Behavioural Brain Research最新文献

{"title":"Beyond the nerve: Understanding cortical contributions to post-paralytic facial synkinesis.","authors":"Kyle Singerman, Angela Kaczorowski-Worthley, Uma Ramesh, Rebecca J Lepping, John Flynn","doi":"10.1016/j.bbr.2026.116254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2026.116254","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Patients with post-paralytic facial synkinesis (PPFS) experience a diverse array of neuronal changes from aberrant peripheral neurogenesis to cortical changes. The aim of this review is to utilize a comprehensive search strategy to (1) identify studies using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to evaluate PPFS, and (2) synthesize the available evidence for any unifying structural and functional cortical changes which hold promise for future investigation. A search of Pubmed and Embase databases was conducted with a research librarian. Articles were then screened and reviewed independently by two authors. Inclusion criteria specified studies reporting quantitative imaging evaluation of post-paralytic facial synkinesis. Cerebral cortical changes were evaluated using diffuse tensor imaging, task-based, and resting-state fMRI. Specific assessments of sameness (Dice coefficients), transmission patterns (functional anisotropy), synchronization (Voxel-Mirrored Homotopic Connectivity: VMHC), intrinsic activity (Amplitude of Low Frequency Fluctuations: ALFF), and network efficiency (rich-club nodes) were all examined. Of the 359 studies identified, 13 studies met inclusion criteria. The cortical changes observed included diffuse/overlapping activation patterns, impaired interhemispheric communication, structural brain changes, and structural/functional connectivity mismatch. Evidence of cortical reorganization is apparent in post-paralytic facial synkinesis. Maladaptive neuroplasticity is a hallmark of multiple neuropathologic disorders and should be investigated as a future therapeutic target.</p>","PeriodicalId":8823,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Brain Research","volume":"510 ","pages":"116254"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147833006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus responds differentially to genistein exposure during development in male and female rats in the long term.","authors":"Ulises Primo, Jose Manuel Fernandez-Garcia, Paloma Collado, Helena Pinos, Beatriz Carrillo","doi":"10.1016/j.bbr.2026.116252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2026.116252","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Genistein may act as an endocrine disruptor due to its structural similarity to estradiol. Exposure to genistein during development has been shown to alter neuromorphology and G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) expression in the arcuate nucleus in adult rats. In this study, we investigated the long-term effects of genistein exposure in the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMH) during the second week of life. Rats of both sexes were injected daily (s.c.) from postnatal day 6-13, with the following treatments: I) corn oil vehicle (control group); II) 10 μg/g of genistein (G10); and III) 50 μg/g of genistein (G50). Morphometric analyses of the VMH in Nissl-stained and GPER-immunostained brain sections were performed at P90 using ImageJ software. In males, the low dose of genistein provoked a significant increase of GPER-ir neurons in the dorsomedial, central and ventrolateral subdivisions and in the medial division, as well as in the total VMH, while in females no effects in GPER-ir neurons were observed. In females, the high dose of genistein produced a significant decrease of Nissl-stained neurons in the ventrolateral subdivision and medial division, but no effect was detected in males. Early exposure to genistein may differentially alter the VMH in the long-term depending on the sex, dose, and subdivision studied.</p>","PeriodicalId":8823,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Brain Research","volume":"510 ","pages":"116252"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147833136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clostridium butyricum and its metabolite spermidine delay cognitive decline during natural brain aging by reducing inflammation and oxidative stress.","authors":"Shufen Wu, Jingyuan Zhang, Yiru Yin, Enhui Li, Yu Zhang, Jianguo Li, Xiaorong Yang, Xin Zhao, Xiang Zan, Zhengyin Guo, Zihan Feng, Jianing Xie, Chenlong Cui, Lijun Zhao, Ce Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.bbr.2026.116253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2026.116253","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Brain aging primarily manifests as cognitive decline. Spermidine (SPD) is known to ameliorate age-related cognitive decline, and the gut microbiota is an important source of SPD. Clostridium butyricum (C. butyricum), a probiotic, can alleviate cognitive decline in individuals with various neurodegenerative diseases, and C. butyricum might generate SPD. However, the role of C. butyricum in natural brain aging and the efficacy of C. butyricum and the metabolite SPD in ameliorating age-related cognitive decline remain unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of C. butyricum and its metabolite SPD on cognitive decline during natural brain aging and the mechanisms underlying these effects. Aged rats (aged 17 months, n = 12 per group) were randomly divided into normal saline (NS), C. butyricum (1 ×10⁸∼10⁹ CFU/ml, by gavage for two months) and SPD (6.5 mg/kg/d, by gavage for one month) groups. Compared with the NS group, the C. butyricum and SPD groups presented improved spatial reference and recognition memory, reduced aging marker levels by immunohistochemical staining, improved synaptic plasticity-related tissue structure by transmission electron microscopy and Golgi staining, and increased level of synaptophysin and BDNF by immunofluorescence staining and western blotting in the brain. Furthermore, treatment with C. butyricum and SPD enhanced intestinal barrier function and decreased serum proinflammatory factor levels and brain tissue damage due to oxidative stress. There were no significant differences in relevant indicators between the C. butyricum and SPD groups. In conclusion, C. butyricum and its metabolite SPD may delay the cognitive decline caused by normal brain aging by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation.</p>","PeriodicalId":8823,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Brain Research","volume":"510 ","pages":"116253"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147833061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Tai Chi on core motor symptoms in patients with Parkinson's disease: A three-armed randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Wenying Zhang, Xiaoting Xie, Fei Zhong, Wen Lv, Hsin-Yi Lai, Cong Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.bbr.2026.116251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2026.116251","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Given the growing role of non-pharmacological rehabilitation in Parkinson's disease and the limited comparative evidence between different exercise modalities, this study aimed to compare the effectiveness of Tai Chi and combined resistance-stretching exercise on motor symptoms, physical function, and quality of life (QOL) in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A three-armed randomized controlled trial was conducted in patients with PD at Hoehn and Yahr (H&Y) stages 2-3. The motor symptoms of patients with PD were assessed using the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Part III (UPDRS-III), Freezing of Gait Questionnaire (FOGQ), Timed Up and Go, Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire-39 (PDQ-39), while muscle fitness was evaluated using the functional reach, 30 s arm curl, 30 s chair stand, and grip strength tests before and after a 14 - week intervention.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both exercise groups showed statistically significant and potentially clinically meaningful improvements in total UPDRS-III scores, with varying degrees of change observed across different dimension scores. Tai Chi was particularly effective in enhancing muscular endurance, motor control, and balance, contributing to improved overall QOL. The combined resistance-stretching group showed more significant improvements in muscular strength, functional fitness, also resulting in improved QOL. No significant differences in FOGQ score were observed between the two exercise groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Both Tai Chi and combined resistance-stretching exercises are effective non-pharmacological interventions for improving core motor symptoms, physical function and QOL in patients with early to mid-stage Parkinson's disease, with Tai Chi particularly benefiting muscular endurance, motor control and balance ability.</p>","PeriodicalId":8823,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Brain Research","volume":"510 ","pages":"116251"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147833063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cerebellar gray matter volume changes across development: Posterolateral and vermal transient increases during adolescence.","authors":"Patricia Gil-Paterna, Johanna M Hoppe, Dagmar Timmann, Richard Apps, Ebba Widegren, Matilda A Frick, David Fällmar, Malin Gingnell, Andreas Frick","doi":"10.1016/j.bbr.2026.116250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2026.116250","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The cerebellum undergoes substantial maturation with regionally distinct developmental trajectories. This study examined cerebellar gray matter volume (GMV) in healthy children, adolescents, and adults, using voxel-based morphometry, the ACAPULCO algorithm, and the SUIT toolbox for cerebellum-optimized analyses. A total of 104 typically developing children (n = 31, 6-9 years), adolescents (n = 35, 13-17 years), and adults (n = 38, 30-40 years) were included. We hypothesized age-group differences in cerebellar GMV, with adolescents showing the greatest volume, specifically in posterolateral regions. RESULTS: revealed significant group differences in GMV. We observed region-specific volumetric patterns, with some areas (e.g., Crus II, lobule X) showing higher GMV in adolescents that in children, while other areas (e.g., lobules I-IV and VI, Crus I, vermis VI and VIIb) showed higher GMV in the adolescent group compared with both children and adults. These patterns were partly consistent with our hypothesis. Notably, no regions showed greater GMV in adults than adolescents, suggesting that the adolescent cerebellum shows a pattern consistent with transient highest GMV relative to both children and adults. Our findings indicate differential developmental patterns both between and within lobules of the cerebellum, and highlight adolescence as a period when GMV is higher relative to both childhood and adulthood, with potential implications for the development of cerebellar-supported cognitive and emotional functions that undergo significant changes during this period.