Behavioral Sciences最新文献

{"title":"A Study of Differences in Enjoyment, Exercise Commitment, and Intention to Continue Participation Among Age Groups of Adult Amateur Golfers.","authors":"Hye Jin Yang, Ji-Hye Yang, Chulhwan Choi, Chul-Ho Bum","doi":"10.3390/bs15030398","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bs15030398","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Golf is one of the leisure sports that offers various benefits and has become a popular public sport with participation from people of various age groups. A total of 262 questionnaires were distributed online, with 240 valid responses collected after excluding 22 with non-responses or partial answers. The results showed statistically significant differences in enjoyment by age group, except for recognition from others. Regarding physical health, those in their 60s and above had higher mean scores than other age groups, and those in their 50s scored higher than those in their 30s. Stress relief was greater among those in their 50s than among those in their 20s and 30s, while socialization was higher among those in their 50s than in their 20s. However, for skill improvement, participants in their 20s scored higher than those in their 50s and 60s and above. Exercise commitment and intention to continue participation also varied significantly by age group, with older participants generally scoring higher. In conclusion, the results of this study revealed significant differences in psychological factors among the age groups. Specifically, amateur golfers aged 50 and above showed higher mean scores in all variables compared to younger groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":8742,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11939378/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143727690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Emotional Design on Multimedia Learning Outcomes: The Moderating Role of Task Difficulty.","authors":"Zhihong Liu, Zhenhong Wang","doi":"10.3390/bs15030397","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bs15030397","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Previous studies have demonstrated that emotional design can enhance multimedia learning outcomes. However, it is unknown whether task difficulty moderates the effect of emotional design on multimedia learning outcomes. This study aimed to explore this issue with the emotional design of multimedia learning materials in middle school mathematics probability knowledge learning. A 2 (emotional design vs. neutral design) × 3 (low, medium, and high task difficulty) between-subjects design was used to examine how emotional design affects multimedia learning outcomes in 180 middle school students under different levels of task difficulty. The results showed that the emotional design significantly elicited positive emotions among learners. Emotional design significantly only enhanced multimedia learning outcomes under medium-task-difficulty conditions (<i>p</i> < 0.001, <i>η_p</i>² = 0.09), but not under low- and high-task-difficulty conditions. These findings suggest that task difficulty is a crucial moderator of the effect of emotional design on multimedia learning outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":8742,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11939454/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143727456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outcome Expectations on Physical Activity: The Roles of Body Appreciation and Health Status.","authors":"Nanbo Wang, Qingli Guan, Zihan Yin, Song Zhou, Wenbo Zhou","doi":"10.3390/bs15030394","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bs15030394","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although the research has demonstrated that outcome expectations influence physical activity, the precise underlying mechanisms remain ambiguous. Therefore, this study employed a cross-sectional research design to investigate the effect of outcome expectations on physical activity and to examine the roles of body appreciation and health status. A total of 1349 participants (<i>M</i>_age = 19.42, <i>SD</i> = 1.51; 410 males, 939 females) were recruited for this study and the data were analyzed using a combination of path analysis and network analysis. The results reveal that outcome expectations positively predict physical activity. Body appreciation mediated the relationship between outcome expectation and physical activity. Furthermore, health status moderated the relationship between body appreciation and physical activity. Specifically, body appreciation did not influence physical activity for individuals with a low health status. Network analysis further revealed that there were more edges between body appreciation and physical activity in the high health status group compared to the low health status group. For individuals with a high health status, BA1 and PA1 exhibited the strongest connection among all the edges between body appreciation and physical activity. Outcome expectations play a significant role in physical activity, with body appreciation acting as a mediator. Health status moderates the effect of body appreciation on physical activity, suggesting that interventions targeting body appreciation may be more effective for individuals with a better health status. These findings offer insights for tailored physical activity interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":8742,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11939701/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143727860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Curiosity and Mind Wandering During Music Listening Are Negatively Correlated.","authors":"Juan Felipe Pérez Ariza, Diana Omigie","doi":"10.3390/bs15030393","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bs15030393","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Curiosity, a crucial trigger of exploration and learning, has been described as the antithesis of mind wandering, a state of non-engagement with the external environment or a given task. Findings have confirmed that music's structure influences levels of curiosity in listeners as they listen and, as such, suggests that this context could be useful in examining the relationship between curiosity and mind wandering. Here, participants were exposed to extended melodies twice, during which they carried out two counterbalanced tasks: one requiring them, whenever probed, to indicate whether they had been mind wandering at that moment and the other requiring them to indicate, when probed, how curious they were feeling about the music at that moment. Critically, participants were probed at the exact same moments in the music when completing the two tasks, allowing the relationship between curiosity and mind wandering to be examined. Results confirmed our prediction of a negative relationship between curiosity and mind wandering, while exploratory analysis further suggested an influence of expertise and the music's information dynamics on patterns of mind wandering. We discuss the implications of our study for understanding music as an exploration-affording sound environment and outline directions for future work.