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Timing matters in olfaction 嗅觉中的时间问题
IF 29.9 1区 心理学
Nature Human Behaviour Pub Date : 2024-10-14 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-024-02008-1
Saeed Karimimehr, Dmitry Rinberg
{"title":"Timing matters in olfaction","authors":"Saeed Karimimehr, Dmitry Rinberg","doi":"10.1038/s41562-024-02008-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-024-02008-1","url":null,"abstract":"Our ears are known for their ability to detect fine temporal features of sound. But what about our sense of smell? Yuli Wu and colleagues have discovered that humans can discriminate between odour sequences with an impressive temporal precision of 120 ms, which reveals an unprecedented temporal sensitivity in human olfaction.","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142431679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A soccer-based intervention improves incarcerated individuals’ behaviour and public acceptance through group bonding 以足球为基础的干预措施通过群体联谊改善了被监禁者的行为和公众认可度
IF 29.9 1区 心理学
Nature Human Behaviour Pub Date : 2024-10-14 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-024-02006-3
Martha Newson, Linus Peitz, Jack Cunliffe, Harvey Whitehouse
{"title":"A soccer-based intervention improves incarcerated individuals’ behaviour and public acceptance through group bonding","authors":"Martha Newson, Linus Peitz, Jack Cunliffe, Harvey Whitehouse","doi":"10.1038/s41562-024-02006-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-024-02006-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>As incarceration rates rise globally, the need to reduce re-offending grows increasingly urgent. We investigate whether positive group bonds can improve behaviours among incarcerated people via a unique soccer-based prison intervention, the Twinning Project. We analyse effects of participation compared to a control group (study 1, <i>n</i> = 676, <i>n</i> = 1,874 control cases) and longitudinal patterns of social cohesion underlying these effects (study 2, <i>n</i> = 388) in the United Kingdom. We also explore desistance from crime after release (study 3, <i>n</i> = 249) in the United Kingdom and the United States. As law-abiding behaviour also requires a supportive receiving community, we assessed factors influencing willingness to employ formerly incarcerated people in online samples in the United Kingdom and the United States (studies 4–9, <i>n</i> = 1,797). Results indicate that social bonding relates to both improved behaviour within prison and increased willingness of receiving communities to support re-integration efforts. Harnessing the power of group identities both within prison and receiving communities can help to address the global incarceration crisis.</p>","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"83 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142431680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Quantifying the use and potential benefits of artificial intelligence in scientific research 量化人工智能在科学研究中的应用和潜在效益
IF 29.9 1区 心理学
Nature Human Behaviour Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-024-02020-5
Jian Gao, Dashun Wang
{"title":"Quantifying the use and potential benefits of artificial intelligence in scientific research","authors":"Jian Gao, Dashun Wang","doi":"10.1038/s41562-024-02020-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-024-02020-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) is poised to reshape almost every line of work. Despite enormous efforts devoted to understanding AI’s economic impacts, we lack a systematic understanding of the benefits to scientific research associated with the use of AI. Here we develop a measurement framework to estimate the direct use of AI and associated benefits in science. We find that the use and benefits of AI appear widespread throughout the sciences, growing especially rapidly since 2015. However, there is a substantial gap between AI education and its application in research, highlighting a misalignment between AI expertise supply and demand. Our analysis also reveals demographic disparities, with disciplines with higher proportions of women or Black scientists reaping fewer benefits from AI, potentially exacerbating existing inequalities in science. These findings have implications for the equity and sustainability of the research enterprise, especially as the integration of AI with science continues to deepen.</p>","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142404914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Maternal adiposity and perinatal and offspring outcomes: an umbrella review 孕产妇肥胖与围产期和后代结局：综述
IF 29.9 1区 心理学
Nature Human Behaviour Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-024-01994-6
Ziyi Yang, Gengchen Feng, Xueying Gao, Xueqi Yan, Yimeng Li, Yuteng Wang, Shumin Li, Yonghui Jiang, Shigang Zhao, Han Zhao, Zi-Jiang Chen
