Behavioral Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Life Goal Content and Health Outcomes: Associations with Mental Health and Health Behaviours Among Turkish University Students.","authors":"Gökhan Çakır","doi":"10.3390/bs16091703","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bs16091703","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Life goals are described as a general psychological resource for health, but whether goals of different content relate equally to mental health and to health behaviour is unknown. Participants were 408 students at a Turkish state university (71.1% women; mean age 21.76 years, SD = 4.20) who completed the Life Goals Scale, distinguishing career, relationship, and body-related goals, together with measures of psychological well-being, psychological distress, cognitive flexibility, physical activity, and nutritional risk. Regression models adjusted for gender, age, grade level, body mass index, and faculty used heteroscedasticity-consistent standard errors, and the two domains were compared using case bootstrapping. Goal setting was associated with all five indicators (β = 0.110 to 0.384), and the association was stronger for the mental health block than the behavioural block (Δβ = 0.129, 95% CI [0.049, 0.205]). However, this difference was carried by cognitive flexibility. Specifically, with that indicator excluded, the contrast fell to 0.077 and was no longer reliable. The two behavioural coefficients did not differ (Δβ = 0.086), and the association with nutritional risk was small and weakly supported. With the three subscales entered simultaneously, physical activity was related to body-related goals alone (β = 0.227, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and not to career (β = 0.032) or relationship goals (β = 0.012). Among the three goal contents assessed, what a goal is about, rather than goal setting as such, appears to distinguish which health behaviour it accompanies.</p>","PeriodicalId":8742,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences","volume":"16 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13603682/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149057629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Navigating the Human Side of AI: A Socio-Technical Model of Employee Attitudes Toward Algorithmic Recruitment.","authors":"Hasan Beyari","doi":"10.3390/bs16091708","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bs16091708","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigates employee perceptions of artificial intelligence (AI) in the field of recruitment and selection in Saudi Arabian companies. While the use of recruitment systems based on AI is growing, their acceptance by organisations is influenced by whether employees consider these systems to be useful, transparent, and fair, and how this affects their professional judgement. This study is based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) and Socio-Technical Theory (STT) and explores a two-path explanatory model. Perceived usefulness is linked to perceived AI effectiveness in the AI-related pathway and is associated with transparency of AI, trust in AI systems, and organisational support for AI use. On the HR pathway, there is a negative association between technostress and HR support and readiness, while clarity of integration of AI is positively associated with HR support and readiness. The sample comprised 450 purposively selected respondents from Jeddah, Riyadh and Dammam, and data were analysed using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) in AMOS. The perceived effectiveness of AI and HR's support/readiness for AI was positively and significantly correlated with employee perceptions of AI in recruitment and selection. The relationships of these data should be interpreted as structural relationships; since the data are cross-sectional, they cannot be interpreted as causation or mediation. Further methodological issues include common method bias since all constructs were assessed via self-report and in the same questionnaire.</p>","PeriodicalId":8742,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences","volume":"16 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13603644/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149057420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Learning Through Retrieval Variability: Benefits and Metacognitive Judgments in Foreign-Language Vocabulary Learning.","authors":"Nicholas C Soderstrom","doi":"10.3390/bs16091705","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bs16091705","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Variable practice often enhances long-term learning despite increasing difficulty during acquisition. The present study examined whether variable retrieval practice improves foreign-language vocabulary learning and, if so, whether learners' metacognitive judgments reflect its benefits. Participants studied Lithuanian-English word pairs across four study-test cycles under either constant or variable retrieval practice conditions. In the constant conditions, learners consistently retrieved words in either an easy or difficult direction, whereas in the variable conditions, they retrieved in both directions. Following practice, participants predicted their performance on a final test, which was administered after either 10 min (Experiment 1a) or 24 h (Experiment 1b). Results showed that variable retrieval practice improved retention, with the clearest benefits observed when items were later tested in the more difficult retrieval direction after a substantial delay. Although learners' predictions failed to anticipate these benefits, participants appeared to recognize the effectiveness of variable retrieval practice, and many reported using similar study strategies independently. The findings extend the literature on desirable difficulties and variable practice by demonstrating the benefits of variable retrieval practice in foreign-language learning while highlighting a disconnect between learning outcomes and prospective metacognitive judgments. Practically, the results suggest that incorporating variable retrieval practice into vocabulary instruction may enhance retention and promote more effective self-regulated study strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":8742,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences","volume":"16 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13603624/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149057640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Mediating Roles of Two Psychological Experience Pathways: How Cross-Border Live Streaming Interactions Trigger Impulsive Purchases?