Behavioral Sciences最新文献_第2页

Parent-Child Relationships and Adolescents' Non-Cognitive Skills: Role of Social Anxiety and Number of Friends. 亲子关系与青少年的非认知技能：社交焦虑和朋友数量的作用。

IF 2.5 3区心理学

Behavioral Sciences Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.3390/bs14100961

Xiaoxue Kuang, Fen Ren, John Chi-Kin Lee, Hui Li

{"title":"Parent-Child Relationships and Adolescents' Non-Cognitive Skills: Role of Social Anxiety and Number of Friends.","authors":"Xiaoxue Kuang, Fen Ren, John Chi-Kin Lee, Hui Li","doi":"10.3390/bs14100961","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bs14100961","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to examine the association between parent-child relationships and adolescents' non-cognitive skills, while also investigating the mediating effect of social anxiety and number of friends. A survey was conducted with 773 students, ranging from grade 4 to 9, in five public schools of Guangdong Province of China (49.9% male), with a mean age of 12.20 years old. Latent mediation structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data. The findings revealed that (1) the father-child relationship and mother-child relationship both had a positive influence on grit, innovation, conscientiousness, and hope; (2) social anxiety had a negative effect on adolescent non-cognitive skills including innovation, conscientiousness, and hope; (3) the number of positive friends was found to be positively associated with the development of non-cognitive skills in adolescents, whereas the presence of negative friends correlated negatively with grit but positively with innovation; (4) social anxiety emerged as a significant mediating variable between parent-child relationships and adolescents' non-cognitive skills, including innovation, conscientiousness, and hope; and (5) the mediating effect of the number of positive friends on the relationship between parent-child relationships and grit, innovation, conscientiousness, and hope was also found to be significant. Educational programs and family interventions should take these factors into account, providing a more holistic approach to supporting adolescent growth.","PeriodicalId":8742,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11505161/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142493838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cultivating Leadership and Teamwork in Medical Students Through Rowing: A Phenomenological Study. 通过赛艇培养医学生的领导力和团队精神：现象学研究。

IF 2.5 3区心理学

Behavioral Sciences Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.3390/bs14100962

Hyo Jin Kwon, Su Jin Chae

{"title":"Cultivating Leadership and Teamwork in Medical Students Through Rowing: A Phenomenological Study.","authors":"Hyo Jin Kwon, Su Jin Chae","doi":"10.3390/bs14100962","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bs14100962","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to allow us to understand the subjective experiences of medical students participating in rowing exercise classes at a medical school in South Korea and to derive implications for medical education. Accordingly, we analyzed their reflective journals, focusing on leadership and teamwork development. The study involved 40 second-year premedical students, and Colaizzi's analysis was employed to understand and structure their experiences. The comprehensive analysis revealed 149 meaningful statements expressing students' thoughts and experiences regarding the rowing exercise. From these statements, 13 meanings were synthesized, resulting in nine themes and four overarching categories, which provided a multilayered understanding of students' experiences. The factors that enhanced teamwork included communication, trust, respect among team members, and a sense of responsibility. By contrast, the hindering factors were competitiveness, impatience, and avoidance of responsibility. Before the class, a mix of anticipation, excitement, and dissatisfaction regarding the rowing exercise course was observed. However, after the class, students realized that the role of the entire team, rather than individual ability, is crucial, and collaboration with peers is key-the concept of shared leadership. This study is significant in that it demonstrates rowing's potential as a team sport to serve as an effective program for fostering collaboration and leadership within the medical school curriculum.","PeriodicalId":8742,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11505422/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142493790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Trust Dynamics in Financial Decision Making: Behavioral Responses to AI and Human Expert Advice Following Structural Breaks. 金融决策中的信任动态：结构性中断后对人工智能和人类专家建议的行为反应。

IF 2.5 3区心理学

Behavioral Sciences Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.3390/bs14100964

