Nature Human Behaviour最新文献_第2页

Pain-preferential thalamocortical neural dynamics across species 疼痛优先的丘脑皮质神经动力学跨物种。

IF 29.9 1区心理学

Nature Human Behaviour Pub Date : 2023-10-09 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-023-01714-6

Yiheng Tu, Zhenjiang Li, Libo Zhang, Huijuan Zhang, Yanzhi Bi, Lupeng Yue, Li Hu

{"title":"Pain-preferential thalamocortical neural dynamics across species","authors":"Yiheng Tu, Zhenjiang Li, Libo Zhang, Huijuan Zhang, Yanzhi Bi, Lupeng Yue, Li Hu","doi":"10.1038/s41562-023-01714-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41562-023-01714-6","url":null,"abstract":"Searching for pain-preferential neural activity is essential for understanding and managing pain. Here, we investigated the preferential role of thalamocortical neural dynamics in encoding pain using human neuroimaging and rat electrophysiology across three studies. In study 1, we found that painful stimuli preferentially activated the medial-dorsal (MD) thalamic nucleus and its functional connectivity with the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and insula in two human functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) datasets (n = 399 and n = 25). In study 2, human fMRI and electroencephalography fusion analyses (n = 220) revealed that pain-preferential MD responses were identified 89–295 ms after painful stimuli. In study 3, rat electrophysiology further showed that painful stimuli preferentially activated MD neurons and MD–ACC connectivity. These converging cross-species findings provided evidence for pain-preferential thalamocortical neural dynamics, which could guide future pain evaluation and management strategies. Tu et al. show that the medial-dorsal thalamic nucleus and its connectivity with the anterior cingulate cortex preferentially encode pain in humans and rats.","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"8 1","pages":"149-163"},"PeriodicalIF":29.9,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41183221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A new research agenda for African generative AI 非洲生成人工智能的新研究议程。

IF 29.9 1区心理学

Nature Human Behaviour Pub Date : 2023-10-06 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-023-01735-1

Rachel Adams, Ayantola Alayande, Zameer Brey, Brantley Browning, Michael Gastrow, Jerry John Kponyo, Dona Mathew, Moremi Nkosi, Henry Nunoo-Mensah, Diana Nyakundi, Victor Odumuyiwa, Olubunmi Okunowo, Philipp Olbrich, Nawal Omar, Kemi Omotubora, Paul Plantinga, Gabriella Razzano, Zara Schroeder, Andrew Selasi Agbemenu, Araba Sey, Kristophina Shilongo, Shreya Shirude, Matthew Smith, Eric Tutu Tchao, Davy K. Uwizera

引用次数: 0

Hippocampal neurons code individual episodic memories in humans 海马神经元编码人类个体的情景记忆。

IF 29.9 1区心理学

Nature Human Behaviour Pub Date : 2023-10-05 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-023-01706-6

Luca D. Kolibius, Frederic Roux, George Parish, Marije Ter Wal, Mircea Van Der Plas, Ramesh Chelvarajah, Vijay Sawlani, David T. Rollings, Johannes D. Lang, Stephanie Gollwitzer, Katrin Walther, Rüdiger Hopfengärtner, Gernot Kreiselmeyer, Hajo Hamer, Bernhard P. Staresina, Maria Wimber, Howard Bowman, Simon Hanslmayr

{"title":"Hippocampal neurons code individual episodic memories in humans","authors":"Luca D. Kolibius, Frederic Roux, George Parish, Marije Ter Wal, Mircea Van Der Plas, Ramesh Chelvarajah, Vijay Sawlani, David T. Rollings, Johannes D. Lang, Stephanie Gollwitzer, Katrin Walther, Rüdiger Hopfengärtner, Gernot Kreiselmeyer, Hajo Hamer, Bernhard P. Staresina, Maria Wimber, Howard Bowman, Simon Hanslmayr","doi":"10.1038/s41562-023-01706-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41562-023-01706-6","url":null,"abstract":"The hippocampus is an essential hub for episodic memory processing. However, how human hippocampal single neurons code multi-element associations remains unknown. In particular, it is debated whether each hippocampal neuron represents an invariant element within an episode or whether single neurons bind together all the elements of a discrete episodic memory. Here we provide evidence for the latter hypothesis. Using single-neuron recordings from a total of 30 participants, we show that individual neurons, which we term episode-specific neurons, code discrete episodic memories using either a rate code or a temporal firing code. These neurons were observed exclusively in the hippocampus. Importantly, these episode-specific neurons do not reflect the coding of a particular element in the episode (that is, concept or time). Instead, they code for the conjunction of the different elements that make up the episode. Kolibius et al. show that individual neurons in the human hippocampus code for particular episodic memories.","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"7 11","pages":"1968-1979"},"PeriodicalIF":29.9,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10663153/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41131394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

