Behavioural Brain Research最新文献

{"title":"adgrl3.1 knockout disrupts cortisol regulation and stress reactivity, linking externalizing and internalizing behaviors","authors":"Barbara D. Fontana ,&nbsp;Nancy Alnassar ,&nbsp;William H.J. Norton ,&nbsp;Matthew O. Parker","doi":"10.1016/j.bbr.2025.115727","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbr.2025.115727","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The adhesion G protein-coupled receptor L3 (ADGRL3) protein has been implicated in various externalizing disorders (EDs), including ADHD and substance abuse disorder. Previous work has shown that zebrafish with a homozygous knockout of <em>adgrl3.1 (adgrl3.1</em>^<em>-/-</em><em>)</em> not only show altered externalizing behaviors, but also altered internalizing behaviors, such as anxiety. Here, we aimed to understand the functional significance of <em>adgrl3.1</em> across both externalizing and internalizing behaviors, to understand if there was an intrinsic link between externalizing disorders and comorbid internalizing symptoms. To further understand the role of this gene in anxiety and stress reactivity, we investigated the behavioral and physiological responses of <em>adgrl3.1</em> knockouts to several anxiety-related behavioral tasks, and when challenged with an acute stressor, conspecific alarm substance (CAS). This included measuring stress-related markers both at baseline and during stress, including cortisol levels and expression of the genes <em>bdnf</em> and <em>gr</em>. We found that <em>adgrl3.1</em>^<em>-/-</em> exhibited increase in bottom-dwelling in the novel tank diving test and greater preference for the dark zone in the light/dark task, both indicative of heightened anxiety-like behavior. These animals also showed a disrupted stress response, characterized by lower baseline cortisol levels together with increased cortisol response to CAS. <em>adgrl3.1</em>^<em>-/-</em> also exhibited increased repetitions in the FMP Y-maze, which, when combined with stress, reflected a shift toward more rigid behavioral strategies and impaired cognitive flexibility<em>.</em> Our findings suggest that the <em>adgrl3.1</em> gene plays an important role in regulating stress reactivity and cognitive function. Overall, our study provides novel evidence of the functional significance of <em>adgrl3.1</em> in both externalizing and internalizing behaviors, particularly via its role in modulating physiological responses to stress.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8823,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Brain Research","volume":"494 ","pages":"Article 115727"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144595626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of chronic exposure to violent virtual avatars on players' aggressive behavior: An ERP study","authors":"Lijun Sun ,&nbsp;Xue Zhang ,&nbsp;Xuelian Li ,&nbsp;Ziqi Liu ,&nbsp;Shiyi Li ,&nbsp;Yajing Si ,&nbsp;Weijun Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.bbr.2025.115731","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbr.2025.115731","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Short-term exposure to virtual avatars in violent video games has a short-term effect on players' aggressive behavior, but few studies have focused on the effect of chronic exposure to virtual avatars in violent video games on players' aggressive behavior, and its cognitive neural mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of chronic exposure to virtual avatars on players' aggressive behavior in violent video games and its cognitive neural mechanism. 54 undergraduates were selected (27 participants with violent virtual avatars exposure) to complete a competitive reaction time task, during which participants' EEG were recorded. Results indicated that in the decision phase, compared with the control group, violent virtual avatar exposure group showed lower P2 amplitude and more negative DRN amplitude. In the outcome phase, there was no significant feedback related negativity (FRN) amplitude difference between two groups on the winning feedback, while the violent virtual avatar exposure group showed greater FRN amplitude on the losing feedback. These results suggest that chronic exposure to violent virtual avatars have a chronic effect on players' aggressive behavior, and the internal cognitive neural mechanism is that chronic exposure to violent virtual avatars has an impact on the decision phase and the outcome phase of players' aggressive behavior.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8823,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Brain Research","volume":"494 ","pages":"Article 115731"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144595627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chrysin prevents acute stress-induced anxiety-like, but not despair-like, behavior in a rat model of surgical menopause: Association with Fos-immunoreactivity in the lateral septum","authors":"Oscar Jerónimo Olmos-Vázquez ,&nbsp;María de Jesús Rovirosa-Hernández ,&nbsp;León Jesús German-Ponciano ,&nbsp;Abraham Puga-Olguín ,&nbsp;Gabriel Guillén-Ruiz ,&nbsp;Jonathan Cueto-Escobedo ,&nbsp;Emma Virginia Herrera-Huerta ,&nbsp;Juan Francisco Rodríguez-Landa","doi":"10.1016/j.bbr.2025.115726","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbr.2025.115726","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Low concentrations of ovarian hormones resulting from ovariectomy increase susceptibility to the adverse effects of stress. In rats, long-term ovariectomy enhances anxiety- and despair-like behaviors and reduces Fos immunoreactivity in the lateral septum (LS)—a brain region implicated in the pathophysiology of anxiety