-The Moderating Effect of AI Enablement.","authors":"Yangxue Xiang, Miaoli Liu, Jin Chen, Zhaoxu Chen","doi":"10.3390/bs16091693","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bs16091693","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With the booming of cross-border live streaming e-commerce, this study examined the influence mechanism of cross-border live streaming interactions on consumers' impulsive purchase intention based on the timulus-organism-response (SOR) model. Two independent psychological organism mediators are proposed, immersive experience and foreign cultural identity, and AI (artificial intelligence) enablement acts as a cross-layer moderating variable. Three core dimensions of cross-border live streaming interaction (consumer-product, consumer-consumer, consumer-anchor) are refined, and empirical tests are conducted with 620 valid questionnaires via SPSS 26.0, AMOS 28.0 and PROCESS. Results showed that consumer-product and consumer-anchor interactions exerted significant positive direct effects on impulsive purchase intention (consumer-consumer interaction's direct effect was insignificant); both flow experience dimensions exert partial mediating effects in the paths linking consumer-product/consumer-anchor interaction to impulsive purchase intention and full mediating effects for the consumer-consumer interaction path. AI enablement positively moderates the effect of live streaming interactions on flow experience and the effect of immersive experience on impulsive purchase intention, but its moderating effect on the foreign cultural identity-impulsive purchase intention link was insignificant. This study advanced the research on cross-border live streaming consumer behavior and offered targeted practical suggestions for platform optimization with AI technology while enriching the SOR model's application in cross-cultural consumption scenarios.</p>","PeriodicalId":8742,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences","volume":"16 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13603087/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149057729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Childhood Family Violence and Depressive Symptoms in Urban Chinese Women: The Moderating Role of Social Contact Frequency.","authors":"Shiyao Han, Li Zheng, Xiaohe Xu","doi":"10.3390/bs16091698","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bs16091698","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Guided by the stress process model, this study examined whether childhood family violence-specifically, parental physical abuse (PPA) and witnessing interparental violence (WIPV)-was associated with depressive symptoms among ever-married women in Beijing and Chengdu, China, and whether these associations were moderated by social contact frequency. Drawing on data from the 2020 Family and Health Survey (<i>N</i> = 1849), we used ordinary least squares regression with heteroskedasticity-robust standard errors and conducted supplementary sensitivity analyses. In separate models, both PPA and WIPV were positively associated with depressive symptoms. Social contact frequency showed no significant main effect, but its interactions with both PPA and WIPV were significantly negative, a pattern consistent with the stress-buffering hypothesis. In combined models including both violence types, WIPV retained a significant unique association with depressive symptoms, whereas the PPA association was attenuated. The moderation findings suggest that social contact frequency may condition the violence-depression relationship, underscoring the potential importance of social relationships for responses to early-life adversity.</p>","PeriodicalId":8742,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences","volume":"16 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13603159/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149057565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Many Pathways to Personal Growth: Contemporary Perspectives and Future Directions.","authors":"Madoka Kumashiro","doi":"10.3390/bs16091692","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bs16091692","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although philosophers and psychologists have pondered for centuries on what it means to pursue personal development and to live a good life, psychological research on personal growth remains broad and diverse. This Editorial introduces a Special Issue comprising 25 contributions to <i>Experiences and Well-Being in Personal Growth</i>. These diverse perspectives conceptualize growth as an aspect of eudaimonic well-being, an intentional process of self-change, a response to adversity, or a process facilitated by relationships and broader contexts. Growth may emerge through coping with adversity or through engagement with life opportunities, and its likelihood and consequences depend on individual characteristics, close relationships, and wider social and cultural environments. The Editorial synthesizes recent developments in the field, with special attention paid to the central role of interpersonal relationships, highlighting contributions from this Special Issue to the broader discussion surrounding personal growth. Future research directions are identified, including the need to prioritize greater conceptual and measurement precision, stronger longitudinal and causal evidence, closer attention to individual and contextual variation, and consideration of how the growing use of conversational AI for support and guidance may reshape how personal growth is pursued, experienced, and understood.</p>","PeriodicalId":8742,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences","volume":"16 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13603291/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149057708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Generative Artificial Intelligence Use and Learning Engagement Among Medical Undergraduates: Statistical Indirect and Configurational Associations Involving Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction.","authors":"Qian He, Guanglei Chang, Ning Su, Yingying Yang, Jun Ma","doi":"10.3390/bs16091694","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bs16091694","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As generative artificial intelligence (GAI) becomes increasingly integrated into undergraduate medical education, its relationship with students' learning engagement warrants further investigation. Guided by self-determination theory, this cross-sectional questionnaire study surveyed 498 medical undergraduates at a medical university in China and used structural equation modeling (SEM) and fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) to examine average associations and configurational patterns among GAI use, basic psychological need satisfaction, and learning engagement. SEM results showed that GAI use was positively but weakly associated with basic psychological need satisfaction, whereas basic psychological need satisfaction was more strongly associated with learning engagement. The direct association between GAI use and learning engagement was not statistically significant, while the statistical indirect association through basic psychological need satisfaction was significant but small. The fsQCA results showed that high GAI use was not a necessary condition for high learning engagement. The configuration combining autonomy, competence, and relatedness need satisfaction had the highest coverage and showed relatively stable results across threshold adjustments, with competence need satisfaction as a core condition. These findings suggest that the educational relevance of GAI use may be better understood in relation to students' psychological need conditions than to use frequency alone.