{"title":"Narcissistic Chief Executive Officers and Their Effects on R&D Investment and Firm Performance: The Moderating Role of Managerial Discretion.","authors":"Qingzhu Gao, Liangmou Gao, Guangyan Zhang","doi":"10.3390/bs14111115","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bs14111115","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The impact of the chief executive officer (CEO) narcissism on a firm's performance has gained attention from the academic community. However, the extant literature has largely ignored the mediating mechanism of research and development (R&D) investment and the moderating roles of managerial discretion. Additionally, the measurement of CEO narcissism is rarely disclosed in the public database. Compiling a CEO narcissism index from a video survey, we systematically explore the effect of CEO narcissism on firm performance, the mediating role of R&D investment, and the moderating role of managerial discretion. Based on the upper echelons theory, using a sample of 183 Chinese A-share listed manufacturing firms from 2011 to 2019, we found that CEO narcissism positively and significantly impacts R&D investment and firm performance, and then R&D investment mediated the relationships between CEO narcissism and firm performance. In addition, we found that managerial discretion could affect the relationship between CEO narcissism and R&D investment. Specifically, CEO duality and CEO ownership will strengthen the positive influence of a CEO's narcissism in corporate R&D investment. Our results suggest that CEO narcissism appears to be a stimulus to corporate R&D investment; thus, in recruiting top executives, their psychological traits, especially narcissism, should be given special consideration.</p>","PeriodicalId":8742,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences","volume":"14 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11591078/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142725301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ruth Berkowitz, David Mehlhausen-Hassoen, Zeev Winstok
{"title":"Associations Among Beliefs Supporting Patriarchal Principles, Conflict Avoidance, and Economic Violence in Intimate-Partner Relationships of Ultra-Orthodox Jews.","authors":"Ruth Berkowitz, David Mehlhausen-Hassoen, Zeev Winstok","doi":"10.3390/bs14111114","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bs14111114","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Beliefs that uphold patriarchal principles may influence individuals' willingness to avoid conflict in their intimate-partner relationships, which can, in turn, increase the likelihood of intimate-partner economic violence. However, these associations remain underexplored in current research. This study examines these dynamics within a sample of 321 adults from the Ultra-Orthodox Jewish community-a patriarchal and traditional culture. Specifically, it examines associations among beliefs supporting patriarchal principles at the micro (gendered domestic roles), meso, and macro (institutional power of men and the inherent inferiority of women) levels; conflict avoidance; economic violence; and sex differences in these factors. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze sex differences in the study variables, and path analysis was used to examine the correlations between research variables for men and women. The findings indicate that beliefs in patriarchal ideologies were moderate across all levels but slightly higher among men. Men were significantly more likely than women to avoid conflict with their intimate partners. Beliefs in support of patriarchal ideologies were predictive of conflict avoidance, particularly among women. Contrary to prior research, this study revealed nonsignificant sex differences in the prevalence of economic-violence victimization. These findings, however, do not negate the role of sex-based dynamics in economic-violence victimization. We discuss the findings and the meanings assigned to conflict avoidance by men and women, while considering gender disparities of power and control. We suggest that men's tendency to avoid conflict likely moderated their likelihood of perpetrating economic violence.</p>","PeriodicalId":8742,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences","volume":"14 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11590917/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142725202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Can the Ability to Play Steady Beats Be Indicative of Cognitive Aging? Using a Beat Processing Device.","authors":"Hyun Ju Chong, Jin Hee Choi, Ga Eul Yoo","doi":"10.3390/bs14111113","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bs14111113","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to examine whether different rhythm idioms significantly affect the reproduction accuracy of older adults and whether the participants' age and personal current engagement in music affect their ability to reproduce rhythm. A total of 79 older adults participated in the study. Participants were required to reproduce six different rhythm idioms, and their accuracy in rhythm reproduction was measured using the R index. The data were analyzed considering the participants' age sub-group and current engagement in music. The findings showed differences in reproduction accuracy across various rhythm idioms, particularly in relation to steady recurring notes and dotted notes with different intervals. The highest reproduction accuracy was found for the isochronous beat pattern, while the rhythm idiom starting with longer intervals yielded the lowest accuracy. Age and current personal engagement in music did not significantly affect rhythm performance. However, the study identified a significant correlation between decreased accuracy in reproducing a steady rhythm and diminished general cognitive ability. This study indicates that rhythm performance can be indicative of cognitive abilities related to temporal information processing. The findings support the potential use of rhythm tasks to evaluate cognitive performance in older adults with varying cognitive levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":8742,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences","volume":"14 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11590993/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142725209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sophia Russotto, Andrea Conti, Kris Vanhaecht, José Joaquín Mira, Massimiliano Panella
