Behavioral Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Embodied, Exploratory Listening in the Concert Hall.","authors":"Remy Haswell-Martin, Finn Upham, Simon Høffding, Nanette Nielsen","doi":"10.3390/bs15050710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15050710","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Live music can afford novel, transformative aesthetic interactions for individual audience members. Nevertheless, concert research tends to focus on shared experience. In this paper we offer an account of exploratory listening that foregrounds embodied-enactive engagement and affective resonance through close analysis of the music, physiological measurements, and reflections from interviews. Our analysis centres on data collected from two musician audience members about one specific piece out of a larger interdisciplinary project involving concerts given by the Stavanger Symphony Orchestra and The Norwegian Radio Orchestra in March and June of 2024. Through the combination of in-depth phenomenological interviews with musically skilled audience members and measurements of breathing and body motion, we explore aesthetic enactment beyond common patterns of 'synchronised' response, focusing on audience members' experiences of Harald Sæverud's 'Kjempeviseslåtten' (The Ballad of Revolt) (1943). We find forms of absorbed, both imaginative and embodied involvement, of listeners enacting meaningful contact with, and pathways through, the music that in some ways corroborate crowd patterns but also reveal exploratory expertise and idiosyncratic affective orientations.</p>","PeriodicalId":8742,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144155979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Validation of Polypharmacy-Related Psychological Distress Scale (PPDS): A Preliminary Study.","authors":"Cheng Cheng, Xiao Chen, Junqiao Wang, Martin Christensen","doi":"10.3390/bs15050707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15050707","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polypharmacy is an increasing concern in healthcare due to its potential to cause adverse drug reactions and medication non-adherence. The evidence has identified a connection between psychological distress and polypharmacy, yet there is a lack of validated instruments to measure this specific type of distress. This study aims to develop and validate the Polypharmacy-related Psychological Distress Scale. This study followed a rigorous scale development procedure, encompassing item creation, scale development, and scale evaluation. A multi-method design incorporated a literature review, the Delphi method with eight experts, and a cross-sectional survey with 97 participants. A comprehensive range of psychometric tests, including content validity, face validity, concurrent validity, internal consistency, and construct validity, were utilized to assess the goodness of the instrument-the finalized scale comprised four items. Content validity results were deemed satisfactory based on CVI for item (I-CVI) and CVI for scale (S-CVI). Face validity was established through the incorporation of participant feedback. A significant correlation was found between the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 and the Polypharmacy-related Psychological Distress Scale, with a correlation coefficient of 0.444 (<i>p</i> < 0.001). The scale demonstrated acceptable reliability, with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.790 and a McDonald's omega of 0.937. A confirmatory factor analysis revealed a unidimensional structure. To summarize, the Polypharmacy-related Psychological Distress Scale showed satisfactory reliability and validity in this preliminary study. It holds promise for use by healthcare professionals to assess psychological distress in the target population, pending further validation.</p>","PeriodicalId":8742,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144155664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic Facial Emotional Expressions in Self-Presentation Predicted Self-Esteem.","authors":"Xinlei Zang, Juan Yang","doi":"10.3390/bs15050709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15050709","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is a close relationship between self-esteem and emotions. However, most studies have relied on self-report measures, which primarily capture retrospective and generalized emotional tendencies, rather than spontaneous, momentary emotional expressions in real-time social interactions. Given that self-esteem also shapes how individuals regulate and express emotions in social contexts, it is crucial to examine whether and how self-esteem manifests in dynamic emotional expressions during self-presentation. In this study, we recorded the performances of 211 participants during a public self-presentation task using a digital video camera and measured their self-esteem scores with the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Facial Action Units (AUs) scores were extracted from each video frame using OpenFace, and four basic emotions-happiness, sadness, disgust, and fear-were quantified based on the basic emotion theory. Time-series analysis was then employed to capture the multidimensional dynamic features of these emotions. Finally, we applied machine learning and explainable AI to identify which dynamic emotional features were closely associated with self-esteem. The