Nature Human Behaviour最新文献

{"title":"Preventing eating disorders in the LGBTQ+ community","authors":"Jaclyn A. Siegel, Michelle M. Johns","doi":"10.1038/s41562-024-01976-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41562-024-01976-8","url":null,"abstract":"To prevent eating disorders in the LGBTQ+ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer) community, we must enact safeguards for sexual and gender minority individuals to live in their bodies authentically, address stigma against and within the LGBTQ+ community, and fund research to develop a better understanding of the unique drivers of eating disorder behaviours and to tailor prevention efforts.","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"8 9","pages":"1638-1640"},"PeriodicalIF":21.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142142412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fact-checker warning labels are effective even for those who distrust fact-checkers","authors":"Cameron Martel, David G. Rand","doi":"10.1038/s41562-024-01973-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41562-024-01973-x","url":null,"abstract":"Warning labels from professional fact-checkers are one of the most widely used interventions against online misinformation. But are fact-checker warning labels effective for those who distrust fact-checkers? Here, in a first correlational study (N = 1,000), we validate a measure of trust in fact-checkers. Next, we conduct meta-analyses across 21 experiments (total N = 14,133) in which participants evaluated true and false news posts and were randomized to either see no warning labels or to see warning labels on a high proportion of the false posts. Warning labels were on average effective at reducing belief in (27.6% reduction), and sharing of (24.7% reduction), false headlines. While warning effects were smaller for participants with less trust in fact-checkers, warning labels nonetheless significantly reduced belief in (12.9% reduction), and sharing of (16.7% reduction), false news even for those most distrusting of fact-checkers. These results suggest that fact-checker warning labels are a broadly effective tool for combatting misinformation. Do fact-checker warning labels work for those who distrust fact-checkers? Martel and Rand analyse 21 experiments and find that warning labels reduce belief in, and sharing of, false posts both on average and for those highly distrusting of fact-checkers.","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"8 10","pages":"1957-1967"},"PeriodicalIF":21.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142118123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A 27-country test of communicating the scientific consensus on climate change","authors":"Bojana Većkalov, Sandra J. Geiger, František Bartoš, Mathew P. White, Bastiaan T. Rutjens, Frenk van Harreveld, Federica Stablum, Berkan Akın, Alaa Aldoh, Jinhao Bai, Frida Berglund, Aleša Bratina Zimic, Margaret Broyles, Andrea Catania, Airu Chen, Magdalena Chorzępa, Eman Farahat, Jakob Götz, Bat Hoter-Ishay, Gesine Jordan, Siri Joustra, Jonas Klingebiel, Živa Krajnc, Antonia Krug, Thomas Lind Andersen, Johanna Löloff, Divya Natarajan, Sasha Newman-Oktan, Elena Niehoff, Celeste Paerels, Rachel Papirmeister, Steven Peregrina, Felicia Pohl, Amanda Remsö, Abigail Roh, Binahayati Rusyidi, Justus Schmidt, Mariam Shavgulidze, Valentina Vellinho Nardin, Ruixiang Wang, Kelly Warner, Miranda Wattier, Chloe Y. Wong, Mariem Younssi, Kai Ruggeri, Sander van der Linden","doi":"10.1038/s41562-024-01928-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41562-024-01928-2","url":null,"abstract":"Communicating the scientific consensus that human-caused climate change is real increases climate change beliefs, worry and support for public action in the United States. In this preregistered experiment, we tested two scientific consensus messages, a classic message on the reality of human-caused climate change and an updated message additionally emphasizing scientific agreement that climate change is a crisis. Across online convenience samples from 27 countries (n = 10,527), the classic message substantially reduces misperceptions (d = 0.47, 95% CI (0.41, 0.52)) and slightly increases climate change beliefs (from d = 0.06, 95% CI (0.01, 0.11) to d = 0.10, 95% CI (0.04, 0.15)) and worry (d = 0.05, 95% CI (−0.01, 0.10)) but not support for public action directly. The updated message is equally effective but provides no added value. Both messages are more effective for audiences with lower message familiarity and higher misperceptions, including those with lower trust in climate scientists and right-leaning ideologies. Overall, scientific consensus messaging is an effective, non-polarizing tool for changing misperceptions, beliefs and worry across different audiences. Across 27 countries, Većkalov and Geiger et al. find that scientific consensus messaging on climate change is an effective, non-polarizing tool for changing misperceptions, beliefs and worry but not support for public action.","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"8 10","pages":"1892-1905"},"PeriodicalIF":21.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-024-01928-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142073401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The future of climate-resilient development is local","authors":"Aromar Revi, Ketaki Ghoge","doi":"10.1038/s41562-024-01968-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41562-024-01968-8","url":null,"abstract":"Climate-resilient development provides a framework to address the interlinked challenges of climate change, biodiversity conservation and sustainable development. We discuss how these global goals can be translated to the local scale so that local governments, businesses, communities and citizens can help to implement them.","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"8 9","pages":"1635-1637"},"PeriodicalIF":21.