</p>","PeriodicalId":8823,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Brain Research","volume":"510 ","pages":"116250"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147832984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developmental plasticity and network-level mechanisms in misophonia: A theory-building review.","authors":"Halime Sümeyra Sevmez","doi":"10.1016/j.bbr.2026.116248","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbr.2026.116248","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Misophonia is a decreased sound tolerance (DST) condition characterized by disproportionate emotional, autonomic, and behavioral responses to specific, typically low-intensity sounds. Despite increasing recognition, its neurobiological basis remains incompletely understood, particularly with respect to its typical onset during late childhood and adolescence. Existing models emphasize auditory-limbic conditioning but may not fully account for developmental vulnerability or stimulus specificity. This theory-building review proposes a developmental neurobiological framework in which misophonia is conceptualized as a disorder of perception-emotion coupling, potentially shaped by maladaptive plasticity across interacting auditory, salience, limbic, and prefrontal networks during sensitive periods of maturation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A theory-driven narrative review was conducted, integrating evidence from neuroimaging, electrophysiological, autonomic, and clinical studies. Relevant literature was identified through PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, covering the period up to early 2026. Search terms included \"misophonia,\" \"auditory processing,\" \"salience network,\" and \"development.\" Jastreboff's conditioned reflex model was considered alongside contemporary frameworks from network neuroscience. This review is selective and hypothesis-generating rather than systematic.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Available evidence suggests that exaggerated, stimulus-specific salience attribution to auditory stimuli-potentially mediated by anterior insula-centered networks-may interact with relatively immature prefrontal regulatory mechanisms during development. This interaction may contribute to the strengthening of auditory-limbic associations and the emergence of persistent, context-dependent misophonic responses.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Reframing misophonia within a developmental network framework may help situate the condition within disorders involving altered sensory appraisal and emotional regulation, while preserving its stimulus-specific profile. This perspective generates testable hypotheses and may provide a basis for future empirical research and the development of mechanism-informed intervention strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":8823,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Brain Research","volume":" ","pages":"116248"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147810441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to \"Promoting brain health and resilience: The effect of three types of acute exercise on affect, brain-derived neurotrophic factor and heart rate variability\" [Behav. Brain Res. 493 (2025) 115675].","authors":"Thomas Rawliuk, Mikal Thrones, Dean M Cordingley, Stephen M Cornish, Steven G Greening","doi":"10.1016/j.bbr.2026.116246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2026.116246","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8823,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Brain Research","volume":" ","pages":"116246"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147760957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-pharmacotherapy for craving in methamphetamine use disorder: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials","authors":"Jisheng Xu ,&nbsp;Xue Li ,&nbsp;Zhicheng Zhu ,&nbsp;Junwei Wang ,&nbsp;Yan Yang ,&nbsp;Xulin Zhou ,&nbsp;Guosi Ying","doi":"10.1016/j.bbr.2026.116084","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbr.2026.116084","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>We evaluated the effects of non-pharmacotherapy on quality of life (QOL) and craving in individuals with methamphetamine use disorder (MUD), ranking the efficacy of various protocols.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We searched multiple databases for randomized controlled trials from inception to Dec 2025. The analysis included 53 studies with 3174 participants, investigating interventions such as exercise, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), transcranial direct current stimulation, behavioral therapy, and acupuncture. The protocol was prospectively registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023443291).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>For craving reduction, both exercise and TMS demonstrated statistically significant benefits compared to conventional rehabilitation. Combined aerobic/resistance exercise and 10 Hz repetitive TMS targeting the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex emerged as the most effective specific protocols within their respective categories. Furthermore, preliminary evidence from a limited number of studies indicated that exercise, acupuncture, and behavioral therapy improved patients' QOL.