Behavioural Brain Research最新文献

{"title":"Serum and cerebrospinal kappa free light chains in psychiatric syndromes with neuronal and paraneoplastic autoantibodies.","authors":"Luise M Groeger, Kristina Auf dem Brinke, Amina Simou, Daniel Luedecke, Hannah B Maier, Alexandra Neyazi, Jürgen Gallinat, Stefan Bleich, Thomas Skripuletz, Franz F Konen, Jens Wiltfang, Berend Malchow, Dirk Fitzner, Niels Hansen","doi":"10.1016/j.bbr.2025.115858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2025.115858","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Kappa free light chains (KFLC) are a surrogate parameter for intrathecal immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin A (IgA) synthesis confirming neuroinflammation in the central nervous system (CNS). It is unclear whether KFLC can differentiate primary psychiatric disorders from neural autoantibody-associated psychiatric syndromes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We enrolled 76 patients with psychiatric diagnoses ICD-10 (International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision) (F00-09, F10-19, F20-F20-29, F30-39, F40-49) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) as well as blood samples from our biobank. Commercial assays were used to determine neural autoantibodies. KFLC in serum, and CSF samples were assessed by nephelometry (Siemens Atellica NEPH 630 analyzer). We calculated the relative intrathecal fraction (IF%) of KFLC and index as a KFLC quotient and albumin quotient. Criteria for autoimmune encephalitis and autoimmune-mediated psychiatric syndromes were evaluated in patients to determine an autoimmune basis for the psychiatric symptoms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Neither the number of patients with elevated KFLC, a KFLC index nor the KFLC IF percentage served as an instrument for differentiating between autoantibody-positive (n=18) and autoantibody-negative (n=58) psychiatric patients. Patients with elevated KFLC levels in CSF had a higher proportion of lymphocytes than patients with non-elevated KFLC as a non-significant trend. We observed a non-significant trend towards higher CSF/serum IgM, but no trend for CSF/serum IgA or CSF/serum IgG ratio in patients with elevated KFLC levels than in those with non-elevated KFLC. No probable autoantibody-positive or seronegative autoimmune encephalitis was detected in patients. However, we observed an autoantibody-associated psychiatric syndrome in 6 out of 10 patients with elevated KFLC-IF, and the detection of elevated KFLC improved the diagnosis of probable autoimmune disease in 4 out of 10 patients (40%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Elevated KFLC levels may indicate psychiatric patients presenting any intrathecal immunoglobulin synthesis and thus help to evaluate an autoimmune basis in psychiatric syndromes. Furthermore, it should be added as a novel criterion for intrathecal immunoglobulin synthesis in autoimmune-related psychiatric syndromes. Further large-scale research is needed to elucidate the role of KFLC in autoimmune-mediated psychiatric disorders and to verify the observed trends in CSF parameters in patients with elevated KFLC.</p>","PeriodicalId":8823,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Brain Research","volume":" ","pages":"115858"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145211376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on functional connectivity of default network in social comparison tendency under resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging","authors":"Fenghua Zhang ,&nbsp;Jin Yang ,&nbsp;Xiaoqiang Yao ,&nbsp;Chengzhen Liu ,&nbsp;Xueyang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.bbr.2025.115859","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbr.2025.115859","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Social comparison is a crucial process for individuals engaging in social interactions. It exhibits a dual nature, capable of producing both positive and negative effects. Therefore, investigating the neural processing mechanisms underlying social comparison is of great significance. In this study, resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) was employed to analyze the functional connectivity of the default mode network (DMN) related to social comparison tendency. The results showed that stronger functional connectivity between the DMN and several cortical regions—including the supplementary motor area, inferior parietal lobule, cingulate gyrus, angular gyrus, calcarine sulcus, and superior frontal gyrus—was significantly correlated with higher levels of opinion comparison. In contrast, no significant correlation was found between ability comparison and DMN-based whole-brain functional connectivity. Furthermore, a dissociation between opinion and ability comparison was observed, and gender was identified as a moderating factor in the neural mechanisms of opinion comparison. These findings emphasize a unique relationship between opinion-based social comparison and DMN connectivity, offering novel neural insights into the processes underlying social comparison.