Nature Human Behaviour最新文献

{"title":"Misinformation and children’s fact-checking","authors":"Isaac Bisla, Melissa A. Koenig","doi":"10.1038/s41562-024-02030-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41562-024-02030-3","url":null,"abstract":"Although research on misinformation and fact-checking flourishes, developmental studies that involve younger participants remain scarce. Through two experiments among 4- to 7-year-olds and a computer simulation study, Orticio et al. found that when children encountered more misleading information, they intended to seek more evidence before accepting new claims.","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"8 12","pages":"2275-2276"},"PeriodicalIF":21.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142448255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A behaviourally informed chatbot increases vaccination rates in Argentina more than a one-way reminder","authors":"Dan Brown, Adelaida Barrera, Lucas Ibañez, Iván Budassi, Bridie Murphy, Pujen Shrestha, Sebastian Salomon-Ballada, Jorge Kriscovich, Fernando Torrente","doi":"10.1038/s41562-024-01985-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41562-024-01985-7","url":null,"abstract":"Maintaining COVID-19 vaccine demand was key to ending the global health emergency. To help do this, many governments used chatbots that provided personalized information guiding people on where, when and how to get vaccinated. We designed and tested a WhatsApp chatbot to understand whether two-way interactive messaging incorporating behaviourally informed functionalities could perform better than one-way message reminders. We ran a large-scale preregistered randomized controlled trial with 249,705 participants in Argentina, measuring vaccinations using Ministry of Health records. The behaviourally informed chatbot more than tripled COVID-19 vaccine uptake compared with the control group (a 1.6 percentage point increase (95% confidence interval, (1.36 pp, 1.77 pp)) and nearly doubled uptake compared with the one-way message reminder (a 1 percentage point increase (95% confidence interval, (0.83 pp, 1.17 pp)). Communications tools designed with behaviourally informed functionalities that simplify the vaccine user journey can increase vaccination more than traditional message reminders and may have applications to other health behaviours. A chatbot informed by insights from behavioural science more than tripled COVID-19 vaccination uptake in Chaco province, Argentina, and nearly doubled it compared with a one-way message reminder.","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"8 12","pages":"2314-2321"},"PeriodicalIF":21.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-024-01985-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142448344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The mental health effects of the tenure track system in China","authors":"Jian Li","doi":"10.1038/s41562-024-02022-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-024-02022-3","url":null,"abstract":"Chinese universities are moving towards tenure track systems. Although this increases academic output, it also comes with negative mental health effects, writes Jian Li.","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142448252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social bonds and community support are vital to prison reform","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s41562-024-02007-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41562-024-02007-2","url":null,"abstract":"Participating in the Twinning Project — a football-based prison intervention — notably improved behaviour in prison and desistance from crime after release. This research highlights the importance of fostering positive group bonds and community support to enhance reintegration efforts and reduce reoffending rates.","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"8 12","pages":"2277-2278"},"PeriodicalIF":21.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142440179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human olfactory perception embeds fine temporal resolution within a single sniff","authors":"Yuli Wu, Kepu Chen, Chen Xing, Meihe Huang, Kai Zhao, Wen Zhou","doi":"10.1038/s41562-024-01984-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41562-024-01984-8","url":null,"abstract":"A sniff in humans typically lasts one to three seconds and is commonly considered to produce a long-exposure shot of the chemical environment that sets the temporal limit of olfactory perception. To break this limit, we devised a sniff-triggered apparatus that controls odorant deliveries within a sniff with a precision of 18 milliseconds. Using this apparatus, we show through rigorous psychophysical testing of 229 participants (649 sessions) that two odorants presented in one order and its reverse become perceptually discriminable when the stimulus onset asynchrony is merely 60 milliseconds (Cohen’s d = 0.48; 95% confidence interval, (55, 59); 120-millisecond difference). Discrimination performance improves with the length of stimulus onset asynchrony and is independent of explicit knowledge of the temporal order of odorants or the relative amount of odorant molecules accumulated in a sniff. Our findings demonstrate that human olfactory perception is sensitive to chemical dynamics within a single sniff and provide behavioural evidence for a temporal code of odour identity. Olfaction has traditionally been considered a slow sense. Using a precise sniff-triggered apparatus, Wu et al. show that people can distinguish fine odour dynamics, with a temporal sensitivity within 120 milliseconds—or well within a single sniff.","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"8 11","pages":"2168-2178"},"PeriodicalIF":21.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142431681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inconsistent embryo selection across polygenic score methods","authors":"Shinichi Namba, Masato Akiyama, Haruka Hamanoue, Kazuto Kato, Minae Kawashima, Itaru Kushima, Koichi Matsuda, Masahiro Nakatochi, Soichi Ogishima, Kyuto Sonehara, Ken Suzuki, Atsushi Takata, Gen Tamiya, Chizu Tanikawa, Kenichi Yamamoto, Natsuko Yamamoto, The BioBank Japan Project, Norio Ozaki, Yukinori Okada","doi":"10.1038/s41562-024-02019-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41562-024-02019-y","url":null,"abstract":"Private enterprises offer preimplantation genetic testing with polygenic scores to select embryos with ‘desirable’ potential. In silico simulations using biobank resources show that the selected embryo would rely substantially on the choice of polygenic score method and randomness in score construction, which raises ethical concerns.","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"8 12","pages":"2264-2267"},"PeriodicalIF":21.