Nature Human Behaviour最新文献

{"title":"Building machines that learn and think with people","authors":"Katherine M. Collins, Ilia Sucholutsky, Umang Bhatt, Kartik Chandra, Lionel Wong, Mina Lee, Cedegao E. Zhang, Tan Zhi-Xuan, Mark Ho, Vikash Mansinghka, Adrian Weller, Joshua B. Tenenbaum, Thomas L. Griffiths","doi":"10.1038/s41562-024-01991-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41562-024-01991-9","url":null,"abstract":"What do we want from machine intelligence? We envision machines that are not just tools for thought but partners in thought: reasonable, insightful, knowledgeable, reliable and trustworthy systems that think with us. Current artificial intelligence systems satisfy some of these criteria, some of the time. In this Perspective, we show how the science of collaborative cognition can be put to work to engineer systems that really can be called ‘thought partners’, systems built to meet our expectations and complement our limitations. We lay out several modes of collaborative thought in which humans and artificial intelligence thought partners can engage, and we propose desiderata for human-compatible thought partnerships. Drawing on motifs from computational cognitive science, we motivate an alternative scaling path for the design of thought partners and ecosystems around their use through a Bayesian lens, whereby the partners we construct actively build and reason over models of the human and world. In this Perspective, the authors advance a view for the science of collaborative cognition to engineer systems that can be considered thought partners, systems built to meet our expectations and complement our limitations.","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":21.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142486675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metaverse technologies can foster an inclusive society","authors":"Daisuke Sakamoto, Tetsuo Ono","doi":"10.1038/s41562-024-01987-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41562-024-01987-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":21.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142487006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Promises and challenges of generative artificial intelligence for human learning","authors":"Lixiang Yan, Samuel Greiff, Ziwen Teuber, Dragan Gašević","doi":"10.1038/s41562-024-02004-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41562-024-02004-5","url":null,"abstract":"Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) holds the potential to transform the delivery, cultivation and evaluation of human learning. Here the authors examine the integration of GenAI as a tool for human learning, addressing its promises and challenges from a holistic viewpoint that integrates insights from learning sciences, educational technology and human–computer interaction. GenAI promises to enhance learning experiences by scaling personalized support, diversifying learning materials, enabling timely feedback and innovating assessment methods. However, it also presents critical issues such as model imperfections, ethical dilemmas and the disruption of traditional assessments. Thus, cultivating AI literacy and adaptive skills is imperative for facilitating informed engagement with GenAI technologies. Rigorous research across learning contexts is essential to evaluate GenAI’s effect on human cognition, metacognition and creativity. Humanity must learn with and about GenAI, ensuring that it becomes a powerful ally in the pursuit of knowledge and innovation, rather than a crutch that undermines our intellectual abilities. This Perspective describes the roles of generative AI in providing personalized support, diversity and innovative assessment in learning. However, it also raises ethical concerns and highlights issues such as model imperfection, underscoring the need for AI literacy and adaptability.","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":21.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142487043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Embracing the ubiquity of machines","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s41562-024-02049-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41562-024-02049-6","url":null,"abstract":"As digital technologies become ever more pervasive and sophisticated, understanding the nuances of the relationship between humans and machines becomes increasingly important. Spanning a range of disciplines, from computer science and psychology to medicine and education, this issue’s Focus includes a diverse array of voices and perspectives on the many ways in which humans and digital machines interact and communicate with each other, as well as the societal implications and ethical considerations of emerging technologies.","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":21.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-024-02049-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142486672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How developments in natural language processing help us in understanding human behaviour","authors":"Rada Mihalcea, Laura Biester, Ryan L. Boyd, Zhijing Jin, Veronica Perez-Rosas, Steven Wilson, James W. Pennebaker","doi":"10.1038/s41562-024-01938-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41562-024-01938-0","url":null,"abstract":"The ways people use language can reveal clues to their emotions, social behaviours, thinking styles, cultures and the worlds around them. In the past two decades, research at the intersection of social psychology and computer science has been developing tools to analyse natural language from written or spoken text to better understand social processes and behaviour. The goal of this Review is to provide a brief overview of the methods and data currently being used and to discuss the underlying meaning of what language analyses can reveal in comparison with more traditional methodologies such as surveys or hand-scored language samples. Language reveals clues to human emotions, social behaviours, thinking styles and cultures. This Review provides a brief overview of computational methods to analyse natural language from written or spoken text as a new tool to investigate social processes and understand human behaviour.","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":21.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142486676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Honesty oaths for rule-following","authors":"Shaul Shalvi","doi":"10.1038/s41562-024-02018-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-024-02018-z","url":null,"abstract":"Honesty oaths are commonly used to promote ethical behaviour, but their effectiveness is not well understood. A mega-study involving thousands of people shows that taking an oath to be honest can reduce tax evasion in an online economic game.","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":29.