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8823,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Brain Research","volume":"496 ","pages":"Article 115859"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145211373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of context pre-exposure and shock number on contextual fear conditioning in male and female rats.","authors":"Zoe Anderson,&nbsp;Ryan G. Parsons","doi":"10.1016/j.bbr.2025.115856","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbr.2025.115856","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Contextual fear conditioning is a form of Pavlovian conditioning in which organisms learn to associate an aversive stimulus with the environment in which it occurs. Understanding contextual fear is relevant to anxiety disorders such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and it is useful in answering basic questions regarding the neural and molecular systems underlying learning. Even though women comprise approximately half of the population and show higher rates of PTSD than men, there is a poor understanding of how sex affects contextual fear conditioning in rodents. Previous studies have produced discrepant results, with some studies reporting sex differences in contextual fear while others have observed no difference between males and females. One possibility is that parametric differences across studies might explain some of these discrepancies. Here, we tested whether the number of shocks during conditioning or pre-exposure to the conditioning context, factors known to influence the strength of contextual fear, would dictate whether sex differences in contextual fear are observed. Our results show that males exhibited higher levels of contextual fear as measured by freezing behavior, irrespective of the number of shocks or whether the rats were pre-exposed to the conditioning chamber prior to conditioning. These results indicate that sex difference in contextual fear can persist even when the experimental conditions are favorable for robust learning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8823,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Brain Research","volume":"496 ","pages":"Article 115856"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145205477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sennoside A ameliorates cognitive impairment by inhibiting USP14/ERK1/2 pathway in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes mellitus","authors":"Li Wang ,&nbsp;Zhu-qing He ,&nbsp;Ze-yu Xu ,&nbsp;You-ke Qi ,&nbsp;Yong-ning Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.bbr.2025.115853","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbr.2025.115853","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is considered a serious public health issue globally, and cognitive impairment (CI) is a severe complication in diabetic patients. Sennoside A (SA) is considered the main active ingredient of Rhubarb and is a highly promising drug for the treatment of T2DM. The study aims to assess whether SA improves cognitive impairments in T2DM mice and the its specific molecular mechanisms of action. We identified the SA effective targets and signal pathways for treating CI in T2DM by the network pharmacology method, then validated using experimental data. The key genes included in the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network are MAPK1(ERK2), CASP3(caspase-3) and postsynaptic density protein-95 (PSD95). The potential function of ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis and MAPK signaling pathway was analyzed by pathway enrichment analysis. Since ubiquitin-specific protease 14 (USP14) is emerging as a therapeutic target for T2DM, previous studies have indicated that USP14 is important for neurodevelopment and hippocampal synaptic plasticity; we were curious if the USP14/ERK1/2 pathway influences SA improves CI in T2DM mice models. Molecular docking results showed that SA had a good affinity with USP14/ERK1/2. Experimental results confirmed that SA improved glucose homeostasis, suppressed the ERS, reduced apoptosis, and attenuated Aβ formation in hippocampal CA1 and CA3 regions through the USP14/ERK1/2 pathway. The same results were acquired using IU1, a USP14 inhibitor. This study investigated the mechanism of SA in T2DM cognitive dysfunction, and provided more theoretical basis for the in-depth development and clinical promotion of SA.