Nature Human Behaviour最新文献

{"title":"Limited diffusion of scientific knowledge forecasts collapse","authors":"Donghyun Kang, Robert S. Danziger, Jalees Rehman, James A. Evans","doi":"10.1038/s41562-024-02041-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-024-02041-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Market bubbles emerge when asset prices are driven unsustainably higher than asset values, and shifts in belief burst them. We demonstrate an analogous phenomenon in the case of biomedical knowledge, when promising research receives inflated attention. We introduce a diffusion index that quantifies whether research areas have been amplified within social and scientific bubbles, or have diffused and become evaluated more broadly. We illustrate the utility of our diffusion approach in tracking the trajectories of cardiac stem cell research (a bubble that collapsed) and cancer immunotherapy (which showed sustained growth). We then trace the diffusion of 28,504 subfields in biomedicine comprising nearly 1.9 M papers and more than 80 M citations to demonstrate that limited diffusion of biomedical knowledge anticipates abrupt decreases in popularity. Our analysis emphasizes that restricted diffusion, implying a socio-epistemic bubble, leads to dramatic collapses in relevance and attention accorded to scientific knowledge.</p>","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142758443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social and genetic diversity in first farmers of central Europe","authors":"Pere Gelabert, Penny Bickle, Daniela Hofmann, Maria Teschler-Nicola, Alexandra Anders, Xin Huang, Michelle Hämmerle, Iñigo Olalde, Romain Fournier, Harald Ringbauer, Ali Akbari, Olivia Cheronet, Iosif Lazaridis, Nasreen Broomandkhoshbacht, Daniel M. Fernandes, Katharina Buttinger, Kim Callan, Francesca Candilio, Guillermo Bravo Morante, Elizabeth Curtis, Matthew Ferry, Denise Keating, Suzanne Freilich, Aisling Kearns, Éadaoin Harney, Ann Marie Lawson, Kirsten Mandl, Megan Michel, Victoria Oberreiter, Brina Zagorc, Jonas Oppenheimer, Susanna Sawyer, Constanze Schattke, Kadir Toykan Özdoğan, Lijun Qiu, J. Noah Workman, Fatma Zalzala, Swapan Mallick, Matthew Mah, Adam Micco, Franz Pieler, Juraj Pavuk, Alena Šefčáková, Catalin Lazar, Andrej Starović, Marija Djuric, Maja Krznarić Škrivanko, Mario Šlaus, Željka Bedić, Friederike Novotny, László D. Szabó, Orsolya Cserpák-Laczi, Tamara Hága, László Szolnoki, Zsigmond Hajdú, Pavel Mirea, Emese Gyöngyvér Nagy, Zsuzsanna M. Virág, Attila Horváth M., László András Horváth, Katalin T. Biró, László Domboróczki, Tamás Szeniczey, János Jakucs, Márta Szelekovszky, Farkas Zoltán, Sándor József Sztáncsuj, Krisztián Tóth, Piroska Csengeri, Ildikó Pap, Róbert Patay, Anđelka Putica, Branislav Vasov, Bálint Havasi, Katalin Sebők, Pál Raczky, Gabriella Lovász, Zdeněk Tvrdý, Nadin Rohland, Mario Novak, Matej Ruttkay, Maria Krošláková, Jozef Bátora, Tibor Paluch, Dušan Borić, János Dani, Martin Kuhlwilm, Pier Francesco Palamara, Tamás Hajdu, Ron Pinhasi, David Reich","doi":"10.1038/s41562-024-02034-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-024-02034-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Linearbandkeramik (LBK) Neolithic communities were the first to spread farming across large parts of Europe. We report genome-wide data for 250 individuals: 178 individuals from whole-cemetery surveys of the Alföld Linearbankeramik Culture eastern LBK site of Polgár-Ferenci-hát, the western LBK site of Nitra Horné Krškany and the western LBK settlement and massacre site of Asparn-Schletz, as well as 48 LBK individuals from 16 other sites and 24 earlier Körös and Starčevo individuals from 17 more sites. Here we show a systematically higher percentage of western hunter-gatherer ancestry in eastern than in western LBK sites, showing that these two distinct LBK groups had different genetic trajectories. We find evidence for patrilocality, with more structure across sites in the male than in the female lines and a higher rate of within-site relatives for males. At Asparn-Schletz we find almost no relatives, showing that the massacred individuals were from a large population, not a small community.</p>","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"258 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142742609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Large language models surpass human experts in predicting neuroscience results","authors":"Xiaoliang Luo, Akilles Rechardt, Guangzhi Sun, Kevin K. Nejad, Felipe Yáñez, Bati Yilmaz, Kangjoo Lee, Alexandra O. Cohen, Valentina Borghesani, Anton Pashkov, Daniele Marinazzo, Jonathan Nicholas, Alessandro Salatiello, Ilia Sucholutsky, Pasquale Minervini, Sepehr Razavi, Roberta Rocca, Elkhan Yusifov, Tereza Okalova, Nianlong Gu, Martin Ferianc, Mikail Khona, Kaustubh R. Patil, Pui-Shee Lee, Rui Mata, Nicholas E. Myers, Jennifer K. Bizley, Sebastian Musslick, Isil Poyraz Bilgin, Guiomar Niso, Justin M. Ales, Michael Gaebler, N. Apurva Ratan Murty, Leyla Loued-Khenissi, Anna Behler, Chloe M. Hall, Jessica Dafflon, Sherry Dongqi Bao, Bradley C. Love","doi":"10.1038/s41562-024-02046-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-024-02046-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Scientific discoveries often hinge on synthesizing decades of