results indicate that all four basic emotions are closely associated with self-esteem. Therefore, this study introduces a new perspective on self-esteem assessment, highlighting the potential of nonverbal behavioral indicators as alternatives to traditional self-report measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":8742,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144155639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fine Motor Skills, Executive Function, and School Readiness in Preschoolers with Externalizing Behavior Problems.","authors":"Atefeh Karimi, Bridget Poznanski, Katie C Hart, Eliza L Nelson","doi":"10.3390/bs15050708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15050708","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of this study was to examine whether fine motor skills (FMS) and executive function (EF) are unique predictors of school readiness (SR). The sample was 108 preschoolers with externalizing behavior problems (EBP; Mean ± SD = 60.37 ± 3.94 months pre-intervention, 68% male) enrolled in a comprehensive 7-week school readiness summer program open trial. FMS were measured with the Learning Accomplishment Profile Diagnostic Third Edition (LAP-D); EF was measured with the Head-Toes-Knees-Shoulders (HTKS), and SR was measured with the Bracken School Readiness Assessment Third Edition (BSRA-3). All assessments were given pre- and post-intervention. All models controlled for participant age and socio-economic status (SES). Examining data pre-intervention, FMS but not EF uniquely predicted SR, explaining 46% of the variance. At post-intervention, both FMS and EF predicted SR, explaining 33% of the variance. These findings underscore the importance of screening both FMS and EF in preschoolers with EBP as they prepare to transition to kindergarten, as these domains both contribute to characterizing SR.</p>","PeriodicalId":8742,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144156058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Durability of Students' Learning Strategies Use and Beliefs Following a Classroom Intervention.","authors":"Ezgi M Yüksel, C Shawn Green, Haley A Vlach","doi":"10.3390/bs15050706","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15050706","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>When students choose their own learning strategies, they often rely on ineffective methods, such as rereading and cramming, which have limited long-term benefits. To improve learning outcomes, previous interventions have utilized explicit instruction about effective strategies and direct experience with those strategies, though with mixed success. Yüksel et al. demonstrated that combining both approaches could foster initial improvements in students' understanding and use of effective learning strategies. In Study 1, we examined the long-term effects of this combined intervention by contacting participants six months later to assess the stability of outcomes. In Study 2, we extended the scope by surveying all students who had enrolled in the intervention section over the past five years. Participants were asked about their use and perceived effectiveness of various strategies. In both studies, quantitative measures were complemented with open-ended questions to gain deeper insights into study behaviors and obstacles to adopting effective strategies. While students retained an understanding of the effectiveness of various strategies and reported using ineffective strategies less frequently, the adoption of more effective strategies did not show a significant increase. However, compared to the business-as-usual group, the intervention group did not experience a decline in their use of effective strategies. These results suggest that while explicit instruction and experience can enhance knowledge, long-term behavior change remains difficult. Reported obstacles-such as time constraints, limited resources, procrastination, and prioritizing short-term gains-align with metacognitive theories of desirable difficulties and help explain why students still favor less effortful strategies, despite knowing more effective ones that require greater effort and delayed rewards.</p>","PeriodicalId":8742,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144155637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring How AI Literacy and Self-Regulated Learning Relate to Student Writing Performance and Well-Being in Generative AI-Supported Higher Education.","authors":"Jiajia Shi, Weitong Liu, Ke Hu","doi":"10.3390/bs15050705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15050705","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The integration of generative artificial intelligence (GAI) into higher education is transforming students' learning processes, academic performance, and psychological well-being. Despite the increasing adoption of GAI tools, the mechanisms through which students' AI literacy and self-regulated learning (SRL) relate to their academic and emotional experiences remain underexplored. This study investigates how AI literacy and SRL are associated with writing performance and digital well-being among university students in GAI-supported higher learning contexts. A survey was administered to 257 students from universities in China, and structural equation modeling was used to examine the hypothesized relationships. Results show that both AI literacy and SRL significantly and positively predict students' writing performance, with SRL having a stronger effect. Moreover, AI literacy shows a positive association with GAI-driven well-being, with writing performance serving as a partial mediator in this relationship. These findings suggest that fostering both technological competencies and effective learning strategies may support students' academic outcomes while supporting their psychological well-being in AI-enriched educational environments. By integrating AI literacy and SRL into a unified model, this study contributes to the growing body of research on GAI-driven well-being in higher education and offers practical implications for cultivating balanced and sustainable learning experiences in the age of GAI.