":"Some voices are instantly recognizable, whereas others are easily forgotten — regardless of how well known the person behind them is. In an experimental study, Revsine and colleagues report consistency in the vocal identities that are remembered or forgotten by listeners, which suggests universal principles that determine what makes a voice memorable.","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143495223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cambria Revsine, Esther Goldberg, Wilma A. Bainbridge
{"title":"The memorability of voices is predictable and consistent across listeners","authors":"Cambria Revsine, Esther Goldberg, Wilma A. Bainbridge","doi":"10.1038/s41562-025-02112-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-025-02112-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Memorability, the likelihood that a stimulus is remembered, is an intrinsic stimulus property that is highly consistent across people—participants tend to remember or forget the same faces, objects and more. However, these consistencies in memory have thus far only been observed for visual stimuli. Here we investigated memorability in the auditory domain, collecting recognition memory scores from over 3,000 participants listening to a sequence of speakers saying the same sentence. We found significant consistency across participants in their memory for voice clips and for speakers across different utterances. Regression models incorporating both low-level (for example, fundamental frequency) and high-level (for example, dialect) voice properties were significantly predictive of memorability and generalized out of sample, supporting an inherent memorability of speakers’ voices. These results provide strong evidence that listeners are similar in the voices they remember, which can be reliably predicted by quantifiable low-level acoustic features.</p>","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143495224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ginger E. Nicol, Danielle R. Adams, Eric J. Lenze, Leopoldo J. Cabassa
{"title":"Shrinking the know–do gap in psychedelic-assisted therapy","authors":"Ginger E. Nicol, Danielle R. Adams, Eric J. Lenze, Leopoldo J. Cabassa","doi":"10.1038/s41562-025-02103-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-025-02103-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>There is a push to shrink the anticipated 17-year research-to-practice gap for psychedelic-assisted therapy (PAT), offering precarious hope to those with disabling mental health conditions. However, numerous questions regarding how PAT works, how well it works, for whom and in what context remain. Substantial changes to current systems of care, including regulatory approvals, clinical training and access will all be required to accommodate PAT, a multimodal therapy that combines pharmacological and psychotherapy components that are not routinely available outside clinical research settings. Implementation science can help to reduce the gap in a way that maintains scientific rigour by simultaneously examining the safety, effectiveness and implementation of PAT. Specifically, precision implementation science methods (for example, sequential multiple assignment randomized trial (SMART) designs), hybrid study designs, valid measurement of fidelity and use of theory-based models and frameworks for treatment development will accelerate the process of implementation while balancing safety and quality. The time to proceed, with accelerated caution, is now.</p>","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143477663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yifan Li, Xinglun Dang, Rui Chen, Zhaowei Teng, Junyang Wang, Shiwu Li, Yingying Yue, Brittany L. Mitchell, Yong Zeng, Yong-Gang Yao, Ming Li, Zhongchun Liu, Yonggui Yuan, Tao Li, Zhijun Zhang, Xiong-Jian Luo
{"title":"Cross-ancestry genome-wide association study and systems-level integrative analyses implicate new risk genes and therapeutic targets for depression","authors":"Yifan Li, Xinglun Dang, Rui Chen, Zhaowei Teng, Junyang Wang, Shiwu Li, Yingying Yue, Brittany L. Mitchell, Yong Zeng, Yong-Gang Yao, Ming Li, Zhongchun Liu, Yonggui Yuan, Tao Li, Zhijun Zhang, Xiong-Jian Luo","doi":"10.1038/s41562-024-02073-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-024-02073-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Deciphering the genetic architecture of depression is pivotal for characterizing the associated pathophysiological processes and development of new therapeutics. Here we conducted a cross-ancestry genome-wide meta-analysis on depression (416,437 cases and 1,308,758 controls) and identified 287 risk loci, of which 49 are new. Variant-level fine mapping prioritized potential causal variants and functional genomic analysis identified variants that regulate the binding of transcription factors. We validated that 80% of the identified functional variants are regulatory variants, and expression quantitative trait loci analysis uncovered the potential target genes regulated by the prioritized risk variants. Gene-level analysis, including transcriptome and proteome-wide association studies, colocalization and Mendelian randomization-based analyses, prioritized potential causal genes and drug targets. Gene prioritization analyses highlighted likely causal genes, including <i>TMEM106B</i>, <i>CTNND1</i>, <i>AREL1</i> and so on. Pathway analysis indicated significant enrichment of depression risk genes in synapse-related pathways. Finally, knockdown of <i>Tmem106b</i> in mice resulted in depression-like behaviours, supporting the involvement of <i>Tmem106b</i> in depression. Our study identified new risk loci, likely causal variants and genes for depression, providing important insights into the genetic architecture of depression and potential therapeutic targets.</p>","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143477665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Moh Hosseinioun, Frank Neffke, Letian Zhang, Hyejin Youn
{"title":"Skill dependencies uncover nested human capital","authors":"Moh Hosseinioun, Frank Neffke, Letian Zhang, Hyejin Youn","doi":"10.1038/s41562-024-02093-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-024-02093-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Modern economies require increasingly diverse and specialized skills, many of which depend on the acquisition of other skills first. Here we analyse US survey data to reveal a nested structure within skill portfolios, where the direction of dependency is inferred from asymmetrical conditional probabilities—occupations require one skill conditional on another. This directional nature suggests that advanced, specific skills and knowledge are often built upon broader, fundamental ones. We examine 70 million job transitions to show that human capital development and career progression follow this structured pathway in which skills more aligned with the nested structure command higher wage premiums, require longer education and are less likely to be automated. These disparities are evident across genders and racial/ethnic groups, explaining long-term wage penalties. Finally, we find that this nested structure has become even more pronounced over the past two decades, indicating increased barriers to upward job mobility.</p>","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143477668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