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8823,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Brain Research","volume":"496 ","pages":"Article 115853"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145205490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronic Cannabidiol Treatment Effects on Contextual Fear and Neuropathic Pain in Carioca Rats High and Low Conditioned Freezing.","authors":"Carolina Macêdo-Souza, Aline A Ferrarese-Tiballi, Silvia Soares Maisonnette, Flávia Rosseti, Carlos Henrique Rocha Catalão, Jaime E Hallak, José A Crippa, Antônio W Zuardi, J Landeira-Fernandez, Christie Ramos Andrade Leite-Panissi","doi":"10.1016/j.bbr.2025.115855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2025.115855","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and chronic pain often co-occur, and cannabidiol (CBD) has a promising treatment for both conditions. In this study, we evaluated whether chronic systemic treatment with CBD decreases pain sensitivity and anxiety-like behavior in a validated animal model of GAD - the Carioca rat lineages, selectively bred based on extreme responses to contextual fear conditioning: high freezing (CHF), low freezing (CLF), and a non-selected control group (CTL). Male rats from each lineage (n = 32 per group) were submitted to a chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve (CCI) or SHAM surgery. Sensory responses were assessed with the von Frey (mechanical sensitivity) and acetone (thermal sensitivity to cold) tests before CCI and on postoperative days 13 and 23. CBD (5mg/kg, i.p., daily) was administered from day 14 to 23. Locomotor and anxiety-like behaviors were evaluated using the open field test (OFT) on day 22, and contextual fear conditioning (CFC) was reassessed on day 24. CBD treatment reduced allodynia across all lineages, although this effect was less in CHF rats. In the OFT, CBD exerted an anxiolytic effect in CTL and CHF rats under CCI, and increased locomotion was observed in CLF+SHAM rats. In the CFC, CBD reduced freezing in all SHAM-treated lineages but not in CHF rats with CCI. BDNF expression in the dorsal hippocampus varied by lineages, with CBD restoring BDNF levels in CTL rats. These findings suggest that CBD has differential analgesic and anxiolytic effects across anxiety-prone and anxiety-resistant rat breeding lineages and may modulate hippocampal plasticity through BDNF. Additionally, these preclinical results can improve future strategies for managing patients with GAD and chronic pain.</p>","PeriodicalId":8823,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Brain Research","volume":" ","pages":"115855"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145197793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modern assays for assessing pain and related nociceptive and defensive actions in rodent models","authors":"Hiroyuki Arakawa","doi":"10.1016/j.bbr.2025.115854","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbr.2025.115854","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Studies on pain are urgently needed to develop effective analgesic treatments with fewer adverse effects. Laboratory rodent models are invaluable tools for examining pain and its underlying neural mechanisms. However, pain is considered a subjective experience, and its assessment in animal models relies heavily on behavioral measurements evoked in animals accompanied by the presence of noxious stimuli. Two behavioral measurement metrics are employed to objectively assess pain (i.e., nociception) and the underlying neural circuits in rodent models: (1) stimulus-evoked pain reactions as a reflective response, and (2) pain-related actions as a subsequent adaptive defense response. As a derivation from these measurements, recent developments in pain assessment assays have aimed to address spontaneous pain; e.g., non-external stimulus- evoked pain-related responses by measuring motor and autonomic actions, such as facial expressions and vocalization, accompanying the experience of pain or by detecting alterations in routine behaviors and the acquisition of adaptive reactions. Although appropriate choice and accurate assessment using these pain assays promise a better understanding of pain and its neural circuitry mechanisms, the most important requirement for performing pain assessment is to clearly determine which pain circuitry processes and relevant responses need to be assessed for the intended purpose of interest. This review covers recent updates on pain assays and applications for investigating associated neural circuit functions. (215 words)</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8823,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Brain Research","volume":"496 ","pages":"Article 115854"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145190716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alpha 1- noradrenergic receptor signalling in the dorsal raphe nucleus is critical for panic -like behaviour and defensive antinociception elicited by GABAergic disinhibition in dorsomedial, lateral and dorsal premammillary hypothalamic nuclei","authors":"Carlos José Salgado-Rohner ,&nbsp;Fernando René Bendaña-Córdoba ,&nbsp;Paloma Molina Hernandes ,&nbsp;Renata Moreira Acunha ,&nbsp;Audrey Franceschi Biagioni ,&nbsp;Priscila Medeiros ,&nbsp;Renato Leonardo de Freitas ,&nbsp;Norberto Cysne