{"title":"Maternal adiposity and perinatal and offspring outcomes: an umbrella review","authors":"Ziyi Yang, Gengchen Feng, Xueying Gao, Xueqi Yan, Yimeng Li, Yuteng Wang, Shumin Li, Yonghui Jiang, Shigang Zhao, Han Zhao, Zi-Jiang Chen","doi":"10.1038/s41562-024-01994-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-024-01994-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Maternal adiposity deleteriously affects obstetrical health and has been associated with long-term adverse consequences in offspring. Here we conducted an umbrella review encompassing 194 observational meta-analyses, 10 Mendelian randomization studies and 748 interventional meta-analyses to appraise the published evidence on the associations between maternal adiposity and perinatal and offspring outcomes. Evidence grading suggested that 17 (8.8%) observational meta-analyses were supported by convincing evidence for 12 outcomes: maternal adiposity was associated with an increased risk of caesarean delivery following labour induction, infant mortality, Apgar score &lt;7 at 1 min, antenatal depression, offspring overweight and obesity, early timing of puberty onset in daughters, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, cerebral palsy, congenital heart disease and spina bifida (OR/RR ranging from 1.14 to 2.31), as well as increased offspring body fat percent and fat mass (SMD 0.31 and 0.35, respectively). Among these outcomes, interventional meta-analyses supported that maternal weight loss interventions significantly reduced the risk of antenatal depression but not low Apgar scores; these interventions also could not reduce offspring fat mass or body fat percent. Evidence from Mendelian randomization studies supported a causal relationship between maternal adiposity and gestational diabetes mellitus, preeclampsia, birth size and offspring adiposity. Our findings highlight that while observational meta-analyses reveal associations between maternal adiposity and various adverse perinatal and offspring outcomes, convincing, unbiased evidence or support from Mendelian randomization studies is limited. Maternal pre-conceptional and prenatal weight loss interventions can reduce some, but not all, of these adverse effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142404913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Exposure to detectable inaccuracies makes children more diligent fact-checkers of novel claims 接触到可察觉的不准确之处，会让儿童更勤于对新奇的说法进行事实核查
IF 29.9 1区 心理学
Nature Human Behaviour Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-024-01992-8
Evan Orticio, Martin Meyer, Celeste Kidd
{"title":"Exposure to detectable inaccuracies makes children more diligent fact-checkers of novel claims","authors":"Evan Orticio, Martin Meyer, Celeste Kidd","doi":"10.1038/s41562-024-01992-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-024-01992-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>How do children decide when to believe a claim? Here we show that children fact-check claims more and are better able to catch misinformation when they have been exposed to detectable inaccuracies. In two experiments (<i>N</i> = 122), 4–7-year-old children exposed to falsity (as opposed to all true information) sampled more evidence before verifying a test claim in a novel domain. Children’s evidentiary standards were graded: fact-checking increased with higher proportions of false statements heard during exposure. A simulation suggests that children’s behaviour is adaptive, because increased fact-checking in more dubious environments supports the discovery of potential misinformation. Importantly, children were least diligent at fact-checking a new claim when all prior information was true, suggesting that sanitizing children’s informational environments may inadvertently dampen their natural scepticism. Instead, these findings support the counterintuitive possibility that exposing children to some nonsense may scaffold vigilance towards more subtle misinformation in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142397742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Misinformation research needs ecological validity 误导研究需要生态有效性
IF 29.9 1区 心理学
Nature Human Behaviour Pub Date : 2024-10-07 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-024-02015-2
James Crum, Cara Spencer, Emily Doherty, Erin Richardson, Sage Sherman, Amy W. Hays, Nitesh Saxena, Richard E. Niemeyer, Allison P. Anderson, Marta Čeko, Leanne Hirshfield
{"title":"Misinformation research needs ecological validity","authors":"James Crum, Cara Spencer, Emily Doherty, Erin Richardson, Sage Sherman, Amy W. Hays, Nitesh Saxena, Richard E. Niemeyer, Allison P. Anderson, Marta Čeko, Leanne Hirshfield","doi":"10.1038/s41562-024-02015-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-024-02015-2","url":null,"abstract":"How misinformation affects cognition and behaviour is of increasing interest. Research has identified predictors of susceptibility, but how they play out during real-world behaviour remains unclear. We urge misinformation neuroscience researchers to prioritize ecological validity by collecting data across the ecological spectrum.","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142383592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A systematic review and network meta-analysis of population-level interventions to tackle smoking behaviour 针对吸烟行为的人群干预措施的系统回顾和网络荟萃分析
IF 29.9 1区 心理学
Nature Human Behaviour Pub Date : 2024-10-07 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-024-02002-7
Shamima Akter, Md. Mizanur Rahman, Thomas Rouyard, Sarmin Aktar, Raïssa Shiyghan Nsashiyi, Ryota Nakamura
