Timothy I Lawrence, Logan Yelderman, Melissa Tolentino
{"title":"Examining the relationship between employment and self-efficacy among women on probation and parole.","authors":"Timothy I Lawrence, Logan Yelderman, Melissa Tolentino","doi":"10.1037/ser0001040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0001040","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Self-efficacy is an important aspect of successful offender rehabilitation in the community. However, few studies have tested the effects of background risk factors on changes in overall self-efficacy. Therefore, guided by the self-determination theory, the present study aims to address these limitations by exploring the impact of parole or probation status, prior substance use and violent convictions, and employment status on changes in self-efficacy of women on probation and parole (<i>N</i> = 349). Results suggested that parole and probation status and prior violent or drug-related convictions were not predictive of changes in the overall general sense of self-efficacy. However, women who gained or maintained employment reported increases in self-efficacy while women who lost employment or whose employment was reduced from full- to part-time reported decreases in self-efficacy. This research emphasizes the importance of employment in general self-efficacy. Implications are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20749,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Services","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147842116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Luke Rozema, Sarah L Cornelius, Brian Shiner, Bradley V Watts
{"title":"Receipt of psychotherapy following posttraumatic stress disorder diagnosis in veterans affairs and community settings.","authors":"Luke Rozema, Sarah L Cornelius, Brian Shiner, Bradley V Watts","doi":"10.1037/ser0001041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0001041","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The likelihood of receiving psychotherapy following a posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnosis has been linked to patient and diagnosing clinician characteristics. This study sought to assess how the probability of receiving psychotherapy following an incident diagnosis of PTSD is influenced by patient rurality, location of diagnosis (Department of Veterans Affairs [VA] or community care), and clinician type. We examined a cohort of veterans (<i>n</i> = 663,256) who received an incident diagnosis of PTSD at a VA or community health care facility between 2019 and 2023. Patients were stratified by rurality, location of diagnosis, and clinician type. Covariates included patient demographics, psychiatric and medical comorbidities, prior VA service use, and prior psychiatric treatment. Probabilities of receiving psychotherapy following PTSD diagnosis were calculated using logistic regression with a three-way interaction of patient rurality, diagnosing clinician, and location of diagnosis. Compared with those diagnosed in the VA, patients diagnosed in the community were more frequently rural, less frequently diagnosed in an outpatient setting, and less frequently diagnosed by social workers, psychologists, psychiatrists, and nonphysician prescribing clinicians. Across all rurality strata, patients diagnosed by mental health clinicians had a high probability of receiving psychotherapy regardless of the location of diagnosis. By contrast, across all rurality strata, patients diagnosed by nonmental health providers had a significantly lower probability of receiving psychotherapy when diagnosed in the community instead of the VA. PTSD diagnoses inside the VA are given by different clinician types than those given in the community, and, in some cases, this is associated with lower initiation of psychotherapy following diagnosis. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20749,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Services","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147842062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Emily R Edwards, Sharon Alter, Ryan Holliday, Anthony Fortuna, Matthew Stimmel
{"title":"Psychosocial needs of incarcerated veterans with other than honorable discharge characterizations.","authors":"Emily R Edwards, Sharon Alter, Ryan Holliday, Anthony Fortuna, Matthew Stimmel","doi":"10.1037/ser0000956","DOIUrl":"10.1037/ser0000956","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Veterans Health Administration recently expanded eligibility to allow behavioral health care for veterans with \"other than honorable\" (OTH) discharge characterizations, a group with unique demographic and psychosocial needs, including overrepresentation in criminal-legal contexts. To guide the integration of these veterans into Veterans Health Administration behavioral health care settings, this study offers initial insight into the needs of veterans with OTH involved in the criminal-legal system. Using data from the 2016 Survey of Prison Inmates, analyses compared incarcerated veterans with OTH (<i>n</i> = 179) to those with honorable or general discharge characterizations (<i>n</i> = 1,335) on demographic profile, criminal-legal history, and psychosocial factors. Veterans with OTH were more often younger, persons of color, incarcerated for drug-related offenses, diagnosed with psychotic and personality disorders, experiencing housing and occupational instability immediately preceding arrest, and with a history of substance use treatment. Results highlight the need for culturally sensitive approaches capable of addressing complex difficulties commonly faced by this population. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20749,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Services","volume":" ","pages":"398-402"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12353753/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143670469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tracy Herrmann, Amir Ramezani, Ryan Lackner, William R Marchand, Danielle Perez, Allison O'Connor, Joanna E Bettmann
