Nature Human Behaviour最新文献_第4页

Systematic review and meta-analysis of educational approaches to reduce cognitive biases among students 减少学生认知偏差的教育方法的系统回顾与元分析

IF 29.9 1区心理学

Nature Human Behaviour Pub Date : 2025-08-26 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-025-02253-y

Ghassani Swaryandini, Jessica Graham, Shantell Griffith, Vasco Grilo, Federica Ruzzante, Xingruo Zhang, Siu Kit Yeung, Marta Mangiarulo, Geetanjali Basarkod, Clarence Ng, Philip Parker, Jason Tangen, Alexander Saeri, Emily Grundy, Peter Slattery, Michael Noetel

{"title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis of educational approaches to reduce cognitive biases among students","authors":"Ghassani Swaryandini, Jessica Graham, Shantell Griffith, Vasco Grilo, Federica Ruzzante, Xingruo Zhang, Siu Kit Yeung, Marta Mangiarulo, Geetanjali Basarkod, Clarence Ng, Philip Parker, Jason Tangen, Alexander Saeri, Emily Grundy, Peter Slattery, Michael Noetel","doi":"10.1038/s41562-025-02253-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-025-02253-y","url":null,"abstract":"Resistance to cognitive biases is a crucial element of rationality that influences judgement and decision-making. Here we synthesized the effects of debiasing training in educational settings. Our systematic review found 54 randomized controlled trials consisting of 383 effect sizes and 10,941 participants. Our meta-analysis of educational interventions showed a small, yet significant, improvement in reducing the likelihood of committing biases compared with control conditions (g = 0.26, 95% confidence interval 0.14 to 0.39), 160 effects from 41 studies, P < 0.001). Most studies focused on reducing the likelihood of committing biases (for example, confirmation bias) using cognitive strategies. Some biases seemed difficult to overcome (for example, representativeness heuristic), and questions remain about the depth and transferability of learning beyond classroom settings. All studies had unclear or high risk of bias and there was some risk of publication bias. While evidence suggests that educational interventions can reduce bias on targeted tasks, more research is needed to determine whether these improvements translate to meaningful changes in real-world decision-making and to identify which paedagogical approaches are most effective for reducing the influence of cognitive biases.","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144900192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Distinct audio and visual accumulators co-activate motor preparation for multisensory detection 不同的音频和视觉累加器共同激活多感官检测的运动准备

IF 29.9 1区心理学

Nature Human Behaviour Pub Date : 2025-08-15 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-025-02280-9

John M. Egan, Manuel Gomez-Ramirez, John J. Foxe, Redmond G. O’Connell, Simon P. Kelly

{"title":"Distinct audio and visual accumulators co-activate motor preparation for multisensory detection","authors":"John M. Egan, Manuel Gomez-Ramirez, John J. Foxe, Redmond G. O’Connell, Simon P. Kelly","doi":"10.1038/s41562-025-02280-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-025-02280-9","url":null,"abstract":"Detecting targets in multisensory environments is an elemental brain function, but it is not yet known whether information from different sensory modalities is accumulated by distinct processes, and, if so, whether the processes are subject to separate decision criteria. Here we address this in two experiments (n = 22, n = 21) using a paradigm design that enables neural evidence accumulation to be traced through a centro-parietal positivity and modelled alongside response time distributions. Through analysis of both redundant (respond-to-either-modality) and conjunctive (respond-only-to-both) audio-visual detection data, joint neural–behavioural modelling, and a follow-up onset-asynchrony experiment, we found that auditory and visual evidence is accumulated in distinct processes during multisensory detection, and cumulative evidence in the two modalities sub-additively co-activates a single, thresholded motor process during redundant detection. These findings answer long-standing questions about information integration and accumulation in multisensory conditions.","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144851397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Visitation patterns reveal service access disparities for ageing populations in the USA 访问模式揭示了美国老龄化人口获得服务的差异

IF 29.9 1区心理学

Nature Human Behaviour Pub Date : 2025-08-15 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-025-02285-4

Yilong Han, Peng Liao, Weiyu Li, Qi R. Wang

引用次数: 0

Wilfully ignoring inconvenient information decreases prosociality across diverse cultures 故意忽视不方便的信息会降低多元文化中的亲社会性

IF 29.9 1区心理学

Nature Human Behaviour Pub Date : 2025-08-13 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-025-02287-2

引用次数: 0

Author Correction: A meta-analysis of genetic effects associated with neurodevelopmental disorders and co-occurring conditions 作者更正：遗传效应与神经发育障碍和并发疾病相关的荟萃分析

IF 15.9 1区心理学

Nature Human Behaviour Pub Date : 2025-08-11 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-025-02299-y

Agnieszka Gidziela, Yasmin I. Ahmadzadeh, Giorgia Michelini, Andrea G. Allegrini, Jessica Agnew-Blais, Lok Yan Lau, Megan Duret, Francesca Procopio, Emily Daly, Angelica Ronald, Kaili Rimfeld, Margherita Malanchini

引用次数: 0

How to develop good research questions 如何提出好的研究问题

IF 15.9 1区心理学

Nature Human Behaviour Pub Date : 2025-08-11 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-025-02292-5

Megan A. K. Peters

引用次数: 0

Learning from outcomes shapes reliance on moral rules versus cost–benefit reasoning 从结果中学习形成了对道德规则的依赖，而不是成本效益推理

IF 29.9 1区心理学

Nature Human Behaviour Pub Date : 2025-08-11 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-025-02271-w

