Moh Hosseinioun, Frank Neffke, Letian Zhang, Hyejin Youn
{"title":"Skill dependencies uncover nested human capital","authors":"Moh Hosseinioun, Frank Neffke, Letian Zhang, Hyejin Youn","doi":"10.1038/s41562-024-02093-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-024-02093-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Modern economies require increasingly diverse and specialized skills, many of which depend on the acquisition of other skills first. Here we analyse US survey data to reveal a nested structure within skill portfolios, where the direction of dependency is inferred from asymmetrical conditional probabilities—occupations require one skill conditional on another. This directional nature suggests that advanced, specific skills and knowledge are often built upon broader, fundamental ones. We examine 70 million job transitions to show that human capital development and career progression follow this structured pathway in which skills more aligned with the nested structure command higher wage premiums, require longer education and are less likely to be automated. These disparities are evident across genders and racial/ethnic groups, explaining long-term wage penalties. Finally, we find that this nested structure has become even more pronounced over the past two decades, indicating increased barriers to upward job mobility.</p>","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143477668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
James A. Brissenden, Yitong Yin, Michael Vesia, Taraz G. Lee
{"title":"Errors of attention adaptively warp spatial cognition","authors":"James A. Brissenden, Yitong Yin, Michael Vesia, Taraz G. Lee","doi":"10.1038/s41562-025-02109-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-025-02109-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Adaptation is the process by which we adjust internal models of the body, world and mind in response to sensory feedback. Although adaptation is studied extensively in the context of motor control, there is limited evidence that cognitive functions such as working memory are subject to the same error-driven adaptive control mechanism. To examine the possibility that internal spatial representations undergo adaptation, we had participants perform a task that interleaved a perceptual discrimination task and a spatial working memory task. Perceptual discrimination trials (85% of trials) presented an initial peripheral cue to exogenously capture attention, immediately followed by a displaced target stimulus. This sequence of events served to repeatedly induce a covert attentional allocation error. Interleaved spatial working memory trials (15% of trials) presented a stimulus at a pseudorandom peripheral location followed by a delay interval. On half of the working memory trials, the stimulus was surreptitiously presented at the same location as the initial attentional cue. We found that as attentional errors accumulated over the course of the experiment, participants’ spatial recall shifted to counteract the attentional error. The magnitude of this shift was proportional to the number of induced errors. Recall performance recovered rapidly following the offset of error trials. Multiple control experiments ruled out alternative explanations for these results, such as oculomotor confounds and attentional biases unrelated to error. These findings indicate that the computational mechanisms governing the adaptation of motor commands appear to similarly serve to adjust and calibrate spatial cognition.</p>","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143477664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Skill dependencies underlie career paths and have societal implications","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s41562-024-02094-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-024-02094-1","url":null,"abstract":"A framework to understand the labour market reveals a nested hierarchical architecture in human capital in which specific knowledge and skills are contingent upon foundational, general skills and knowledge. This nested skill structure provides a new perspective on wage premiums and persistent wage disparity observed across different demographic groups.","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143477662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"What cities can learn from the brain","authors":"Robin Mazumder","doi":"10.1038/s41562-025-02128-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-025-02128-2","url":null,"abstract":"Given its ability to manage a multitude of functions in support of survival, the dynamics and organization of the brain offer the city — another confluence of structures and processes — lessons for urban design. I propose the concept of ‘neuromimicry’ as a way of exploring the potential application of these lessons.","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143462142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Spotting false news and doubting true news: a systematic review and meta-analysis of news judgements","authors":"Jan Pfänder, Sacha Altay","doi":"10.1038/s41562-024-02086-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-024-02086-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>How good are people at judging the veracity of news? We conducted a systematic literature review and pre-registered meta-analysis of 303 effect sizes from 67 experimental articles evaluating accuracy ratings of true and fact-checked false news (<i>N</i><sub>Participants</sub> = 194,438 from 40 countries across 6 continents). We found that people rated true news as more accurate than false news (Cohen’s <i>d</i> = 1.12 [1.01, 1.22]) and were better at rating false news as false than at rating true news as true (Cohen’s <i>d</i> = 0.32 [0.24, 0.39]). In other words, participants were able to discern true from false news and erred on the side of skepticism rather than credulity. We found no evidence that the political concordance of the news had an effect on discernment, but participants were more skeptical of politically discordant news (Cohen’s <i>d</i> = 0.78 [0.62, 0.94]). These findings lend support to crowdsourced fact-checking initiatives and suggest that, to improve discernment, there is more room to increase the acceptance of true news than to reduce the acceptance of fact-checked false news.