{"title":"Patient Safety Incidents in Inpatient Psychiatric Settings: An Expert Opinion Survey.","authors":"Sophia Russotto, Andrea Conti, Kris Vanhaecht, José Joaquín Mira, Massimiliano Panella","doi":"10.3390/bs14111116","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bs14111116","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Patient safety in psychiatric inpatient facilities remains under-researched despite its crucial importance. This study aims to address this gap by using expert opinion to estimate the frequency of diverse patient safety incidents (PSIs) in psychiatric settings and to compare it with the existing literature. Utilizing a seven-step approach, a questionnaire based on the World Health Organization's International Classification for Patient Safety was developed and deployed. A total of 33 expert opinions were collected. Results showed a higher estimated incidence of PSIs in psychiatric settings compared to general healthcare, highlighting categories such as patient behavior, medication, and infrastructure as significant contributors. Experts emphasized the prevalence of incidents related to behavioral issues and inadequate infrastructure, areas often overlooked in the existing literature. Unlike general settings, psychiatric facilities appear more vulnerable to specific PSIs, such as those related to medication and building safety, underscoring the need for targeted safety measures. Our study suggests the existence of significant discrepancies between expert opinion and available research, with several underexplored domains in psychiatric patient safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":8742,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences","volume":"14 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11591172/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142725308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Emotional Risk Factors, Rumination, and Self-Criticism in Relation to Suicidal Ideation Among Chinese Depressive Outpatients.","authors":"Barbara Chuen Yee Lo, Sophie Kai Lam Cheng","doi":"10.3390/bs14111111","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bs14111111","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Previous studies indicated that individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) are at high risk of suicide, making the identification of risk factors in suicidal depressive outpatients essential for developing effective prevention and treatment strategies. This study aims to (1) identify emotional risk factors and (2) examine the relationship between cognitive markers-including rumination and self-criticism-and suicidal ideation among depressive outpatients. A total of 165 Chinese clinical outpatients with depression were recruited from local hospitals in Hong Kong. In our sample, 68% of patients with moderate depression and 87.5% of patients with severe depression reported experiencing suicidal thoughts. The results from the logistic regression revealed a significant interaction between rumination and self-critical thoughts in relation to suicidal ideation. Specifically, the ruminative patients with self-critical thoughts were more likely to have suicidal thoughts than those without self-critical thoughts. These findings align with the cognitive model of suicide, suggesting that maladaptive information processing and negative cognitive content are associated with an increased risk of suicide. The current findings have clinical implications for the future development of more specific and accurate mental health assessment, preventive programs, and psychotherapies for depressive outpatients.</p>","PeriodicalId":8742,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences","volume":"14 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11591404/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142725272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Diego Palacios, Silvia Caldaroni, Christian Berger, Daniele Di Tata, Davide Barrera
{"title":"Adolescent Depressive Symptoms and Peer Dynamics: Distorted Perceptions in Liking and Disliking Networks.","authors":"Diego Palacios, Silvia Caldaroni, Christian Berger, Daniele Di Tata, Davide Barrera","doi":"10.3390/bs14111110","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bs14111110","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Depression in adolescents has been linked to poor life outcomes, including suicidal ideation, peer victimization, and fewer friendships. Less is known about how depressed adolescents perceive their peer interactions. Based on the depression-distortion model, we expected that adolescents with depressive symptoms misperceive their social ties by being less likely to like some peers, and more likely to dislike other peers. An Italian dataset about adolescent relationships was used, including 275 first-year secondary school students (M age = 11.80, 46% female) in 12 classrooms across nine schools. Adolescents were asked to nominate classmates they liked and disliked. Longitudinal social network analyses (stochastic actor-oriented models) were conducted, including structural network effects (reciprocity, transitivity, indegree-popularity) and covariates such as gender, immigrant origin, and highest parents' education level. The results indicated that adolescents with depressive symptoms were less likely to send liking nominations, and conversely, they were more likely to send disliking nominations than non-depressed classmates. Interestingly, adolescents with depressive symptoms were not more disliked or less liked by their peers. These findings seem to support the depression-distortion model by suggesting that, compared to non-depressed peers, adolescents with depressive symptoms misperceive their relationships by overstating negative relationships and underestimating positive ones.</p>","PeriodicalId":8742,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences","volume":"14 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11591119/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142725050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andrew Soundy, Maria Moffatt, Nga Man Nicole Yip, Nicola Heneghan, Alison Rushton, Deborah Falla, Lucy Silvester, Nicola Middlebrook
{"title":"Illness Narrative Master Plots Following Musculoskeletal Trauma and How They Change over Time, a Secondary Analysis of Data.","authors":"Andrew Soundy, Maria Moffatt, Nga Man Nicole Yip, Nicola Heneghan, Alison Rushton, Deborah Falla, Lucy Silvester, Nicola Middlebrook","doi":"10.3390/bs14111112","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bs14111112","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Introduction; to the best of the authors knowledge, no past research has established how illness narrative master plots are expressed initially and then if and how they change longitudinally following musculoskeletal trauma. The aim of the present research was to consider how specific master plots were expressed, interact, and change across time following musculoskeletal trauma.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A narrative analysis was undertaken that included individuals who had experienced a musculoskeletal traumatic injury. Individuals were included if they were an inpatient within 4 weeks of the first interview, had mental capacity to participate, and were able to communicate in English. Three interviews were undertaken (within 4 weeks of injury, then at 6- and 12-months post-injury). A 5-stage categorical form-type narrative analysis was performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twelve individuals (49.9 ± 17.5 years; 7 male, 5 female) completed interviews at three time points following the trauma event (<4 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months). Three main narrative master plots appeared to work together to facilitate a positive accommodation of the trauma event into the individual's life. These included the resumption narrative, the activity narrative, and the quest narrative. Finally, less often regressive narratives were identified, although these narratives were, at times, actively avoided.