Nature Human Behaviour最新文献_第9页

Uneven patterns of cross-border media coverage following natural disasters 自然灾害后跨境媒体报道模式不均衡

IF 29.9 1区心理学

Nature Human Behaviour Pub Date : 2026-08-14 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-026-02512-6

Thiemo Fetzer, Prashant Garg

引用次数: 0

Why America’s prisons are shrinking and racial gaps are closing 为什么美国的监狱在缩小，种族差距在缩小

IF 17.5 1区心理学

Nature Human Behaviour Pub Date : 2026-08-14 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-026-02536-y

Jason Robey, Michael Light

{"title":"Why America’s prisons are shrinking and racial gaps are closing","authors":"Jason Robey, Michael Light","doi":"10.1038/s41562-026-02536-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41562-026-02536-y","url":null,"abstract":"Why have incarceration rates and racial disparities fallen in the USA? Using data on recorded crimes, arrests and prison admissions from 2000 to 2019, we decompose declines in imprisonment by race and offence category. Whereas the rise of mass incarceration primarily reflected increased punitiveness in policing and case processing, recent declines in imprisonment for violent and property offences can be attributed almost exclusively to reductions in recorded crime rates, particularly to declines in violence among Black Americans. For drug offences, however, the pattern appears different. There is little evidence of declining drug use. Rather, drug prison admissions appear to have fallen owing to reductions in the likelihood of arrest and imprisonment. For Black individuals arrested for drug-related offences, the probability of imprisonment was cut in half since 2000. Overall, we find clear evidence that the forces that produced mass incarceration differ substantially from those associated with the contraction of America’s carceral state. Robey and Light decompose declines in US imprisonment by race and offence category and find that in most cases, declines in imprisonment and racial disparities are better explained by falling crime rates than changes in arrests or case processing.","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"10 10","pages":"1910-1924"},"PeriodicalIF":17.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148728924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Short- and long-term shifts in food purchasing behaviours and nutrition disparities in the USA during and after the COVID-19 pandemic COVID-19大流行期间和之后美国食品购买行为和营养差异的短期和长期变化

IF 29.9 1区心理学

Nature Human Behaviour Pub Date : 2026-08-14 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-026-02547-9

Guanlan Hu, Wei Lu, David Soberman, Mary R. L’Abbé

{"title":"Short- and long-term shifts in food purchasing behaviours and nutrition disparities in the USA during and after the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"Guanlan Hu, Wei Lu, David Soberman, Mary R. L’Abbé","doi":"10.1038/s41562-026-02547-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-026-02547-9","url":null,"abstract":"The coronavirus 2019 pandemic disrupted food purchasing behaviours, triggering both short- and long-term nutritional shifts. Here, analysing 9,367,550 weekly shopping baskets from over 30,000 US households (2017–2022), combined with county-specific policies and artificial intelligence-enhanced nutrition profiling, we document distinct changes in household food baskets. During the pandemic and lockdowns, households increased spending on less processed foods, but by the post-pandemic period, spending on ultraprocessed foods rose above pre-pandemic levels. This divergence appeared strongly in processing-based measures (NOVA) but less in nutrient-based profiles (Healthy Eating Index and Food Standards Australia New Zealand), underscoring their complementary perspectives on diet quality. The spending gap between socioeconomic groups widened in 2020 but converged post-pandemic, while a new nutrition gap emerged as higher-income households increased spending on less nutritious foods. Categories such as prepared and frozen foods and carbonated beverages showed persistant effects. These findings highlight the pandemic’s uneven, lasting influence on dietary behaviour and the need for policies promoting healthier, more resilient food systems.","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"128 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148728987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cutting a nerve of the hand alters the organization of digit maps in primary somatosensory cortex 切断手的神经会改变初级体感皮层中数字图谱的组织

IF 29.9 1区心理学

Nature Human Behaviour Pub Date : 2026-08-13 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-026-02548-8

Martin Weber, Andrew Marshall, Ronan Timircan, Francis McGlone, Raffaele Tucciarelli, Obi Onyekwelu, Louise Booth, Susan Francis, Michael Asghar, Edwin P. Jesudason, Vivien Lees, Kenneth F. Valyear

