Nature Human Behaviour最新文献_第8页

Quantifying the prevalence and impact of overreaching causal claims in social science. 量化社会科学中过度因果主张的普遍性和影响。

IF 17.5 1区心理学

Nature Human Behaviour Pub Date : 2026-08-24 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-026-02553-x

Calvin Isch, Timothy Dörr, Neil Fasching, Grace Jennings, Duncan J Watts

{"title":"Quantifying the prevalence and impact of overreaching causal claims in social science.","authors":"Calvin Isch, Timothy Dörr, Neil Fasching, Grace Jennings, Duncan J Watts","doi":"10.1038/s41562-026-02553-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41562-026-02553-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Across the social sciences, many studies use cross-sectional designs that reveal associations but are generally unable to support direct causal claims, yet authors of such articles may make or imply causal claims anyway. Here, to examine the prevalence of such 'overreaching' causal language, we analysed 194,631 cross-sectional articles using large language models. Over the period 1980-2024, an average of 46% of articles contained causal language in their titles or abstracts, where the annual rate has risen almost threefold since 2000 from 20% to 60%. To examine the effects of such language, we conducted a human-subjects experiment (N = 1, 105), finding that readers frequently indicate abstracts with this phrasing provide causal evidence but that methodological labels (β = -0.4, 95% confidence interval -0.56 to -0.19) and associational wording (β = -0.3, 95% confidence interval -0.43 to -0.07) reduce this tendency. Experiments with five LLMs revealed that model summaries of these articles (N = 100 each) can amplify causal overstatement, removing hedges and introducing causal claims where articles used strictly associational phrasing; however, prompting caution diminishes this pattern.</p>","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148813662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Large language models do not have emotions 大型语言模型没有情感。

IF 17.5 1区心理学

Nature Human Behaviour Pub Date : 2026-08-24 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-026-02558-6

Amit Goldenberg, James J. Gross

引用次数: 0

AI writing assistants shrink linguistic diversity and blur personal identity 人工智能写作助手缩小了语言多样性，模糊了个人身份。

IF 17.5 1区心理学

Nature Human Behaviour Pub Date : 2026-08-24 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-026-02549-7

引用次数: 0

A quasi-experimental study of abortion rates following gestational age limit changes in Japan 日本胎龄限制变化后堕胎率的准实验研究

IF 17.5 1区心理学

Nature Human Behaviour Pub Date : 2026-08-20 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-026-02531-3

Yuko Yanagawa, Aurelie Piedvache, Yusuke Okubo, Naho Morisaki

{"title":"A quasi-experimental study of abortion rates following gestational age limit changes in Japan","authors":"Yuko Yanagawa, Aurelie Piedvache, Yusuke Okubo, Naho Morisaki","doi":"10.1038/s41562-026-02531-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41562-026-02531-3","url":null,"abstract":"The relationship between of legislative changes in abortion regulations on women’s decision-making remains understudied. In 1991, Japan reduced the gestational limit for abortion from 24 to 22 weeks of pregnancy. Here, using national data on abortions, stillbirths and live births at ≥12 weeks from 1989 to 1994 (n = 7,364,783), we examined the association of the change with abortion incidence rate and cumulative incidence between 12 and 27 weeks using quasi-experimental interrupted time-series and regression discontinuity analyses. After the change, incidence rates increased at 20 weeks (incidence rate ratio (IRR) 1.28, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.15–1.43) and 21 weeks (IRR 1.33, 95% CI, 1.18–1.50), while decreasing at 22 weeks (IRR 0.25, 95% CI, 0.21–0.30, P < 0.001) and 23 weeks (IRR 0.07, 95% CI, 0.06–0.10, P < 0.001), and no meaningful changes for ≤19 or ≥24 weeks. Cumulative incidence decreased only for women at 19–23 weeks. In conclusion, the legislative change shifted abortions to earlier gestational ages, and was associated with fewer abortions among women who had reached 19th week of pregnancy. Using a quasi-experimental approach to national data from 1989 to 1994 in Japan, Yanagawa et al. find that a gestational limit change was associated with a shift to earlier abortions just below the new limit.","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"10 10","pages":"1994-2001"},"PeriodicalIF":17.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148769123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

IF 17.5 1区心理学

Nature Human Behaviour Pub Date : 2026-08-18 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-026-02555-9

引用次数: 0

How speech plans become spoken sequences. 语音计划如何变成语音序列。

IF 17.5 1区心理学

Nature Human Behaviour Pub Date : 2026-08-18 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-026-02545-x

引用次数: 0

An agenda for real-world fairness research to inform policy and organizations 现实世界公平研究议程，为政策和组织提供信息。

IF 17.5 1区心理学

Nature Human Behaviour Pub Date : 2026-08-17 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-026-02557-7

Ernst Fehr, Keyu Wu

{"title":"An agenda for real-world fairness research to inform policy and organizations","authors":"Ernst Fehr, Keyu Wu","doi":"10.1038/s41562-026-02557-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41562-026-02557-7","url":null,"abstract":"Fairness concerns shape how people judge wages, institutions, taxes, transfers and social conflict. Decades of research show that people care not only about their own outcomes but also about how outcomes are distributed across others. The key question is now how these concerns operate outside simple laboratory settings, in real social and institutional environments. We argue that fairness concerns are shaped by comparison groups, beliefs about what outcomes are deserved, social norms, early-life experience and the institutions that make some comparisons more visible than others. This means that policies and organizations do not merely respond to fairness preferences; they can also activate, redirect and reshape them. Progress requires methods that connect experiments with field data, institutional variation and richer measures of how people evaluate whole income distributions. Such work can improve the design of workplaces, welfare policies and public institutions that are both effective and seen as legitimate. In this Perspective, Fehr and Wu argue that applying fairness research to markets, organizations and public policy requires solving fundamental unresolved questions about how fairness concerns are activated, shaped and measured. They propose a research agenda to address these challenges.","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"10 9","pages":"1635-1644"},"PeriodicalIF":17.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148796019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Neural dynamics underlying minute-timescale persistent behaviour in the human brain 人脑中分钟级持续行为背后的神经动力学