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142073405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic associations between non-cognitive skills and academic achievement over development","authors":"Margherita Malanchini, Andrea G. Allegrini, Michel G. Nivard, Pietro Biroli, Kaili Rimfeld, Rosa Cheesman, Sophie von Stumm, Perline A. Demange, Elsje van Bergen, Andrew D. Grotzinger, Laurel Raffington, Javier De la Fuente, Jean-Baptiste Pingault, Elliot M. Tucker-Drob, K. Paige Harden, Robert Plomin","doi":"10.1038/s41562-024-01967-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41562-024-01967-9","url":null,"abstract":"Non-cognitive skills, such as motivation and self-regulation, are partly heritable and predict academic achievement beyond cognitive skills. However, how the relationship between non-cognitive skills and academic achievement changes over development is unclear. The current study examined how cognitive and non-cognitive skills are associated with academic achievement from ages 7 to 16 years in a sample of over 10,000 children from England and Wales. The results showed that the association between non-cognitive skills and academic achievement increased across development. Twin and polygenic scores analyses found that the links between non-cognitive genetics and academic achievement became stronger over the school years. The results from within-family analyses indicated that non-cognitive genetic effects on academic achievement could not simply be attributed to confounding by environmental differences between nuclear families, consistent with a possible role for evocative/active gene–environment correlations. By studying genetic associations through a developmental lens, we provide further insights into the role of non-cognitive skills in academic development. Malanchini et al. find that non-cognitive skills increasingly predict academic achievement over development, driven by shared genetic factors whose influence grows over school years. These effects persist across socio-economic contexts and suggest the importance of fostering non-cognitive skills in education.","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"8 10","pages":"2034-2046"},"PeriodicalIF":21.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-024-01967-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142073403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neural populations in the language network differ in the size of their temporal receptive windows","authors":"Tamar I. Regev, Colton Casto, Eghbal A. Hosseini, Markus Adamek, Anthony L. Ritaccio, Jon T. Willie, Peter Brunner, Evelina Fedorenko","doi":"10.1038/s41562-024-01944-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41562-024-01944-2","url":null,"abstract":"Despite long knowing what brain areas support language comprehension, our knowledge of the neural computations that these frontal and temporal regions implement remains limited. One important unresolved question concerns functional differences among the neural populations that comprise the language network. Here we leveraged the high spatiotemporal resolution of human intracranial recordings (n = 22) to examine responses to sentences and linguistically degraded conditions. We discovered three response profiles that differ in their temporal dynamics. These profiles appear to reflect different temporal receptive windows, with average windows of about 1, 4 and 6 words, respectively. Neural populations exhibiting these profiles are interleaved across the language network, which suggests that all language regions have direct access to distinct, multiscale representations of linguistic input—a property that may be critical for the efficiency and robustness of language processing. Regev, Casto et al. examine the temporal response patterns of neural populations in the language network and discover that these populations process information over different timescales.","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"8 10","pages":"1924-1942"},"PeriodicalIF":21.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142073404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Causal inference on human behaviour","authors":"Drew H. Bailey, Alexander J. Jung, Adriene M. Beltz, Markus I. Eronen, Christian Gische, Ellen L. Hamaker, Konrad P. Kording, Catherine Lebel, Martin A. Lindquist, Julia Moeller, Adeel Razi, Julia M. Rohrer, Baobao Zhang, Kou Murayama","doi":"10.1038/s41562-024-01939-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41562-024-01939-z","url":null,"abstract":"Making causal inferences regarding human behaviour is difficult given the complex interplay between countless contributors to behaviour, including factors in the external world and our internal states. We provide a non-technical conceptual overview of challenges and opportunities for causal inference on human behaviour. The challenges include our ambiguous causal language and thinking, statistical under- or over-control, effect heterogeneity, interference, timescales of effects and complex treatments. We explain how methods optimized for addressing one of these challenges frequently exacerbate other problems. We thus argue that clearly specified research questions are key to improving causal inference from data. We suggest a triangulation approach that compares causal estimates from (quasi-)experimental research with causal estimates generated from observational data and theoretical assumptions. This approach allows a systematic investigation of theoretical and methodological factors that might lead estimates to converge or diverge across studies. In this Review, Drew Bailey et al. present an accessible, non-technical overview of key challenges for causal inference in studies of human behaviour as well as methodological solutions to these challenges.","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"8 8","pages":"1448-1459"},"PeriodicalIF":21.