Nature Human Behaviour最新文献

{"title":"Claims about scientific rigour require rigour","authors":"Joseph Bak-Coleman, Berna Devezer","doi":"10.1038/s41562-024-01982-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41562-024-01982-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"8 10","pages":"1890-1891"},"PeriodicalIF":21.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142313709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Consonant lengthening marks the beginning of words across a diverse sample of languages","authors":"Frederic Blum, Ludger Paschen, Robert Forkel, Susanne Fuchs, Frank Seifart","doi":"10.1038/s41562-024-01988-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41562-024-01988-4","url":null,"abstract":"Speech consists of a continuous stream of acoustic signals, yet humans can segment words and other constituents from each other with astonishing precision. The acoustic properties that support this process are not well understood and remain understudied for the vast majority of the world’s languages, in particular regarding their potential variation. Here we report cross-linguistic evidence for the lengthening of word-initial consonants across a typologically diverse sample of 51 languages. Using Bayesian multilevel regression, we find that on average, word-initial consonants are about 13 ms longer than word-medial consonants. The cross-linguistic distribution of the effect indicates that despite individual differences in the phonology of the sampled languages, the lengthening of word-initial consonants is a widespread strategy to mark the onset of words in the continuous acoustic signal of human speech. These findings may be crucial for a better understanding of the incremental processing of speech and speech segmentation. Blum et al. report evidence of lengthening of word-initial consonants across a diverse sample of 51 languages. On average, these consonants are 13 ms longer than word-medial ones, helping mark word boundaries in continuous speech, which is crucial for understanding speech.","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"8 11","pages":"2127-2138"},"PeriodicalIF":21.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-024-01988-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142313710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retraction Note: High replicability of newly discovered social-behavioural findings is achievable","authors":"John Protzko, Jon Krosnick, Leif Nelson, Brian A. Nosek, Jordan Axt, Matt Berent, Nicholas Buttrick, Matthew DeBell, Charles R. Ebersole, Sebastian Lundmark, Bo MacInnis, Michael O’Donnell, Hannah Perfecto, James E. Pustejovsky, Scott S. Roeder, Jan Walleczek, Jonathan W. Schooler","doi":"10.1038/s41562-024-01997-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41562-024-01997-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"8 10","pages":"2067-2067"},"PeriodicalIF":21.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-024-01997-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142317018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How large language models can reshape collective intelligence","authors":"Jason W. Burton, Ezequiel Lopez-Lopez, Shahar Hechtlinger, Zoe Rahwan, Samuel Aeschbach, Michiel A. Bakker, Joshua A. Becker, Aleks Berditchevskaia, Julian Berger, Levin Brinkmann, Lucie Flek, Stefan M. Herzog, Saffron Huang, Sayash Kapoor, Arvind Narayanan, Anne-Marie Nussberger, Taha Yasseri, Pietro Nickl, Abdullah Almaatouq, Ulrike Hahn, Ralf H. J. M. Kurvers, Susan Leavy, Iyad Rahwan, Divya Siddarth, Alice Siu, Anita W. Woolley, Dirk U. Wulff, Ralph Hertwig","doi":"10.1038/s41562-024-01959-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41562-024-01959-9","url":null,"abstract":"Collective intelligence underpins the success of groups, organizations, markets and societies. Through distributed cognition and coordination, collectives can achieve outcomes that exceed the capabilities of individuals—even experts—resulting in improved accuracy and novel capabilities. Often, collective intelligence is supported by information technology, such as online prediction markets that elicit the ‘wisdom of crowds’, online forums that structure collective deliberation or digital platforms that crowdsource knowledge from the public. Large language models, however, are transforming how information is aggregated, accessed and transmitted online. Here we focus on the unique opportunities and challenges this transformation poses for collective intelligence. We bring together interdisciplinary perspectives from industry and academia to identify potential benefits, risks, policy-relevant considerations and open research questions, culminating in a call for a closer examination of how large language models affect humans’ ability to collectively tackle complex problems. Collective intelligence is the basis for group success and is frequently supported by information technology. Burton et al. argue that large language models are transforming information access and transmission, presenting both opportunities and challenges for collective intelligence.","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"8 9","pages":"1643-1655"},"PeriodicalIF":21.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142275147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mind the gap between education policy and practice","authors":"Noam Angrist, Stefan Dercon","doi":"10.1038/s41562-024-02013-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41562-024-02013-4","url":null,"abstract":"An analysis in 50 countries shows large gaps between education policy and practice, which contributes to illiteracy among millions of students. Although much attention has been dedicated to policymaking, minimal attention is paid to policy implementation. To improve learning, we should pay as much attention to the latter as the former.","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"8 12","pages":"2261-2263"},"PeriodicalIF":21.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142245220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges in developing STEM sign language for inclusive education","authors":"Caroline M. Solomon","doi":"10.1038/s41562-024-01993-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41562-024-01993-7","url":null,"abstract":"Caroline Solomon is a biological oceanographer and deaf. She discusses how STEM sign lexicon development contributes to inclusive education and which challenges still need to be overcome.","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"8 12","pages":"2253-2253"},"PeriodicalIF":21.