No phenotypic or genotypic evidence for a link between sleep duration and brain atrophy 没有表型或基因型证据表明睡眠时间与脑萎缩之间存在联系。

IF 29.9 1区心理学

Nature Human Behaviour Pub Date : 2023-10-05 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-023-01707-5

Anders M. Fjell, Øystein Sørensen, Yunpeng Wang, Inge K. Amlien, William F. C. Baaré, David Bartrés-Faz, Lars Bertram, Carl-Johan Boraxbekk, Andreas M. Brandmaier, Ilja Demuth, Christian A. Drevon, Klaus P. Ebmeier, Paolo Ghisletta, Rogier Kievit, Simone Kühn, Kathrine Skak Madsen, Athanasia M. Mowinckel, Lars Nyberg, Claire E. Sexton, Cristina Solé-Padullés, Didac Vidal-Piñeiro, Gerd Wagner, Leiv Otto Watne, Kristine B. Walhovd

{"title":"No phenotypic or genotypic evidence for a link between sleep duration and brain atrophy","authors":"Anders M. Fjell, Øystein Sørensen, Yunpeng Wang, Inge K. Amlien, William F. C. Baaré, David Bartrés-Faz, Lars Bertram, Carl-Johan Boraxbekk, Andreas M. Brandmaier, Ilja Demuth, Christian A. Drevon, Klaus P. Ebmeier, Paolo Ghisletta, Rogier Kievit, Simone Kühn, Kathrine Skak Madsen, Athanasia M. Mowinckel, Lars Nyberg, Claire E. Sexton, Cristina Solé-Padullés, Didac Vidal-Piñeiro, Gerd Wagner, Leiv Otto Watne, Kristine B. Walhovd","doi":"10.1038/s41562-023-01707-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41562-023-01707-5","url":null,"abstract":"Short sleep is held to cause poorer brain health, but is short sleep associated with higher rates of brain structural decline? Analysing 8,153 longitudinal MRIs from 3,893 healthy adults, we found no evidence for an association between sleep duration and brain atrophy. In contrast, cross-sectional analyses (51,295 observations) showed inverse U-shaped relationships, where a duration of 6.5 (95% confidence interval, (5.7, 7.3)) hours was associated with the thickest cortex and largest volumes relative to intracranial volume. This fits converging evidence from research on mortality, health and cognition that points to roughly seven hours being associated with good health. Genome-wide association analyses suggested that genes associated with longer sleep for below-average sleepers were linked to shorter sleep for above-average sleepers. Mendelian randomization did not yield evidence for causal impacts of sleep on brain structure. The combined results challenge the notion that habitual short sleep causes brain atrophy, suggesting that normal brains promote adequate sleep duration—which is shorter than current recommendations. Fjell et al. analysed multiple large-scale longitudinal MRI datasets and found no evidence for an association of sleep duration and brain atrophy, suggesting that normal brains promote adequate sleep.","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"7 11","pages":"2008-2022"},"PeriodicalIF":29.9,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10663160/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41133057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Distinct neuronal representation of small and large numbers in the human medial temporal lobe 人类内侧颞叶中大量和少量神经元的不同表现。

IF 29.9 1区心理学

Nature Human Behaviour Pub Date : 2023-10-02 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-023-01709-3

Esther F. Kutter, Gert Dehnen, Valeri Borger, Rainer Surges, Florian Mormann, Andreas Nieder

{"title":"Distinct neuronal representation of small and large numbers in the human medial temporal lobe","authors":"Esther F. Kutter, Gert Dehnen, Valeri Borger, Rainer Surges, Florian Mormann, Andreas Nieder","doi":"10.1038/s41562-023-01709-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41562-023-01709-3","url":null,"abstract":"Whether small numerical quantities are represented by a special subitizing system that is distinct from a large-number estimation system has been debated for over a century. Here we show that two separate neural mechanisms underlie the representation of small and large numbers. We performed single neuron recordings in the medial temporal lobe of neurosurgical patients judging numbers. We found a boundary in neuronal coding around number 4 that correlates with the behavioural transition from subitizing to estimation. In the subitizing range, neurons showed superior tuning selectivity accompanied by suppression effects suggestive of surround inhibition as a selectivity-increasing mechanism. In contrast, tuning selectivity decreased with increasing numbers beyond 4, characterizing a ratio-dependent number estimation system. The two systems with the coding boundary separating them were also indicated using decoding and clustering analyses. The identified small-number subitizing system could be linked to attention and working memory that show comparable capacity limitations. Kutter et al. show that neurons in the human brain encode small numbers (up to 4) more precisely than large numbers, indicating a distinction between a small-number subitizing system and a large-number estimation system.","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"7 11","pages":"1998-2007"},"PeriodicalIF":29.9,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41137924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The positive–negative–competence (PNC) model of psychological responses to representations of robots 机器人表征心理反应的正-负能力（PNC）模型。

