Nature Human Behaviour最新文献

The effect of seeing scientists as intellectually humble on trust in scientists and their research 将科学家视为智力上谦逊的人对信任科学家及其研究的影响

IF 29.9 1区心理学

Nature Human Behaviour Pub Date : 2024-11-18 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-024-02060-x

Jonah Koetke, Karina Schumann, Shauna M. Bowes, Nina Vaupotič

{"title":"The effect of seeing scientists as intellectually humble on trust in scientists and their research","authors":"Jonah Koetke, Karina Schumann, Shauna M. Bowes, Nina Vaupotič","doi":"10.1038/s41562-024-02060-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-024-02060-x","url":null,"abstract":"Public trust in scientists is critical to our ability to face societal threats. Here, across five pre-registered studies (N = 2,034), we assessed whether perceptions of scientists’ intellectual humility affect perceived trustworthiness of scientists and their research. In study 1, we found that seeing scientists as higher in intellectual humility was associated with greater perceived trustworthiness of scientists and support for science-based beliefs. We then demonstrated that describing a scientist as high (versus low) in intellectual humility increased perceived trustworthiness of the scientist (studies 2–4), belief in their research (studies 2–4), intentions to follow their research-based recommendations (study 3) and information-seeking behaviour (study 4). We further demonstrated that these effects were not moderated by the scientist’s gender (study 3) or race/ethnicity (study 4). In study 5, we experimentally tested communication approaches that scientists can use to convey intellectual humility. These studies reveal the benefits of seeing scientists as intellectually humble across medical, psychological and climate science topics.","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142665466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Positive association between Internet use and mental health among adults aged ≥50 years in 23 countries. 23 个国家中年龄≥50 岁的成年人使用互联网与心理健康之间存在正相关关系。

IF 21.4 1区心理学

Nature Human Behaviour Pub Date : 2024-11-18 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-024-02048-7

Yan Luo, Paul Siu Fai Yip, Qingpeng Zhang

引用次数: 0

Internet use and mental wellbeing in older adults. 老年人使用互联网与精神健康。

IF 21.4 1区心理学

Nature Human Behaviour Pub Date : 2024-11-18 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-024-02050-z

Yao Yao, Erdan Dong

引用次数: 0

School performance and the social gradient in young adult death in Norway 挪威青少年死亡的学校成绩和社会梯度

IF 29.9 1区心理学

Nature Human Behaviour Pub Date : 2024-11-18 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-024-02053-w

Bjørn-Atle Reme, Ole Røgeberg, Fartein Ask Torvik

{"title":"School performance and the social gradient in young adult death in Norway","authors":"Bjørn-Atle Reme, Ole Røgeberg, Fartein Ask Torvik","doi":"10.1038/s41562-024-02053-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-024-02053-w","url":null,"abstract":"Young adults from low socioeconomic backgrounds face an increased risk of early mortality. Here we utilize population-wide data from 17 Norwegian birth cohorts (N = 986,573) to assess whether this risk gradient was explained by early-life educational performance, specifically grade point average at 16 years of age. We show that the gradients in both parental education and income largely disappeared when adjusting for school performance in the models. Specifically, among boys, those with the lowest parental education had an unadjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 2.04 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.86–2.22) compared with peers with the highest parental education, while for girls, the HR was 1.64 (95% CI 1.35–1.93). After adjusting for school performance, these estimates dropped to 0.99 (95% CI 0.79–1.19) for boys and 0.87 (95% CI 0.55–1.19) for girls. Similarly, the mortality risk for those from the lowest parental income quartile decreased from 1.79 (95% CI 1.67–1.91) to 1.25 (95% CI 1.12–1.38) for boys and from 1.63 (95% CI 1.44–1.83) to 1.24 (95% CI 1.03–1.46) for girls. Low educational performance remained strongly associated with early mortality in analyses accounting for unobserved heterogeneity at the family level; boys with a grade point average in the lowest quartile had an HR of 3.04 (95% CI 2.38–3.89), while for girls, the HR was 1.79 (95% CI 1.22–2.63). External causes of death, particularly accidents and poisoning, were most overrepresented among individuals with poor school performance.","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142665465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Warming up cool cooperators 热身酷的合作者。

IF 29.9 1区心理学

Nature Human Behaviour Pub Date : 2023-09-14 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-023-01687-6

Eamonn Ferguson, Claire Lawrence, Sarah Bowen, Carley N. Gemelli, Amy Rozsa, Konrad Niekrasz, Anne van Dongen, Lisa A. Williams, Amanda Thijsen, Nicola Guerin, Barbara Masser, Tanya E. Davison

