Behavioural Brain Research最新文献

{"title":"The effects of moderate alcohol and THC co-use during male and female rat adolescence on AKT-GSK3ß signaling in adulthood","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115292","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115292","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Alcohol and cannabis are often taken in combination, and extensive co-use has been linked to enduring changes in cognitive and metabolic functioning. The underlying mechanisms for these effects are unclear, but we recently demonstrated that co-administration of ethanol and delta-9-tetrahydrocannbinol (THC) to adolescent rats caused lasting adaptations in GABA and glycogen synthase kinase 3ß (GSK3ß) signaling in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). As a ubiquitous protein kinase, GSK3ß is downstream to the protein kinase B (also known as AKT) pathway that is activated by insulin receptor signaling in a main control center for metabolism and energy homeostasis, the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH). Our goal here was to investigate if volitional co-use of low to moderate levels of ethanol and THC would impact the total and phosphorylated levels (p) of AKT and GSK3ß in the mPFC and MBH. Peri-adolescent Long Evans rats [postnatal day (P) 30–47] consumed 10 % ethanol, cookies laced with THC (3–10 mg/kg/day), both drugs, or vehicle controls. On P114, we modeled re-exposure to a behaviorally relevant dose of THC by challenging rats (i.p.) with 5 mg/kg THC (or vehicle) and sacrificed them 30 min later. Western blot analysis revealed that THC challenge increased pAKT and pGSK3ß compared to control similarly across all treatment groups, sexes, and brain regions; no effects on total levels of AKT or GSK3ß were found. Previously reported behavioral results from these rats showed no differences in working memory assessed in adulthood. Although future studies will be necessary to determine the role of exposure dose on drug-induced adaptations in AKT and GSK3ß signaling, the current findings suggest that moderate volitional co-use of alcohol and THC may not produce long-term deficits that persist into adulthood.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8823,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Brain Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142441302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of feeding age on cognitive impairment in mice with Disrupted-In-Schizophrenia 1 (Disc1) mutation under a high sucrose diet","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115291","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115291","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A combination of genetic predisposition and environmental factors contributes to the development of psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder. Previous studies using mouse models suggested that prolonged high sucrose intake during puberty can serve as an environmental risk factor for the onset of psychiatric disorders. However, the impact of both the duration and timing of high sucrose consumption during different developmental stages on pathogenesis remains poorly defined. We therefore investigated the effects of a long-term high sucrose diet on cognitive deficit, a core symptom of psychiatric disorders, using <em>Disrupted-in-Schizophrenia 1</em> locus-impairment heterozygous mutant (<em>Disc1</em>^<em>het</em>) mice as a model for genetic predisposition. First, <em>Disc1</em>^<em>het</em> mice and their littermate control (WT) were fed either a high sucrose diet or a control starch diet for nine weeks starting at weaning (postnatal day 24), and tested for cognitive performance in the object location test (OLT) and the novel object recognition test (NORT) (assessing spatial and recognition memory, respectively). Only <em>Disc1</em>^<em>het</em> mice on a high sucrose diet displayed deficits in OLT (p &lt; 0.0001), demonstrating impaired hippocampus-dependent spatial memory. This behavioral abnormality was accompanied by a decreased proportion of the high parvalbumin-expressing interneurons (High-PV neurons) in the ventral hippocampus, a cell type that regulates neural activity and a variety of learning and memory processes such as spatial and working memory. We further explored the critical developmental period for high sucrose intake to cause cognitive deficits in adulthood by comparing specific feeding periods during puberty (P24-P65) and post-puberty (P65-P90). Compared to those on a standard chow diet, high sucrose intake caused deficits in spatial memory in both WT and <em>Disc1</em>^<em>het</em> mice, with more pronounced effects in <em>Disc1</em>^het mice. In particular, <em>Disc1</em>^<em>het</em> mice on a sucrose diet during adolescence showed more pronounced cognitive deficit than those fed after adolescence. Our results suggest that adolescence is particularly vulnerable to nutritional environmental risk factors, and that high sucrose consumption may cause hippocampus-dependent memory deficits via decreased High-PV interneuron function when combined with Disc1-related genetic predisposition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8823,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Brain Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142438334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of creatinine level on amyloid-β and tau plasma concentrations in a cohort of Alzheimer’s disease patients without kidney disease","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115289","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115289","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is pathologically characterized by the deposition of beta-amyloid and tau-protein. Blood biomarkers (BBM) might be employed for detecting these abnormal proteins in vivo. As the kidney is an important excretory organ, a decreased renal function might affect the clearance of BBM. In this study we aimed to assess the relationship between kidney function, the levels of BBM and cognitive impairment in a cohort of patients with a biological AD diagnosis without chronic kidney disease (CKD).