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The current results provide important consideration for how narratives are used within clinical practice, in particular the value of how these three narratives could be accessed and promoted.</p>","PeriodicalId":8742,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences","volume":"14 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11591027/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142725214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wenfeng Zhu, Yuguang Yang, Xue Tian, Yongchao Huang, Xuejun Bai
{"title":"Personal Relative Deprivation and Online Aggression in College Students: A Moderated Mediation Model of Revenge Motivation and a Violent Attitude.","authors":"Wenfeng Zhu, Yuguang Yang, Xue Tian, Yongchao Huang, Xuejun Bai","doi":"10.3390/bs14111108","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bs14111108","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>While personal relative deprivation (PRD) is recognized as a potential risk factor for aggression, the mechanisms underlying this relationship are not well understood. This study investigates how revenge motivation mediates the link between PRD and online aggression, as well as how a violent attitude moderates this connection. A total of 1004 college students completed self-reported measures on demographic factors, PRD, online aggression, revenge motivation, and violent attitudes. The findings revealed a positive correlation between PRD and online aggression, with revenge motivation serving as a mediating factor. Additionally, a violent attitude was found to moderate the relationship, indicating that PRD had a stronger association with online aggression in individuals with higher violent attitudes compared to those with lower attitudes.</p>","PeriodicalId":8742,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences","volume":"14 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11590923/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142725312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elena Ioana Fratea, Manuela Mihaela Ciucurel, Geanina Cucu Ciuhan
{"title":"Anxious Thoughts and Well-Being in University Students with Anxiety in the Two Years After the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Mediational Relationship of Physical Symptoms and Sadness Rumination.","authors":"Elena Ioana Fratea, Manuela Mihaela Ciucurel, Geanina Cucu Ciuhan","doi":"10.3390/bs14111109","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bs14111109","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study examines the relationship between anxious thoughts and well-being, with physical symptoms and sadness rumination as mediators, in young people who suffer from anxiety in the first two years after the COVID-19 pandemic.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A community sample of 198 participants, 94 males and 104 females, aged between 19 and 35 years, all of them experiencing an anxiety disorder in their past, answered an online survey during the years 2022-2023. The instruments were the Rumination of Sadness and Anger Questionnaire, The Burns Inventory, and Ryff's Psychological Well-being Scale. The data analysis used hierarchical regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results show that the conditional indirect effects of anxious thoughts on well-being are statistically significant (<i>β</i> = -0.29, <i>SE</i> = 0.08, <i>p</i> < 0.001) for high physical symptoms of anxiety (<i>β</i> = 0.25, <i>SE</i> = 0.11, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and for high sadness rumination (<i>β</i> = -0.82, <i>SE</i> = 0.04, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Physical symptoms of anxiety (<i>β</i> = 0.25, <i>SE</i> = 0.11, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and sadness rumination (<i>β</i> = 0.05, <i>SE</i> = 0.07, <i>p</i> < 0.001) have a partial serially mediating effect on the relationship between anxious thoughts and well-being (<i>β</i> = -0.74, <i>SE</i> = 0.02, <i>p</i> < 0.001).</p>","PeriodicalId":8742,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences","volume":"14 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11591241/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142725200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Interoceptive Ability and Emotion Regulation in Mind-Body Interventions: An Integrative Review.","authors":"Alessandro Lazzarelli, Francesca Scafuto, Cristiano Crescentini, Alessio Matiz, Graziella Orrù, Rebecca Ciacchini, Gaspare Alfì, Angelo Gemignani, Ciro Conversano","doi":"10.3390/bs14111107","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bs14111107","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>It is increasingly recognized that interoceptive ability, the capacity to detect, interpret, and consciously integrate signals related to the physiological condition of the body, is central to emotion experience and regulation. Interoceptive ability can be trained and improved through mind-body interventions. This article attempts to provide an integrative review of the link between interoceptive ability and emotion regulation in mind-body interventions. To this aim, (1) we address the constructs of interoceptive ability and mind-body interventions in relation to the double pathway of emotion regulation, and (2) we include a review of selected empirical and qualitative studies. These show that mindfulness meditation affects the brain-body axis through top-down processing, improving both interoceptive ability and emotion regulation. Interventions based on bottom-up processing through body movement and emotional expression are illustrated, but it is argued that they are still under-investigated. In light of the literature reviewed, we contend that interoceptive ability is a crucial aspect associated with the effects of mind-body interventions on emotion regulation. Additionally, we suggest that if studied through both quantitative and qualitative methods, interoceptive ability may serve as a general construct that allows a more integrated view of the polarities related to the spectrum of embodied experience: top-down and bottom-up emotion processing, observational and non-observational body awareness, conscious and unconscious level of interoception.</p>","PeriodicalId":8742,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences","volume":"14 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11591285/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142725288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}