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study confirms that several non-pharmacotherapies are effective for managing craving in MUD. Exercise and TMS are particularly promising for reducing craving. The findings, synthesized within a novel \"Intervention-Circuit-Symptom\" integrative framework, provide a robust evidence base to inform clinical decision-making and guide the future development of MUD treatment guidelines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8823,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Brain Research","volume":"504 ","pages":"Article 116084"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146140886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) and cognitive training (CT) for cognitive impairment: Evidence from clinical applications and basic research","authors":"Shu Xing ,&nbsp;Yuan Yuan ,&nbsp;Ping Ren ,&nbsp;Zhuangfei Chen ,&nbsp;Yu Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.bbr.2026.116078","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbr.2026.116078","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cognitive impairment is a serious pathological feature of neuropsychiatric disorders, making the exploration of effective treatments urgent. Recent research shows that combined transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) and cognitive training (CT) can reduce cognitive deficits. This review summarizes studies on neurological disorders that use both clinical patients and rodent models to highlight the underlying neural mechanisms. In patients, this combined approach improves cognitive domains such as attention, working memory, and executive function. Improvements have been observed in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), dementia (e.g., Alzheimer’s disease (AD)), Parkinson’s disease (PD), stroke, traumatic brain injury (TBI), multiple sclerosis, schizophrenia, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and depression, as well as in healthy populations. In contrast, studies on the combined intervention are lacking in rodent models of disease. However, tES and CT separately improve spatial learning and memory in AD, TBI, schizophrenia, ADHD, and healthy animals, as well as in models of vascular dementia and cerebral ischemia. The combined intervention regulates and remodels functional connectivity in brain networks, and improves cerebrovascular microcirculation and glutamatergic neurotransmission. Importantly, tES and CT may enhance each other through cooperative and complementary effects. In addition, some studies have reported the limited efficacy or negative outcomes of combined and single interventions, which may be due to suboptimal parameters or techniques that fail to target key pathologies. Future clinical trials should explore tES-CT combination strategies targeting disease-specific brain regions. Furthermore, animal studies must be strengthened to elucidate the potential mechanisms and interactions of tES and CT.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8823,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Brain Research","volume":"504 ","pages":"Article 116078"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146117571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of acute and repeated adolescent MDMA exposure on behavior, cognition, and the monoamine neurotransmitter systems: A review of human and pre-clinical research","authors":"Kristin A. Felsch,&nbsp;Jessica A. Siegel","doi":"10.1016/j.bbr.2026.116098","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbr.2026.116098","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is a psychomotor stimulant drug. While much research has examined the effects of MDMA in adults, relatively little research has examined the effects in adolescents. Adolescence is a unique period of brain development, and the effects of MDMA may differ in adolescents compared to adults. In this review, we summarize the literature on the effects of acute and repeated adolescent MDMA exposure on behavior, cognition, and the monoamine neurotransmitter systems in adolescent rodents and humans. PubMed was searched using predefined criteria, resulting in the evaluation of 1012 articles. Fifty-four articles met the search criteria, 48 of which examined the effects of adolescent MDMA exposure in adolescent rodents and 6 of which examined the effects in adolescent humans. Studies measuring the effects of acute MDMA exposure examine outcome measures following a single exposure to MDMA, and studies measuring the effects of repeated MDMA exposure examine outcome measures at some point following multiple exposures to MDMA. Exposure to acute higher doses of MDMA generally increases locomotor activity and causes impairments in the serotonin neurotransmitter system. The literature on the effects of repeated adolescent MDMA exposure shows conflicting results, and the findings are dependent on the dosing, testing environment, and timing of testing following MDMA exposure. There is a lack of literature examining the effects of MDMA in adolescent females. More research is needed with consistent exposure and dosing paradigms and in female subjects to better understand the effects of adolescent MDMA exposure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8823,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Brain Research","volume":"504 ","pages":"Article 116098"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146172450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}