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This is a retrospective cohort study on AD patients. Data regarding medical history at diagnosis (T0) were retrieved, together with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score at T0 and after 6 months (T1). Cerebrospinal fluid and blood samples were collected and concentrations of Aβ42, Aβ40, t-Tau, and p-Tau181 were determined using commercially available kits. Kidney function was estimated through the 2021-CKD-EPI equation. To assess the effects of creatinine on our parameters of interest, we grouped patients into two groups –creatinine level &lt;0.8 mg/dl (LOW) or ≥0.8 mg/dl (HIGH).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The median MMSE score decreased significantly between the two timepoints. When we assessed for differences in the parameters of interest between subgroups, we found that only Aβ42 plasma level was significantly different in the HIGH vs LOW group.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>We found out that only Aβ42 plasma levels are influenced by kidney function, while the other AD biomarkers are not affected by creatinine levels or eGFR. Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis of renal clearance of Aβ isoforms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8823,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Brain Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142457070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of Amantadine on recovery, postoperative cognitive dysfunction and pain after propofol anesthesia in mice","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115290","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115290","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) encompasses a spectrum of cognitive impairments following surgery, attributed to disruptions in brain homeostasis. The pathogenesis involves glutamate toxicity, GABA receptor dysfunction, and alterations in NMDA and AMPA receptors. This study aimed to investigate the impact of pre-anesthetic amantadine administration on postoperative recovery time, POCD, and stress-related pain levels when combined with propofol anesthesia.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Twenty-four adult male BALB/C mice were divided into four groups: Control, Propofol, Amantadine, and Amantadine+Propofol. Amantadine and propofol doses were administered intraperitoneally based on previous literature. Recovery time, pain levels (assessed via tail pinch and hot plate tests), cognitive functions (evaluated through Morris Water Maze), and locomotor activity (measured via Open Field Test) were recorded.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Amantadine administration significantly reduced recovery time from propofol anesthesia, prolonged pain perception, and preserved cognitive functions compared to propofol alone. The time spent in the target quadrant in the Morris Water Maze was significantly longer in groups receiving amantadine. Additionally, the distance covered until finding the platform was significantly shorter in the propofol-only group.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>Amantadine's neuroprotective effects, attributed to its antagonistic action on glutamate and NMDA receptors, mitigate the detrimental effects of propofol on cognitive function and pain perception. This study highlights the potential of combining amantadine with propofol to enhance postoperative outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Amantadine administration before propofol anesthesia positively influenced postoperative recovery, cognitive function preservation, and stress-related pain perception in mice. These findings suggest a potential therapeutic strategy to mitigate POCD and pain associated with surgery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8823,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Brain Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142446293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring neural efficiency in spatial cognition: A comparative study of 3D visual stimuli in virtual reality across STEM and non-STEM fields","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115288","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115288","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Spatial cognition plays a crucial role in our daily lives. The relationship between spatial abilities and mathematical performance is well-established, with visuospatial training offering significant benefits in academic STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) disciplines. Developing visuospatial training requires an objective evaluation of spatial cognition and consideration of various 3D displays. This study aims to compare the neural efficiency of STEM and non-STEM individuals during mental rotation tasks (MRT) in 3D and 2.5D conditions (pseudo 3D) using virtual reality (VR). For that, we propose a novel integrative assessment of spatial cognition by combining a cost-effective VR headset and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Overall, the findings reveal that STEM individuals exhibit greater neural efficiency in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) while solving MRT in a VR