Psychological Reports最新文献

{"title":"Incomplete Faces Do but Masked Faces Do Not Affect Mind Perception.","authors":"Farid Pazhoohi, Keina Aoki, Alan Kingstone","doi":"10.1177/00332941241269547","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00332941241269547","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The human face plays a critical role in how we perceive the minds of others. The current research across two studies explored whether face masks also impact mind perception, with the expectation that they lead to lower attributions of agency and experience to individuals, making them seem less mentally capable due to their association with reduced facial expression perception and impaired communication. In the first study, participants' ratings of masked and unmasked faces for agency and experience did not yield significant differences, suggesting that wearing a face mask does not affect the perception of the mind. To explore whether these findings applied when the lower face was cropped instead of masked, results of the second study showed that removing the lower face led to decreased agency ratings, but similar to the first study, there were no changes in experience ratings. Altogether, our results showed that wearing face masks does not reduce the perception of mental capacity. Moreover, female faces received higher ratings for both agency and experience compared to male faces. The complex relationship between face masks, gender, and mind perception warrants further exploration.</p>","PeriodicalId":21149,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Reports","volume":" ","pages":"2335-2349"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13076982/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141856272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Good Citizens to Bad Apples? The Effect of Boredom Proneness: A Moral Licensing Perspective.","authors":"Shih Yung Chou, Tree Chang, Sangeetha Lakshman","doi":"10.1177/00332941241265958","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00332941241265958","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although boredom proneness has been well-studied, there is still an ongoing scholarly debate about whether boredom can move individuals to act counterproductively or productively. Drawing from a moral licensing perspective, this study empirically investigates how boredom proneness influences interpersonal citizenship behavior (ICB), moral meaningfulness, and interpersonal deviance over time. Utilizing a total of 328 three-wave panel data obtained via Amazon Mechanical Turk during a three-month period, we find the following results. First, individuals with a higher initial level of boredom proneness demonstrate a higher initial level of ICB. Second, as boredom proneness increases at a faster rate, ICB increases at a faster rate over time. Third, individuals with a higher initial level of ICB report a higher initial level of moral meaningfulness. Finally, individuals with a higher initial level of moral meaningfulness exhibit a higher initial level of interpersonal deviance. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":21149,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Reports","volume":" ","pages":"2529-2550"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141749032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship Between Positive Illusions, Psychological Resilience, and Subjective Well-Being in College Students: A New Attempt at Positive Psychology.","authors":"Kaiyu Xiang","doi":"10.1177/00332941241269471","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00332941241269471","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Positive Illusion, as an important mechanism of cognitive adaptation in positive psychology, enhances positive information feedback, thereby boosting self-worth. This study involved 803 college students from Shaanxi Province, China, surveyed between March 1 and August 31, 2023. The Positive Illusion, Psychological Resilience, and Subjective Well-Being scales were utilized to examine the characteristics and interrelationships of these constructs through path analysis. The findings indicated that college students' levels of Positive Illusions were generally moderate to low (<i>t</i> = 75.04, <i>p</i> < .001), Psychological Resilience levels were low (<i>t</i> = 129.96, <i>p</i> < .001), and their Subjective Well-Being was generally good (<i>t</i> = 222.33, <i>p</i> < .001). Significant positive correlations were found between Subjective Well-Being and Psychological Resilience (<i>r</i> = 0.48, <i>p</i> < .01); Positive Illusions and Psychological Resilience (<i>r</i> = 0.59, <i>p</i> < .01); and Subjective Well-Being and Positive Illusions (<i>r</i> = 0.49, <i>p</i> < .01). Idealization, Controllability, and Optimism in Positive Illusions partially mediated the relationship between Psychological Resilience and Subjective Well-Being, with mediation effect proportions of 16.13%, 12.43%, and 12.69% respectively. Pathways for enhancing college students' Subjective Well-Being are explored, offering relevant theoretical and practical guidance for mental health.</p>","PeriodicalId":21149,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Reports","volume":" ","pages":"1902-1924"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141856273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the Mediating Role of Self-Compassion in the Relationship Between Authenticity and Alexithymia in University Students.","authors":"Hatice Deniz Özdemir, Manolya Sağlam","doi":"10.1177/00332941241278591","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00332941241278591","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of our study is to investigate the mediating role of self-compassion in the relationship between authenticity and alexithymia by examining the relationships between authenticity, alexithymia and self-compassion. The data collected via email by using three scales from the students of a foundation university in Istanbul/Turkey in the spring semester of 2022-2023. The data collection method was a descriptive cross-sectional study and the data were collected on a voluntary basis. Since it was thought that there would be a difference between the departments, data were collected from three different departments. The sample included 263 participants, 139 were English Language Teaching, 107 were Guidance and Psychological Counseling, and 17 were Elementary Mathematics Teaching students. The average age of the participants was 22.11 ± 3.59, 257 of them were single and 6 of them were married. The data were evaluated by using the SPSS 22.0 and LISREL 8.80 programs. While descriptive analyses were used in the evaluation, the mediating role of self-compassion in the