{"title":"Veterans' engagement in mindfulness practices following intervention.","authors":"Tracy Herrmann, Amir Ramezani, Ryan Lackner, William R Marchand, Danielle Perez, Allison O'Connor, Joanna E Bettmann","doi":"10.1037/ser0000950","DOIUrl":"10.1037/ser0000950","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mindfulness-based interventions are complementary and integrative health interventions, widely used for mental health. However, while these interventions show significant benefits for veterans, veterans are more likely to drop out of mindfulness-based interventions than other treatments. This study aimed to evaluate veterans' motivations for and long-term engagement in mindfulness practices following mindfulness-based interventions. One hundred sixty-one veterans completed phone surveys 6-12 months after receiving mindfulness interventions through the Veteran Affairs Health Care System. Bivariate statistics were utilized to estimate relationships between demographic variables and theme scores, effect size for significant findings, and to estimate relationships between theme scores. Veterans reported that they sought treatment for trauma, health concerns, depression, and anxiety. They reported benefits from treatment in their depressive symptoms, anxiety, health concerns, and pain levels. More than half of participants reported maintaining a daily mindfulness practice following treatment. Findings suggest that different types of mindfulness interventions had comparable outcomes at follow-up, but demographic variables correlated with different veteran outcomes. Presenting certain mindfulness skills early in mindfulness-based intervention programming and building daily mindfulness practices throughout treatment may help veterans access the most efficacious components of mindfulness-based intervention and reduce the likelihood of dropout. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20749,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Services","volume":" ","pages":"367-374"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144529411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Psychological health of Irish physicians.","authors":"Annemarie Farren, Frederique Vallieres, Meg Ryan","doi":"10.1037/ser0000975","DOIUrl":"10.1037/ser0000975","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to understand the factors contributing to psychological distress among nonconsultant hospital doctors in Ireland. To achieve this goal, we first sought to identify correlates of psychological distress among help-seeking physicians and, second, to explore the experiences of doctors working within Irish hospitals. The study employed a mixed-method approach. Correlates of psychological distress were identified through a secondary analysis of data obtained from <i>n</i> = 170 physicians accessing counseling services from 2020 to 2022, collected by the Royal College of Physicians of Ireland. Multiple linear regression was used to examine how age, gender, specialty, work hours, mental health history, and familial background were associated with increased vulnerability to adverse mental health, measured by a psychologist's \"level of concern\" for the physician. In addition, physician's experiences of working within Irish hospitals were explored using semistructured interviews with <i>n</i> = 10 doctors. Data were analyzed through thematic analysis. Descriptive statistics indicated a higher proportion of female doctors seeking counseling services, with 123 out of 170 female participants. Greater concern for physician's well-being was associated with younger age, less years of training, and female sex. Workplace culture, barriers to accessing mental health resources, illegal working hours, and understaffing all emerged as themes describing physicians' experiences of working in Irish hospitals. These findings underscore the multifaceted nature of psychological distress among nonconsultant hospital doctors and emphasize the importance of addressing systemic barriers to support their mental well-being. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20749,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Services","volume":" ","pages":"387-397"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144966321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alysia M Robertson, Tegan Cruwys, Anika Quayle, Mark Stevens, Michael J Platow, Brett Scholz