IF 29.9 1区心理学

Nature Human Behaviour Pub Date : 2023-10-02 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-023-01705-7

Dario Krpan, Jonathan E. Booth, Andreea Damien

{"title":"The positive–negative–competence (PNC) model of psychological responses to representations of robots","authors":"Dario Krpan, Jonathan E. Booth, Andreea Damien","doi":"10.1038/s41562-023-01705-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41562-023-01705-7","url":null,"abstract":"Robots are becoming an increasingly prominent part of society. Despite their growing importance, there exists no overarching model that synthesizes people’s psychological reactions to robots and identifies what factors shape them. To address this, we created a taxonomy of affective, cognitive and behavioural processes in response to a comprehensive stimulus sample depicting robots from 28 domains of human activity (for example, education, hospitality and industry) and examined its individual difference predictors. Across seven studies that tested 9,274 UK and US participants recruited via online panels, we used a data-driven approach combining qualitative and quantitative techniques to develop the positive–negative–competence model, which categorizes all psychological processes in response to the stimulus sample into three dimensions: positive, negative and competence-related. We also established the main individual difference predictors of these dimensions and examined the mechanisms for each predictor. Overall, this research provides an in-depth understanding of psychological functioning regarding representations of robots. The authors find that psychological responses towards representations of robots fall into three dimensions: positive, negative and competence. They also examine their individual difference predictors.","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"7 11","pages":"1933-1954"},"PeriodicalIF":29.9,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10663151/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41131395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

State-led homophobia threatens African academic freedom 国家主导的恐同症威胁着非洲的学术自由。

IF 29.9 1区心理学

Nature Human Behaviour Pub Date : 2023-09-28 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-023-01727-1

Stella Nyanzi

引用次数: 0

Vaccine mandates and public trust do not have to be antagonistic 疫苗授权和公众信任不一定是对立的。

IF 29.9 1区心理学

Nature Human Behaviour Pub Date : 2023-09-26 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-023-01720-8

Maya J. Goldenberg, Bipin Adhikari, Lorenz von Seidlein, Phaik Yeong Cheah, Heidi J. Larson

引用次数: 0

From alternative conceptions of honesty to alternative facts in communications by US politicians 从诚实的另类概念到美国政客沟通中的另类事实。

IF 29.9 1区心理学

Nature Human Behaviour Pub Date : 2023-09-25 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-023-01691-w

Jana Lasser, Segun T. Aroyehun, Fabio Carrella, Almog Simchon, David Garcia, Stephan Lewandowsky

{"title":"From alternative conceptions of honesty to alternative facts in communications by US politicians","authors":"Jana Lasser, Segun T. Aroyehun, Fabio Carrella, Almog Simchon, David Garcia, Stephan Lewandowsky","doi":"10.1038/s41562-023-01691-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41562-023-01691-w","url":null,"abstract":"The spread of online misinformation on social media is increasingly perceived as a problem for societal cohesion and democracy. The role of political leaders in this process has attracted less research attention, even though politicians who ‘speak their mind’ are perceived by segments of the public as authentic and honest even if their statements are unsupported by evidence. By analysing communications by members of the US Congress on Twitter between 2011 and 2022, we show that politicians’ conception of honesty has undergone a distinct shift, with authentic belief speaking that may be decoupled from evidence becoming more prominent and more differentiated from explicitly evidence-based fact speaking. We show that for Republicans—but not Democrats—an increase in belief speaking of 10% is associated with a decrease of 12.8 points of quality (NewsGuard scoring system) in the sources shared in a tweet. In contrast, an increase in fact-speaking language is associated with an increase in quality of sources for both parties. Our study is observational and cannot support causal inferences. However, our results are consistent with the hypothesis that the current dissemination of misinformation in political discourse is linked to an alternative understanding of truth and honesty that emphasizes invocation of subjective belief at the expense of reliance on evidence. By examining patterns in public-facing communications of US politicians, the authors identify two honesty-related concepts: belief speaking and fact speaking. They find that for Republicans, but not Democrats, an increase of belief speaking is associated with a decrease in the quality of the shared content sources.","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"7 12","pages":"2140-2151"},"PeriodicalIF":29.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10730411/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41142704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Could a shift in society’s conception of ‘honesty’ explain the spread of misinformation in the USA? 社会对“诚实”概念的转变能解释美国错误信息的传播吗？

IF 29.9 1区心理学

Nature Human Behaviour Pub Date : 2023-09-25 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-023-01692-9

引用次数: 0