relationship between authenticity and alexithymia was tested with Structural Equation Modeling. When the measurement model was examined, it was seen that there was a relationship between authenticity and alexithymia (r = -.40; <i>p</i> < .000), between self-compassion and alexithymia (r = - .85; <i>p</i> < .001) and between self-compassion and authenticity (r = .43; <i>p</i> < .001). When the structural equation model was examined, it was found that the relationship between authenticity and alexithymia in the measurement model (r = -.40) decreased to (β = - .05; <i>p</i> > .005) when the mediating role of self-compassion was examined and the relationship was found to be insignificant. When this path was removed from the model and the model was re-examined, the goodness of fit values of the model were χ2/df (71.12/51) ratio = 1.174; RMSEA = .039; SRMR = .050; CFI= .99; NFI = .96; NNFI = .98; IFI = .99; RFI = .95 and GFI = .96. In the study, it was found that self-compassion has a full mediating role in the relationship between authenticity and alexithymia in three departments. The relationship between authenticity and alexithymia goes through self-compassion.</p>","PeriodicalId":21149,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Reports","volume":" ","pages":"2100-2121"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142111468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social Media Escapism in Poland: Adaptation of a Measure and its Relationship With Thought Suppression and Mental Health.","authors":"Patrycja Uram, Sebastian Binyamin Skalski-Bednarz","doi":"10.1177/00332941241269552","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00332941241269552","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Research indicates that social media use can lead to addiction, fear of missing out, higher stress levels, anxiety, and experiencing symptoms typical of depression. The purpose of the present study was to conduct a Polish adaptation of the Social Media Escapism Scale and to assess its associations with fear of missing out, Facebook addiction, thought suppression, and the experience of stress, anxiety, and symptoms typical of depression. Two studies were conducted, the first adaptive and the second testing associations. The first study included 383 participants aged 18 to 63 (M = 23.51; SD = 5.7). To adapt the scale, the following were used: the Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale, the fear of missing out Scale, and the demographic questionnaire. The second study included 417 participants aged 18 to 60 (M = 26.33; SD = 9.7). The study tested relationships using the same three scales used in the first study, and also Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale, and the White Bear Suppression Scale. The Polish version of the Social Media Escapism Scale revealed a univariate structure with strong internal consistency (α = .91). The adapted scale was associated with fear of missing out and Facebook addiction. In study 2, the structural equation modeling analyses revealed that fear of missing out, Facebook addiction and escapism were positively related to thought suppression and the experience of anxiety, stress, and depression symptoms. In addition, thought suppression partially mediated the relationship between harmful media use and anxiety, stress, and depression. Furthermore, the findings reveal a positive correlation between escapism and several psychological constructs, including fear of missing out, Facebook addiction, as well as aspects of depression and suppression, thereby lending support to the convergent validity of the adapted measure under investigation. The results can be used in psychological intervention and developing support and treatment programs for social network addiction.</p>","PeriodicalId":21149,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Reports","volume":" ","pages":"2613-2639"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141992443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comprehensive Scoping Review of Empirical Studies on Earned Secure Attachment.","authors":"Maria Filosa, Carla Sharp, Alessio Gori, Alessandro Musetti","doi":"10.1177/00332941241277495","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00332941241277495","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Earned-Secure Attachment (ESA) can be defined as the process by which individuals with insecure childhood attachment rise above malevolent childhood experiences to develop secure relationships pattern in adulthood. To our knowledge, no previous review has summarized findings from empirical literature about this topic. To fill this gap, we conduct a preregistered scoping review (research published until 2023) following the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews, to find how ESA has been defined, assessed, and studied in the empirical literature. Four databases were searched (Scopus, PsycInfo, PubMed and Web of Science), 24 studies were included in the review and were assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Findings from our review reveal a more formal than substantial agreement on the conceptualization of ESA and the conclusions that can be made, considering the heterogeneity of our results, are only preliminary. Developmental factors, the association between ESA and depressive symptoms and the role of fathers remain poorly defined, although the importance of secondary attachment figures and reflective functioning as factors that may contribute to earned-security in attachment is clear. Recommendations and future steps for researchers and practitioners are highlighted.</p>","PeriodicalId":21149,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Reports","volume":" ","pages":"1807-1832"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142111466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extending TAM Model: The Role of Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Efficacy on Algerian EFL University Students' Behavioral Intention to Use Duolingo.","authors":"Nadia Saraa, Abdo Hasan Al-Qadri, Hazim M Alhaqbani, Mohammed Ateik Al-Khadher","doi":"10.1177/00332941251411212","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00332941251411212","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Duolingo, a gamified educational digital platform, has received significant popularity in EFL education. In this context, the study purposes to explores how Algerian EFL learners respond to using Duolingo as a digital technology learning tool. Specifically, the study sought to investigate the role of Self-Efficacy (SE) and Intrinsic Motivation (IM) in shaping Algerian EFL learners' behavioral intention (BI) to use Duolingo within an extended Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) framework. Both direct and indirect effects were tested alongside the moderating roles of Digital Resource Access and Institutional Support using structural equation modeling approach. Data were collected from 319 EFL undergraduate students through a validated questionnaire. Findings revealed significant direct effect of both Self-Efficacy and Intrinsic Motivation on BI. In addition, Self-Efficacy indirectly influenced BI through perceived usefulness (PU), while Intrinsic Motivation had an indirect effect via Perceived Ease of Use (PEU). Furthermore, Institutional Support and Digital Resource access has significantly moderate the PU and PEU on BI pathways respectively. The study highlights the need for Algerian higher education to adopt local pedagogical and infrastructural strategies to optimize the use of digital language tools in EFL education<b>.