{"title":"Goldilocks disclosures: A qualitative exploration of when therapist self-disclosure of lived experience is \"just right\".","authors":"Alysia M Robertson, Tegan Cruwys, Anika Quayle, Mark Stevens, Michael J Platow, Brett Scholz","doi":"10.1037/ser0000959","DOIUrl":"10.1037/ser0000959","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite increasing employment of peer workers, primarily hired for their lived experience of mental health issues, concerns remain regarding the appropriateness of clinical health professionals (e.g., psychologists, counselors) disclosing their own lived experience. This qualitative study examined how therapists' lived experience disclosures are perceived by clients and other therapists. Participants (160 clients and 158 therapists) shared their experiences with therapist disclosure and responded to one of four hypothetical scenarios. Reflexive thematic analysis identified key themes that highlighted the tension between disclosures demonstrating humanity versus professionalism, openness versus a client-centered approach, and empathy versus competence. Themes also highlighted the challenge of getting disclosures \"just right,\" ensuring therapists had established rapport, kept disclosures brief and relevant, and shared experiences from which they had recovered. The findings underscored the trade-offs between the potential benefits and harms of disclosure, highlighting some conditions under which disclosure is considered appropriate and best supports the client. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20749,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Services","volume":" ","pages":"375-386"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143670457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
John C Moring, Clara E Dismuke-Greer, Patricia A Resick, Stacey Young-McCaughan, Jordan Ortman, Cindy McGeary, Casey L Straud, Margaret-Anne Mackintosh, Ron Acierno, Sheila A M Rauch, Leslie A Morland, Alan L Peterson
{"title":"Cost-effectiveness of evidence-based psychotherapies for PTSD: An examination of different treatment delivery modalities.","authors":"John C Moring, Clara E Dismuke-Greer, Patricia A Resick, Stacey Young-McCaughan, Jordan Ortman, Cindy McGeary, Casey L Straud, Margaret-Anne Mackintosh, Ron Acierno, Sheila A M Rauch, Leslie A Morland, Alan L Peterson","doi":"10.1037/ser0001010","DOIUrl":"10.1037/ser0001010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The goal of this study was to examine the cost-effectiveness of evidence-based psychotherapies for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), including prolonged exposure and cognitive processing therapy, by comparing four delivery modalities: home-based telehealth (patient in home), office-based telehealth (patient in one office, provider in another), in-home in-person, and in-office in-person. Pooled data from 268 veterans enrolled in two harmonized PTSD clinical trials were used to examine costs related to personnel, travel mileage, and office space. Cost-effectiveness was calculated using an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio that included unadjusted medians of cost differences between modalities and percent change in clinical outcomes. <i>K</i>-sample equality of medians tests were used to ascertain statistical significance in differences across treatment modalities for the total cohort, as well as for cohorts based on greater baseline PTSD severity (baseline Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for <i>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,</i> fifth edition, score ≥39 points), for the half of participants who did not respond as well to therapy, and for those who experienced reliable change in PTSD symptoms. The median incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was -$81 across all treatment modalities, -$92 for in-office in-person, -$92 for home-based telehealth, -$131 for office-based telehealth, and -$55 for in-home in-person. Sensitivity analyses examining baseline PTSD severity and responder status are also presented. Cost-effectiveness differed across treatment modalities, but only for those who were considered treatment responders. Shared decision making can help clinicians determine the best therapy delivery approach for each patient suffering from PTSD. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20749,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Services","volume":" ","pages":"282-292"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146053373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Keegan J Diehl, Paul B Ingram, Louis A Pagano, Hunter J Gideon
{"title":"Patterns of Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF) validity scale elevation across veterans seen in a Veterans Affairs (VA) assessment clinic: The impact of compensation status.","authors":"Keegan J Diehl, Paul B Ingram, Louis A Pagano, Hunter J Gideon","doi":"10.1037/ser0000946","DOIUrl":"10.1037/ser0000946","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of this investigation is to provide descriptive information on veteran response styles for compensation and pension (C&P) evaluations Veterans Affairs (VA) referral types using the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF), which has well-supported embedded validity scales capturing invalid response styles. The total sample included 356 veterans from a single VA psychological testing clinic who were administered the MMPI-2-RF during a broader psychological evaluation, with 201 veterans undergoing C&P evaluations. This study examines frequencies of protocol invalidity based on the MMPI-2-RF's validity scales and provides comprehensive descriptive findings on validity scale scores across appointment types (i.e., C&P and non-C&P). Three distinct trends emerged: (1) Veterans generally produced valid MMPI-2-RF profiles, (2) when more than one elevation emerges, it is likely to be thematically consistent (e.g., overreporting scales), and (3) overreporting generally captured the highest frequency of validity scale elevations relative to underreporting or noncontent-based invalid responding. Implications and limitations for practice and the utility of the MMPI-2-RF within VA testing clinics are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20749,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Services","volume":" ","pages":"307-315"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143492559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mackenzie Brackett-Wisener, Anderson Rowan, Lisandra Mendoza, Elena McSwain
