Behavioral Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Ins and Outs of Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) Intervention in Promoting Social Communicative Abilities and Theory of Mind in Children and Adolescents with ASD: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Marco Esposito, Roberta Fadda, Orlando Ricciardi, Paolo Mirizzi, Monica Mazza, Marco Valenti","doi":"10.3390/bs15060814","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bs15060814","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Social-communicative abilities and theory of mind (ToM) are crucial for successful social interactions. The developmental trajectories of social and communicative skills characterizing individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are rather complex and multidimensional, including components related to theory of mind. Due to its mentalistic nature, theory of mind has been rarely addressed as an outcome for Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) intervention in children and adolescents with ASD. However, there is evidence that ABA intervention might be effective in promoting social abilities in individuals with ASD. Thus, this topic is worth investigating. We present a systematic review to explore the Ins and Outs of an ABA approach to promote social and communicative abilities and ToM in children and adolescents with ASD. We applied a PRISMA checklist to consider studies published up to December 2024. The keywords that we used were ToM, perspective-taking, false belief, social cognition, and mental states, in combination with ABA intervention and ASD (up to age 18). We searched for studies using Scopus, Google Scholar, and Medline. We included twenty studies on perspective-taking, identifying emotions, helping, detecting eye gazing, and social engagement, reviewing fifteen dedicated to teaching the interpretation of mental states (involving 49 children and 10 adolescents). The ToM was addressed with a multiple baseline design on target behaviors associated with ToM components such as identifying emotion, helping behaviors, and mental states. The intervention included a behavioral package consisting of Behavioral Skill Training, Derived Relations, video modeling, and role playing. The results indicated a significant number of participants who followed ABA intervention to promote social abilities and mastered the target behavior in ToM tasks; however, they showed maintenance and generalization issues across trials and settings. The role of predictors was highlighted. However, the studies are still rare and exhibit specific methodological limitations, as well as some clinical and ethical considerations. More research is needed to define best practices in ABA intervention to promote social abilities in individuals with ASD.</p>","PeriodicalId":8742,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences","volume":"15 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12189890/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144493896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advice-Taking for Objective Face Age Estimates Relative to Subjective Face Trustworthiness Estimates.","authors":"Joseph R Phillips, Gabrielle Weidemann, Natalie C Ebner, Phoebe E Bailey","doi":"10.3390/bs15060809","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bs15060809","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examined whether advice-taking differs when making subjective face trustworthiness estimates relative to objective face age estimates. Participants (<i>N</i> = 177) completed a judge-advisor system task to measure how much weight they would give to advice regarding the age of a face (i.e., an objective estimate with a single correct answer) versus the trustworthiness of a face (i.e., a subjective estimate without a correct answer). Measures of fluid intelligence and working memory assessed cognitive resources, and participants provided ratings of perceived difficulty and confidence for each type of estimate. The difference between initial estimates and advice provided a measure of actual difficulty for each type of estimate. We found that advice-taking was greater when estimating face age than face trustworthiness. In addition, perceived difficulty, confidence, and actual difficulty were greater for face trustworthiness than age estimates. However, greater advice-taking was associated with greater actual difficulty for face age estimates, and less actual difficulty for face trustworthiness estimates. While previous research suggests that advice-taking increases with task difficulty, the current data reveal that this may depend on type of estimate. Subjective trustworthiness estimates that were more difficult to estimate than objective age estimates were associated with less advice-taking, and this may be at least partly attributable to differing motivations underlying objective (age) vs. subjective (trustworthiness) estimations.</p>","PeriodicalId":8742,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences","volume":"15 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12189425/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144493850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Systematic Review on the Association Between Bilingualism and Theory of Mind in Adulthood.","authors":"Rowena J Xia, Brian W Haas","doi":"10.3390/bs15060815","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bs15060815","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Previous research on the relationship of bilingualism and theory of mind has largely focused on children. However, several recent studies of the theory of mind have found differences in theory of mind processing among older populations, namely adults. Given that language has been found to play an important role in the successful theory of the mind task performance of adults, it is valuable to understand the relationship of the language ability of bilingualism and theory of mind in adults. The specific focus is on studies comparing monolinguals and bilinguals in a theory of mind assessment for an adult sample. In this systematic review, we reviewed and analyzed these studies and conducted a meta-analysis. Among the studies included for meta-analysis (k = 7), we found a significant small-to-medium effect size (<i>d</i> = 0.429, <i>p</i> < 0.0001), indicating a bilingual advantage among adults. A variety of different measures for theory of mind were included in these studies. More studies are required to better understand the relationship between multiple language processing and social cognition among adults to better understand this gap in the literature.