Maximilian Maier, Vanessa Cheung, Falk Lieder

{"title":"Learning from outcomes shapes reliance on moral rules versus cost–benefit reasoning","authors":"Maximilian Maier, Vanessa Cheung, Falk Lieder","doi":"10.1038/s41562-025-02271-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-025-02271-w","url":null,"abstract":"Many controversies arise from disagreements between moral rules and ‘utilitarian’ cost–benefit reasoning (CBR). Here we show how moral learning from consequences can produce individual differences in people’s reliance on rules versus CBR. In a new paradigm, participants (total N = 2,328) faced realistic dilemmas between one choice prescribed by a moral rule and one by CBR. The participants observed the consequences of their decision before the next dilemma. Across four experiments, we found adaptive changes in decision-making over 13 choices: participants adjusted their decisions according to which decision strategy (rules or CBR) produced better consequences. Using computational modelling, we showed that many participants learned about decision strategies in general (metacognitive learning) rather than specific actions. Their learning transferred to incentive-compatible donation decisions and moral convictions beyond the experiment. We conclude that metacognitive learning from consequences shapes moral decision-making and that individual differences in morality may be surprisingly malleable to learning from experience.","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144812889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Intersectional impact of cash transfers on AIDS among 12.3 million Brazilian women 现金转移对1230万巴西妇女艾滋病的交叉影响

IF 29.9 1区心理学

Nature Human Behaviour Pub Date : 2025-08-11 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-025-02278-3

Andréa F. Silva, Iracema Lua, Gabriela S. Jesus, Priscila F. P. S. Gestal, Daniella M. Cavalcanti, Carlos A. S. T. Santos, Maria Y. Ichihara, Mauricio L. Barreto, Laio Magno, Luis E. Souza, James Macinko, Inês Dourado, Davide Rasella

{"title":"Intersectional impact of cash transfers on AIDS among 12.3 million Brazilian women","authors":"Andréa F. Silva, Iracema Lua, Gabriela S. Jesus, Priscila F. P. S. Gestal, Daniella M. Cavalcanti, Carlos A. S. T. Santos, Maria Y. Ichihara, Mauricio L. Barreto, Laio Magno, Luis E. Souza, James Macinko, Inês Dourado, Davide Rasella","doi":"10.1038/s41562-025-02278-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-025-02278-3","url":null,"abstract":"Multiple socioeconomic vulnerabilities are associated with an increased burden of human immunodeficiency virus and its progression to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Here, using a quasi-experimental impact evaluation design and a cohort of 12.3 million low-income Brazilian women (daughters and mothers) from 2007 to 2015, we evaluated the impact and intersectional effectiveness of the world’s largest conditional cash transfer, the Programa Bolsa Família (PBF) on AIDS incidence and AIDS-related mortality. Among daughters, PBF was associated with reductions in AIDS incidence (rate ratio (RR) 0.53, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.42–0.66) and AIDS-related mortality (RR 0.45, 95% CI 0.27–0.74). Among mothers, PBF was associated with reductions in AIDS incidence (RR 0.58, 95% CI 0.55–0.61) and AIDS-related mortality (RR 0.57, 95% CI 0.53–0.63). The effects of PBF were stronger among mothers with 1 vulnerability, and even higher with 2 intersecting vulnerabilities, specifically for AIDS incidence among brown/Black and extremely low income (RR 0.47, 95% CI 0.44–0.49). The greatest effect was observed in extremely low-income, brown/Black mothers with higher education (RR 0.44, 95% CI 0.38–0.53). Conditional cash transfer could substantially contribute towards reducing AIDS-related inequalities and achieving the AIDS-related Sustainable Development Goal.","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144812931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Guilt drives prosociality across 20 countries 内疚推动了20个国家的亲社会行为

IF 29.9 1区心理学

Nature Human Behaviour Pub Date : 2025-08-11 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-025-02286-3

Catherine Molho, Ivan Soraperra, Jonathan F. Schulz, Shaul Shalvi

{"title":"Guilt drives prosociality across 20 countries","authors":"Catherine Molho, Ivan Soraperra, Jonathan F. Schulz, Shaul Shalvi","doi":"10.1038/s41562-025-02286-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-025-02286-3","url":null,"abstract":"Impersonal prosociality is considered a cornerstone of thriving civic societies and well-functioning institutions. Previous research has documented cross-societal variation in prosociality using monetary allocation tasks such as dictator games. Here we examined whether different societies may rely on distinct mechanisms—guilt and internalized norms versus shame and external reputation—to promote prosociality. We conducted a preregistered experiment with 7,978 participants across 20 culturally diverse countries. In dictator games, we manipulated guilt by varying information about the consequences of participants’ decisions, and shame by varying observability. We also used individual- and country-level measures of the importance of guilt over shame. We found robust evidence for guilt-driven prosociality and wilful ignorance across countries. Prosociality was higher when individuals received information than when they could avoid it. Furthermore, more guilt-prone individuals (but not countries) were more responsive to information. In contrast, observability by strangers had negligible effects on prosociality. Our findings highlight the importance of providing information about the negative consequences of individuals’ choices to encourage prosocial behaviour across cultural contexts.","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144812894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Income and education show distinct links to health and happiness in daily life 收入和教育与日常生活中的健康和幸福有着明显的联系

IF 29.9 1区心理学

Nature Human Behaviour Pub Date : 2025-08-08 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-025-02264-9

David B. Newman, Amie M. Gordon, Wendy Berry Mendes

引用次数: 0