</p>","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143462143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A framework for understanding adverse adolescent experiences","authors":"A. Pollmann, K. E. Bates, D. Fuhrmann","doi":"10.1038/s41562-024-02098-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41562-024-02098-x","url":null,"abstract":"Adolescence (ages 10–24) is characterized by cognitive, behavioural and social development. Childhood environments are typically centred on home and care settings, whereas adolescents increasingly engage with peer and community environments. These changing environments confer risks of experiencing specific adversities at different ages. Despite the unique characteristics of adversities in adolescence and potential associations with lifespan outcomes, few frameworks exist to systematize adversities in adolescents. Here we review current research and propose an approach specific to this developmental period: the adverse adolescent experiences (AAEs) framework. Building on existing models (for example, the adverse childhood experiences framework), the AAEs focus on potentially traumatizing experiences during adolescence. The framework builds on Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory to conceptualize adversities at intrapersonal, interpersonal, community and societal levels. We argue that this approach can enhance our understanding of adolescent adversity, facilitate the study of its potential effects, and guide prevention and intervention efforts. Adolescence (ages 10–24) is characterized by cognitive, behavioural and social development. This Review proposes the adverse adolescent experiences (AAEs) framework to categorize and examine potentially traumatizing experiences during this developmental period.","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"9 3","pages":"450-463"},"PeriodicalIF":21.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143451837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Radical reform is needed to combat power abuses in academia","authors":"Zacharias Roupas","doi":"10.1038/s41562-025-02127-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41562-025-02127-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"9 3","pages":"424-424"},"PeriodicalIF":21.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143451836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fengli Xu, Qi Wang, Esteban Moro, Lin Chen, Arianna Salazar Miranda, Marta C. González, Michele Tizzoni, Chaoming Song, Carlo Ratti, Luis Bettencourt, Yong Li, James Evans
{"title":"Using human mobility data to quantify experienced urban inequalities","authors":"Fengli Xu, Qi Wang, Esteban Moro, Lin Chen, Arianna Salazar Miranda, Marta C. González, Michele Tizzoni, Chaoming Song, Carlo Ratti, Luis Bettencourt, Yong Li, James Evans","doi":"10.1038/s41562-024-02079-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-024-02079-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The lived experience of urban life is shaped by personal mobility through dynamic relationships and resources, marked not only by access and opportunity, but also inequality and segregation. The recent availability of fine-grained mobility data and context attributes ranging from venue type to demographic mixture offer researchers a deeper understanding of experienced inequalities at scale, and pose many new questions. Here we review emerging uses of urban mobility behaviour data, and propose an analytic framework to represent mobility patterns as a temporal bipartite network between people and places. As this network reconfigures over time, analysts can track experienced inequality along three critical dimensions: social mixing with others from specific demographic backgrounds, access to different types of facilities, and spontaneous adaptation to unexpected events, such as epidemics, conflicts or disasters. This framework traces the dynamic, lived experiences of urban inequality and complements prior work on static inequalities experience at home and work.</p>","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143426984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A call for precision in the study of behaviour and decision","authors":"Dario Krpan, Barbara Fasolo, Luc Schneider","doi":"10.1038/s41562-025-02111-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41562-025-02111-x","url":null,"abstract":"By definition, behavioural and decision scientists study behaviour and decision — but they rarely define these concepts, which results in divergent interpretations across studies. Researchers should give precise definitions of these concepts to enhance theoretical understanding and develop more effective and ethical interventions.","PeriodicalId":19074,"journal":{"name":"Nature Human Behaviour","volume":"9 3","pages":"433-436"},"PeriodicalIF":21.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143077006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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