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142430540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perceptual and conceptual novelty independently guide infant looking behaviour: a systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Linette Kunin, Sabrina H. Piccolo, Rebecca Saxe, Shari Liu","doi":"10.1038/s41562-024-01965-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41562-024-01965-x","url":null,"abstract":"Human infants are born with their eyes open and an otherwise limited motor repertoire; thus, studies measuring infant looking are commonly used to investigate the developmental origins of perception and cognition. However, scholars have long expressed concerns about the reliability and interpretation of looking behaviours. We evaluated these concerns using a pre-registered ( https://osf.io/jghc3 ), systematic meta-analysis of 76 published and unpublished studies of infants’ early physical and psychological reasoning (total n = 1,899; 3- to 12-month-old infants; database search and call for unpublished studies conducted July to August 2022). We studied two effects in the same datasets: looking towards expected versus unexpected events (violation of expectation (VOE)) and looking towards visually familiar versus visually novel events (perceptual novelty (PN)). Most studies implemented methods to minimize the risk of bias (for example, ensuring that experimenters were naive to the conditions and reporting inter-rater reliability). There was mixed evidence about publication bias for the VOE effect. Most centrally to our research aims, we found that these two effects varied systematically—with roughly equal effect sizes (VOE, standardized mean difference 0.290 and 95% confidence interval (0.208, 0.372); PN, standardized mean difference 0.239 and 95% confidence interval (0.109, 0.369))—but independently, based on different predictors. Age predicted infants’ looking responses to unexpected events, but not visually novel events. Habituation predicted infants’ looking responses to visually novel events, but not unexpected events. From these findings, we suggest that conceptual and perceptual novelty independently influence infants’ looking behaviour. Combining results from 76 studies, Kunin et al. find evidence for two distinct drivers of infant looking: the degree to which a stimulus is unexpected and the degree to which it is visually unfamiliar.","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"8 12","pages":"2342-2356"},"PeriodicalIF":21.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142430541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Timing matters in olfaction","authors":"Saeed Karimimehr, Dmitry Rinberg","doi":"10.1038/s41562-024-02008-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41562-024-02008-1","url":null,"abstract":"Our ears are known for their ability to detect fine temporal features of sound. But what about our sense of smell? Yuli Wu and colleagues have discovered that humans can discriminate between odour sequences with an impressive temporal precision of 120 ms, which reveals an unprecedented temporal sensitivity in human olfaction.","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"8 11","pages":"2092-2093"},"PeriodicalIF":21.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142431679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A soccer-based intervention improves incarcerated individuals’ behaviour and public acceptance through group bonding","authors":"Martha Newson, Linus Peitz, Jack Cunliffe, Harvey Whitehouse","doi":"10.1038/s41562-024-02006-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41562-024-02006-3","url":null,"abstract":"As incarceration rates rise globally, the need to reduce re-offending grows increasingly urgent. We investigate whether positive group bonds can improve behaviours among incarcerated people via a unique soccer-based prison intervention, the Twinning Project. We analyse effects of participation compared to a control group (study 1, n = 676, n = 1,874 control cases) and longitudinal patterns of social cohesion underlying these effects (study 2, n = 388) in the United Kingdom. We also explore desistance from crime after release (study 3, n = 249) in the United Kingdom and the United States. As law-abiding behaviour also requires a supportive receiving community, we assessed factors influencing willingness to employ formerly incarcerated people in online samples in the United Kingdom and the United States (studies 4–9, n = 1,797). Results indicate that social bonding relates to both improved behaviour within prison and increased willingness of receiving communities to support re-integration efforts. Harnessing the power of group identities both within prison and receiving communities can help to address the global incarceration crisis. The Twinning Project, a soccer-based prison intervention, reduced prison adjudications by 50%. Following release, social bonding was related to desistance and community attitudes, highlighting the need to connect incarcerated people with law-abiding groups.","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"8 12","pages":"2304-2313"},"PeriodicalIF":21.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-024-02006-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142431680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal adiposity and perinatal and offspring outcomes: an umbrella review","authors":"Ziyi Yang, Gengchen Feng, Xueying Gao, Xueqi Yan, Yimeng Li, Yuteng Wang, Shumin Li, Yonghui Jiang, Shigang Zhao, Han Zhao, Zi-Jiang Chen","doi":"10.1038/s41562-024-01994-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41562-024-01994-6","url":null,"abstract":"Maternal adiposity deleteriously affects obstetrical health and has been associated with long-term adverse consequences in offspring. Here we conducted an umbrella review encompassing 194 observational meta-analyses, 10 Mendelian randomization studies and 748 interventional meta-analyses to appraise the published evidence on the associations between maternal adiposity and perinatal and offspring outcomes. Evidence grading suggested that 17 (8.8%) observational meta-analyses were supported by convincing evidence for 12 outcomes: maternal adiposity was associated with an increased risk of caesarean delivery following labour induction, infant mortality, Apgar score <7 at 1 min, antenatal depression, offspring overweight and obesity, early timing of puberty onset in daughters, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, cerebral palsy, congenital heart disease and spina bifida (OR/RR ranging from 1.14 to 2.31), as well as increased offspring body fat percent and fat mass (SMD 0.31 and 0.35, respectively). Among these outcomes, interventional meta-analyses supported that maternal weight loss interventions significantly reduced the risk of antenatal depression but not low Apgar scores; these interventions also could not reduce offspring fat mass or body fat percent. Evidence from Mendelian randomization studies supported a causal relationship between maternal adiposity and gestational diabetes mellitus, preeclampsia, birth size and offspring adiposity. Our findings highlight that while observational meta-analyses reveal associations between maternal adiposity and various adverse perinatal and offspring outcomes, convincing, unbiased evidence or support from Mendelian randomization studies is limited. Maternal pre-conceptional and prenatal weight loss interventions can reduce some, but not all, of these adverse effects. This umbrella review of 194 observational meta-analyses and 748 interventional studies finds that maternal adiposity is associated with 12 adverse perinatal and offspring outcomes. Maternal weight loss interventions can only reduce some of these effects.","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"8 12","pages":"2406-2422"},"PeriodicalIF":21.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142404913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}