</p>","PeriodicalId":8742,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences","volume":"15 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12189124/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144493845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Exploratory Network Analysis of Discussion Topics About Autism Across Subreddit Communities.","authors":"Skylar DeWitt, Kendall Mills, Adam M Briggs","doi":"10.3390/bs15060812","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bs15060812","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Using an inductive computational approach, our present data exploration sought to use machine learning methodology to define and identify patterns and gain insight into autism-related discussions on Reddit across three different categories of subreddits: (a) individuals who self-identify as autistic, (b) parents of individuals on the autism spectrum, and (c) behavior therapists. By doing so, we sought to review authentic autism-related discussions and identify important topics that emerged across these three demographic groups, including insights related to assessing and treating challenging behavior. Following basic and advanced preprocessing, our extraction resulted in 57 subreddits and 46,914 comments from autism spectrum subreddit members, 46 subreddits and 27,838 comments from parent subreddit members, and six subreddits with 3163 comments from behavior therapist subreddit members. Subsequent network analyses revealed interesting patterns of discussion within and across subreddit groups that may be used to inform support and resources, practice considerations, and future directions for research.</p>","PeriodicalId":8742,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences","volume":"15 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12189136/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144493854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychosocial Factors Influencing Resilience in a Sample of Victims of Armed Conflict in Colombia: A Quantitative Study.","authors":"Andrés Camargo, Rafael Vargas, Alexander Rincón-Rodríguez, Elena Jiménez, Martha Trujillo-Güiza","doi":"10.3390/bs15060816","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bs15060816","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study examines the psychosocial factors influencing resilience in Colombian victims of armed conflict, highlighting the role of personal, family, and community resources in mitigating trauma. Resilience is a dynamic process that enables individuals and communities to adapt to adversity. Given Colombia's prolonged violence and forced displacement, trauma has significantly impacted both physical and emotional health.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>200 adult conflict victims were recruited through snowball sampling and completed validated scales via a secure online platform. The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10), the APGAR Family Scale, and the Brief Resilience Coping Scale assessed resilience, social support, and psychological well-being.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Findings indicate that family support was strongly associated with higher resilience, with participants exhibiting higher family support scores (mean = 15.6, SD = 4.47) demonstrating significantly greater resilience (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Additionally, resilient coping strategies (Exp(B) = 0.772, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and higher subjective happiness (Exp(B) = 0.864, <i>p</i> = 0.001) were identified as key predictors of resilience. Significant correlations were found between resilience and mental health outcomes, with higher resilience linked to lower anxiety (ρ = -0.388, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and depression (ρ = -0.388, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Education, employment, and socioeconomic status also positively influenced resilience, with individuals with higher educational levels (χ² = 21.265, <i>p</i> = 0.006) and income (χ² = 8.945, <i>p</i> = 0.030) showing higher resilience scores. In contrast, alcohol consumption (Exp(B) = 0.813, <i>p</i> = 0.014) was negatively associated with resilience.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study shows that resilience in conflict victims is influenced by both individual and social factors. Strengthening family and community support, along with improving coping strategies, is essential for long-term recovery, highlighting the need for targeted interventions to enhance psychosocial well-being in affected populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":8742,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences","volume":"15 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12190149/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144493920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Generative Artificial Intelligence Literacy: Scale Development and Its Effect on Job Performance.","authors":"Xin Liu, Longxin Zhang, Xiaochong Wei","doi":"10.3390/bs15060811","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bs15060811","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With the rapid development of generative artificial intelligence, its application in the workplace has shown significant innovative potential and practical value. However, the existing literature lacks a systematic and widely applicable definition and measurement framework for Generative AI Literacy. Based on the existing literature and following a rigorous scale development process, this study constructs a Generative AI Literacy measurement framework that covers five core dimensions, basic technical competence, prompt optimization, content evaluation, innovative application, and ethical and compliance awareness, and validates its reliability and validity. Furthermore, based on the Ability-Motivation-Opportunity (AMO) theory, this study explores the mechanism through which Generative AI Literacy influences employee job performance and examines the mediating role of Creative Self-Efficacy. The results show that Generative AI Literacy has a significant positive impact on job performance (<i>β</i> = 0.680, <i>p</i> < 0.001), with Creative Self-Efficacy playing a partial mediating role (indirect effect = 0.537). The developed five-dimensional framework demonstrates strong psychometric properties and provides empirical evidence for AI literacy's role in enhancing workplace performance through Creative Self-Efficacy mechanisms. This study provides an effective measurement tool for research on the application of Generative AI Literacy in workplace settings and offers practical insights for organizations to optimize performance and promote the responsible use of AI.</p>","PeriodicalId":8742,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences","volume":"15 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12189696/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144493799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Problematic Use of the Internet and Cybervictimization: An Empirical Study with Spanish Adolescents.","authors":"Verónica Marcos, Francisca Fariña, Manuel Isorna, Santiago López-Roel, Katia Rolán","doi":"10.3390/bs15060810","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bs15060810","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Adolescence is a critical stage for the development of behaviours related to problematic Internet and social media use, as well as for the experience of cybervictimisation. The literature highlights the need to examine these types of adolescent behaviours.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A field study was designed to analyse the prevalence of problematic Internet and social media use, as well as cybervictimisation, sexting, and grooming. In total, 666 Spanish adolescents participated, 55.4% females and 44.6% males, with an age range between 14 and 18 years (<i>M</i> = 15.27, <i>SD</i> = 1.01).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that 15.8% of the participants were diagnosed as at risk for Internet and social media addiction; 27.2% of the participants were diagnosed as cyberbullying victims; 14.7% of the sample engaged in sexting behaviours, and 34.7% engaged in grooming behaviours. Additionally, significant gender differences were found in cybervictimisation behaviours, with females scoring higher.