Nature Human Behaviour最新文献_第9页

A systematic review and network meta-analysis of population-level interventions to tackle smoking behaviour 针对吸烟行为的人群干预措施的系统回顾和网络荟萃分析

IF 21.4 1区心理学

Nature Human Behaviour Pub Date : 2024-10-07 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-024-02002-7

Shamima Akter, Md. Mizanur Rahman, Thomas Rouyard, Sarmin Aktar, Raïssa Shiyghan Nsashiyi, Ryota Nakamura

{"title":"A systematic review and network meta-analysis of population-level interventions to tackle smoking behaviour","authors":"Shamima Akter, Md. Mizanur Rahman, Thomas Rouyard, Sarmin Aktar, Raïssa Shiyghan Nsashiyi, Ryota Nakamura","doi":"10.1038/s41562-024-02002-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41562-024-02002-7","url":null,"abstract":"This preregistered systematic review and meta-analysis (PROSPERO: CRD 42022311392) aimed to synthesize the effectiveness of all available population-level tobacco policies on smoking behaviour. Our search across 5 databases and leading organizational websites resulted in 9,925 records, with 476 studies meeting our inclusion criteria. In our narrative summary and both pairwise and network meta-analyses, we identified anti-smoking campaigns, health warnings and tax increases as the most effective tobacco policies for promoting smoking cessation. Flavour bans and free/discounted nicotine replacement therapy also showed statistically significant positive effects on quit rates. The network meta-analysis results further indicated that smoking bans, anti-tobacco campaigns and tax increases effectively reduced smoking prevalence. In addition, flavour bans significantly reduced e-cigarette consumption. Both the narrative summary and the meta-analyses revealed that smoking bans, tax increases and anti-tobacco campaigns were associated with reductions in tobacco consumption and sales. On the basis of the available evidence, anti-tobacco campaigns, smoking bans, health warnings and tax increases are probably the most effective policies for curbing smoking behaviour. In this systematic review and meta-analysis of population-level tobacco control policies, Akter et al. find that anti-tobacco campaigns, smoking bans, health warnings and tax increases are effective measures for curbing smoking behaviour.","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"8 12","pages":"2367-2391"},"PeriodicalIF":21.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-024-02002-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142383593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A signal-detection framework for misinformation interventions 错误信息干预的信号检测框架

IF 21.4 1区心理学

Nature Human Behaviour Pub Date : 2024-10-07 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-024-02021-4

Bertram Gawronski, Lea S. Nahon, Nyx L. Ng

引用次数: 0

Gender rating gap in online reviews 在线评论中的性别评级差距

IF 29.9 1区心理学

Nature Human Behaviour Pub Date : 2024-10-07 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-024-02003-6

Andreas Bayerl, Yaniv Dover, Hila Riemer, Daniel Shapira

引用次数: 0

Underrepresented minority faculty in the USA face a double standard in promotion and tenure decisions 美国少数族裔教师在晋升和终身教职决定中面临双重标准

IF 21.4 1区心理学

Nature Human Behaviour Pub Date : 2024-10-04 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-024-01977-7

Theodore Masters-Waage, Christiane Spitzmueller, Ebenezer Edema-Sillo, Ally St. Aubin, Michelle Penn-Marshall, Erika Henderson, Peggy Lindner, Cynthia Werner, Tracey Rizzuto, Juan Madera

{"title":"Underrepresented minority faculty in the USA face a double standard in promotion and tenure decisions","authors":"Theodore Masters-Waage, Christiane Spitzmueller, Ebenezer Edema-Sillo, Ally St. Aubin, Michelle Penn-Marshall, Erika Henderson, Peggy Lindner, Cynthia Werner, Tracey Rizzuto, Juan Madera","doi":"10.1038/s41562-024-01977-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41562-024-01977-7","url":null,"abstract":"Underrepresented minority (URM) faculty face challenges in many domains of academia, from university admissions to grant applications. We examine whether this translates to promotion and tenure (P&T) decisions. Data from five US universities on 1,571 faculty members’ P&T decisions show that URM faculty received 7% more negative votes and were 44% less likely to receive unanimous votes from P&T committees. A double standard in how scholarly productivity is rewarded is also observed, with below-average h-indexes being judged more harshly for URM faculty than for non-URM faculty. This relationship is amplified for faculty with intersectional backgrounds, especially URM women. The differential treatment of URM women was mitigated when external reviewers highlighted candidates’ scholarship more in their review letters. In sum, the results support the double standard hypothesis and provide evidence that different outcomes in P&T decision-making processes contribute to the sustained underrepresentation of URM faculty in tenured faculty positions. Masters-Waage et al. report that underrepresented minority (URM) faculty in the USA face barriers in the promotion and tenure process, receiving more negative votes and fewer unanimous positive decisions at the college level. This is partly due to a double standard: URM faculty are held to a higher standard than non-URM faculty in terms of scholarly productivity.","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"8 11","pages":"2107-2118"},"PeriodicalIF":21.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-024-01977-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142370042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Double standards in promotion and tenure 晋升和终身职位方面的双重标准