research, a task that potentially outstrips human information processing capacities. Large language models (LLMs) offer a solution. LLMs trained on the vast scientific literature could potentially integrate noisy yet interrelated findings to forecast novel results better than human experts. Here, to evaluate this possibility, we created BrainBench, a forward-looking benchmark for predicting neuroscience results. We find that LLMs surpass experts in predicting experimental outcomes. BrainGPT, an LLM we tuned on the neuroscience literature, performed better yet. Like human experts, when LLMs indicated high confidence in their predictions, their responses were more likely to be correct, which presages a future where LLMs assist humans in making discoveries. Our approach is not neuroscience specific and is transferable to other knowledge-intensive endeavours.</p>","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"181 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142718323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the association between the introduction of mandatory calorie labelling and energy consumed using observational data from the out-of-home food sector in England","authors":"Megan Polden, Andrew Jones, Michael Essman, Jean Adams, Tom R. P. Bishop, Thomas Burgoine, Stephen J. Sharp, Martin White, Richard Smith, Aisling Donohue, Rozemarijn Witkam, I. Gusti Ngurah Edi Putra, Jane Brealey, Eric Robinson","doi":"10.1038/s41562-024-02032-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-024-02032-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In April 2022, mandatory kilocalorie (kcal) labelling in the out-of-home food sector was introduced as a policy to reduce obesity in England. Here we examined whether the implementation of this policy was associated with a consumer behaviour change. Large out-of-home food sector outlets subject to kcal labelling legislation were visited pre- and post-implementation, and customer exit surveys were conducted with 6,578 customers from 330 outlets. Kcals purchased and consumed, knowledge of purchased kcals and reported noticing and use of kcal labelling were examined. The results suggested that the introduction of the mandatory kcal labelling policy in England was not associated with a significant decrease in self-reported kcals purchased (<i>B</i> = 11.31, <i>P</i> = 0.564, 95% confidence interval (CI) −27.15 to 49.77) or consumed (<i>B</i> = 18.51, <i>P</i> = 0.279, 95% CI −15.01 to 38 52.03). Post-implementation, participants underestimated the energy content of their purchased meal less (<i>B</i> = 61.21, <i>P</i> = 0.002, 95% CI 21.57 to 100.86) and were more likely to report noticing (odds ratio 2.25, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001, 95% CI 1.84 to 2.73) and using (odds ratio 2.15, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001, 95% CI 1.62 to 2.85) kcal labelling, which may have wider public health implications.</p>","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"428 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142696616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Child literacy in low- and middle-income countries","authors":"Michelle Kaffenberger","doi":"10.1038/s41562-024-02056-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-024-02056-7","url":null,"abstract":"Despite rising school enrolments, in many places learning achievement has remained very low. Crawford et al. analyse data on half a million pupils from 48 low- and middle-income countries and find that children fall further behind literacy benchmarks with each grade. They suggest that a greater focus on phonics instruction and decoding skills may improve outcomes.","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142696583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"It is time to ensure research access to platform data","authors":"Patti M. Valkenburg, Amber van der Wal, Teun Siebers, Ine Beyens, Laura Boeschoten, Theo Araujo","doi":"10.1038/s41562-024-02066-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-024-02066-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Users of online platforms, such as social media apps, streaming providers and search engines, are often willing to share their data with researchers, which opens vital avenues for academic research. However, this process is challenging, as many platforms fail to comply with privacy acts and data protection authorities do not adequately enforce them. Platforms and authorities must take action to change this or risk obstructing crucial scientific progress.