Psychological Reports最新文献

{"title":"Disentangling the coping process in White rural men who carry guns.","authors":"Sara Beachy, Christopher Th Liang, Philip Fizur, Qiong Fu, Nicole L Johnson","doi":"10.1177/00332941241252771","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00332941241252771","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Affluent White rural men have the highest rates of gun ownership in the United States. However, few studies have specifically examined reasons and motivations for gun ownership and gun behaviors in this population. Therefore, this study sought to examine the relationship between stress variables, namely masculine gender role stress, adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), and income level, and subsequent pro-gun beliefs and amount of time an individual carried a gun within this population. Results indicated that only two measures of pro-gun beliefs (i.e., believing guns keep one safe, believing guns are present in one's social sphere) were correlated with percentage of time an individual carried. Additionally, ACEs were positively correlated with believing guns influence how others perceive oneself, levels of masculine gender role stress, and income. These results suggest that White rural gun owners who have increased ACEs have decreased income and tend to believe that owning guns impacts their social status with peers. However, increased ACEs do not influence belief about guns keeping one safe, believing guns are present in one's social sphere, or gun carriage. Instead, White rural gun owners without childhood adversity may be more susceptible to believing their safety depends on guns and belongingness within their social sphere. Future research should assess reasons why affluent White rural men find it important to maintain their safety in the context of gun ownership.</p>","PeriodicalId":21149,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Reports","volume":" ","pages":"6-35"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141071226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Influence of Gun Victimization on Support for Gun Control Legislation.","authors":"Deborah J Hartley, Mario A Davila","doi":"10.1177/00332941241240732","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00332941241240732","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The primary objective of the current study was to add to the literature and broaden our understanding of gun violence victims by examining attitudes towards gun legislation held by victims of gun violence. To our knowledge, there are only two quantitative studies that have examined the impact of <i>gun</i> victimization on attitudes towards gun control legislation. A secondary objective was to examine the link between impressions of the National Rifle Association (NRA) and gun policy preferences, which remains an understudied area in the gun legislation literature. The current study additionally examined other factors that may impact support for gun control measures. Utilizing data from a national sample of 880 adults and controlling for demographic predictors, logistic regression was employed to examine the impact of gun victimization on attitudes towards gun control legislation. Although prior gun victimization did not yield any significant findings, concordant with prior research, regression results indicated that gun ownership was a strong predictor of opposition to gun control among respondents. Interestingly, holding a favorable attitude towards the NRA was an even stronger predictor of opposition to firearms legislation than gun ownership. Findings point to the need for additional empirical research on the impact of gun victimization and the influence that organizations like the NRA have on public opinion and subsequent gun safety legislative efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":21149,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Reports","volume":" ","pages":"361-388"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141176228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exclusion, Violence and the Body: The Case of a Young Man with Disability due to Gunshot Wound.","authors":"Jacqueline de Oliveira Moreira, Luciana Alves Drumond Almeida, Bianca Ferreira Rodrigues, Lívia de Oliveira Mariano, Karinne Vieira de Jesus","doi":"10.1177/00332941241253797","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00332941241253797","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present text presents partial results of the research \"Young people with disability due to gunshot wounds: an exploratory study from the Memorialistic Narratives\", which aimed to problematize the effects of violence and criminality in the juvenile sphere by investigating, beyond the increase in mortality and incarceration rates, the transformation of these young people into people with disabilities, specifically, people in wheelchairs. To achieve this goal, we used as a method the Memorialistic Narratives and worked on the categories of exclusion, violence and a body marked by trauma. We will reflect on the case of Guilherme, a poor, marginalized young man with a disability and a wheelchair user due to a gunshot wound. The choice for his case relates to the different forms that violence can assume, influencing lives and leaving marks, besides, we believe that his life story can contribute to qualifying psychology's look at young people in contexts of violence.</p>","PeriodicalId":21149,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Reports","volume":" ","pages":"100-125"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141071227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using the Socio-Ecological Model to Understand Increased Risk of Gun Violence in the African American Community.","authors":"Tameka L Gillum, Clarice J Hampton, Chanté Coppedge","doi":"10.1177/00332941241256635","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00332941241256635","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gun violence is a major public health issue of growing concern in the United States (U.S.) with 48,830 lives lost to gun related violence in 2021, documenting the highest number of gun related homicides and suicides ever recorded. The African American community is disproportionately impacted by gun violence and members of this community are almost 14x more likely to die by gun homicide than their white counterparts. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has identified a socio-ecological framework as a lens through which to better understand violence and inform potential prevention strategies to address it. This model identifies four levels (individual, relationship, community, societal) which help to enhance our understanding of the complex interplay between individuals and their environments. Here, we use this model to understand why the African American community experiences elevated risk of gun violence in the U.S. and propose strategies for prevention. Understanding the issue of gun violence beyond individual level risk, this analysis highlights the interplay between multiple levels including the ways in which societal level factors influence violence. While this paper provides a lens through which to understand the multi-leveled factors that contribute to gun violence in the African American community, it also serves as a call to action for policymakers, scholars, and agencies to develop culturally informed policy and programming efforts specific to those who are most impacted.</p>","PeriodicalId":21149,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Reports","volume":" ","pages":"126-148"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141158211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Honor Endorsement and Increased Firearm Purchasing Behavior and Intentions During the COVID-19 Pandemic.","authors":"Jarrod E Bock, Samantha E Daruwala, Raymond P Tucker, Stephen D Foster, Shelby L Bandel, John F Gunn, Michael D Anestis","doi":"10.1177/00332941241255323","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00332941241255323","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The surge in firearm sales from the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic have been linked to increases in firearm violence, which is of public concern given that having firearms in one's home is associated with increased risk for domestic violence and suicide. Consistent with pre-pandemic trends, individuals tended to purchase firearms for self-protection during COVID-19. Prior work indicates that protective firearm ownership is motivated not only by perceptions that the world (and one's local environment) is dangerous, but also by one's endorsement of masculinity norms found in U.S. cultures of honor (primarily southern and western states). Honor-based masculinity norms emphasis reputation defense, toughness, and an absolute intolerance of disrespect. The present research examined the relative motivating influences of various threat perceptions and masculine honor endorsement in predicting reasons for non-COVID-19 firearm ownership, firearm purchasing during COVID-19, and purchase intentions. Three separate samples (total <i>N</i> = 2483) of mostly White U.S. men completed online surveys during different months of the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants completed measures of their endorsement of masculine honor norms, factors associated with firearm purchasing (e.g., dangerous world beliefs, intolerance of uncertainty), and firearm purchasing behaviors. Results indicated that masculine honor endorsement was higher among (1) protective firearm owners compared to non-owners and non-protective owners, (2) firearm owners who purchased a firearm during COVID-19 compared to non-owners and non-purchasing owners, and (3) firearm owners with intentions to purchase firearms in the next year compared to those without intentions and undecided owners. Relative to other predictors (e.g., COVID-19 concerns, dangerous world beliefs), masculine honor endorsement was consistently the strongest predictor of these outcomes. Findings add to the literature by highlighting the strength of masculine honor endorsement in motivating (protective) firearm ownership. Implications for interpersonal violence and suicide are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":21149,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Reports","volume":" ","pages":"240-266"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141158207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LAPS SA: Measuring Attachment to Dogs and Cats Among South American Countries.","authors":"Natalia Albuquerque, Sylvia Corte, Alejandra Feld, Emma Otta, Ricardo Prist, Timothy P Johnson","doi":"10.1177/00332941251315072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00332941251315072","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human biological and cultural evolution is tied to the relationships established with other animals. Attachment is one of the mechanisms established between dogs/cats and humans and allows the generation of affective bonds and close proximity. Many instruments have been used to study attachment of people to their dogs/cats, such as the Lexington Attachment to Pets Scale (LAPS). Our aim was adapting LAPS for South American populations (Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Uruguay, Peru and Colombia), and its languages (Brazilian Portuguese and South American Spanish) and evaluating them with South American data. We translated and back translated the instrument, examined versions with a pilot sample and collected data from 2832 respondents (18-85 y.o.), who lived with at least one cat/dog. We report and compare findings from psychometric analyses of the two versions of LAPS using both classical test (coefficient alpha, confirmatory factor analysis) and item response theory (Rasch analysis) methodologies. Findings demonstrate the comparability of the versions while observing some minor differences in their dimensionality. As in the original LAPS, results suggest one main dimension (general attachment) that assesses the general relationship between a person and a companion animal. We suggest that using appropriate language (e.g., companions and guardians instead of pets and owners) will improve understanding. We emphasize the importance of adapting wording and content of research tools considering cultural aspects of the populations studied. We introduce LAPS SA (LAPS South America) as a unified instrument to measure attachment between people and companion animals. Implications for the use of LAPS SA and future research are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":21149,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Reports","volume":" ","pages":"332941251315072"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143053472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perceptions of Academic Malpractice are not Always Biased by Halo Effects.","authors":"Alexis Makin, Autumn Taylor, Lauren Macpherson","doi":"10.1177/00332941251317641","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00332941251317641","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The