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142451796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How to design and conduct a megastudy","authors":"Jan G. Voelkel, James Y. Chu, Michael N. Stagnaro, James N. Druckman, Robb Willer","doi":"10.1038/s41562-024-01998-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-024-01998-2","url":null,"abstract":"Megastudies are experiments that test many treatments simultaneously using the same outcomes, control condition and sample, and are a promising tool that can provide unique insights relative to other research designs. We identify five critical decisions in designing megastudies and suggest potential solutions for each.","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":29.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142451810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A chatbot informed by behavioural science increases vaccination rates more than a simple reminder","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s41562-024-01986-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-024-01986-6","url":null,"abstract":"A behaviourally informed WhatsApp chatbot that encouraged people in Argentina to get the next dose of the COVID-19 vaccine more than tripled vaccination rates, and nearly doubled them compared to a one-way message reminder. The chatbot has several features built in that helped people to find out where, when and how to get the vaccine.","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":29.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142451839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of ex ante honesty oaths in reducing dishonesty depends on content","authors":"Janis H. Zickfeld, Karolina A. Ścigała, Christian T. Elbæk, John Michael, Mathilde H. Tønnesen, Gabriel Levy, Shahar Ayal, Isabel Thielmann, Laila Nockur, Eyal Peer, Valerio Capraro, Rachel Barkan, Simen Bø, Štěpán Bahník, Daniele Nosenzo, Ralph Hertwig, Nina Mazar, Alexa Weiss, Ann-Kathrin Koessler, Ronit Montal-Rosenberg, Sebastian Hafenbrädl, Yngwie Asbjørn Nielsen, Patricia Kanngiesser, Simon Schindler, Philipp Gerlach, Nils Köbis, Nicolas Jacquemet, Marek Vranka, Dan Ariely, Jareef Bin Martuza, Yuval Feldman, Michał Białek, Jan K. Woike, Zoe Rahwan, Alicia Seidl, Eileen Chou, Agne Kajackaite, Simeon Schudy, Ulrich Glogowsky, Anna Z. Czarna, Stefan Pfattheicher, Panagiotis Mitkidis","doi":"10.1038/s41562-024-02009-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-024-02009-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Dishonest behaviours such as tax evasion impose significant societal costs. Ex ante honesty oaths—commitments to honesty before action—have been proposed as interventions to counteract dishonest behaviour, but the heterogeneity in findings across operationalizations calls their effectiveness into question. We tested 21 honesty oaths (including a baseline oath)—proposed, evaluated and selected by 44 expert researchers—and a no-oath condition in a megastudy involving 21,506 UK and US participants from Prolific.com who played an incentivized tax evasion game online. Of the 21 interventions, 10 significantly improved tax compliance by 4.5 to 8.5 percentage points, with the most successful nearly halving tax evasion. Limited evidence for moderators was found. Experts and laypeople failed to predict the most effective interventions, though experts’ predictions were more accurate. In conclusion, honesty oaths were effective in curbing dishonesty, but their effectiveness varied depending on content. These findings can help design impactful interventions to curb dishonesty.</p>","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":29.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142451809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"We need to understand the effect of narratives about generative AI","authors":"Fabrizio Gilardi, Atoosa Kasirzadeh, Abraham Bernstein, Steffen Staab, Anita Gohdes","doi":"10.1038/s41562-024-02026-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-024-02026-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Public concerns about the societal effects of generative artificial intelligence (AI) are shaped by narratives that have the potential to influence research priorities and policy agendas. Understanding the origins and dynamics of these narratives is crucial to effectively address the actual impacts of AI and ensure a constructive discourse about its risks and potential.</p><p>This shift in media coverage points to the need for a closer examination of the underlying discourse. We currently see four main types of narratives around generative AI:</p><ol>\u0000<li>\u0000<span>(1)</span>\u0000<p>The ‘existential risk’ narrative contends that existential risks from artificial superintelligence or artificial general intelligence could stem from the next generations of generative AI-type systems. As generative AI systems become more sophisticated, their capabilities could surpass human control and lead to potentially existentially catastrophic consequences. Strong versions of this narrative raise the concern that artificial superintelligence or artificial general intelligence technologies could lead to human extinction³.</p>\u0000</li>\u0000<li>\u0000<span>(2)</span>\u0000<p>The ‘effective accelerationist’ narrative champions the rapid development of AI. Proponents argue that its potential benefits for solving complex global problems far outweigh the risks, and the existential risks from advanced AI are zero or near zero and so can be dismissed⁴. This narrative is driven by a strong belief in the power of AI progress to bring about substantial positive change.</p>\u0000</li>\u0000<li>\u0000<span>(3)</span>\u0000<p>The ‘real, immediate societal risks’ narrative focuses only on the tangible, immediate societal risks of generative AI. It emphasizes issues such as the creation of deepfake pornography, unjust capability distribution or the growing environmental effects of generative AI, and argues that these present-day concerns are much more pressing and relevant than speculative existential risks. Proponents of this view argue that focusing on distant existential threats distracts us from addressing the real and present dangers of AI⁵.</p>\u0000</li>\u0000<li>\u0000<span>(4)</span>\u0000<p>The ‘balanced risks’ narrative advocates for an approach to AI risk governance that acknowledges both the existential and immediate societal risks posed by AI. It encourages finding meaningful connections between these two classes of risks, and suggests that addressing them in tandem can lead to more comprehensive and effective risk mitigation strategies and policies⁶.</p>\u0000</li>\u0000</ol>","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":29.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142451808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}