IF 29.9 1区心理学

Nature Human Behaviour Pub Date : 2026-08-17 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-026-02537-x

Hristos S. Courellis, Michael Kyzar, Juri Minxha, Araceli R. Cardenas, Taufik A. Valiante, Adam N. Mamelak, Ralph Adolphs, Ueli Rutishauser

{"title":"Neural dynamics underlying minute-timescale persistent behaviour in the human brain","authors":"Hristos S. Courellis, Michael Kyzar, Juri Minxha, Araceli R. Cardenas, Taufik A. Valiante, Adam N. Mamelak, Ralph Adolphs, Ueli Rutishauser","doi":"10.1038/s41562-026-02537-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-026-02537-x","url":null,"abstract":"Pursuing longer-term goals relies on representations of task context that can be maintained over long periods of time and switched flexibly when goals change. Little is known about the neural substrate for maintaining context representations on the minute-timescale on which human behaviour frequently persists. Utilizing recordings in neurosurgical patients (total n = 25), we examined how neurons in the human medial frontal cortex and hippocampus persistently represent context. When cued explicitly, context was encoded in both brain areas and changed rapidly at task boundaries. The hippocampus exhibited a temporally dynamic code with fast decorrelation over time, preventing cross-temporal generalization. Medial frontal cortex exhibited a static code that decorrelated slowly, allowing generalization across time. When context needed to be inferred as a latent variable, the hippocampus encoded context with a static code. These findings reveal two formats for encoding minute-timescale context representations that were differentially engaged based on task demands.","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"116 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148769311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Parental haplotype reconstruction in up to 440,209 UK and Estonian individuals reveals recent assortative mating dynamics 多达440209英国和爱沙尼亚个体的亲本单倍型重建揭示了最近的分类交配动态

IF 29.9 1区心理学

Nature Human Behaviour Pub Date : 2026-08-17 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-026-02556-8

Robin J. Hofmeister, Davide Marnetto, Théo Cavinato, Leona Knüsel, Giorgia Modenini, Erwan Pennarun, Estonian Biobank Research Team, Nicola Barban, Reedik Mägi, Tabea Schoeler, Luca Pagani, Zoltán Kutalik

{"title":"Parental haplotype reconstruction in up to 440,209 UK and Estonian individuals reveals recent assortative mating dynamics","authors":"Robin J. Hofmeister, Davide Marnetto, Théo Cavinato, Leona Knüsel, Giorgia Modenini, Erwan Pennarun, Estonian Biobank Research Team, Nicola Barban, Reedik Mägi, Tabea Schoeler, Luca Pagani, Zoltán Kutalik","doi":"10.1038/s41562-026-02556-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-026-02556-8","url":null,"abstract":"Assortative mating (AM), the tendency to choose partners with similar traits, contributes to the genetic architecture of human traits. Detecting its genetic footprint (genetic AM) requires either genotyped couples or detection of gametic phase disequilibrium (which is insensitive to recent changes). We introduce an inter-chromosomal phasing approach that reconstructs parental haplotypes from close relatives and correlates maternally and paternally inherited polygenic scores to provide estimates enriched for recent AM. Applied to 69 traits in 245,884 UK Biobank and 194,325 Estonian Biobank individuals, our approach showed concordance with mate-pair-based estimates comparable to or better than existing approaches, significantly outperforming them in the Estonian Biobank (through-origin r2 = 0.638 versus 0.479, P = 0.005) and performing comparably in the UK Biobank (r2 = 0.737 versus 0.731). We identified genetic AM for traits such as height, education, overall health and time spent watching TV, with assortment for height and education accelerating in recent generations (for example, θHAP = 0.041 (0.034–0.048) versus 0.015 (0.007–0.024) for height in post-1980 versus pre-1960 Estonian Biobank cohorts).","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148769310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Voluntary attention regulates acute immune responses in humans 自愿注意调节人类的急性免疫反应

IF 29.9 1区心理学

Nature Human Behaviour Pub Date : 2026-08-17 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-026-02541-1

Nofar Mizrachi, Menachem Rottem, Liron Rozenkrantz

{"title":"Voluntary attention regulates acute immune responses in humans","authors":"Nofar Mizrachi, Menachem Rottem, Liron Rozenkrantz","doi":"10.1038/s41562-026-02541-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-026-02541-1","url":null,"abstract":"Attention is a central mechanism for prioritizing and shaping sensory information. For example, directing attention away from injury reduces perceived pain. Whether such cognitive modulation extends to downstream biological processes has remained unknown. Here, across three pre-registered within-subjects experiments using acute skin inflammation as a model system, we show that directing attention towards bodily sensations, compared to attentional distraction, produces markedly more regulated immune responses, with distinct temporal dynamics. This effect was highly consistent (~90% of participants across two independent cohorts) and substantial, with ~1.5-fold smaller responses under internal attention. Mechanistically, two complementary pathways emerged: a sensory-dependent route, in which attentional modulation of identical input scaled inflammatory magnitude, and a top-down route engaging parasympathetic vagal activity. These results establish attention as a cognitive mechanism capable of regulating immune function in vivo. Situated within predictive and allostatic models of brain–body control, our results reframe perception as biologically consequential rather than merely experiential.","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148769356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0