Nature Human Behaviour最新文献

{"title":"Government policy documents across 185 countries largely cite Global North sources.","authors":"Sebastian Ramirez-Ruiz, Roman Senninger","doi":"10.1038/s41562-026-02464-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-026-02464-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Evidence is widely acknowledged as essential for crafting effective public policies. Despite its critical role, we know surprisingly little about the specific sources that inform decisions around the world. This paper explores the sources of evidence in the policymaking arena by analysing evidence cited in over 1.2 million policy documents from 185 countries. Our analyses capture references to 3.5 million scholarly works and 740,000 policy sources, including contributions from government agencies, academic researchers, international organizations and think tanks. We map global patterns in citation practices, highlighting regional and policy domain variation, focusing on the documented, accessible and digitally visible evidence available to policymakers. Our findings reveal a pronounced concentration of attention: the vast majority of foreign evidence cited-both academic and policy-is produced in the Global North, even in documents authored by governments in the Global South. These patterns persist across policy areas, though with notable variation in the types of source commonly used. Overall, the findings reveal a highly concentrated evidence landscape, where a small number of countries disproportionately serve as global reference points, underscoring persistent asymmetries in visibility, access and influence within the international policy knowledge ecosystem.</p>","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147840740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Population-based RCT of a digital cognitive-behavioural guided self-help intervention for anxiety, depression and eating disorders in college students.","authors":"Michelle G Newman, Ellen E Fitzsimmons-Craft, Seung Yeon Baik, Nur Hani Zainal, Adam Calderon, Gavin N Rackoff, Marie-Laure Firebaugh, Elsa Rojas-Ashe, Yan Leykin, Daphne Lew, Daniel Eisenberg, C Barr Taylor, Denise E Wilfley","doi":"10.1038/s41562-026-02454-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-026-02454-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Scalable approaches such as digital cognitive-behavioural therapy guided self-help (D-CBTgsh) may help close the treatment gap for college students with mental disorders. In a randomized clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04162847) across 26 US colleges, populations were offered a mental health screen (39,194 assessed). Students with clinical levels or high risk for anxiety, depression and/or eating disorders (N = 6,205) were randomized to screening+D-CBTgsh or screening+referral-to-college-provided-care groups. Screening+D-CBTgsh reduced prevalence of any mental disorder (primary outcome) at 6 weeks (odds ratio (OR) = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.70-0.91), 6 months (OR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.68-0.88) and 2 years (OR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.72-0.93). Services uptake was greater in screening+D-CBTgsh (74.4%) versus screening+referral (30.2%) at 6 months (OR = 6.72, 95% CI = 6.01-7.52) and 2 years (OR = 1.83, 95% CI = 1.64-2.04), including for minoritized groups. Screening+D-CBTgsh (versus screening+referral to college-provided care) also improved dimensional outcomes of generalized anxiety, social anxiety, depression, eating disorder symptoms and mental health functioning. Findings supported transdiagnostic prevention and intervention benefits of screening+D-CBTgsh and its viability as a scalable, population-based approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147840658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An individual participant data meta-analysis of how physical activity relates to affective well-being in daily life.","authors":"Johanna Rehder, Irina Timm, Gesa Berretz, Iris Reinhard, Andreas B Neubauer, Onur Güntürkün, Keisuke Takano, Walter Bierbauer, Miriam Cabrita, Matthew Bourke, Joshua Smyth, Jinhyuk Kim, Johannes Michalak, Joshua Curtiss, Björn Pannicke, Jacob B Gallagher, Ana M Abrantes, Toru Nakamura, Yoshiharu Yamamoto, Paul Cook, Lena M Wieland, Birte von Haaren-Mack, Bryan McCormick, Justin Hachenberger, Tomas Vetrovsky, Benajmin Henwood, Louise Poppe, Gorden Sudeck, Laura Hollands, Andrea B Goldschmidt, Lynn Martire, Martina Kanning, Jaclyn P Maher, Yu-Mei Li, Ulrich Reininghaus, Corina Berli, Caroline Seiferth, Derek J Hevel, Kate Leger, Amanda E Staiano, Almut Zeeck, Stefano Calza, Yue Liao, Geralyn R Ruissen, Andreas R Schwerdtfeger, Matthias Haucke, Loree T Pham, Siwei Liu, Mark C Thomas, Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg, Genevieve F Dunton, Steriani Elavsky, Ulrich W Ebner-Priemer, Marco Giurgiu, Julian Packheiser, Markus Reichert","doi":"10.1038/s41562-026-02427-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-026-02427-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Physical