{"title":"Cutting a nerve of the hand alters the organization of digit maps in primary somatosensory cortex","authors":"Martin Weber, Andrew Marshall, Ronan Timircan, Francis McGlone, Raffaele Tucciarelli, Obi Onyekwelu, Louise Booth, Susan Francis, Michael Asghar, Edwin P. Jesudason, Vivien Lees, Kenneth F. Valyear","doi":"10.1038/s41562-026-02548-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-026-02548-8","url":null,"abstract":"In non-human primates, forelimb nerve transection and repair alters the otherwise orderly and highly conserved organization of the digit maps in primary somatosensory cortex (S1). These same changes are presumed to occur in humans and to have meaningful implications for patient recovery. Here, using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we map digit responses in 21 patients with surgically repaired hand nerves and 30 controls. In S1 contralateral to the repaired hand, digit map arrangement is systematically altered and response amplitudes are elevated. At the individual level, map organization is more variable and less typical of controls, a pattern that, unexpectedly, is also evident in S1 of the uninjured hand. Our results show that hand nerve repair alters S1 organization in humans, consistent with animal models. These changes probably reflect disordered peripheral inputs following unguided nerve regeneration. The cortical circuitry itself may remain largely stable. The functional relevance of these changes remains uncertain. We find no credible links between altered S1 maps and functional impairments.","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148728928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Distinct neural processes link speech planning and execution 不同的神经过程将语音计划和执行联系起来

IF 29.9 1区心理学

Nature Human Behaviour Pub Date : 2026-08-13 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-026-02546-w

Suseendrakumar Duraivel, Shervin Rahimpour, Katrina Barth, Chia-Han Chiang, Charles Wang, Stephen C. Harward, Shivanand P. Lad, Daniel P. Sexton, Allan H. Friedman, Saurabh R. Sinha, Gregory Hickok, Derek G. Southwell, Jonathan Viventi, Gregory Cogan

{"title":"Distinct neural processes link speech planning and execution","authors":"Suseendrakumar Duraivel, Shervin Rahimpour, Katrina Barth, Chia-Han Chiang, Charles Wang, Stephen C. Harward, Shivanand P. Lad, Daniel P. Sexton, Allan H. Friedman, Saurabh R. Sinha, Gregory Hickok, Derek G. Southwell, Jonathan Viventi, Gregory Cogan","doi":"10.1038/s41562-026-02546-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-026-02546-w","url":null,"abstract":"Speaking is the primary way that humans communicate. This communication is enabled by a production system that can plan and execute unique combinations of speech sounds. Although a distributed network of brain regions has been implicated in speaking, it is unclear how planning and execution of speech are coordinated to produce meaningful sounds. Leveraging the high spatio-temporal resolution of intracranial recordings at different spatial scales, we show distinct neural mechanisms that facilitate speech planning and execution. During planning, different levels of speech units are coded discretely at distinct prefrontal sites. These planned units are then dynamically integrated at various cortical levels to guide subsequent execution. During speech execution, speech motor regions generate continuous sequences that reflect both discrete speech sound units and their transitional properties between units. This rapid neural transition from discrete speech units to motor sequences links speech planning with execution and enables our effortless ability to speak.","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148728927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Homophily in grant evaluations 拨款评估的同质性

IF 17.5 1区心理学

Nature Human Behaviour Pub Date : 2026-08-13 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-026-02554-w

Nicola Fuchs-Schündeln, Felix Holub

{"title":"Homophily in grant evaluations","authors":"Nicola Fuchs-Schündeln, Felix Holub","doi":"10.1038/s41562-026-02554-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41562-026-02554-w","url":null,"abstract":"Funding agencies play a central role in science by awarding grants to researchers. Grant review can be influenced by bias, including preferences for applicants who share reviewers’ gender, country or citizenship. Using 37,073 applications for European Research Council grants with multiple reviews per proposal, we show that reviewers who share an applicant’s country of work or citizenship award higher scores than reviewers with no such match. This effect is strongest when both country and citizenship align. Shared gender increases scores to a smaller extent. Further analyses indicate that these findings are unlikely to be driven by shared tastes or informational advantages. At the panel level, correlational evidence shows that applicants are more likely to advance past the first stage when the chair or more panel members share their country of work or citizenship. Country of work and citizenship may therefore be relevant sources of bias in international grant review. Fuchs-Schündeln and Holub show evidence of a homophily bias in scientific grant application review—evaluators are more favourable to applicants from their own country and, to a lesser extent, of their own gender.","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"10 10","pages":"1943-1952"},"PeriodicalIF":17.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-026-02554-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148728930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Hierarchical resource rationality explains human reading behaviour 层次资源理性解释了人类的阅读行为。

IF 17.5 1区心理学

Nature Human Behaviour Pub Date : 2026-08-10 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-026-02534-0