environment compared to their non-STEM counterparts. Additionally, the study shows that there is no significant difference in performance between 3D and 2.5D stimuli, suggesting that both conditions are equally suitable for MRT in VR. One possible explanation is that immersive VR reduces the distinctions between 3D models and 2.5D images, considering MRT scores and PFC activity. This research underscores the practicality and relevance of using VR and fNIRS to evaluate visuospatial tasks and the potential to identify distinct student learning profiles and enhance spatial skills. Furthermore, it highlights the potential of 2.5D stimuli as a cost-effective alternative for learning applications in VR. Here, we demonstrated that modeling the same task in 3D and 2.5D conditions can compare how humans interact with visuospatial tests, providing insights into applying VR devices to develop spatial skills.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8823,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Brain Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142457069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The antidepressant effect of Komagataella pastoris KM 71 H in maternal separation mice model mediated by the microbiota-gut-brain axis","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115287","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115287","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The intestinal microbiota plays a fundamental role in maintaining host health, especially during childhood, a critical period for its establishment. Early life stress can lead to shifts in gut microbiota composition, thus increasing the risk of major depressive disorder (MDD) in adulthood. The supplementation with probiotics restores intestinal permeability and the health of gut microbial communities, therefore being potential study targets for the treatment of MDD. In this sense, the yeast <em>Komagataella pastoris</em> was reported as a promising probiotic with antidepressant effect.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Hence, the present study aims to investigate this effect in mice submitted to maternal separation (MS) 3 h per day from PND2 to PND14. Adult mice and mothers were treated with <em>K. pastoris</em> KM71H (8 log UFC.g⁻¹/per animal, i.g.) or PBS (500 µl, i.g.) for 14 days. After behavioral tests, the animals were euthanized, followed by hippocampi and intestines removal for biochemical analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>On behavioral tests, <em>K. pastoris</em> KM71H treatment reduced the immobility time in TST of adult mice and increased the grooming activity in splash test of adult mice and mothers induced by MS. The probiotic treatment restored plasma corticosterone levels and <em>glucocorticoid receptor</em> expression in hippocampi, alongside nitrate/nitrite levels and superoxide dismutase activity in intestine, in addition to reducing reactive species levels in both structures. Moreover, it also normalized the fecal pH and water content of feces.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Thus, we conclude that <em>K. pastoris</em> KM71H is a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of MDD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8823,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Brain Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142405991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of cFos labeling in the hippocampus and anterior cingulate cortex following recent and remote re-exposure to an unreinforced open field in preadolescent and postadolescent rats","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115284","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115284","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Spatial tasks are often goal-directed or reward-facilitated confounding the assessment of “pure” recent and remote spatial memories. The current work re-exposed preadolescent and postadolescent male rats to a non-reinforced, free exploration task to investigate cFos patterns within the hippocampus and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) associated with recent and remote periods. Male rats were exposed to an open field task for one, 30 min session on postnatal day (P) 20, 25, or 50 and re-exposed for 30 min at either a recent (24 hours) or remote (3 weeks) timepoint. Distance traveled in the open field was measured as well as cFos labeling. In the P20 age group, there was elevated exploration at the 24-hour and 3-week tests compared to training and compared to the other age groups. In the hippocampus CA1, cFos levels were higher after the remote test than the recent test in the P20 group but higher after the recent test than remote test in the P25 and P50 groups. cFos labeling in the ACC was higher in all remote-tested groups compared to the recent-tested groups across all ages. In the P20, the 24-hour test was associated with less CA1 activity than the other age groups supporting the hypothesis that the hippocampus is not fully developed at this time point. In the P20 group, the remote representation of this task did not seem to be complete as there continued to be CA1 activity along with ACC activity following the remote test associated with elevated exploration. These results indicate the utility of unreinforced spatial navigation tasks for exploring systems consolidation processes over the lifespan and show that a fully developed hippocampus is required for optimal systems consolidation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8823,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Brain Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142405990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exercise alleviates CUS-induced depressive-like behaviors by modulating paracellular and transcellular permeability of the blood-brain barrier in the prefrontal cortex","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115286","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115286","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Increased blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability is implicated in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). While aerobic exercise has shown promise in mitigating MDD symptoms by potentially preserving BBB integrity, the detailed mechanisms remain unclear. This study explores these mechanisms to assess aerobic exercise's therapeutic potential for MDD.