and depression, as well as the pharmacologic effects of anxiolytic and antidepressant agents. The flavonoid chrysin has demonstrated anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like effects in preclinical studies; however, its ability to prevent stress-induced behavioral and neurobiological changes in ovariectomized rats remain unknown. Female Wistar rats, 11 weeks post-ovariectomy, were assigned to six groups: control (no manipulation); vehicle; chrysin (0.5, 1, or 2 mg/kg, intraperitoneally), or diazepam (2 mg/kg, intraperitoneally). Treatments were administered for seven consecutive days, and 1 h after the final injection, rats were exposed to a 15-minutes swim-induced stress session. Behavioral outcomes were assessed 24 h later using the elevated plus maze, locomotor activity test, and forced swim test. Fos immunoreactivity in the LS was also quantified. Acute stress increased anxiety- and despair-like behaviors and significantly reduced Fos immunoreactivity in the LS. Chrysin at 1 and 2 mg/kg prevented anxiety-like, but not despair-like behavior, and restored Fos immunoreactivity in the ventral LS. Locomotor activity was unaffected across all groups. These findings suggest that long-term ovariectomy heightens vulnerability to stress-induced anxiety- and despair-like behavior, which may be partially mitigated by chrysin. Although chrysin showed potential as a nonhormonal strategy for managing anxiety associated with surgical menopause, challenges related to its low solubility, poor bioavailability, and limited toxicological data warrant future investigation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8823,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Brain Research","volume":"494 ","pages":"Article 115726"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144605751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quassin exerts anti-neuroinflammatory and antidepressant effects through upregulation of A20-mediated modulation of microglia polarization","authors":"Jie Zhao ,&nbsp;Liyan Sun ,&nbsp;Jiaqi Li ,&nbsp;Yunhui Jia ,&nbsp;Yifei Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaohong Pan ,&nbsp;Xiangyong Liu ,&nbsp;Min Yang ,&nbsp;Zhipeng Li","doi":"10.1016/j.bbr.2025.115725","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbr.2025.115725","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Depression is strongly associated with microglia-mediated neuroinflammation, with various studies reporting that modulating the polarization state of microglia is an effective strategy to inhibit neuroinflammation. Quassin, a natural triterpenoid found in the bark of the <em>Quassin amara</em>, has been reported to possess several pharmacological activities. However, its anti-neuroinflammatory and antidepressant effects remain unknown. In this study, a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated mouse model was used to examine the anti-neuroinflammatory and antidepressant effects of quassin, and the effect of quassin on microglia was additionally examined in an LPS-induced BV2 model. Further, a PC12 cell model stimulated by BV2 cells in conditioned medium was also established to verify the protective effect of quassin against neuroinflammation-induced neuronal injury. The results of behavioral tests revealed that quassin can inhibit the depressive behaviors of mice. We additionally found that quassin upregulated the expression of A20 and inhibited activation of the NF-κB pathway, further inhibited the M1 microglial markers, and increased the M2 microglial markers. Other investigations concluded that quassin promoted the assembly of the A20 complex and suppressed TRAF6. Finally, this study demonstrated for the first time that quassin exerted anti-neuroinflammatory and antidepressant effects through the upregulation of A20-mediated modulation of microglia polarization. To our knowledge, this study is the first to demonstrate that quassin has potential application value in treating neuroinflammatory-related diseases, especially depression.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8823,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Brain Research","volume":"494 ","pages":"Article 115725"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144599240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Placental alterations related to neurodevelopmental and associated disorders","authors":"Isabela Drehmer ,&nbsp;Brayan Braz-Barbosa ,&nbsp;Carmem Gottfried ,&nbsp;Júlio Santos-Terra ,&nbsp;Iohanna Deckmann","doi":"10.1016/j.bbr.2025.115721","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbr.2025.115721","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), are conditions that are triggered during neurodevelopment in embryonic life and persist in postnatal life, leading to behavioral impairments. Despite the rising prevalence and extensive research, the mechanism behind the etiology of both disorders is not completely known. This narrative review explores the intricate interplay of genetic and environmental risk factors within the placenta, a pivotal transient organ crucial for fetal sustenance, and its role in the bidirectional passage of nutrients, gases, waste, hormones, and inflammatory mediators between the mother and fetus. We present a comprehensive overview of placental alterations associated with the diagnosis of NDDs (ASD and ADHD) and fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). Through this review, potential molecular targets emerged like epigenetic markers for ASD, immune alterations for ADHD, and altered gene expression for FASD, highlighting specific roles of the placenta in different contexts of NDDs</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8823,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Brain Research","volume":"494 ","pages":"Article 115721"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144574773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neural evidence for attentional resource allocation to postural control using brain-body imaging","authors":"Sodiq Fakorede ,&nbsp;Fatimah Alkhameys ,&nbsp;Ke Liao ,&nbsp;Laura Martin ,&nbsp;Hannes Devos","doi":"10.1016/j.bbr.2025.115716","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbr.2025.115716","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To examine whether bipedal stance (quiet standing) requires more attentional resources than sitting during a concurrent cognitive task.