{"title":"Women veterans in Primary Care-Mental Health Integration (PC-MHI) settings: A scoping literature review.","authors":"Mackenzie Brackett-Wisener, Anderson Rowan, Lisandra Mendoza, Elena McSwain","doi":"10.1037/ser0000953","DOIUrl":"10.1037/ser0000953","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Women veterans (WV) present to Veterans Health Administration with mental health and medical treatment needs that differ from men and civilian women. Primary Care-Mental Health Integration (PC-MHI), which provides short-term, evidence-based mental health care, is often the first point of mental health assessment and intervention for veterans. Little research exists on gender-specific care, procedures, and impact for WV in PC-MHI, and many mental health providers feel ill-trained to address WV-specific concerns. This project aimed to identify the unique mental health necessities of WV within PC-MHI as compared with men, to support Veterans Health Administration Directive 1330.01 regarding providing gender-specific care, cultural competence among mental health providers, and underresearched areas for further exploration to make a valuable contribution to the mission of PC-MHI regarding training, education, and implementation of gender-specific procedures. Using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, nine sources published between 2005 and 2023 were included. Results were organized by gender comparisons, gender-specific care in PC-MHI, and mental health for WV. Preliminary sources indicate that WV present to PC-MHI with nuanced mental health concerns and utilize PC-MHI more than men. Subsequently, PC-MHI has promising potential to address gender-specific needs for WV. This review highlights the need for adaptation in mental health screening for WV in periods of increased mental health risk (e.g., postpartum) and across the lifespan. Findings emphasize the need for additional research on WV needs and gender-specific care in PC-MHI, as well as increased provider training, and establishment of evidence-based clinical guidelines and policies for WV in PC-MHI. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20749,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Services","volume":" ","pages":"335-345"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143670731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mark Olver, Franca Cortoni, Richard B A Coupland, Tamsin Higgs, Neil R Hogan, Kathy Lewis, Audrey Gordon, Stephen C P Wong
{"title":"Discrimination and calibration properties of Violence Risk Scale scores as a function of Indigenous Canadian heritage in a multisite forensic-correctional sample.","authors":"Mark Olver, Franca Cortoni, Richard B A Coupland, Tamsin Higgs, Neil R Hogan, Kathy Lewis, Audrey Gordon, Stephen C P Wong","doi":"10.1037/ser0000972","DOIUrl":"10.1037/ser0000972","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study examined the discrimination and calibration properties of Violence Risk Scale (VRS; Wong & Gordon, 1999-2023) risk and change scores in a predominantly adult male, combined sample of Indigenous (<i>n</i> = 439) and non-Indigenous, White majority (<i>n</i> = 597) persons with conviction histories for violent offenses; approximately, two thirds of whom completed risk-need-responsivity based violence reduction treatment services. Indigenous men tended to score higher on VRS static, dynamic, and total scores and to be classified as higher risk; however, there were no differences between the groups in treatment change. In the aggregate sample, VRS total scores demonstrated broadly medium to large effects in the prediction of violent and general recidivism (median AUCs = .72 [Indigenous] and .71 [non-Indigenous]) across ethnocultural groups. Conversely, VRS change scores (controlling for pretreatment score) were significantly associated with decreased violent and general recidivism for Indigenous persons (median AUC = .62) but considerably less so, with small or lower effects, for non-Indigenous persons (median AUC = .48). These results were upheld when effect sizes were aggregated across the samples through meta-analysis. Calibration analyses demonstrated that integrating risk and change information via logistic regression modeling decreased disparities between ethnoracial groups in rates of recidivism associated with VRS scores. Implications for violence risk assessment, treatment, and management using the VRS with Indigenous persons who have a history of criminal violence are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":20749,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Services","volume":" ","pages":"316-334"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144529408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}