</p>","PeriodicalId":8742,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144156035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reconfiguring Pain Interpretation Within a Social Model of Health Using a Simplified Version of Wilber's All Quadrant All Levels Framework: An Integral Vision.","authors":"Mark I Johnson","doi":"10.3390/bs15050703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15050703","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite the proliferation of biomedical and psychological treatments, the global burden of chronic intractable (long-term) pain remains high-a treatment-prevalence paradox. The biopsychosocial model, introduced in the 1970s, is central to strategies for managing pain, but has been criticised for being decontextualised and fragmented, compromising the effectiveness of healthcare pain support services and patient care. The aim of this study was to apply a simplified version of Ken Wilber's All Quadrant All Levels (AQAL) framework to pain in a healthcare context to advance a biopsychosocial understanding. Utilising domain knowledge, the author mapped features of pain and coping to intrasubjective, intraobjective, intersubjective, and interobjective quadrants (perspectives), as well as levels of psychological development. Narratives were crafted to synthesize the findings of mapping with literature from diverse disciplines within the contexts of salutogenesis and a social model of health. The findings showed that AQAL-mapping enhanced contextual biopsychosocial coherence and exposed the conceptual error of reifying pain. Its utility lay in highlighting upstream influences of the painogenic environment, supporting the reconfiguration of pain within a social model of health, as exemplified by the UK's Rethinking Pain Service. In conclusion, a simple version of the AQAL framework served as a heuristic device to develop an integral vision of pain, opening opportunities for health promotion solutions within a salutogenic context.</p>","PeriodicalId":8742,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144156076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"Get Well Enough to Make the Right Decision for Themselves\"-Experiences and Perspectives of Clinicians Working with People with Serious Mental Illness and Their Substitute Decision Makers.","authors":"Samuel Law, Vicky Stergiopoulos, Juveria Zaheer, Arash Nakhost","doi":"10.3390/bs15050704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15050704","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In the current clinical psychiatric practice in most of the world, treatment decisions are based on a person's capacity to make these decisions. When a person lacks the capacity to understand and appreciate treatment decisions, in many jurisdictions a third-party substitute decision maker (SDM) is appointed on his or her behalf in order to promote safety and optimal clinical outcome. In Ontario, Canada, for example, family members (typically) or public guardians are appointed as SDMs, and they form an integral part of the medical-legal system in psychiatric care. Clinicians working with both patients and their SDMs in these circumstances encounter unique challenges and deliver care in specialized ways, though little research has focused on their experiences and reflections. Based on focus group data, this qualitative study uses a descriptive and interpretative phenomenological approach through thematic analysis to examine these aspects from clinicians working in both inpatient and outpatient settings of an urban teaching hospital's psychiatric services in Toronto, Canada. Seven key themes emerged: Clinicians (1) appreciate hardships and challenges in lives of SDMs and patients-including the challenging emotions and experiences on both sides, and the risks and relational changes from being an SDM; (2) have an understanding of the patient's situation and respect for patient autonomy and wishes-they are promoter of autonomy and mindful of patients' prior wishes amidst patients' fluctuating capacity, facilitating communication, keeping patients informed and promoting transitioning from SDM to self-determination; (3) have a special working relationship with family SDMs-including supporting SDMs, avoiding harm from delayed or denied treatment, and educating and collaborating with SDMs while maintaining professional boundaries; (4) at times find it difficult working with SDMs-stemming from working with over-involved or uninterested family SDMs, coping with perceived poor SDM decisions, and they sometimes ponder if SDMs are necessary; (5) delineate differences between family and Public Guardian and Trustee (PGT) SDMs-they see PGT as