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142245221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Replay shapes abstract cognitive maps for efficient social navigation","authors":"Jae-Young Son, Marc-Lluís Vives, Apoorva Bhandari, Oriel FeldmanHall","doi":"10.1038/s41562-024-01990-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41562-024-01990-w","url":null,"abstract":"To make adaptive social decisions, people must anticipate how information flows through their social network. While this requires knowledge of how people are connected, networks are too large to have first-hand experience with every possible route between individuals. How, then, are people able to accurately track information flow through social networks? Here we find that people immediately cache abstract knowledge about social network structure as they learn who is friends with whom, which enables the identification of efficient routes between remotely connected individuals. These cognitive maps of social networks, which are built while learning, are then reshaped through overnight rest. During these extended periods of rest, a replay-like mechanism helps to make these maps increasingly abstract, which privileges improvements in social navigation accuracy for the longest communication paths that span distinct communities within the network. Together, these findings provide mechanistic insight into the sophisticated mental representations humans use for social navigation. How do people track information flow through social networks? New research finds that extended periods of rest, such as sleep, help people build abstract cognitive maps that identify efficient routes between remotely connected network members.","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"8 11","pages":"2156-2167"},"PeriodicalIF":21.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142245222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethical challenges in translating brain–computer interfaces","authors":"Anna Wexler, Ashley Feinsinger","doi":"10.1038/s41562-024-01972-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41562-024-01972-y","url":null,"abstract":"Brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) have the potential to revolutionize treatment for individuals with severe disabilities. As these technologies transition from the laboratory to real-world applications, they pose unique ethical challenges that necessitate careful consideration.","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"8 10","pages":"1831-1833"},"PeriodicalIF":21.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142235231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Observational and genetic evidence disagree on the association between loneliness and risk of multiple diseases","authors":"Yannis Yan Liang, Mingqing Zhou, Yu He, Weijie Zhang, Qiqi Wu, Tong Luo, Jun Zhang, Fujun Jia, Lu Qi, Sizhi Ai, Jihui Zhang","doi":"10.1038/s41562-024-01970-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41562-024-01970-0","url":null,"abstract":"Loneliness—the subjective experience of social disconnection—is now widely regarded as a health risk factor. However, whether the associations between loneliness and multiple diseases are consistent with causal effects remains largely unexplored. Here we combined behavioural, genetic and hospitalization data from the UK Biobank to examine the associations of loneliness with a wide range of non-overlapping diseases. During a median 12.2-year follow-up, loneliness was associated with greater risks in 13 of 14 disease categories and 30 of 56 individual diseases considered. Of the 30 diseases significantly associated with loneliness, 26 had genetic data available for Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses. After Benjamini‒Hochberg correction and multiple sensitivity analyses within the MR framework, non-causal associations were identified between genetic liability to loneliness and 20 out of the 26 specific diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, chronic liver diseases, chronic kidney disease, most neurological diseases and the other common diseases. Genetic liability to loneliness was only potentially causally associated with the remaining six diseases. Socioeconomic factors, health behaviours, baseline depressive symptoms and comorbidities largely explained the associations between loneliness and diseases. Overall, our study revealed a dissociation between observational and genetic evidence regarding the associations of loneliness with multiple diseases. These findings suggest that loneliness may serve as a potential surrogate marker rather than a causal risk factor for most diseases tested here. Loneliness was found to be linked to increased risk for 30 out of 56 diseases in a UK Biobank study. However, genetic analyses show that loneliness likely causes only six diseases. These findings suggest that loneliness is more a potential surrogate marker than a direct cause for most diseases.","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"8 11","pages":"2209-2221"},"PeriodicalIF":21.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-024-01970-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142235120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Online misinformation warning labels work despite distrust of fact-checkers","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s41562-024-01974-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41562-024-01974-w","url":null,"abstract":"Could online warning labels from fact-checkers be ineffective — or perhaps even backfire — for individuals who distrust fact-checkers? Across 21 experiments, we found that the answer is no: warning labels reduce belief in, and sharing of, posts labelled as false both on average and for participants who strongly distrust fact-checkers.","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"8 10","pages":"1837-1838"},"PeriodicalIF":21.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142175018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}