Nature Human Behaviour最新文献

{"title":"Mourning the loss of AI companions.","authors":"Julian De Freitas, Noah Castelo, Ahmet Kaan Uğuralp, Zeliha Oğuz-Uğuralp","doi":"10.1038/s41562-026-02569-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-026-02569-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As artificial intelligence (AI) shifts from tool use to social interaction, company-initiated updates can disrupt user well-being. Here we develop an attachment-based account in which AI companions function as attachment figures such that disruptive updates are associated with separation distress. Across two natural experiments-Replika's erotic role play removal and ChatGPT's GPT-5 rollout-we analysed 54,861 posts from Replika and ChatGPT subreddits and analysed data from 1,452 participants across seven surveys. Both updates increased negativity, loss framing and restoration desires (Replika negative posts, +24.7 percentage points, 95% CI 20.1 to 29.2; ChatGPT, +13.0 percentage points, 95% CI 10.8 to 15.2), with larger Replika (versus ChatGPT) increases in sadness (d = 2.67 versus 1.41) and negative mental health (d = 1.72 versus 0.63). Replika users reported closeness exceeding common human ties (versus friend d = 0.47) and anticipated mourning higher than other technologies (d = 0.32-0.57). These findings inform how companies and regulators evaluate psychological risks of generative AI updates.</p>","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148888244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How contemporary academic structures constrain scientific creativity and hold back early-career researchers.","authors":"Phillip J Haubrock, Antonín Kouba, Ismael Soto, Neil Angelo S Abreo, Lorenzo Vilizzi, Dagmara Błońska, Ali Serhan Tarkan, Vanessa De Santis, Ronaldo Sousa, António Barbosa Nogueira, Senne Heeren, Joana Garrido Nogueira, Carlos Cano-Barbacil, Bruno Cremella, Diederik Strubbe, Janine Pereira da Silva, Riccardo Poloni, Pablo Deschepper, Eli S J Thoré, Benjamin Misteli, Jingrui Sun, Martina Panisi, David Dudgeon, Valentini Stamatiadou, Shams M Galib, Chelly Maes, Nompumelelo C Baso, Wouter Beukema, Barbora Števove, Eva Záhorská, Irmak Kurtul, Davinder Kaur, Augusto Frederico Huber, Dariusz Halabowski, Janeide de Assis Guilherme Padilha, Paride Balzani, Cüneyt Kaya, Esra Bayçelebi, Michele Mugnai, Danish A Ahmed, Gülşah Saç, Sadi Aksu, Burak Malik Kaya, Mulkibar Ciftcioglu, Xiaoming Jiang, Marta Rodríguez-Rey, Irene Martín-Forés, Suzana Gonçalves Leles, Lucian Pârvulescu, Jan Pergl, Federica Rossetto, Hui Wei, Natalia I Kirichenko, Elizabeta Briski, Luca Gallitelli, J Robert Britton, Teun Everts","doi":"10.1038/s41562-026-02575-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-026-02575-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We argue that contemporary scientific systems progressively constrain high-risk and conceptually innovative research while being increasingly structured around short funding cycles, productivity-based evaluation criteria and risk-averse frameworks that favour predictable and non-transformative research outputs. Drawing on recent empirical literature, we show how such systems can place disproportionate pressure on early-career researchers by incentivizing safe, tractable and easily evaluated outputs. Structural academic mechanisms such as peer review and funding, escalating publication costs and institutional inequalities interact with precarious employment and hierarchical dependencies. In this environment, we contend that strategic conformity becomes a rational career path. This risks suppressing creativity and critical thinking precisely at the stage when scientific independence could otherwise emerge. Consequently, the probability of substantive contributions by early-career researchers is declining, while talent may increasingly abandon academia or cluster within a limited number of well-resourced institutions and national systems. By adopting a systems-level perspective, we argue that scientific creativity is not merely an individual trait but an emerging property of a supportive academic landscape and that maintaining or restoring it may require substantial structural reforms. These include promoting stable research pathways, decentralized decision-making and evaluation frameworks that better recognize collaboration, originality, persistence and nonlinear career trajectories. Without systemic change, we risk stifling the potential of early-career researchers to go beyond the confines of existing methods and approaches and deliver transformative advances. This would limit their capacity to meaningfully change our understanding of the world or benefit society, with impacts that fall short of their potential.