Nature Human Behaviour最新文献_第10页

Individual and differential harm in redistricting 选区重划中的个人和差别伤害。

IF 17.5 1区心理学

Nature Human Behaviour Pub Date : 2026-08-06 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-026-02511-7

Cory McCartan, Christopher T. Kenny

{"title":"Individual and differential harm in redistricting","authors":"Cory McCartan, Christopher T. Kenny","doi":"10.1038/s41562-026-02511-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41562-026-02511-7","url":null,"abstract":"Social scientists have developed dozens of measures for assessing partisan bias in redistricting. However, these measures are not easily adapted to other groups, including groups defined by race, class or geography, nor are they applicable to single- or no-party contexts, such as local redistricting. Here we propose a unified framework of harm for evaluating the impacts of a districting plan on individual voters and the groups to which they belong, to overcome these limitations. We consider a voter harmed if their chosen candidate is not elected under the current plan but would be under a different plan. Harm improves on existing measures by both focusing on the choices of individual voters and directly incorporating counterfactual plans. We discuss strategies for estimating harm using redistricting simulations, and demonstrate the utility of our framework through three applications to US redistricting. Overall, harm provides a flexible way to precisely quantify redistricting’s individual impacts. McCartan and Kenny develop a framework for quantifying the individual-level impacts of redistricting in the USA, showing its applicability for identifying partisan gerrymandering and differential effects across populations.","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"10 10","pages":"1898-1909"},"PeriodicalIF":17.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148685404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fluctuations in arousal reflect latent state transitions that facilitate behavioural optimization 觉醒的波动反映了促进行为优化的潜在状态转换。

IF 17.5 1区心理学

Nature Human Behaviour Pub Date : 2026-08-05 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-026-02533-1

Tiantian Li, Harrison Marble, Timothy Chen, Niloufar Razmi, Matthew R. Nassar

{"title":"Fluctuations in arousal reflect latent state transitions that facilitate behavioural optimization","authors":"Tiantian Li, Harrison Marble, Timothy Chen, Niloufar Razmi, Matthew R. Nassar","doi":"10.1038/s41562-026-02533-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41562-026-02533-1","url":null,"abstract":"People are often faced with surprising events that defy expectations. Such events elicit transient activity in the locus coeruleus/norepinephrine system and elevation of peripheral arousal markers including pupil dilation and a late positive peak in stimulus evoked EEG response, the P300, but the function of these signals remains unclear. We propose that they reflect latent state transitions that dynamically control the mental context governing learning and perception. We tested and confirmed five preregistered predictions of this theory using EEG and pupil measurements collected from people performing a colour prediction and reproduction task. Task-induced latent state transitions elicited pupil dilation and amplified event-related potentials including the P3a component of the P300. These EEG and pupil measures related to behavioural signatures of latent state updating, including reduced bias and bidirectional adjustment of learning, both across trials and across individuals. Our findings support the theory that locus coeruleus/norepinephrine-linked arousal systems optimize behaviour by signalling environmental transitions to facilitate rapid adjustments of mental context. Li, Marble et al. examine how moment-to-moment fluctuations in arousal optimize behaviour by signalling environmental transitions and facilitate rapid adjustments of mental context.","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"10 9","pages":"1790-1807"},"PeriodicalIF":17.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-026-02533-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148679491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Interaction with AI companions and psychological well-being 与AI同伴的互动和心理健康。

IF 17.5 1区心理学

Nature Human Behaviour Pub Date : 2026-08-04 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-026-02516-2

Yutong Zhang, Dora Zhao, Jeffrey T. Hancock, Robert Kraut, Diyi Yang

{"title":"Interaction with AI companions and psychological well-being","authors":"Yutong Zhang, Dora Zhao, Jeffrey T. Hancock, Robert Kraut, Diyi Yang","doi":"10.1038/s41562-026-02516-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41562-026-02516-2","url":null,"abstract":"As large-language-model-enhanced chatbots become increasingly expressive and socially responsive, many users begin forming companionship-like bonds with them. This study investigates how using AI companions relates to psychological well-being. We collected self-reported data from 1,131 US adults who use Character.AI, including survey responses and 4,664 chat sessions (464,687 messages) from 237 participants. By triangulating self-reported usage, relationship descriptions and real chat histories, we identify patterns of engagement and associated outcomes. Smaller social networks were associated with reporting companionship as the primary chatbot use (β = −0.03; 95% confidence interval (CI), (−0.05, −0.01)), which in turn was associated with lower well-being (β = −0.48; 95% CI, (−0.70, −0.25)). For self-reported companionship usage, this association was stronger when interactions were intensive (β = −0.31; 95% CI, (−0.56, −0.06)) and highly disclosive (β = −0.38; 95% CI, (−0.63, −0.14)). These results suggest that the association between AI companionship and well-being is not uniform and depends on users’ offline social environments and how chatbots are used. In this mixed-methods study, Zhang et al. examine AI companionship and psychological well-being, finding that the association depends on usage patterns and users’ offline social contexts.","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"10 10","pages":"1966-1980"},"PeriodicalIF":17.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148674336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Negative influence of early social media use on school outcomes 早期使用社交媒体对学业成绩的负面影响。

IF 17.5 1区心理学

Nature Human Behaviour Pub Date : 2026-08-03 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-026-02523-3