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Male C57BL/6 J mice were used in this study to investigate the effects of aerobic exercise on CUS-induced BBB permeability and depressive-like behaviors. Chronic unpredictable stress (CUS)-induced MDD mouse models were divided into three groups: Control, CUS, and CUS+Exercise. We monitored body weight, blood S100β levels, and cytokines via ELISA. Claudin-5 and Caveolin-1 (CAV-1) expressions in the medial prefrontal cortex were evaluated using Western blotting and immunofluorescence. BBB permeability was assessed using biocytin-TMR and Alb-Alexa 594 tracers. Transmission electron microscopy was used to observe ultrastructural changes in the BBB directly. Depression-related behaviors were tested through several behavioral assays.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>CUS significantly increased CAV-1 expression and Alb-Alexa 594 leakage, suggesting enhanced transcellular BBB permeability. Despite unchanged Claudin-5 levels, its tight junction ultrastructure was altered, leading to increased biocytin-TMR leakage. Aerobic exercise ameliorated these disruptions, reduced inflammatory cytokines, and improved behavioral outcomes in CUS mice.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Disruptions in both paracellular and transcellular BBB pathways are pivotal in depression development. Aerobic exercise offers potential therapeutic benefits for MDD linked with BBB dysfunction by mitigating stress-induced structural and functional changes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8823,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Brain Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142399172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of the prefrontal cortex in modulating aggression in humans and rodents","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115285","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115285","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accumulating evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) plays an important role in aggression. However, the findings regarding the key neural mechanisms and molecular pathways underlying the modulation of aggression by the PFC are relatively scattered, with many inconsistencies and areas that would benefit from exploration. Here, we highlight the relationship between the PFC and aggression in humans and rodents and describe the anatomy and function of the human PFC, along with homologous regions in rodents. At the molecular level, we detail how the major neuromodulators of the PFC impact aggression. At the circuit level, this review provides an overview of known and potential subcortical projections that regulate aggression in rodents. Finally, at the disease level, we review the correlation between PFC alterations and heightened aggression in specific human psychiatric disorders. Our review provides a framework for PFC modulation of aggression, resolves several intriguing paradoxes from previous studies, and illuminates new avenues for further study.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8823,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Brain Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142380026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proteomic evidence for seed odor modifying olfaction and spatial memory in a scatter-hoarding animal","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115282","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115282","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Seed odor plays a crucial role in affecting the scatter-hoarding behavior of small rodents that rely on spatial memory and olfaction to cache and recover. However, evidence of how seed odor modifies olfaction function and spatial memory is still lacking. Here, we coated seeds with waterproof glue to test how seed odor intensity alters the proteome of both the olfactory bulbs and hippocampus of a dominant scatter-hoarding rodent, <em>Leopoldamys edwardsi,</em> in Southwest China. We showed that animals repeatedly caching and recovering weak odor seeds exhibited greater olfactory ability and spatial memory, as indicated by alterations in the protein profiles of the olfactory bulbs and hippocampus. The upregulation of proteins closely related to neural connections between the olfactory bulb and hippocampus is highly responsible for improved olfactory function and spatial memory. Our study provides new insights into how scatter-hoarding rodents manage and respond to cached seeds differing in odor intensity from a neurobiological perspective, which is of significant importance for better understanding the parallel evolution of the olfactory and hippocampal systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8823,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Brain Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142380025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}