{"title":"A systematic review and network meta-analysis of population-level interventions to tackle smoking behaviour","authors":"Shamima Akter, Md. Mizanur Rahman, Thomas Rouyard, Sarmin Aktar, Raïssa Shiyghan Nsashiyi, Ryota Nakamura","doi":"10.1038/s41562-024-02002-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-024-02002-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This preregistered systematic review and meta-analysis (PROSPERO: CRD 42022311392) aimed to synthesize the effectiveness of all available population-level tobacco policies on smoking behaviour. Our search across 5 databases and leading organizational websites resulted in 9,925 records, with 476 studies meeting our inclusion criteria. In our narrative summary and both pairwise and network meta-analyses, we identified anti-smoking campaigns, health warnings and tax increases as the most effective tobacco policies for promoting smoking cessation. Flavour bans and free/discounted nicotine replacement therapy also showed statistically significant positive effects on quit rates. The network meta-analysis results further indicated that smoking bans, anti-tobacco campaigns and tax increases effectively reduced smoking prevalence. In addition, flavour bans significantly reduced e-cigarette consumption. Both the narrative summary and the meta-analyses revealed that smoking bans, tax increases and anti-tobacco campaigns were associated with reductions in tobacco consumption and sales. On the basis of the available evidence, anti-tobacco campaigns, smoking bans, health warnings and tax increases are probably the most effective policies for curbing smoking behaviour.</p>","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142383593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A signal-detection framework for misinformation interventions 错误信息干预的信号检测框架
IF 29.9 1区 心理学
Nature Human Behaviour Pub Date : 2024-10-07 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-024-02021-4
Bertram Gawronski, Lea S. Nahon, Nyx L. Ng
{"title":"A signal-detection framework for misinformation interventions","authors":"Bertram Gawronski, Lea S. Nahon, Nyx L. Ng","doi":"10.1038/s41562-024-02021-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-024-02021-4","url":null,"abstract":"We propose a conceptual framework for misinformation interventions based on signal detection theory. We highlight that different factors can lead people to fall for misinformation and call for interventions to be tailored to these factors.","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142383598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Gender rating gap in online reviews 在线评论中的性别评级差距
IF 29.9 1区 心理学
Nature Human Behaviour Pub Date : 2024-10-07 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-024-02003-6
Andreas Bayerl, Yaniv Dover, Hila Riemer, Daniel Shapira
{"title":"Gender rating gap in online reviews","authors":"Andreas Bayerl, Yaniv Dover, Hila Riemer, Daniel Shapira","doi":"10.1038/s41562-024-02003-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-024-02003-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Although online reviews are used by many people to make decisions, these reviews may be biased. On the basis of 1.2 billion observations across five leading online review platforms and two lab studies (<i>n</i> = 1,172 and <i>n</i> = 1,165; US respondents fluent in English), we provide evidence for a consistent and systematic gender rating gap: women’s mean online review ratings are significantly more favourable than men’s. We suggest that although men and women, on average, generally do not differ in their ‘real’ attitudes, their ratings do differ when it comes to online reviews. Our lab studies revealed that such differences are due to gender differences in the propensity to share negative attitudes online, possibly due to women’s greater concern about social consequences. Our findings highlight the need for societal change to create conditions in which people, particularly women, feel comfortable publicly expressing genuine attitudes, especially in cases of dissatisfaction, without being concerned about the consequences.</p>","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142383594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Underrepresented minority faculty in the USA face a double standard in promotion and tenure decisions 美国少数族裔教师在晋升和终身教职决定中面临双重标准
IF 29.9 1区 心理学
Nature Human Behaviour Pub Date : 2024-10-04 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-024-01977-7
Theodore Masters-Waage, Christiane Spitzmueller, Ebenezer Edema-Sillo, Ally St. Aubin, Michelle Penn-Marshall, Erika Henderson, Peggy Lindner, Cynthia Werner, Tracey Rizzuto, Juan Madera
{"title":"Underrepresented minority faculty in the USA face a double standard in promotion and tenure decisions","authors":"Theodore Masters-Waage, Christiane Spitzmueller, Ebenezer Edema-Sillo, Ally St. Aubin, Michelle Penn-Marshall, Erika Henderson, Peggy Lindner, Cynthia Werner, Tracey Rizzuto, Juan Madera","doi":"10.1038/s41562-024-01977-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-024-01977-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Underrepresented minority (URM) faculty face challenges in many domains of academia, from university admissions to grant applications. We examine whether this translates to promotion and tenure (P&amp;T) decisions. Data from five US universities on 1,571 faculty members’ P&amp;T decisions show that URM faculty received 7% more negative votes and were 44% less likely to receive unanimous votes from P&amp;T committees. A double standard in how scholarly productivity is rewarded is also observed, with below-average <i>h</i>-indexes being judged more harshly for URM faculty than for non-URM faculty. This relationship is amplified for faculty with intersectional backgrounds, especially URM women. The differential treatment of URM women was mitigated when external reviewers highlighted candidates’ scholarship more in their review letters. In sum, the results support the double standard hypothesis and provide evidence that different outcomes in P&amp;T decision-making processes contribute to the sustained underrepresentation of URM faculty in tenured faculty positions.</p>","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142370042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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