引用次数: 0

Longitudinal effect of early social media use on standardized learning outcomes during school career 早期社交媒体使用对学校生涯标准化学习成果的纵向影响。

IF 17.5 1区心理学

Nature Human Behaviour Pub Date : 2026-08-03 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-026-02522-4

Marco Gui, Chiara Respi, Giovanni Abbiati, Cristiana Paladini, Sofia Ercolanoni, Francesca Milzani, Tiziana Pirola, Giovanni Vezzoli

{"title":"Longitudinal effect of early social media use on standardized learning outcomes during school career","authors":"Marco Gui, Chiara Respi, Giovanni Abbiati, Cristiana Paladini, Sofia Ercolanoni, Francesca Milzani, Tiziana Pirola, Giovanni Vezzoli","doi":"10.1038/s41562-026-02522-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41562-026-02522-4","url":null,"abstract":"This study uses difference-in-differences models to evaluate the impact of early social media use on academic performance among children aged 7–16 years. A dataset comprising 5,227 students from northern Italy was constructed by merging data from a questionnaire on lifetime digital media habits with longitudinal standardized test scores in Italian, English and mathematics. Participants who created a personal social media account in 6th, 7th or 8th grade were separately matched with late adopters who initiated their first social media account in the 9th grade or later. The findings provide compelling evidence that early engagement with social media adversely affects learning outcomes. Additional findings on the effects of early social media use on other academic outcomes for which we do not have longitudinal data are in line with our main findings. We also find supporting evidence that a substantial part of this negative effect is mediated by students’ smartphone pervasiveness in key moments of the day. Analysing data from 5,227 students from northern Italy, this article finds causal evidence that early engagement with social media adversely affects learning outcomes.","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"10 10","pages":"1953-1965"},"PeriodicalIF":17.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-026-02522-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148670221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A life-course map of health risks associated with exposure to second-hand smoke 与接触二手烟有关的健康风险生命历程图。

IF 17.5 1区心理学

Nature Human Behaviour Pub Date : 2026-07-31 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-026-02481-w

引用次数: 0

Insights from climate psychology for misinformation research 气候心理学对错误信息研究的见解。

IF 17.5 1区心理学

Nature Human Behaviour Pub Date : 2026-07-20 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-026-02530-4

Tobia Spampatti, Bojana Većkalov, Sandra J. Geiger, Sander van der Linden, Stephan Lewandowsky, Matthew J. Hornsey

引用次数: 0

Association of traumatic experiences with depressive symptoms among LGBTQ+ population in China 中国LGBTQ+人群创伤经历与抑郁症状的关系

IF 17.5 1区心理学

Nature Human Behaviour Pub Date : 2026-07-16 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-026-02518-0

Jingli Yang, Yu Wang, Lei Liu, Junren Wang, Yueyao Xu, Shu Wen, Peipei Zhao, Peipei Du, Yumeng Wang, Xin Han, Brian J. Hall, Fang Fang, Xiaodong Wang, Dan Wu, Huan Song

{"title":"Association of traumatic experiences with depressive symptoms among LGBTQ+ population in China","authors":"Jingli Yang, Yu Wang, Lei Liu, Junren Wang, Yueyao Xu, Shu Wen, Peipei Zhao, Peipei Du, Yumeng Wang, Xin Han, Brian J. Hall, Fang Fang, Xiaodong Wang, Dan Wu, Huan Song","doi":"10.1038/s41562-026-02518-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41562-026-02518-0","url":null,"abstract":"Trauma is a major contributor to mental health disparities among LGBTQ+ individuals, yet evidence from non-Western contexts remains limited. Using baseline data from 8,384 participants in the TREASURE cohort in Chengdu, China, we examined associations between trauma exposure (adverse childhood experiences, lifetime trauma and LGBTQ+-related adversities) and depressive symptoms. Trauma exposure was highly prevalent (92.7%), particularly LGBTQ+-related adversities (87.3%). Depressive symptoms were observed in 30.2% of participants and were associated with trauma exposure (adjusted odds ratio = 11.00, 95% confidence interval, 7.39–16.39), exhibiting a dose–response relationship: each additional traumatic event is associated with 10% higher risk of depressive symptoms (95% confidence interval, 9–11%). Sequential mediation analysis suggested that unfavourable behavioural factors such as smoking (mediated proportions, 14.99–40.23%), lower social support (7.91–33.08%) and negative coping (1.79–37.66%) may mediate these associations. Despite limitations including non-representative, cross-sectional and self-reported data, our findings highlight that trauma exposure is ubiquitous and associated with depressive symptoms among Chinese LGBTQ+ individuals. Yang et al. found that trauma is highly prevalent among LGBTQ+ individuals in China and linked to depression. Unhealthy behaviours, low social support and negative coping partly explain this relationship, highlighting key targets for intervention.","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"10 9","pages":"1718-1729"},"PeriodicalIF":17.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148459523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Tuning tasks to how we learn 调整任务以适应我们的学习方式。

IF 17.5 1区心理学

Nature Human Behaviour Pub Date : 2026-07-15 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-026-02508-2

Anne G. E. Collins, Ti-Fen Pan

引用次数: 0

The unspoken tensions that AI brings to academic collaboration 人工智能给学术合作带来的不言而喻的紧张关系

IF 17.5 1区心理学

Nature Human Behaviour Pub Date : 2026-07-13 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-026-02529-x

Susan Hilbolling, Janet Frances Rafner

引用次数: 0