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings are discussed in relation to the need to develop preventive and educational strategies that promote the safe and responsible use of the digital context.</p>","PeriodicalId":8742,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences","volume":"15 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12189989/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144493893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Participatory Co-Design and Evaluation of a Novel Approach to Generative AI-Integrated Coursework Assessment in Higher Education.","authors":"Alex F Martin, Svitlana Tubaltseva, Anja Harrison, G James Rubin","doi":"10.3390/bs15060808","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bs15060808","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Generative AI tools offer opportunities for enhancing learning and assessment, but raise concerns about equity, academic integrity, and the ability to critically engage with AI-generated content. This study explores these issues within a psychology-oriented postgraduate programme at a UK university. We co-designed and evaluated a novel AI-integrated assessment aimed at improving critical AI literacy among students and teaching staff (pre-registration: osf.io/jqpce). Students were randomly allocated to two groups: the 'compliant' group used AI tools to assist with writing a blog and critically reflected on the outputs, while the 'unrestricted' group had free rein to use AI to produce the assessment. Teaching staff, blinded to group allocation, marked the blogs using an adapted rubric. Focus groups, interviews, and workshops were conducted to assess the feasibility, acceptability, and perceived integrity of the approach. Findings suggest that, when carefully scaffolded, integrating AI into assessments can promote both technical fluency and ethical reflection. A key contribution of this study is its participatory co-design and evaluation method, which was effective and transferable, and is presented as a practical toolkit for educators. This approach supports growing calls for authentic assessment that mirrors real-world tasks, while highlighting the ongoing need to balance academic integrity with skill development.</p>","PeriodicalId":8742,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences","volume":"15 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12189063/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144493884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Juror Characteristics and Decision Making in a Developed Coercive Control Case.","authors":"Kacey May Barnett, Russell Woodfield, Rachel A Conlon","doi":"10.3390/bs15060803","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bs15060803","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this study was to investigate whether juror characteristics, namely, age, attitudes surrounding coercive control and psychopathic personality traits (PPT), can influence Guilty or Not Guilty verdicts in a developed coercive control trial. One hundred and thirty-five participants (N = 135) completed an online survey consisting of elements of a mock coercive control trial and three questionnaires: the Coercive Control subsection of the Modern Adolescent Dating Violence Attitudes (MADVA (CC)) Scale, the Psychopathic Personality Traits Scale-Revised (PPTS-R) and the Juror Decision Scale (JDS). The results of the analysis demonstrated significant positive correlations between MADVA (CC) scores and all four subscales of the PPTS-R, highlighting the relationship between psychopathy traits and coercive control attitudes. Binary logistic regression findings showed that higher scores on the MADVA (CC) Scale were the only significant predictor of returning a Not Guilty verdict. Those who also returned a Not Guilty verdict had more accepting controlling behaviour attitudes, scored higher for defendant believability and were less confident in their overall decision. Findings from the current study highlight the significance of attitudes in a juror decision-making context. The significance of attitudes may also be applicable to police officers and other agencies within the criminal justice system. Additional efforts need to be made regarding the identification of coercive control tactics, and training programmes should be implemented within the police to increase identification of these behaviours in order and to improve case progression. This may increase the likelihood of a jury being required in these cases. Furthermore, Not Guilty verdicts were given with significantly less confidence than Guilty verdicts, although they have the same influence at trial. More research needs to be carried out to explore the development and maintenance of accepting attitudes towards coercive control, and there is a need for better education regarding coercive control to attempt to tackle harmful attitudes towards it and aim for fairer trials.</p>","PeriodicalId":8742,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences","volume":"15 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12189182/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144493898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Older Adults' Experiences of Telephone-Delivered Behavioral Activation with Mental Imagery as a Treatment for Depression During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study.","authors":"Johnny Pellas, Mattias Damberg, Fritz Renner, Julie L Ji, Marie Kivi","doi":"10.3390/bs15060807","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bs15060807","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The COVID-19 pandemic prompted the use of telehealth interventions for treating depression in older adults. We conducted a pilot study of a telephone-based brief psychological intervention, Behavioral Activation with Mental Imagery (BA-MI), for the treatment of depression in isolated older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. We achieved promising results regarding a reduction in depressive symptoms. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the participants' experiences of the intervention and provide insight into how the intervention could be improved. Fourteen participants aged 67-85 years that completed the BA-MI intervention were purposively selected and interviewed. The interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis with a descriptive phenomenological approach. BA was experienced as a good way of increasing activities and improving mood, but the opinions on MI were divided. Telephone delivery reduced barriers due to pandemic restrictions but felt less personal and lacking non-verbal communication. Being recognized and talking to a therapist every week was described as healing. When using manual-based psychological interventions, one should aim to make them as person-centered as possible by making room for the patients as individuals with both a past and a present, rather than just focusing on intervention delivery.</p>","PeriodicalId":8742,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences","volume":"15 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12189687/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144493882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}