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>126 adults completed an auditory oddball task in both standing and sitting positions. Neural activity was recorded using electroencephalography (EEG) in a mobile brain-body imaging setup. Univariate analysis compared P3 event-related potentials (ERP) across conditions during frequent, rare, and novelty stimuli. Multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) with a support vector machine (SVM) was used to decode ERP signals between standing and sitting conditions.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The P3b component, associated with conscious stimulus evaluation, showed lower amplitude in the standing condition at the parietal channel (Pz). No significant differences were found in the P3a component at the frontal channel (Fz). MVPA effectively distinguished ERP signals between standing and sitting conditions from 100 ms to 800 ms post-stimulus.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Upright stance requires more attentional resources, diverting focus from concurrent cognitive tasks that require conscious decision making. Machine learning models reveal that quiet standing also influences sensory and motor-related neural activity, indicating that postural demands not only impact neural activity related to cognitive performance, but also motor and sensory processing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8823,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Brain Research","volume":"494 ","pages":"Article 115716"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144574772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-depressant effects of a human telomerase-derived peptide GV1001 in an animal model of chronic restraint stress","authors":"Dayoung Kim ,&nbsp;Younghwan Lee ,&nbsp;Sangjae Kim ,&nbsp;Seong-Woon Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.bbr.2025.115724","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbr.2025.115724","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Depression is a common cause of mental illness in the modern world, and the wide variation in symptoms makes it difficult to develop suitable antidepressants. The commonly used serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) cause many side effects, making it imperative to develop alternative treatments. GV1001, a 16-amino acid peptide derived from human telomerase reverse transcriptase, has shown various neuroprotective effects in recent studies. However, its effects on depression were unknown. In this study, we found that the administration of GV1001 rescued cognitive deficits, anxiety-, and depressive-like behaviors in a mouse model of chronic restraint stress (CRS). GV1001 efficiently reduced the increased serum corticosterone level and suppressed activation of the hypothalamic CRH neurons, suggesting the modulation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis. Collectively, our findings provide evidence for a novel antidepressant efficacy of GV1001.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8823,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Brain Research","volume":"494 ","pages":"Article 115724"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144567022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive underpinnings of stress-induced skilled walking performance levels: The independent roles of memory and spatial orientation in mice","authors":"Lucas Athaydes Martins ,&nbsp;Aniuska Schiavo ,&nbsp;Francisco Sindermann Lumertz ,&nbsp;Thiago Wendt Viola ,&nbsp;Léder Leal Xavier ,&nbsp;Régis Gemerasca Mestriner","doi":"10.1016/j.bbr.2025.115722","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbr.2025.115722","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Stress exerts a profound yet complex influence on motor adaptation, with its effects on skilled walking performance mediated by cognitive and neurobiological factors. This study explored the impact of unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) during adolescence on skilled walking performance in male and female Balb/cJ mice. The primary focus was on identifying memory and spatial orientation as potential predictors of motor resilience. A cohort of 133 mice was evaluated using the Ladder Rung Walking Test (LRWT) to assess motor proficiency, with skilled walking performance scores (SWPS) categorized as superior, regular, or inferior. Behavioral assessments, including the Barnes maze, Y-maze, open field, and elevated plus maze, were employed to evaluate cognitive and anxiety-like behaviors. Our findings revealed a nuanced interaction between stress and motor performance. Stress exposure did not directly predict skilled walking outcomes but elicited a dual effect: while some mice exhibited impaired motor performance, others showed enhancements, emphasizing the multifactorial nature of stress adaptation. Notably, primary latency in the Barnes maze emerged as a significant predictor of SWPS, with each additional second linked to a 2 % decrease in