{"title":"Warming up cool cooperators","authors":"Eamonn Ferguson, Claire Lawrence, Sarah Bowen, Carley N. Gemelli, Amy Rozsa, Konrad Niekrasz, Anne van Dongen, Lisa A. Williams, Amanda Thijsen, Nicola Guerin, Barbara Masser, Tanya E. Davison","doi":"10.1038/s41562-023-01687-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41562-023-01687-6","url":null,"abstract":"Explaining why someone repeats high-cost cooperation towards non-reciprocating strangers is difficult. Warm glow offers an explanation. We argue that warm glow, as a mechanism to sustain long-term cooperation, cools off over time but can be warmed up with a simple intervention message. We tested our predictions in the context of repeat voluntary blood donation (high-cost helping of a non-reciprocating stranger) across 6 studies: a field-based experiment (n = 5,821) comparing warm-glow and impure-altruism messages; an implementation study comparing a 3-yr pre-implementation period among all first-time donors in Australia (N = 270,353) with a 2-yr post-implementation period (N = 170, 317); and 4 studies (n = 716, 1,124, 932, 1,592) exploring mechanisms. We show that there are relatively warm and cool cooperators, not cooling cooperators. Cooperation among cool cooperators is enhanced by a warm-glow-plus-identity message. Furthermore, the behavioural facilitation of future cooperation, by booking an appointment, is associated with being a warm cooperator. Societal implications are discussed. Ferguson et al. test the effectiveness of messages designed to increase rates of repeat blood donation and find that warm-glow feelings as a motivation for cooperation cool over time but can be reactivated.","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"7 11","pages":"1917-1932"},"PeriodicalIF":29.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10663147/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10244607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Intermediate levels of scientific knowledge are associated with overconfidence and negative attitudes towards science 科学知识的中级水平与过度自信和对科学的消极态度有关。

IF 29.9 1区心理学

Nature Human Behaviour Pub Date : 2023-09-14 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-023-01677-8

Simone Lackner, Frederico Francisco, Cristina Mendonça, André Mata, Joana Gonçalves-Sá

{"title":"Intermediate levels of scientific knowledge are associated with overconfidence and negative attitudes towards science","authors":"Simone Lackner, Frederico Francisco, Cristina Mendonça, André Mata, Joana Gonçalves-Sá","doi":"10.1038/s41562-023-01677-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41562-023-01677-8","url":null,"abstract":"Overconfidence is a prevalent problem and it is particularly consequential in its relation with scientific knowledge: being unaware of one’s own ignorance can affect behaviours and threaten public policies and health. However, it is not clear how confidence varies with knowledge. Here, we examine four large surveys, spanning 30 years in Europe and the United States and propose a new confidence metric. This metric does not rely on self-reporting or peer comparison, operationalizing (over)confidence as the tendency to give incorrect answers rather than ‘don’t know’ responses to questions on scientific facts. We find a nonlinear relationship between knowledge and confidence, with overconfidence (the confidence gap) peaking at intermediate levels of actual scientific knowledge. These high-confidence/intermediate-knowledge groups also display the least positive attitudes towards science. These results differ from current models and, by identifying specific audiences, can help inform science communication strategies. Lackner et al. show that individuals with an intermediate level of science knowledge tend to have overconfidence in their own knowledge and negative attitudes to science.","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"7 9","pages":"1490-1501"},"PeriodicalIF":29.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10297173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

With some knowledge comes great confidence (and negative attitudes toward science) 有了一些知识，就会产生极大的信心（以及对科学的消极态度）。

IF 29.9 1区心理学

Nature Human Behaviour Pub Date : 2023-09-14 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-023-01678-7

引用次数: 0

Historical redlining is associated with increasing geographical disparities in bird biodiversity sampling in the United States 历史红线与美国鸟类生物多样性采样的地理差异增加有关。

IF 29.9 1区心理学

Nature Human Behaviour Pub Date : 2023-09-07 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-023-01688-5