James A. Brissenden, Yitong Yin, Michael Vesia, Taraz G. Lee
{"title":"Errors of attention adaptively warp spatial cognition","authors":"James A. Brissenden, Yitong Yin, Michael Vesia, Taraz G. Lee","doi":"10.1038/s41562-025-02109-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-025-02109-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Adaptation is the process by which we adjust internal models of the body, world and mind in response to sensory feedback. Although adaptation is studied extensively in the context of motor control, there is limited evidence that cognitive functions such as working memory are subject to the same error-driven adaptive control mechanism. To examine the possibility that internal spatial representations undergo adaptation, we had participants perform a task that interleaved a perceptual discrimination task and a spatial working memory task. Perceptual discrimination trials (85% of trials) presented an initial peripheral cue to exogenously capture attention, immediately followed by a displaced target stimulus. This sequence of events served to repeatedly induce a covert attentional allocation error. Interleaved spatial working memory trials (15% of trials) presented a stimulus at a pseudorandom peripheral location followed by a delay interval. On half of the working memory trials, the stimulus was surreptitiously presented at the same location as the initial attentional cue. We found that as attentional errors accumulated over the course of the experiment, participants’ spatial recall shifted to counteract the attentional error. The magnitude of this shift was proportional to the number of induced errors. Recall performance recovered rapidly following the offset of error trials. Multiple control experiments ruled out alternative explanations for these results, such as oculomotor confounds and attentional biases unrelated to error. These findings indicate that the computational mechanisms governing the adaptation of motor commands appear to similarly serve to adjust and calibrate spatial cognition.</p>","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143477664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Skill dependencies underlie career paths and have societal implications","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s41562-024-02094-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-024-02094-1","url":null,"abstract":"A framework to understand the labour market reveals a nested hierarchical architecture in human capital in which specific knowledge and skills are contingent upon foundational, general skills and knowledge. This nested skill structure provides a new perspective on wage premiums and persistent wage disparity observed across different demographic groups.","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143477662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marek Lubośny, Pavanee Annasawmy, Itziar Burgués Martínez, Timotej Turk Dermastia, Lucía Espasandín, Joana Filipa Fernandes, Marcos Fontela, Cristina Galobart, Odei Garcia-Garin, Inês Gregório, Natalia Llopis Monferrer, María López-Acosta, Mikołaj Mazurkiewicz, Nerea Piñeiro-Juncal, Amanda Schadeberg, Costanza Scopetani, Anna Sowa, Giuseppe Suaria, Anastasia Tsiola
{"title":"How institutions can better support international early-career researchers","authors":"Marek Lubośny, Pavanee Annasawmy, Itziar Burgués Martínez, Timotej Turk Dermastia, Lucía Espasandín, Joana Filipa Fernandes, Marcos Fontela, Cristina Galobart, Odei Garcia-Garin, Inês Gregório, Natalia Llopis Monferrer, María López-Acosta, Mikołaj Mazurkiewicz, Nerea Piñeiro-Juncal, Amanda Schadeberg, Costanza Scopetani, Anna Sowa, Giuseppe Suaria, Anastasia Tsiola","doi":"10.1038/s41562-025-02125-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-025-02125-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To build and establish essential international networks, gain international experience and secure a position on the academic tenure track, early-career researchers are increasingly seeking employment opportunities abroad<sup>1,2</sup>. Relocation to a foreign country — particularly one with a different culture and language — is an inherently challenging undertaking. Early-career researchers often encounter difficulties even before departing. A typical example would be the frustrating cycle between residence permit and employment contract: in many cases, obtaining a visa or residence permit is necessary to secure an employment contract. However, without proof of employment and a rental agreement, obtaining a visa can be difficult. In situations in which institutions fail to provide specialized and dedicated support, delays in the researcher’s arrival may occur that limit the ability of the early-career researcher to achieve and show their full potential within the host institution.</p><p>After arrival, those who do not speak the local language may face additional challenges<sup>3</sup>. Although researchers typically use a common language (often English), administrative staff of the employing institutions might not, which makes tasks such as completing paperwork and reading email correspondence difficult. These activities frequently require help from a bilingual third party, which is not always available or advisable for sensitive matters. Furthermore, such challenges often extend beyond the walls of the institution into daily life, including in finding accommodation, setting up a local bank account, navigating taxes, and scheduling private or occupational medical appointments.</p>","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143477414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"What cities can learn from the brain","authors":"Robin Mazumder","doi":"10.1038/s41562-025-02128-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-025-02128-2","url":null,"abstract":"Given its ability to manage a multitude of functions in support of survival, the dynamics and organization of the brain offer the city — another confluence of structures and processes — lessons for urban design. I propose the concept of ‘neuromimicry’ as a way of exploring the potential application of these lessons.","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143462142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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