inactivity constitutes a pressing societal problem. To realize physical activity's (PA) potential as a key health resource, mechanisms of PA engagement need to be understood. Laboratory and interventional studies documented that exercise relates to affective well-being (AWB) and suggested that AWB may shape PA behaviour. Digitalization enabled the investigation of how PA relates to AWB in everyday life, but findings from individual studies are ambiguous. Here we compiled 67 datasets (55.2% of eligible records) including 321,345 smartphone-based AWB ratings and nearly 1,000,000 h of accelerometer-measured PA (N = 8,223 participants) until December 2023 to clarify the nature and extent of PA-AWB associations. One- and two-stage individual participant data meta-analyses reveal that momentary AWB is associated with both prior (within, r = 0.05, 99.2% confidence intervals (CI) 0.03 to 0.06; between, r = 0.08, 99.2% CI 0.04 to 0.12) and subsequent (within, r = 0.04, 99.2% CI 0.03 to 0.05; between, r = 0.08, 99.2% CI 0.04 to 0.13) short-term PA in everyday life. Within persons, PA displays a positive association with energetic arousal, positive affective states and valence, yet a negative relation to calmness. The practical effect sizes are comparable to other daily life activities, with energetic arousal evincing the strongest relation to PA. Considerable heterogeneity in associations across individuals can be partially explained by sociodemographic moderators. Between participants, PA relates to positive affective states. The results document the critical relevance of PA-AWB relations in everyday life. They can contribute to the revision and development of health behaviour models and establish a starting point to approach behavioural, physiological and neuronal mechanisms underlying PA-AWB associations.</p>","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147840701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Domain generality is an emergent, not inherent, property of metacognition.","authors":"Carolyn Baer, Simona Ghetti, Darko Odic","doi":"10.1038/s41562-026-02443-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-026-02443-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We experience some level of confidence in all decisions we make, yet our understanding of how confidence is generated remains elusive. Here we examine three potential aspects of metacognitive confidence judgements that could be similar across the distinct domains of memory and perception in adults (n = 236) and children (aged four to seven years, n = 263; 122 girls and 141 boys) from Vancouver, Canada. Using episodic memory and perceptual tasks, we reveal that while confidence bias correlates across domains at all ages, confidence sensitivity and efficiency are both distinct. Crucially, children aged six and older can flexibly contrast confidence states across memory and perceptual decisions, indicating a shared internal metric of confidence. In contrast, four-to-five-year-old children struggle with cross-domain comparisons, highlighting a developmental transition in metacognitive processing. Overall, our findings highlight the distinct yet commensurable nature of memory and perceptual confidence, with domain-general processes emerging by age six.</p>","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147840652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human curriculum learning of a cue combination task.","authors":"Qingtian Mi, Christopher Summerfield","doi":"10.1038/s41562-026-02452-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-026-02452-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Humans often learn better when problems are broken down into parts, but this phenomenon has eluded explanation at the computational level. Here we study how differing training curricula help or hinder learning in a classic probabilistic cue combination task. Training curricula that 'divide and conquer' by presenting one cue at a time facilitate later performance on test trials involving multiple cues. This effect is captured by a hybrid learning framework that arbitrates between two different learning strategies: a marginal updating process, which assigns credit to each cue independent of every other, and a joint updating process, which distributes credit across cues on the basis of their joint presence. We use this theory to generate new 'skewed distribution' multi-cue curricula that should and should not successfully promote human learning. It makes accurate predictions, demonstrating that we can use computational insights of learning to accelerate human probabilistic learning.