Yunpeng Bai, Xiaofu Jin, Shengdong Zhao, Antti Oulasvirta

{"title":"Hierarchical resource rationality explains human reading behaviour","authors":"Yunpeng Bai, Xiaofu Jin, Shengdong Zhao, Antti Oulasvirta","doi":"10.1038/s41562-026-02534-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41562-026-02534-0","url":null,"abstract":"Reading is a pervasive and cognitively demanding activity that underpins modern human culture. It is a prime instance of a class of tasks where eye movements are coordinated for the purpose of comprehension. Existing theories explain either eye movements or comprehension during reading, but the critical link between the two remains unclear. Here we propose resource-rational optimization as a unifying control principle governing adaptive reading behaviour. Eye movements are selected to maximize expected comprehension while minimizing cognitive and temporal costs, organized hierarchically across nested time scales: fixation decisions support word recognition; sentence-level integration guides skipping and regression; and text-level comprehension goals shape memory construction and rereading. A computational implementation successfully replicates an unprecedented range of findings in human reading, from lexical effects to comprehension outcomes. Together, these results suggest that resource rationality provides a general mechanism for coordinating perception, memory and action in knowledge-intensive human behaviours, offering a principled account of how complex cognitive skills adapt to limited resources. This work shows that human reading behaviour can be explained as hierarchical resource-rational control, unifying eye movements, memory and comprehension in one computational principle.","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"10 10","pages":"2029-2045"},"PeriodicalIF":17.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-026-02534-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148707121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Human ticklishness is a widespread, culturally shared and bodily organized sensory experience. 人类的挠痒是一种普遍的、文化共享的、身体有组织的感官体验。

IF 17.5 1区心理学

Nature Human Behaviour Pub Date : 2026-08-10 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-026-02535-z

Ziliang Xiong, Konstantina Kilteni

引用次数: 0

Open practices across science, software, education and other domains 科学、软件、教育和其他领域的开放实践。

IF 17.5 1区心理学

Nature Human Behaviour Pub Date : 2026-08-10 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-026-02526-0

John Meluso, Cassandra Chambers, Richard Littauer, Nerea Llamas, Elizabeth Long Lingo, Marlene Mhangami, Beck Pitt, Violetta Splitter, Huajin Wang

{"title":"Open practices across science, software, education and other domains","authors":"John Meluso, Cassandra Chambers, Richard Littauer, Nerea Llamas, Elizabeth Long Lingo, Marlene Mhangami, Beck Pitt, Violetta Splitter, Huajin Wang","doi":"10.1038/s41562-026-02526-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41562-026-02526-0","url":null,"abstract":"Open practices are actions people perform to influence transparency (who can see information), inclusion (who can voice perspectives) and decision rights (who can make decisions). Open practices have grown popular across domains, including open science, open-source software and open education, in hopes of spurring innovation and broadening participation. But which open practices best enable groups and organizations to achieve these ambitious goals, and why? This Perspective distils seven successful practices from across these domains that can help groups to define goals, allocate power, share information and set norms. These practices, such as documenting power structures and adopting a code of conduct, hold potential to support groups and organizations seeking to address great challenges through openness. However, delivering on that potential will depend on how well groups share lessons across domains, tailor these practices and sustain the people and platforms that carry them. Open practices have grown in popularity across domains, such as open science and open-source software. However, these domains have remained siloed. Meluso et al. develop a common definition and implementation guidance to support the use of open practices across diverse fields.","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"10 10","pages":"1871-1883"},"PeriodicalIF":17.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-026-02526-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148707244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reassurance through normalization inadvertently suppresses treatment 正常化带来的安慰无意中抑制了治疗。

IF 17.5 1区心理学

Nature Human Behaviour Pub Date : 2026-08-10 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-026-02542-0

Seyi Lawal, Brianna Chew, On Amir

{"title":"Reassurance through normalization inadvertently suppresses treatment","authors":"Seyi Lawal, Brianna Chew, On Amir","doi":"10.1038/s41562-026-02542-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41562-026-02542-0","url":null,"abstract":"One way in which healthcare providers communicate reassurance is by informing patients when their symptoms are normal, either for a particular life stage (for example, menopause) or health context (for example, postprocedural pain). Although reassurance aims to reduce anxiety and bolster self-efficacy, which are factors that generally facilitate action, our results suggest that normalization can paradoxically have the opposite effect, reducing people’s inclination to pursue treatment. A total of 14 studies (n = 9,371) document this phenomenon, including when and why it occurs. Here we find that normalization triggers a reappraisal of treatment norms, where people infer that their healthcare provider is normalizing their symptoms to communicate that treatment is not warranted. As this is typically not providers’ intention, we also identify communication strategies to overcome this faulty inference. While these experiments demonstrate a consistent effect across many samples, they should be interpreted in light of the experiments being conducted online, rather than in a clinical setting. Across 14 studies, the authors show that when clinical providers offer reassurance through normalization, this can have paradoxical effects on patients, reducing their inclination to pursue treatment.","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"10 10","pages":"1981-1993"},"PeriodicalIF":17.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148707196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0