IF 21.4 1区心理学

Nature Human Behaviour Pub Date : 2024-10-04 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-024-01975-9

Damani White-Lewis

引用次数: 0

Theta phase precession supports memory formation and retrieval of naturalistic experience in humans Theta 相序支持人类自然体验记忆的形成和检索

IF 21.4 1区心理学

Nature Human Behaviour Pub Date : 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-024-01983-9

Jie Zheng, Mar Yebra, Andrea G. P. Schjetnan, Kramay Patel, Chaim N. Katz, Michael Kyzar, Clayton P. Mosher, Suneil K. Kalia, Jeffrey M. Chung, Chrystal M. Reed, Taufik A. Valiante, Adam N. Mamelak, Gabriel Kreiman, Ueli Rutishauser

{"title":"Theta phase precession supports memory formation and retrieval of naturalistic experience in humans","authors":"Jie Zheng, Mar Yebra, Andrea G. P. Schjetnan, Kramay Patel, Chaim N. Katz, Michael Kyzar, Clayton P. Mosher, Suneil K. Kalia, Jeffrey M. Chung, Chrystal M. Reed, Taufik A. Valiante, Adam N. Mamelak, Gabriel Kreiman, Ueli Rutishauser","doi":"10.1038/s41562-024-01983-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41562-024-01983-9","url":null,"abstract":"Associating different aspects of experience with discrete events is critical for human memory. A potential mechanism for linking memory components is phase precession, during which neurons fire progressively earlier in time relative to theta oscillations. However, no direct link between phase precession and memory has been established. Here we recorded single-neuron activity and local field potentials in the human medial temporal lobe while participants (n = 22) encoded and retrieved memories of movie clips. Bouts of theta and phase precession occurred following cognitive boundaries during movie watching and following stimulus onsets during memory retrieval. Phase precession was dynamic, with different neurons exhibiting precession in different task periods. Phase precession strength provided information about memory encoding and retrieval success that was complementary with firing rates. These data provide direct neural evidence for a functional role of phase precession in human episodic memory. Zheng et al. show neural evidence for a functional role of phase precession in human episodic memory.","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"8 12","pages":"2423-2436"},"PeriodicalIF":21.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-024-01983-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142368956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Word-initial lengthening of consonants in non-WEIRD languages 非 WEIRD 语言中辅音的词首延长

IF 21.4 1区心理学

Nature Human Behaviour Pub Date : 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-024-01989-3

引用次数: 0

State-level anti-transgender laws increase past-year suicide attempts among transgender and non-binary young people in the USA 美国州一级的反变性法律增加了变性和非二元青年过去一年的自杀企图

IF 21.4 1区心理学

Nature Human Behaviour Pub Date : 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-024-01979-5

Wilson Y. Lee, J. Nicholas Hobbs, Steven Hobaica, Jonah P. DeChants, Myeshia N. Price, Ronita Nath

{"title":"State-level anti-transgender laws increase past-year suicide attempts among transgender and non-binary young people in the USA","authors":"Wilson Y. Lee, J. Nicholas Hobbs, Steven Hobaica, Jonah P. DeChants, Myeshia N. Price, Ronita Nath","doi":"10.1038/s41562-024-01979-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41562-024-01979-5","url":null,"abstract":"From 2018 to 2022, 48 anti-transgender laws (that is, laws that restrict the rights of transgender and non-binary people) were enacted in the USA across 19 different state governments. In this study, we estimated the causal impact of state-level anti-transgender laws on suicide risk among transgender and non-binary (TGNB) young people aged 13–17 (n = 35,196) and aged 13–24 (n = 61,240) using a difference-in-differences research design. We found minimal evidence of an anticipatory effect in the time periods leading up to the enactment of the laws. However, starting in the first year after anti-transgender laws were enacted, there were statistically significant increases in rates of past-year suicide attempts among TGNB young people ages 13–17 in states that enacted anti-transgender laws, relative to states that did not, and for all TGNB young people beginning in the second year. Enacting state-level anti-transgender laws increased incidents of past-year suicide attempts among TGNB young people by 7–72%. Our findings highlight the need to consider the mental health impact of recent anti-transgender laws and to advance protective policies. From 2018 to 2022, 48 anti-transgender laws were enacted in the USA across 19 states. This study shows that these anti-transgender laws increased past-year suicide attempts among transgender and non-binary young people by as much as 72%.","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"8 11","pages":"2096-2106"},"PeriodicalIF":21.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142321122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Conservation efforts can learn from Rwanda’s park expansion and UK rewilding 保护工作可借鉴卢旺达的公园扩建和英国的野化经验

IF 21.4 1区心理学

Nature Human Behaviour Pub Date : 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-024-01999-1

James Munyawera

引用次数: 0

Advocating for equity in higher education 倡导高等教育公平

IF 21.4 1区心理学

Nature Human Behaviour Pub Date : 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-024-02016-1

Asim A. Ditta

引用次数: 0