Hyo Young Kim, Young Soo Park

{"title":"Trust Dynamics in Financial Decision Making: Behavioral Responses to AI and Human Expert Advice Following Structural Breaks.","authors":"Hyo Young Kim, Young Soo Park","doi":"10.3390/bs14100964","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bs14100964","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores the trust dynamics in financial forecasting by comparing how individuals perceive the credibility of AI and human experts during significant structural market changes. We specifically examine the impact of two types of structural breaks on trust: Additive Outliers, which represent a single yet significant anomaly, and Level Shifts, which indicate a sustained change in data patterns. Grounded in theoretical frameworks such as attribution theory, algorithm aversion, and the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), this research investigates psychological responses to AI and human advice under uncertainty. This experiment involved 157 participants, recruited via Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk), who were asked to forecast stock prices under different structural break scenarios. Participants were randomly assigned to either the AI or human expert treatment group, and the experiment was conducted online. Through this controlled experiment, we find that, while initial trust levels in AI and human experts are comparable, the credibility of advice is more severely compromised following a structural break in the Level Shift condition, compared to the Additive Outlier condition. Moreover, the decline in trust is more pronounced for human experts than for AI. These findings highlight the psychological factors influencing decision making under uncertainty and offer insights into the behavioral responses to AI and human expert systems during structural market changes.","PeriodicalId":8742,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11505338/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142493799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Revisiting Compassion and Job Performance: A Constructive Study in South Korean Public Art Institutions. 重新审视同情心与工作绩效：韩国公共艺术机构的建设性研究》。

IF 2.5 3区心理学

Behavioral Sciences Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.3390/bs14100963

Pilyun Ahn, Sung-Hoon Ko, Yongjun Choi

{"title":"Revisiting Compassion and Job Performance: A Constructive Study in South Korean Public Art Institutions.","authors":"Pilyun Ahn, Sung-Hoon Ko, Yongjun Choi","doi":"10.3390/bs14100963","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bs14100963","url":null,"abstract":"This study empirically examines how employee compassion relates to job performance. Specifically, this study is a constructive replication and expansion of a previous study on the relationship between compassion and job performance using multiple sources of measurement. It investigates unexplored pathways within the public art sector in South Korea. Focusing on the mediating roles of positive work-related identity (PWRI) and positive psychological capital, we collected data from public art institutions in Korea, including galleries and museums, using a survey method. We tested the hypotheses using structural equation modeling and the PROCESS bootstrapping method. Our findings demonstrate a positive association between compassion and job performance, serially mediated by PWRI and positive psychological capital. Theoretically, by constructively replicating and expanding the previous findings, our study contributes to a robust understanding of how compassion could enhance employee performance. Practically, this study reinforces the value of fostering compassion and positive psychological resources to improve job performance, particularly within the public art sector.","PeriodicalId":8742,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11505322/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142493850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Start Task Crafting, Stay Away from Cyberloafing: The Moderating Role of Supervisor Developmental Feedback. 开始任务设计，远离网络逃避：主管发展反馈的调节作用。

IF 2.5 3区心理学

Behavioral Sciences Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.3390/bs14100960

Man Hai, Xuyao Wu, Bingping Zhou, Ye Li

{"title":"Start Task Crafting, Stay Away from Cyberloafing: The Moderating Role of Supervisor Developmental Feedback.","authors":"Man Hai, Xuyao Wu, Bingping Zhou, Ye Li","doi":"10.3390/bs14100960","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bs14100960","url":null,"abstract":"Cyberloafing as a production deviance behavior raises organizational concerns. Unfortunately, it is unknown how to minimize cyberloafing from a bottom-up perspective, particularly different types of cyberloafing. This study draws on the job crafting and dual-process theory to construct a framework for understanding the relationship between task crafting and passive-active cyberloafing, as well as their boundary condition (i.e., supervisor developmental feedback). We adopted a convenient sampling method, following a two-stage sampling with a time interval of 2 weeks. A sample of 614 full-time employed adults were recruited from the online survey. The results showed that: (1) Task crafting was negatively related to passive and active cyberloafing, respectively. (2) The impact of task crafting on passive cyberloafing rather than active cyberloafing was moderated by supervisor developmental feedback, such that task crafting had significant negative relations with passive cyberloafing when supervisor developmental feedback was higher (vs. lower). Overall, our research findings indicate that passive cyberloafing seems more sensitive to the organizational environment than active cyberloafing, thus different types of cyberloafing have different intervention strategies.","PeriodicalId":8742,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11505047/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142493857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Impact of AI Usage on University Students' Willingness for Autonomous Learning. 人工智能的使用对大学生自主学习意愿的影响。