closely aligned with medical decision makers, while family SDMs are more intimately involved and more likely to disagree with a physician's recommendation; (6) recognize the importance of the SDM role in various contexts-through seeing social values in having SDMs, and acknowledging that having SDMS help them to feel better about their actions as they work to protect the patients; and (7) express ideas on how to improve the current system-at public, societal, and family SDM levels. We conclude that clinicians have unique mediating roles, with privilege and responsibility in understanding the different roles and challenges patients and SDMs face, and have opportunities to improve patient and SDM experiences, clinical outcomes, carry out education, and advocate for ethically just decisions. These clinical roles also come ","PeriodicalId":8742,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144156057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Policy Reform to Public Reckoning: Exploring Shifts in the Reporting of Sexual-Violence-Against-Women Victimizations in the United States Between 1992 and 2021.","authors":"Jessica C Fleming, Ashley K Fansher, Ryan Randa","doi":"10.3390/bs15050701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15050701","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The current literature indicates that sexual violence against women (VAW) is chronically under-reported to law enforcement due to factors such as fear of retaliation, societal stigma, and practical obstacles. Using National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) incident-level data, this study examines changes in the reporting patterns of sexual VAW from 1992 to 2021. This period of focus is notable for significant and, at times, unprecedented societal shifts and legislative reforms. Our results suggest that there are three distinct time periods for sexual VAW reporting in the United States, each marked by various social and political movements. These results provide researchers and law enforcement practitioners alike with insights into the instability of shifts in the reporting of sexual VAW to the police, supporting changes in how reporting behaviors should be viewed over varying time periods.</p>","PeriodicalId":8742,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144156075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Acoustically Screened Five-Element Music Combined with Traditional Chinese Mind-Body Exercises on Emotion Regulation, Working Memory, and Functional Brain Connectivity in Older Adults: A Randomized Repeated-Measures Study.","authors":"Junya Zhao, Haojie Li, Xiaoyan Wang","doi":"10.3390/bs15050699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15050699","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to investigate the effects of acoustically screened Five-Element Music combined with traditional Chinese mind-body exercises (Taijiquan and Baduanjin) on emotion regulation, working memory, and functional brain connectivity in older adults. A randomized repeated-measures design was employed, recruiting 42 healthy older adults aged 60-70 years. Participants were assigned to five groups: Five-Element Music alone (FE), Taijiquan (TJ), Baduanjin (BDJ), Five-Element Music combined with Taijiquan (FE+TJ), and Five-Element Music combined with Baduanjin (FE+BDJ). Emotion regulation, working memory, and functional brain connectivity were assessed using an emotion regulation choice task, the N-back task, and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), respectively. Five-Element Music was selected using computational acoustic methods to identify music with therapeutic effects. Significant differences were observed in the acceptance rate of emotion regulation for high-intensity unpleasant pictures across different conditions (<i>p</i> = 0.001). Compared to baseline, the acceptance rate was significantly higher in the FE and FE+TJ conditions (<i>p</i> = 0.027, <i>p</i> = 0.021). Moreover, the acceptance rate in the FE+TJ condition was significantly higher than in the FE condition alone (<i>p</i> = 0.007). Significant differences were found in the average accuracy of the 2-back task across conditions (<i>p</i> = 0.001), with the FE+TJ condition showing significantly higher accuracy than baseline (<i>p</i> = 0.005). The average reaction time in the 2-back task also differed significantly across conditions (<i>p</i> = 0.001), with the FE condition demonstrating a significantly lower reaction time compared to baseline and the FE+BDJ condition (<i>p</i> = 0.003, <i>p</i> = 0.001). Significant differences in functional connectivity (FC) were observed between conditions. Specifically, the FC between CH45 and CH9 and between CH29 and CH6 was significantly higher in the FE+TJ condition than in other conditions (<i>p</i> < 0.02). The combination of Five-Element Music and Taijiquan significantly improved emotion regulation, working memory, and prefrontal-parietal connectivity in older adults. These findings underscore the synergistic benefits of integrating auditory stimulation with mind-body exercise, offering a promising intervention for cognitive and emotional health in aging populations. Future research should investigate long-term effects and broader applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":8742,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144155916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}