</p>","PeriodicalId":8742,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences","volume":"16 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13603777/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149057372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Experience of Online Group Polarization Relates to University Students' Value-Related Judgments and Choices: The Parallel Mediating Roles of Cognitive Dissonance and Emotional Contagion.","authors":"Shaosen He, Jiawei Li, Runcong Yang, Zhekun Wu, Huanhua Lu","doi":"10.3390/bs16091697","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bs16091697","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The psychological processes linking polarization experiences across different online interaction contexts to university students' value-related judgments and choices warrant further investigation. This study distinguishes experienced polarization within online communities (EPC) from experienced polarization in open online discussions (EPD) and examines their associations with university students' value-related judgments and choices, including parallel indirect associations through cognitive dissonance response (CDR) and emotional contagion response (ECR). Data from 2105 valid cross-sectional self-report questionnaires collected at a university in China were randomly divided into two subsamples: 770 cases for exploratory factor analysis and 1335 cases for confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling. Indirect effects were estimated using 5000 bootstrap resamples. After adjustment for seven covariates covering demographics, internet use, and online participation, both forms of polarization experience were significantly and positively associated with CDR and ECR. Both psychological responses were also significantly and positively associated with value judgment difficulty (VJD) and value choice susceptibility (VCS). All four direct paths from the two forms of polarization experience to VJD and VCS were significant. Standardized estimates for the eight specific indirect effects ranged from 0.032 to 0.198, and all 95% bias-corrected confidence intervals excluded zero. Together, the predictors in the respective regression equations explained 44.4% of the variance in VJD and 54.5% in VCS. These findings provide statistical support for the hypothesized mediation relationships, indicating a pattern in which direct and indirect associations coexist. By distinguishing polarization experiences in specific interaction contexts, the study jointly connects cognitive and emotional responses to judgment formation and the reference points informing choices. It thereby provides empirical evidence for understanding how university students respond to online opinions and forms the basis for their evaluations and choices.</p>","PeriodicalId":8742,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences","volume":"16 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13603983/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149057521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Association Between Physical Exercise and Local Cultural Identity: Indirect Associations Through Three Dimensions of Social Support.","authors":"Boqian Sun, Ye Zhang, Yifei Chen, Xiaoming Wang","doi":"10.3390/bs16091696","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bs16091696","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Using the Physical Activity Rating Scale (PARS-3), the College Students' Local Cultural Identity Scale, and the Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS), this study surveyed 412 college students to examine the associations among physical exercise, three dimensions of social support (objective support, subjective support, and support utilization), and local cultural identity, with particular attention to the indirect associations through the three dimensions of social support. The results showed that physical exercise was positively associated with local cultural identity. Among the three dimensions of social support, only objective support showed a significant positive association with local cultural identity, whereas subjective support and support utilization did not show significant independent associations with local cultural identity. The total indirect association through the three dimensions of social support was statistically significant. Specifically, the indirect association between physical exercise and local cultural identity through objective support was significant, whereas the indirect associations through subjective support and support utilization were not significant. These findings suggest that objective support may represent one pathway linking physical exercise with local cultural identity among college students. The findings provide implications for understanding the relationship among physical exercise, social support, and local cultural identity in Chinese college students.</p>","PeriodicalId":8742,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences","volume":"16 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13603725/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149057564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Users Perceive and Respond to Digital Humans: A Scoping Review of Agency, Embodiment, Social Role, and Response Outcomes.","authors":"Xuandi Gong, Li Zeng","doi":"10.3390/bs16091700","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bs16091700","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Digital humans are emerging as a form of mediated communication, appearing as virtual influencers, virtual agents, avatars, VTubers, AI companions, and other humanlike digital entities across social media, entertainment, commerce, and online communities. Research on how users perceive and respond to these entities remains fragmented across disciplines. This scoping review synthesizes evidence on users' perceptions of and responses to digital humans. Following established scoping review guidance and PRISMA-ScR reporting principles, we searched Scopus, Web of Science, and EBSCO for English-language, peer-reviewed studies published between 2016 and 2025. Fifty-one studies met the inclusion criteria and were synthesized descriptively and thematically. The synthesis identified three recurring dimensions of user perception (i.e., perceived agency, perceived embodiment, and perceived social role) and three broad response domains: psychological, relational, and behavioral. These findings suggest that users' responses to digital humans are shaped by more than human-likeness alone, with capability, embodied presence, and social role also emerging as important interpretive dimensions. The evidence base was concentrated in marketing and commerce, with limited attention to broader media contexts, long-term interaction, cultural diversity, and negative or ambivalent responses. Overall, this review provides an evidence-organizing framework for understanding how users interpret, relate to, and act toward digital humans.</p>","PeriodicalId":8742,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences","volume":"16 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13603254/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149057470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}