IF 2.5 3区心理学

Behavioral Sciences Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.3390/bs14100956

Ling Wang, Wenye Li

{"title":"The Impact of AI Usage on University Students' Willingness for Autonomous Learning.","authors":"Ling Wang, Wenye Li","doi":"10.3390/bs14100956","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bs14100956","url":null,"abstract":"As artificial intelligence (AI) technology becomes increasingly integrated into education, understanding the theoretical mechanisms that drive university students to adopt new learning behaviors through these tools is essential. This study extends the Expectation-Confirmation Model (ECM) by incorporating both cognitive and affective variables to examine students' current AI usage and their future expectations. The model includes intrinsic and extrinsic motivations, focusing on three key factors: positive emotions, digital efficacy, and willingness for autonomous learning. A survey of 721 valid responses revealed that positive emotions, digital efficacy, and satisfaction significantly influence continued AI usage, with positive emotions being particularly critical. Digital efficacy and perceived usefulness also impact satisfaction, but long-term usage intentions are more effectively driven by positive emotions. Furthermore, digital efficacy strongly affects the willingness for autonomous learning. Therefore, higher education institutions should promote AI technology, enhance students' expectation-confirmation levels, and emphasize positive emotional experiences during AI use. Adopting a \"human-machine symbiosis\" model can foster active learning, personalized learning pathways, and the development of students' digital efficacy and innovation capabilities.","PeriodicalId":8742,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11505466/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142493868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Shedding Light on the Aftermath: Childhood Maltreatment's Role in Modifying the Association Between Recent Life Stress and Resting-State Network Connectivity. 揭示后遗症：童年虐待在改变近期生活压力与静息态网络连通性之间关系中的作用》（Childhood Maltreatment's Role in Modifying the Association Between Recent Life Stress and Resting-State Network Connectivity.

IF 2.5 3区心理学

Behavioral Sciences Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.3390/bs14100958

Jingjing Luo, Jianjun Zhu, The Nspn Consortium, Yuanyuan Chen

{"title":"Shedding Light on the Aftermath: Childhood Maltreatment's Role in Modifying the Association Between Recent Life Stress and Resting-State Network Connectivity.","authors":"Jingjing Luo, Jianjun Zhu, The Nspn Consortium, Yuanyuan Chen","doi":"10.3390/bs14100958","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bs14100958","url":null,"abstract":"Childhood maltreatment has been demonstrated to impact brain development. However, whether childhood maltreatment can influence the effects of recent stress on brain networks remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate whether childhood maltreatment moderates the longitudinal relationship between recent life stress and within- and between-network connectivity in key brain networks, including the anterior salience (ASN), central executive (CEN), default mode (DMN), and emotional regulation network (ERN). A cohort of 172 individuals from the Neuroscience in Psychiatry Network (NSPN) underwent MRI scans at two specific time points and undertook evaluations of childhood maltreatment and recent life stress. The results showed that childhood abuse moderated the association of recent life stress with the within-network connectivity of ASN and ERN but not DMN and CEN. Furthermore, recent life stress significantly interacted with childhood abuse to be associated with the between-network connectivity of ASN-DMN, ASN-CEN, ASN-ERN, DMN-ERN and CEN-ERN. Overall, among youth exposed to higher degrees of childhood abuse, greater recent life stress was longitudinally associated with increased network connectivity. Understanding these interactions can provide valuable insights for developing prevention strategies and interventions aimed at mitigating the lasting impact of childhood maltreatment on brain development and overall well-being.","PeriodicalId":8742,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11505332/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142493853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Maximizing the Impact and ROI of Leadership Development: A Theory- and Evidence-Informed Framework. 最大化领导力发展的影响和投资回报率：理论与实证框架》。

IF 2.5 3区心理学

Behavioral Sciences Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.3390/bs14100955