the likelihood of superior performance. This underscores the pivotal role of spatial orientation and memory in mediating motor adaptation under stress. Gene expression analyses of Bdnf exon IV, Drd1, and Drd2 in the sensorimotor cortex revealed no direct association with motor performance, suggesting that stress-related variability may involve complex molecular pathways. While no significant sex-based differences were observed, these findings highlight the need for integrative research addressing genetic, environmental, and neurobiological dimensions to fully elucidate stress-induced motor adaptations and inform interventions to mitigate motor deficits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8823,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Brain Research","volume":"494 ","pages":"Article 115722"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144567023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early handling improves sociability and preference for social novelty in social-defeated male rats: Laterality in vermal Purkinje cells architecture","authors":"Negar Kayedi-Bakhtiari,&nbsp;Jafar Vatanparast","doi":"10.1016/j.bbr.2025.115714","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbr.2025.115714","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although the cerebellum is primarily known for motor functions, its involvement in cognitive and emotional functions has become more evident in recent years. In particular, the cerebellar vermis has been implicated in social behavior. Here, we examined the effects of social defeat stress (SDS) during late adolescence on sociability, preference for social novelty, and the morphological characteristics of cerebellar Purkinje cells (PCs). Additionally, we investigated the impact of early handling, an early-life mild stress, and its interaction with subsequent SDS, on social behavior and the structure of vermal PCs.</div><div>We found that socially defeated rats exhibit reduced social preference and social novelty-seeking behaviors, while early-handled rats show improved social behavior and increased resilience against SDS-induced impairments of social behavior. Structural analysis of Golgi-Cox stained vermal PCs revealed a significant reduction in dendritic spine density in socially defeated rats, especially of the stubby type. Early handling alone did not alter spine density but protected against SDS-induced spine loss. Moreover, PCs in early-handled rats exhibited a more complex dendritic arbor compared to controls. Both early-handled and socially defeated rats showed greater total dendritic cable length and a larger area under the Sholl curve for PCs in the right vermis compared to those in the left. This is the first report of lateralized effects of early life mild stress and/or later severe stress on the dendritic architecture of PCs, and a further support for the potential role of the vermis in social behavior.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8823,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Brain Research","volume":"494 ","pages":"Article 115714"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144562971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of environmental toxicant exposures on oxytocin and vasopressin systems in the developing brain: factors imparting risk and resilience","authors":"Elise M. Martin,&nbsp;Jason Xue,&nbsp;Caroline J. Smith","doi":"10.1016/j.bbr.2025.115723","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbr.2025.115723","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Environmental toxicants are increasingly prevalent worldwide and associated with numerous neurodevelopmental and psychiatric health outcomes. Exposure to these toxicants, particularly during gestation and the early postnatal period, alters maternal and offspring stress responses, inflammation, and behavioral outcomes. Oxytocin (OT) and arginine vasopressin (AVP) are highly conserved neuropeptides with myriad roles in the regulation of social behavior, stress responses, and more. While developmental stress is well known to impact OT and AVP systems, a growing body of literature suggests that early-life exposure to toxicants also impacts OT and AVP system development. Here we review the evidence demonstrating that perinatal exposures to environmental toxicants program developmental trajectories of the OT and AVP systems. Perinatal exposure to flame retardants, pesticides, plastics, and air pollution induces a variety of changes to OT and AVP systems in the brain, affecting the neuropeptides themselves as well as their primary central receptors, the oxytocin receptor (OTR) and the vasopressin receptor 1a (V1aR), respectively. Next, we discuss two biological mechanisms of action that may underlie the effects of toxicant exposure on OT and AVP: endocrine disruption and maternal immune activation. Finally, we explore key factors that promote either risk or resilience to toxicant exposures, including psychosocial experience, sex, the gut microbiome, and dosage/timing of exposures. Cumulatively, the literature reviewed suggests that preventing psychosocial stress to mothers during the perinatal period while promoting positive psychosocial experiences may lessen the impact of toxicants on offspring outcomes. Furthermore, the gut microbiome may be an important intermediary, and therefore target for intervention, between toxicant exposures and OT and AVP systems in the brain.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8823,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Brain Research","volume":"494 ","pages":"Article 115723"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144567024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}