</b></p>","PeriodicalId":21149,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Reports","volume":" ","pages":"2418-2443"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145850766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-Concordance Theory and the Goal-Striving Reasons Framework and Their Distinct Relationships With Hedonic and Eudaimonic Well-Being.","authors":"Christian Ehrlich, Karen Cripps, Susanne Ehrlich","doi":"10.1177/00332941241268557","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00332941241268557","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Self-concordance theory and the goal-striving reasons framework both measure the quality of people's reasons for their goal pursuits. Both have provided substantial evidence for their predictive power for people's well-being. However, it remains unclear which of the two goal-reason models is the better predictor for different forms of well-being. The paper analyses the distinct relationships of the two models in relation to hedonic well-being (Subjective Well-Being, Life Satisfaction, Affect Balance) and indicators of eudaimonic well-being (Basic Need Satisfaction, Purpose and Self-Acceptance). The findings are based on a cross-sectional, correlative research design based (<i>N</i> = 124). Using multiple regression analyses the results show that the goal-striving reasons framework is overall more strongly associated with hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. However, the differences for hedonic well-being as well as for self-acceptance and purpose are much larger than they are for the three basic needs of autonomy, competence, and relatedness. Here, self-concordance achieves nearly similar correlations to the goal-striving reasons framework. The findings have implications for theory and practice as they highlight the theoretical differences between the two goal-reasons models but also help to decide which Positive Psychology Interventions are most suitable to increase which form of well-being.</p>","PeriodicalId":21149,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Reports","volume":" ","pages":"2313-2334"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13076967/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141760689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Loop and Enjoy: A Scoping Review of the Research on the Effects of Processing Fluency on Aesthetic Reactions to Auditory Stimuli.","authors":"Alexandru Popescu, Andrei Corneliu Holman","doi":"10.1177/00332941241277474","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00332941241277474","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Processing fluency has been shown to affect how people aesthetically evaluate stimuli. While this effect is well documented for visual stimuli, the evidence accumulated for auditory stimuli has not yet been integrated. Our aim was to examine the relevant research on how processing fluency affects the aesthetic appreciation of auditory stimuli and to identify the extant knowledge gaps in this body of evidence. This scoping review of 19 studies reported across 13 articles found that, similarly to visual stimuli, fluency has a positive effect on liking of auditory stimuli. Additionally, we identified certain elements that impede the generalizability of the current research on the relationship between fluency and aesthetic reactions to auditory stimuli, such as a lack of consistency in the number of repeated exposures, the tendency to omit the affective component and the failure to account for personal variables such as musical abilities developed through musical training or the participants' personality or preferences. These results offer a starting point in developing novel and proper processing fluency manipulations of auditory stimuli and suggest several avenues for future research aiming to clarify the impact and importance of processing fluency and disfluency in this domain.</p>","PeriodicalId":21149,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Reports","volume":" ","pages":"1833-1868"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13076973/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142111469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Personality and Interpersonal Influence: Low Adjustment and Low Competitiveness is Associated With Low Assertiveness.","authors":"Adrian Furnham, Stephen Cuppello, David S Semmelink","doi":"10.1177/00332941241246201","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00332941241246201","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examined the relationship between personality and interpersonal assertiveness styles, an important and neglected topic. In all, 396 working adults completed a six-factor personality test measuring work-related traits (HPTI) and a two-dimensional assessment of interpersonal styles (III) assessing four styles: Assertiveness, Passiveness, Hostile aggression, and Manipulative aggression. We were particularly interested in the correlates of aggressive and passive behaviour, as opposed to assertive behaviour. The results suggested that those with low Conscientiousness and Adjustment (i.e. Neuroticism) but high Competitiveness (low Agreeableness) were more interpersonally aggressive, while passivity was negatively associated with all traits, particularly Adjustment, but not with Conscientiousness. Regressions indicated very different traits associated with each of the four interpersonal styles. Assertiveness was associated with sex and age, but only one trait, Risk Approach (or Courage). Limitations of these findings and implications of assessing and teaching assertiveness are discussed and considered.</p>","PeriodicalId":21149,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Reports","volume":" ","pages":"2122-2139"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142639692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}