Coimbra","doi":"10.1016/j.bbr.2025.115850","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbr.2025.115850","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hypothalamic nuclei are essential for the organisation of fear-induced defensive behaviours oriented to safe places, followed by unconditioned fear-induced antinociception, whereas midbrain tectum structures are associated with non-oriented escape responses. This study aimed to investigate the involvement of the noradrenergic system in both defensive behaviour and fear-induced antinociception. Wistar rats were pre-treated with microinjections of either physiological saline (0.2 µL) or the alpha1-noradrenergic selective antagonist WB4101 (5.0 µg/0.2 µL) into the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN). After ten minutes, animals received a second microinjection of either physiological saline or bicuculline methiodide (40 ng/200 nL) into one of the following hypothalamic nuclei: dorsomedial (DMH), lateral (LH), or dorsal premammillary (PMd). Fear-induced behaviours were recorded in a circular open-field arena, and nociceptive thresholds were assessed using the tail-flick test for up to 60 min. Microinjections of WB4101 into the DRN resulted in a significant reduction in the frequency and duration of alertness, flat back approach, defensive immobility, and escape behaviours evoked by disinhibition of gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABA_A) receptors in the hypothalamic nuclei. Furthermore, a significant reduction in defensive antinociception was observed from 0 to 30 min following the end of hypothalamically orchestrated escape behaviours. These findings suggest that alpha1-noradrenergic receptors in the DRN modulate both defensive behaviour and unconditioned fear-induced antinociception elicited by impaired GABAergic neurotransmission in the hypothalamus.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8823,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Brain Research","volume":"496 ","pages":"Article 115850"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145184663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The individual differences analysis of audiovisual bounce-inducing effects","authors":"Lu Wang ,&nbsp;Xingwei An ,&nbsp;Zeliang Jiang ,&nbsp;Jie Wang ,&nbsp;Dong Ming","doi":"10.1016/j.bbr.2025.115851","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbr.2025.115851","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The audiovisual bounce-inducing effect (ABE) is a phenomenon that the brain integrates spatial and temporal information from different sensory modalities of vision and hearing. At present, some researchers have conducted research on the individual differences of the ABE, but have not considered the factor of audiovisual stimulus intervals. This study investigated the neural mechanisms underlying the intra- and inter-individual differences in subjects' ABE at different audiovisual stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs). This study adopted the experimental paradigm of Stream/Bounce illusion, in which visual and auditory stimuli were presented in 7 different SOAs. We recorded behavioral and EEG data during the experiment, compared and analyzed the amplitude differences of event-related potentials (ERPs), calculated statistical indicators, and studied the intra- and inter-individual differences of the ABE under different SOAs. The results show that in terms of the inter-individual differences in the ABE, the amplitude of N1 is more significant in the High ABE Group than the Low ABE Group at SOAs of “V100A” and “0”. Individual ABE tendencies are also significantly correlated with N1 amplitude at the two SOAs. These results reveal the effect of stimuli interval on the processing of audiovisual stimuli, there is a complex interplay between the individual's sensory processing mechanisms and the specific temporal dynamics of audiovisual integration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8823,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Brain Research","volume":"496 ","pages":"Article 115851"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145184690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of tickling and conspecific play in tame mice and golden hamsters","authors":"Sarah Dagher ,&nbsp;Darcie DeAngelo ,&nbsp;Ren Y. Sato ,&nbsp;Hiroaki Norimoto ,&nbsp;Tsuyoshi Koide ,&nbsp;Shimpei Ishiyama","doi":"10.1016/j.bbr.2025.115849","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbr.2025.115849","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Social play behaviour is a fundamental aspect of animal interaction, shaping social bonds and enhancing cognitive capacity. While studies on human-animal playful interactions have primarily focused on a few selected species, research on rodents beyond rats remains scarce. We, therefore, addressed the dynamics of social play in tame mice, selectively bred to approach human hands, and golden hamsters, comparing their responses during interactions with