</p><p>Although online platforms offer many benefits (such as access to information, diverse perspectives and social connections), they also pose considerable dangers. The European Commission and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) have identified multiple risks, which include spreading misinformation, monetizing harmful content and creating ‘rabbit holes’. Together, these risks can increase mental health problems, polarization, radicalization and societal fragmentation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142678576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How COVID-19 has changed tourists’ behaviour","authors":"Haiyan Song, Cathy H. C. Hsu, Bing Pan, Yixin Liu","doi":"10.1038/s41562-024-02037-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-024-02037-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>As one of the fastest-growing sectors in many economies, tourism plays a key role in shaping national economic conditions and growth. The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has had profound impacts on tourist behaviour and psychology. Understanding tourists’ behavioural and psychological responses to the pandemic is crucial for tourism businesses to manage and sustain post-COVID-19 tourism recovery. To address whether and how the COVID-19 pandemic influenced tourists’ thoughts and behaviours and the extent to which these changes might persist, we provide a narrative Review of the research on tourist behaviours and the psychological impacts of the pandemic. This Review delves into three themes: tourists’ decision-making behaviour; the psychological impacts of the pandemic on tourists; and tourists’ responses to crisis communication strategies. We argue that crisis communication strategies across sectors, pandemic-induced uncertainties and risks and psychological impacts were the predominant influences on tourists’ travel decisions during the pandemic. We conclude by discussing which changes are likely to be sustained.</p>","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142679053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Web browsing reflects and shapes mood","authors":"Anne-Linda Camerini","doi":"10.1038/s41562-024-02010-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-024-02010-7","url":null,"abstract":"Mental health problems pose a great burden for today’s societies. The internet and social media are blamed for contributing to the burden, but the evidence to date is inconsistent. Kelly and Sharot shed light on the causal relationships while focusing on the affective properties of website content, and show how web browsing reflects and shapes mental health.","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142679136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Web-browsing patterns reflect and shape mood and mental health","authors":"Christopher A. Kelly, Tali Sharot","doi":"10.1038/s41562-024-02065-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-024-02065-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Humans spend on average 6.5 hours a day online. A large portion of that time is dedicated to information-seeking. How does this activity impact mental health? We assess this over four studies (<i>n</i> = 1,145). We reveal that the valence of information sought affects mental health, which in turn influences the valence of information sought, forming a self-reinforcing loop. We quantified the valence of text on webpages participants chose to browse using natural language processing and found that browsing more negative information was associated with worse mental health and mood. By manipulating the webpages browsed and measuring mood and vice versa, we show that the relationship is causal and bidirectional. Finally, we developed an intervention that altered web-browsing patterns in a manner that improved mood. Together, the findings suggest that the information sought reflects mental state and shapes it, creating a loop that may perpetuate mental health problems. The results also provide a potential method for assessing and enhancing welfare in the digital age.</p>","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142678577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The shared genetic architecture and evolution of human language and musical rhythm","authors":"Gökberk Alagöz, Else Eising, Yasmina Mekki, Giacomo Bignardi, Pierre Fontanillas, Michel G. Nivard, Michelle Luciano, Nancy J. Cox, Simon E. Fisher, Reyna L. Gordon","doi":"10.1038/s41562-024-02051-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-024-02051-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study aimed to test theoretical predictions over biological underpinnings of previously documented phenotypic correlations between human language-related and musical rhythm traits. Here, after identifying significant genetic correlations between rhythm, dyslexia and various language-related traits, we adapted multivariate methods to capture genetic signals common to genome-wide association studies of rhythm (<i>N</i> = 606,825) and dyslexia (<i>N</i> = 1,138,870). The results revealed 16 pleiotropic loci (<i>P</i> &lt; 5 × 10⁻⁸) jointly associated with rhythm impairment and dyslexia, and intricate shared genetic and neurobiological architectures. The joint genetic signal was enriched for foetal and adult brain cell-specific regulatory regions, highlighting complex cellular composition in their shared underpinnings. Local genetic correlation with a key white matter tract (the left superior longitudinal fasciculus-I) substantiated hypotheses about auditory–motor connectivity as a genetically influenced, evolutionarily relevant neural endophenotype common to rhythm and language processing. Overall, we provide empirical evidence of multiple aspects of shared biology linking language and musical rhythm, contributing novel insight into the evolutionary relationships between human musicality and linguistic communication traits.</p>","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142679055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}