Jaason M Geerts

{"title":"Maximizing the Impact and ROI of Leadership Development: A Theory- and Evidence-Informed Framework.","authors":"Jaason M Geerts","doi":"10.3390/bs14100955","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bs14100955","url":null,"abstract":"Globally, organizations invest an estimated USD 60 billion annually in leadership development; however, the workplace application of learning is typically low, and many programs underperform or fail, resulting in wasted time and money and potential harm. This article presents a novel theory- and evidence-informed framework to maximize the outcomes and return on investment (ROI) of leadership development programs. The foundation of the framework derives from four separate literature reviews: three systematic reviews on leadership development, including the only two to isolate gold-standard elements of effective design, delivery, and evaluation, and one on \"training transfer\". Informed by innovative principles of leadership development and unique theoretical models and frameworks, this framework consists of 65 evidence-informed strategies that can be applied as a foundation (9), and before (23), during (17), at the conclusion of (11), and sometime after (5), programs, to maximize impact and ROI. Implications for practice and further research are also presented. Given the stakes, there is an urgent need for evidence and tools to maximize the impact and ROI of leadership development. This novel framework provides robust theory- and evidence-informed guidance for governments, policymakers, and those funding, designing, delivering, and supporting development.","PeriodicalId":8742,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11505461/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142493831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessment and Treatment of Target Behavior Maintained by Social Avoidance. 通过社交回避维持目标行为的评估和治疗。

IF 2.5 3区心理学

Behavioral Sciences Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.3390/bs14100957

Sarah K Slocum, Emily Gottlieb, Mindy Scheithauer, Colin Muething

{"title":"Assessment and Treatment of Target Behavior Maintained by Social Avoidance.","authors":"Sarah K Slocum, Emily Gottlieb, Mindy Scheithauer, Colin Muething","doi":"10.3390/bs14100957","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bs14100957","url":null,"abstract":"Past research has identified that some individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities who engage in target behavior (e.g., aggression, self-injury) maintained by negative reinforcement engage in the behavior to escape or avoid social interaction specifically (i.e., social avoidance). However, assessment and treatment strategies for this function are understudied when compared to target behavior maintained by other forms of negative reinforcement. The current study builds on this limited research and demonstrates (a) a replication of functional analysis conditions and a negative reinforcement latency assessment to identify the specific types of social interaction that evoke target behavior, and (b) an intervention that includes stimulus fading, social conditioning, and differential reinforcement for five participants with autism spectrum disorder. Participant target behavior decreased within the intervention phase for four out of five participants. The implications of strategies to guide the use of antecedent-based treatment strategies are discussed for target behavior maintained by social avoidance.","PeriodicalId":8742,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11504551/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142493672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Do Chinese Preschool Children Love Their Motherland? Evidence from the Game-Based Assessment. 中国学龄前儿童热爱祖国吗？游戏式测评的证据

IF 2.5 3区心理学

Behavioral Sciences Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.3390/bs14100959

Qianqian Liu, Xiumin Hong

{"title":"Do Chinese Preschool Children Love Their Motherland? Evidence from the Game-Based Assessment.","authors":"Qianqian Liu, Xiumin Hong","doi":"10.3390/bs14100959","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bs14100959","url":null,"abstract":"Patriotism is a topic of significant importance in many countries around the world. Preschool children play a crucial role in shaping the future, and their patriotism is closely linked to the future development of their nation. Currently, the game-based assessment has advantages over traditional evaluation methods and is more suitable for preschool children. This study employed a game-based assessment method to investigate patriotism among preschool children aged 3 to 6 years in China. The results indicated that their levels of patriotism were above average and tended to increase with age. Preschool children in the capital region scored higher on national cognitive mastery. However, preschool children's understanding of patriotism remains somewhat vague, and they often articulate and express their patriotism through concrete examples. Four types of patriotism among preschool children were identified: high-level patriotism, cognitive-based patriotism, emotional-based patriotism, and low-level patriotism. The findings of this study contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of patriotism in preschool children and provide an evidence-based reference for the development of patriotic education.","PeriodicalId":8742,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11504981/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142493801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0