</p>","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147840737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ancient DNA evidence for the history of the Albanians.","authors":"Leonidas-Romanos Davranoglou, Alban Lauka, Aris Aristodemou, Zoltán Maróti, Gjergj Bojaxhi, Ardian Muhaj, Ilia Mikerezi, David Wesolowski, Brian D Joseph, Alexandros Heraclides","doi":"10.1038/s41562-026-02462-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-026-02462-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The history of the Albanian people has long been debated, as they first appear in historical records in the eleventh century CE and their language is not closely related to any surviving Indo-European branches. Here, to reconstruct their history, we analysed over 6,000 ancient West Eurasian genomes and 74 newly sequenced present-day ethnic Albanians. Using a range of population genetics methods, including an enhanced protocol to detect identity-by-descent segments between ancient and present-day individuals, we detect continuity of West Balkan Late Bronze and Iron Age ancestry in Early Medieval Albania, to a greater degree than in neighbouring Balkan regions. We find that present-day Albanians predominantly descend from this remnant palaeo-Balkan group, which by at least 800-900 CE already exhibited a genetic profile suggesting that they are ancestral to many modern Albanians. In addition, we observe geographically structured admixture with Medieval East European-related groups, averaging 10-20% across present-day Albanians. Our findings provide insight into the demographic processes shaping Albanian ancestry and help locate the origin area of the Albanian language.</p>","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147840664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Young children build consensus in networks with local information.","authors":"Isabelle Brocas, Juan D Carrillo, Ulysses Rios","doi":"10.1038/s41562-026-02449-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41562-026-02449-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>How is consensus reached in groups with limited access to information? Here we run a controlled laboratory experiment with very young children (ages 5-8 years, N = 150) in the USA to identify the attributes that support consensus building. Success is facilitated by two factors. The first is the endogenous adoption of heterogeneous roles: a leader who proposes a solution, a group of debaters who consider the alternatives, and a closer who locks the decision. The second is flexibility in the decision rule, with participants following the wisdom of the crowd with high probability, but not with certainty. These two characteristics allow young children to outperform simple computational algorithms, especially in the more complex conditions with limited observability of the network: children converged 74% of the time, compared with 35% for the algorithm (χ²(1) = 59.83, P < 0.001, 95% confidence interval for the difference in proportions 0.30-0.47). The study also reveals a sharp progression with age (β = 1.49, P < 0.001, 95% confidence interval 0.62-2.36) corresponding to a 4.45-fold increase in the odds of convergence for each one-unit increase in grade. This work contributes to our understanding of how children navigate collective problems in complex social environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147840687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The emerging disenchantment with retrospective meta-analysis.","authors":"James E Kennedy, Richard Wiseman, Caroline Watt","doi":"10.1038/s41562-026-02463-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-026-02463-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147818001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How to design effective scientific figures.","authors":"Ryosuke Fujii","doi":"10.1038/s41562-026-02466-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-026-02466-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147817950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Causal evidence of task-switching costs in organ transplantation.","authors":"Jiayi Liu, Yiwen Jin, Joel T Adler","doi":"10.1038/s41562-026-02459-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41562-026-02459-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Experimental psychology has long shown that task switching imposes cognitive demands and increases error rates, yet its impact in high-stakes real-world settings remains unclear. Here we provide causal evidence of switching costs in the context of organ transplantation. Leveraging quasi-random organ arrivals as a natural experiment, we analyse national registry data on 316,742 US transplants from 2007 to 2019. We find that, when surgeons switch organ types (for example, from liver to kidney) across consecutive surgeries, patients' 1-year post-transplant mortality increases by 0.66 percentage points (95% confidence interval 0.39-0.94; P < 0.001), a 14.8% increase relative to baseline. These risks can potentially be mitigated through structured scheduling, longer intervals between procedures, and greater surgeon experience. Our findings identify task switching as a modifiable risk factor in expert performance and offer potential strategies to improve outcomes in high-stakes environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147817987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}