Diego Ellis-Soto, Melissa Chapman, Dexter H. Locke

{"title":"Historical redlining is associated with increasing geographical disparities in bird biodiversity sampling in the United States","authors":"Diego Ellis-Soto, Melissa Chapman, Dexter H. Locke","doi":"10.1038/s41562-023-01688-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41562-023-01688-5","url":null,"abstract":"Historic segregation and inequality are critical to understanding modern environmental conditions. Race-based zoning policies, such as redlining in the United States during the 1930s, are associated with racial inequity and adverse multigenerational socioeconomic levels in income and education, and disparate environmental characteristics including tree canopy cover across urban neighbourhoods. Here we quantify the association between redlining and bird biodiversity sampling density and completeness—two critical metrics of biodiversity knowledge—across 195 cities in the United States. We show that historically redlined neighbourhoods remain the most undersampled urban areas for bird biodiversity today, potentially impacting conservation priorities and propagating urban environmental inequities. The disparity in sampling across redlined neighbourhood grades increased by 35.6% over the past 20 years. We identify specific urban areas in need of increased bird biodiversity sampling and discuss possible strategies for reducing uncertainty and increasing equity of sampling of biodiversity in urban areas. Our findings highlight how human behaviour and past social, economic and political conditions not just segregate our built environment but may also leave a lasting mark on the digital information we have about urban biodiversity. In this study of bird biodiversity data from across 195 US cities, Ellis-Soto et al. show that historical redlining is associated with increasing inequality in sampling. Historically redlined neighbourhoods remain the most undersampled areas.","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"7 11","pages":"1869-1877"},"PeriodicalIF":29.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10553310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Moral foundations elicit shared and dissociable cortical activation modulated by political ideology 道德基础会引起受政治意识形态调节的共同的和可分离的大脑皮层激活。

IF 29.9 1区心理学

Nature Human Behaviour Pub Date : 2023-09-07 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-023-01693-8

Frederic R. Hopp, Ori Amir, Jacob T. Fisher, Scott Grafton, Walter Sinnott-Armstrong, René Weber

{"title":"Moral foundations elicit shared and dissociable cortical activation modulated by political ideology","authors":"Frederic R. Hopp, Ori Amir, Jacob T. Fisher, Scott Grafton, Walter Sinnott-Armstrong, René Weber","doi":"10.1038/s41562-023-01693-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41562-023-01693-8","url":null,"abstract":"Moral foundations theory (MFT) holds that moral judgements are driven by modular and ideologically variable moral foundations but where and how these foundations are represented in the brain and shaped by political beliefs remains an open question. Using a moral vignette judgement task (n = 64), we probed the neural (dis)unity of moral foundations. Univariate analyses revealed that moral judgement of moral foundations, versus conventional norms, reliably recruits core areas implicated in theory of mind. Yet, multivariate pattern analysis demonstrated that each moral foundation elicits dissociable neural representations distributed throughout the cortex. As predicted by MFT, individuals’ liberal or conservative orientation modulated neural responses to moral foundations. Our results confirm that each moral foundation recruits domain-general mechanisms of social cognition but also has a dissociable neural signature malleable by sociomoral experience. We discuss these findings in view of unified versus dissociable accounts of morality and their neurological support for MFT. Hopp et al. probe the neural (dis)unity of moral foundations theory and report that each moral foundation recruits domain-general mechanisms of social cognition but also has a dissociable neural signature malleable by sociomoral experience.","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"7 12","pages":"2182-2198"},"PeriodicalIF":29.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10535219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Scaffolding cooperation in human groups with deep reinforcement learning 通过深度强化学习在人类群体中建立合作。

IF 29.9 1区心理学

Nature Human Behaviour Pub Date : 2023-09-07 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-023-01686-7

Kevin R. McKee, Andrea Tacchetti, Michiel A. Bakker, Jan Balaguer, Lucy Campbell-Gillingham, Richard Everett, Matthew Botvinick

{"title":"Scaffolding cooperation in human groups with deep reinforcement learning","authors":"Kevin R. McKee, Andrea Tacchetti, Michiel A. Bakker, Jan Balaguer, Lucy Campbell-Gillingham, Richard Everett, Matthew Botvinick","doi":"10.1038/s41562-023-01686-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41562-023-01686-7","url":null,"abstract":"Effective approaches to encouraging group cooperation are still an open challenge. Here we apply recent advances in deep learning to structure networks of human participants playing a group cooperation game. We leverage deep reinforcement learning and simulation methods to train a ‘social planner’ capable of making recommendations to create or break connections between group members. The strategy that it develops succeeds at encouraging pro-sociality in networks of human participants (N = 208 participants in 13 groups) playing for real monetary stakes. Under the social planner, groups finished the game with an average cooperation rate of 77.7%, compared with 42.8% in static networks (N = 176 in 11 groups). In contrast to prior strategies that separate defectors from cooperators (tested here with N = 384 in 24 groups), the social planner learns to take a conciliatory approach to defectors, encouraging them to act pro-socially by moving them to small highly cooperative neighbourhoods. McKee et al. show that deep reinforcement learning can be used to learn a new and effective strategy for encouraging mutually beneficial cooperation in a network game.","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"7 10","pages":"1787-1796"},"PeriodicalIF":29.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10593606/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10553309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0