humans and conspecifics. Tame mice exhibited heightened playfulness with humans, marked by increased vocalisations and hand chasing behaviour, in addition to more frequent interactions and playful conspecific interactions accompanied by elevated ultrasonic vocalisations, whereas unselected control mice showed more aggressive behaviours. Hamsters showed minimal interaction with human hands, and their vocalisations were not associated with heterospecific contact. In contrast, they engaged in playful conspecific behaviours such as boxing and pinning, which were accompanied by frequent vocalisations. Notably, vocalisation patterns varied between heterospecific and conspecific engagement in both species, suggesting context-dependent vocal expression. These findings offer insights into the evolutionary basis influencing social play across species with differing social structures. Understanding these mechanisms enriches our comprehension of the diverse pathways through which animals form social bonds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8823,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Brain Research","volume":"496 ","pages":"Article 115849"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145184709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative efficacy of acupuncture-related therapies for Parkinson's disease: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.","authors":"Xuqing Mao, Wenrui Huang, Shanshan Zhang, Ting Chen, Lei Chen, Xiping Liu, Yibin Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.bbr.2025.115848","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbr.2025.115848","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Parkinson's disease (PD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder marked by progressive motor and non-motor symptoms. Although levodopa remains the standard therapy, long-term use leads to reduced efficacy and motor complications. Acupuncture-related therapies have gained attention as safe, affordable adjuncts, but the comparative effectiveness of different modalities remains uncertain.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Method: &lt;/strong&gt;We conducted a comprehensive search of Chinese and international databases to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the effectiveness of acupuncture-related therapies for PD. Eligible studies were selected based on predefined PICOS criteria. Two reviewers independently screened studies, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias using the RoB 2.0 tool. A frequentist network meta-analysis was performed using Stata SE 15.1. For continuous outcomes, mean differences were calculated; for binary outcomes, risk ratios were used. A random-effects model was applied, with heterogeneity assessed by τ² and consistency tested across the network. SUCRA values were calculated to rank the comparative efficacy of interventions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Result: &lt;/strong&gt;Fifty-seven RCTs (n = 4262; 2002-2024) were included. Interventions comprised manual acupuncture (MA), electroacupuncture (EA), warm acupuncture (WA), fire acupuncture (FA), and moxibustion (MOX), used alone or in combination with conventional medication (CM) or Chinese herbal medicine (CHM). For total effective rate (41 RCTs; n = 3086), the most pronounced benefit was observed with EA + WA + CM (RR = 3.00; 95 % CI: 1.20-7.48; SUCRA = 97 %; moderate confidence). Significant improvements were also found for MOX + CM (RR = 1.33; 1.07-1.64; SUCRA = 68.8 %), MA + CM (RR = 1.20; 1.10-1.32; SUCRA = 51.7 %), and EA + CM (RR = 1.15; 1.05-1.26; SUCRA = 38.3 %). For UPDRS (36 RCTs; n = 2655), MA + CM significantly improved motor symptoms compared with CM (MD = -0.89; 95 % CI: -1.58 to -0.20; SUCRA = 61.6 %; moderate certainty). For Webster score (5 RCTs; n = 444), both EA + CM (MD = -3.65; -5.01 to -2.28; SUCRA = 91.1 %) and MA + CM (MD = -2.62; -4.31 to -0.92; SUCRA = 61.8 %) were superior to CM. For HAMD (11 RCTs; n = 802), significant reductions in depressive symptoms were observed with MA + CM (MD = -2.41; 95 % CI: -3.48 to -1.34; SUCRA = 91.9 %) and EA + CM (MD = -2.16; 95 % CI: -3.74 to -0.58; SUCRA = 62.8 %). CINeMA ratings were low to moderate for most pairwise comparisons.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Acupuncture-based therapies provided added benefits over conventional medication for Parkinson's disease. EA + WA + CM showed the most consistent improvement in overall effectiveness, MA + CM was most effective for motor symptoms, EA + CM and MA + CM demonstrated superiority for Webster scores, and MA + CM also performed best for depressive symptoms. Although the certainty of evidence ranged from low to moderate, these findings suggest that tai","PeriodicalId":8823,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Brain Research","volume":" ","pages":"115848"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145181740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}