</p>","PeriodicalId":8742,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11939264/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143727715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Mediating Role of Satisfaction with Life and Social Interaction Anxiety in the Relationship Between Loneliness and Regulatory Emotional Self-Efficacy.","authors":"Juncheng Guo, Mansor Abu Talib, Bolin Guo, Jiaxin Ren, Jia Liu","doi":"10.3390/bs15030392","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bs15030392","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Regulatory emotional self-efficacy represents individuals' belief in their capacity to manage emotions effectively and plays a vital role in supporting emotional well-being and adaptive functioning, particularly in university students. This study explores the influence of loneliness on regulatory emotional self-efficacy and its underlying mechanisms by incorporating two mediating variables-satisfaction with life and social interaction anxiety-within a chain mediation model. A total of 547 undergraduate students from a university located in Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, participated in the survey. The findings reveal that loneliness directly impacts regulatory emotional self-efficacy; satisfaction with life mediates the effect of loneliness on regulatory emotional self-efficacy; social interaction anxiety also mediates the effect of loneliness on regulatory emotional self-efficacy; and satisfaction with life and social interaction anxiety jointly serve as chain mediators in the relationship between loneliness and regulatory emotional self-efficacy. This study sheds light on the connection between loneliness and regulatory emotional self-efficacy, offering a theoretical basis and practical guidance for improving students' emotional regulation and overall well-being.</p>","PeriodicalId":8742,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11939567/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143727764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sensory Processing Measure and Sensory Integration Theory: A Scientometric and Narrative Synthesis.","authors":"Hind M Alotaibi, Ahmed Alduais, Fawaz Qasem, Muhammad Alasmari","doi":"10.3390/bs15030395","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bs15030395","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sensory integration theory (SIT), which posits that the neurological process of integrating sensory information from the environment and one's body influences learning and behaviour, and the sensory processing measure (SPM), a psychometric tool with versions for individuals aged 4 months to 87 years, are fundamental to understanding and assessing sensory processing. This study examined the existing evidence on the SPM and SIT using scientometric and narrative methods. A search of Scopus and Web of Science Core Collection from 1983 to 2024 yielded 238 unique records after deduplication. Scientometric analysis, conducted with CiteSpace (Version 6.4.R1) and VOSviewer (Version 1.6.19) explored publication trends, keyword co-occurrences, and citation bursts. A narrative method, based on a purposive sample of studies selected by title relevance from the 238 records, provided qualitative insights into key themes and concepts. Scientometric analysis revealed 11 key clusters, including 'sensory processing behaviour', 'classroom context', and 'using electroencephalogram (EEG) technology', reflecting diverse research areas and a growing publication trend, particularly after 2011. A narrative analysis, guided by these clusters, explored sensory processing differences in children with developmental disorders like autism spectrum disorder (ASD) compared to typically developing children, the relationship between sensory processing and other functional areas, the impact of classroom contexts on sensory processing, the use of EEG in sensory processing disorder (SPD) diagnosis, and the effectiveness of interventions like sound-based therapy and sensory integration therapy. The combined approach highlighted the wide application of the SPM and SIT, informing future research directions, such as longitudinal studies, comparative effectiveness research, and cultural adaptations of assessments and interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":8742,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11939173/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143728003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Listening Beyond the Source: Exploring the Descriptive Language of Musical Sounds.","authors":"Isabel Pires","doi":"10.3390/bs15030396","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bs15030396","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The spontaneous use of verbal expressions to articulate and describe abstract auditory phenomena in everyday interactions is an inherent aspect of human nature. This occurs without the structured conditions typically required in controlled laboratory environments, relying instead on intuitive and spontaneous modes of expression. This study explores the relationship between auditory perception and descriptive language for abstract sounds. These sounds, synthesized without identifiable sources or musical structures, allow listeners to engage with sound perception free from external references. The investigation of correlations between subjective descriptors (e.g., \"rough\", \"bright\") and physical sound attributes (e.g., spectral and dynamic properties) reveals significant cross-modal linguistic associations in auditory perception. An international survey with a diverse group of participants revealed that listeners often draw on other sensory domains to describe sounds, suggesting a robust cross-modal basis for auditory descriptors. Moreover, the findings indicate a correlation between subjective descriptors and objective sound wave properties, demonstrating the effectiveness of abstract sounds in guiding listeners' attention to intrinsic qualities. These results could support the development of new paradigms in sound analysis and manipulation, with applications in artistic, educational, and analytical contexts. This multidisciplinary approach may provide the foundation for a perceptual framework for sound analysis, to be tested and refined through theoretical modelling and experimental validation.