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142041810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conceptual structure and the growth of scientific knowledge","authors":"Kara Kedrick, Ekaterina Levitskaya, Russell J. Funk","doi":"10.1038/s41562-024-01957-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41562-024-01957-x","url":null,"abstract":"How does scientific knowledge grow? This question has occupied a central place in the philosophy of science, stimulating heated debates but yielding no clear consensus. Many explanations can be understood in terms of whether and how they view the expansion of knowledge as proceeding through the accretion of scientific concepts into larger conceptual structures. Here we examine these views empirically by analysing 2,605,224 papers spanning five decades from both the social sciences (Web of Science) and the physical sciences (American Physical Society). Using natural language processing techniques, we create semantic networks of concepts, wherein noun phrases become linked when used in the same paper abstract. We then detect the core/periphery structures of these networks, wherein core concepts are densely connected sets of highly central nodes and periphery concepts are sparsely connected nodes that are highly connected to the core. For both the social and physical sciences, we observe increasingly rigid conceptual cores accompanied by the proliferation of periphery concepts. Subsequently, we examine the relationship between conceptual structure and the growth of scientific knowledge, finding that scientific works are more innovative in fields with cores that have higher conceptual churn and with larger cores. Furthermore, scientific consensus is associated with reduced conceptual churn and fewer conceptual cores. Overall, our findings suggest that while the organization of scientific concepts is important for the growth of knowledge, the mechanisms vary across time. Analysing 2,605,224 papers spanning five decades from both the social sciences and the physical sciences, the authors examine how scientific knowledge grows. Their findings suggest that while the organization of scientific concepts is important for the growth of knowledge, the mechanisms vary across time.","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"8 10","pages":"1915-1923"},"PeriodicalIF":21.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142021882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Behavioural science can improve parenting interventions","authors":"Marilyn N. Ahun, Simon L. Bacon","doi":"10.1038/s41562-024-01966-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41562-024-01966-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"8 9","pages":"1629-1630"},"PeriodicalIF":21.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142021884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"One hundred years of EEG for brain and behaviour research","authors":"Faisal Mushtaq, Dominik Welke, Anne Gallagher, Yuri G. Pavlov, Layla Kouara, Jorge Bosch-Bayard, Jasper J. F. van den Bosch, Mahnaz Arvaneh, Amy R. Bland, Maximilien Chaumon, Cornelius Borck, Xun He, Steven J. Luck, Maro G. Machizawa, Cyril Pernet, Aina Puce, Sidney J. Segalowitz, Christine Rogers, Muhammad Awais, Claudio Babiloni, Neil W. Bailey, Sylvain Baillet, Robert C. A. Bendall, Daniel Brady, Maria L. Bringas-Vega, Niko A. Busch, Ana Calzada-Reyes, Armand Chatard, Peter E. Clayson, Michael X. Cohen, Jonathan Cole, Martin Constant, Alexandra Corneyllie, Damien Coyle, Damian Cruse, Ioannis Delis, Arnaud Delorme, Damien Fair, Tiago H. Falk, Matthias Gamer, Giorgio Ganis, Kilian Gloy, Samantha Gregory, Cameron D. Hassall, Katherine E. Hiley, Richard B. Ivry, Karim Jerbi, Michael Jenkins, Jakob Kaiser, Andreas Keil, Robert T. Knight, Silvia Kochen, Boris Kotchoubey, Olave E. Krigolson, Nicolas Langer, Heinrich R. Liesefeld, Sarah Lippé, Raquel E. London, Annmarie MacNamara, Scott Makeig, Welber Marinovic, Eduardo Martínez-Montes, Aleya A. Marzuki, Ryan K. Mathew, Christoph Michel, José d. R. Millán, Mark Mon-Williams, Lilia Morales-Chacón, Richard Naar, Gustav Nilsonne, Guiomar Niso, Erika Nyhus, Robert Oostenveld, Katharina Paul, Walter Paulus, Daniela M. Pfabigan, Gilles Pourtois, Stefan Rampp, Manuel Rausch, Kay Robbins, Paolo M. Rossini, Manuela Ruzzoli, Barbara Schmidt, Magdalena Senderecka, Narayanan Srinivasan, Yannik Stegmann, Paul M. Thompson, Mitchell Valdes-Sosa, Melle J. W. van der Molen, Domenica Veniero, Edelyn Verona, Bradley Voytek, Dezhong Yao, Alan C. Evans, Pedro Valdes-Sosa","doi":"10.1038/s41562-024-01941-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41562-024-01941-5","url":null,"abstract":"On the centenary of the first human EEG recording, more than 500 experts reflect on the impact that this discovery has had on our understanding of the brain and behaviour. We document their priorities and call for collective action focusing on validity, democratization and responsibility to realize the potential of EEG in science and society over the next 100 years.","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"8 8","pages":"1437-1443"},"PeriodicalIF":21.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142021885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}