</p>","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148888186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The gender gap reconsidered.","authors":"Bryce E Hughes","doi":"10.1038/s41562-026-02448-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-026-02448-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148888254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Author Correction: On the conversational persuasiveness of GPT-4.","authors":"Francesco Salvi, Manoel Horta Ribeiro, Riccardo Gallotti, Robert West","doi":"10.1038/s41562-026-02588-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-026-02588-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148888184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gender and LGBTQ+ representation across college majors and achievement levels using nationally representative US data.","authors":"Joseph R Cimpian, Zachary T McDermott, Jo R King, Nathaniel Woznicki, Taek H Kim","doi":"10.1038/s41562-026-02510-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-026-02510-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gender segregation across college majors persists, yet how these patterns vary across achievement levels and intersect with LGBTQ+ identity remains unclear. We examine whether field cultures and social norms may create 'in-group benefits' for lower-achieving members of field-specific majority groups. Using two nationally representative US longitudinal datasets (the High School Longitudinal Study, n = 6,340; and the Baccalaureate and Beyond Class of 2016, n = 12,950), we estimate relative representation across majors spanning male-majority physics/engineering/computer science to female-majority health fields. Across datasets, representation is most polarized among lower-achieving students, particularly in male-majority fields, where lower-achieving straight-cisgender males are overrepresented relative to lower-achieving straight-cisgender females (relative ratio, 2.62; 95% confidence interval, 2.29-3.00), while this representation gap is smaller among higher-achieving students (P < 0.001). The patterns persist after adjusting for achievement, coursework, interests and aspirations. In female-majority fields, evidence for analogous in-group benefits is mixed across models vis-à-vis LGBTQ+ identity. The findings suggest that the forces shaping field-level sorting operate differently across achievement levels, with implications for talent development and broadening participation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148888182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Saturation of moral language predicts lower content engagement on social media.","authors":"Cristian Candia, Mohammad Atari, Nour Kteily, Brian Uzzi","doi":"10.1038/s41562-026-02560-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-026-02560-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Moral language often travels widely online, but does more moral content always correspond to higher engagement? We analysed 1,621,147 observations across 13 socio-political topics on Twitter (n = 530,104), Reddit (n = 1,048,653) and 8chan (n = 42,390). Using Distributed Dictionary Representations-word embeddings scored against an expert-validated moral dictionary-we measured moral loading (that is, a post's overall moral relevance) and moral density (that is, concentration of moral content across words). Negative-binomial models showed that moral loading was positively associated with engagement (range 1.12 [0.96, 1.28] to 9.07 [8.21, 9.93], all P < 0.001). Conditional on moral loading, however, moral density was 'negatively' associated with engagement (range -4.71 [-5.41, -4.02] to -0.40 [-0.52, -0.27], all P < 0.001). Engagement peaked at density 0.30 [0.30048, 0.30070], P < 0.001, with lower engagement below (2.28-fold) and above (2.78-fold), consistent with an engagement advantage for moral language that is bounded by an overmoralization penalty pattern.</p>","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148880898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Turning biometrics into a commodity raises privacy and governance risks.","authors":"Ángel Judel, José M Muñoz, Carlos Amunátegui Perelló, Diego Borbón, José Antonio Iglesias, José Ángel Marinaro, Natalia Monti, Moisés Sánchez, Ciro Colombara, Amanda de la Fuente, Aldo Díaz","doi":"10.1038/s41562-026-02587-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-026-02587-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148880886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Author Correction: An umbrella review of randomized control trials on the effects of physical exercise on cognition.","authors":"Luis F Ciria, Rafael Román-Caballero, Miguel A Vadillo, Darias Holgado, Antonio Luque-Casado, Pandelis Perakakis, Daniel Sanabria","doi":"10.1038/s41562-026-02532-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-026-02532-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148880891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving computational reproducibility in the social sciences.","authors":"Michael V Reiss, Susanne J Adler, Christopher Barrie, Jana B Berkessel, Johannes Breuer, Abel Brodeur, Garret Christensen, Tobias Dienlin, Jeremy Freese, Ben Greiner, Mario Haim, Tom E Hardwicke, Magnus Johannesson, Gary King, Frauke Kreuter, Christopher Lucas, Ana Martinovici, Christophe Pérignon, Marko Sarstedt, Felix D Schönbrodt, Oleg Urminsky, Wouter van Atteveldt, Simine Vazire, Lars Vilhuber, Florian von Wangenheim, Eric-Jan Wagenmakers, Nicolas Pröllochs, Claire Robertson, Felix Holzmeister, Stefan Feuerriegel, Hauke Roggenhamp","doi":"10.1038/s41562-026-02570-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-026-02570-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148875529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Causal overclaiming is widespread in the social sciences.","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s41562-026-02552-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-026-02552-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148875437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}