</p>","PeriodicalId":8742,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11939667/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143727767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictors of Expectations for the Future Among Young Korean Adults.","authors":"Jae-Sun An, Kyung-Hyun Suh","doi":"10.3390/bs15030391","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bs15030391","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study explored psychosocial factors related to young adults' expectations for the future and verified a model that can predict these expectations using psychosocial factors and demographic profiles to provide useful information for further studies and interventions. The participants were 371 Korean adults aged 20-39 years. The predictive models were examined using stepwise regression and decision tree analyses. The results revealed that stress, depression, gratitude, hardiness, interpersonal competence, and social support were significantly correlated with expectations for the future among young adults. Stepwise regression analysis revealed that commitment, reflecting a sense of purpose, and engagement in life accounted for the greatest variance in expectations for the future. Commitment, gratitude, self-directedness, depression, and the presence of disease accounted for approximately 66.7% of the variance in expectations for the future in young adulthood. The decision tree analysis identified commitment as the most important predictor, followed by gratitude, stress, self-directedness, empathy, perceived health, and marital status, showing how these factors are associated with shaping future expectations. These findings suggest that psychological variables such as commitment and gratitude may play a more important role in young adults' expectations of their future than health or marital status.</p>","PeriodicalId":8742,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11939509/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143727883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AI, How Much Shall I Tell You? Exchange and Communal Consumer-AI Relationships and the Willingness to Disclose Personal Information.","authors":"Corina Pelau, Maria Barbul, Irina Bojescu, Miruna Niculescu","doi":"10.3390/bs15030386","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bs15030386","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Personal information is an important resource for the optimal functioning of AI and technology. Starting from the different theories that define human relationships and the way information is exchanged within them, we investigate the way in which communal and exchange relationships are formed between consumers and AI and the way they influence consumers' willingness to disclose personal information to AI. With the help of structural equation modeling, we prove empirically that attachment to AI rather develops communal relationships compared to exchange relationships between consumers and AI. Communal relationships have a stronger influence on both enjoyment and self-disclosing behavior, while exchange relationships do not trigger a self-disclosing behavior unless there is enjoyment. Furthermore, attachment to AI alone does not influence self-disclosing behavior unless a communal relationship is developed. Our structural equation model emphasized the complex nature of relationships between consumers and AI and has important implications for the way AI will be optimally integrated in business processes and society.</p>","PeriodicalId":8742,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11939738/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143727675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is It Time to Address Burnout in the Military? Initial Psychometric Validation of the Maslach Burnout Inventory Among Tunisian Military Personnel (A-MBI-MP).","authors":"Ghada Boussayala, Amayra Tannoubi, John Elvis Hagan, Mustapha Amoadu, Medina Srem-Sai, Tore Bonsaksen, Hamdi Henchiri, Mohamed Karim Chtioui, Lotfi Bouguerra, Fairouz Azaiez","doi":"10.3390/bs15030385","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bs15030385","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The military's high-pressure environment can lead to burnout syndrome, characterized by emotional fatigue, depersonalization, and decreased personal accomplishment. Validating a culturally appropriate tool for assessing burnout among military personnel is crucial for early detection and intervention. This study assessed the psychometric properties of the Arabic version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and its validity among Tunisian military personnel. A validation study was conducted among 520 Tunisian military personnel (mean age = 36 ± 9.3 years; male (n = 486) and female (n = 34)), including commandos, pilots, and divers. The Arabic version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory MBI-HSS was administered, including participants' sociodemographic characteristics. The exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory (CFA) factor analyses were performed to identify the factor structure, with assessments of the internal consistency of the model. The factor analysis confirmed the three-factor model of burnout: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment consistent with the original MBI. The A-MBI-MP demonstrated strong internal consistency, with Cronbach's alpha values exceeding 0.8 for all subscales. The test-retest reliability was also excellent, confirming the stability of the instrument. The CFA validated the three-factor structure of the A-MBI-MP. The fit indices demonstrated an acceptable model fit: Comparative Fit Index (CFI) = 0.949, Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI) = 0.943, and Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) = 0.0742 (95% CI: 0.068-0.0797). These results validate the reliability of the A-MBI-MP in assessing burnout in the military context. The Arabic version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (A-MBI-MP) is a valid and reliable tool for assessing burnout among Tunisian military personnel. The validated instrument can be used to offer early treatments and to promote the mental health of military personnel in high-stress situations.</p>","PeriodicalId":8742,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11939730/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143727745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}