attractiveness halo effect has been discussed for over a century. Physically attractive people are often judged more favourably and accrue many life advantages. Halo effects have been observed in university settings for decades, but perhaps their influence is waning due to increased awareness of unconscious bias. The first study examined judgments of students accused of academic malpractice. Undergraduate student participants (<i>N</i> = 302) completed an online survey. They were presented with a vignette outlining a fictional but realistic academic malpractice scenario, beside a photograph of an attractive or unattractive 'student'. Participants rated the fictional student in terms of guilt, appropriate punishment, and seriousness of malpractice. There was no evidence for halo effects. The second study examined judgements of fictional researchers accused of questionable research practices. Psychology researchers (<i>N</i> = 42) completed another online survey. They were presented with a vignette describing dubious data manipulation, beside a photo of an attractive or unattractive 'researcher'. The same rating scales were used, and again, there were no halo effects. Evidently, university students and staff can sometimes make professional judgements without emotional bias. These null results are important, because they show that halo effects may not now be so pervasive.</p>","PeriodicalId":21149,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Reports","volume":" ","pages":"332941251317641"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143053474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Relationship Between Boredom and Smartphone Addiction Before and After the Outbreak of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Jinsheng Hu, Che Zhao, Tengxu Yu","doi":"10.1177/00332941251314713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00332941251314713","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Prior research has explored the relationship between boredom and smartphone addiction (SPA), but significant discrepancies remain. Moreover, the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic may have altered this association. Thus, this meta-analysis aims to clarify the true relationship between boredom and SPA, while also analyzing potential moderating factors. Articles published through April 2024 were retrieved from Chinese databases (CNKI, Wanfang, VIP) and English databases (Web of Science Core Collection, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Springer Online Journals). After screening, coding, and analysis using CMA 3.0 software, 54 studies involving 36,245 participants were included. The results revealed a significant positive correlation between boredom and SPA (<i>r</i> = 0.412, 95% CI [0.385, 0.438]). Furthermore, this relationship was moderated by the COVID-19 pandemic and the methods used to measure boredom, but not by gender or the tools used to measure SPA. These findings provide strong evidence of a positive correlation between boredom and SPA, with the COVID-19 pandemic exacerbating this relationship.</p>","PeriodicalId":21149,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Reports","volume":" ","pages":"332941251314713"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143047495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Longitudinal Relationship Between Co-Rumination and Emotional Problems in Early Chinese Adolescents: The Moderating Role of Self-Compassion.","authors":"Zhongjie Wang, Juanjuan Zheng, Xuezhen Wang","doi":"10.1177/00332941251316439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00332941251316439","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The longitudinal relationship between co-rumination and emotional problems has been understudied, particularly regarding the role of protective factors in moderating the relationship. This study employed a cross-lagged analysis to examine the bi-directional relationship between co-rumination and emotional problems, and the moderating role of self-compassion in this dynamic. The participants comprised 814 Chinese junior school students (M_age = 13.98 ± 0.83), who were surveyed over two tracking periods spaced four months apart. The results revealed that (1) baseline levels of co-rumination positively predicted subsequent depression and anxiety, whereas the prediction of anxiety and depression on subsequent co-rumination was not significant; (2) self-compassion buffered the impact of co-rumination on anxiety and depression, with higher levels of self-compassion correlating with weaker impacts of co-rumination on emotional problems. These findings suggest that co-ruminative behaviors within adolescent dyadic relationships generally pose risk to emotional development, while intervention programs targeting self-compassion could help to diminish the adverse effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":21149,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Reports","volume":" ","pages":"332941251316439"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143034087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strengths Knowledge Defend Against Depression: The Contribution of University Students' Family Functioning During COVID-19.","authors":"Lan Wen, Weiwei Huang, Xiaowen Liang, Shuyue Zhang","doi":"10.1177/00332941251315445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00332941251315445","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Strengths knowledge refers to individuals' perceptions and recognition of their strengths, and is recognized for its protective role in mental health. Family functioning provides certain environmental conditions for the healthy development of family members in physical, psychological, and social aspects, particularly during stressful periods such as the COVID-19 pandemic. It also plays an important role in youth's ability to cope with stressful situations. This study aimed to explore the mediating effect of coping strategies and the moderating role of family functioning on the relationship between strengths knowledge and depressive symptoms among university students. <b>Methods:</b> A survey was administered to 1372 university students aged 16-22 years, using the Strengths Knowledge Scale (SKS), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Ways of Coping Questionnaire (WCQ), and the general functioning scale. Mediation and moderated mediation effects were analyzed using SPSS 25.0. <b>Results:</b> Strengths knowledge was significantly negatively correlated with depressive symptoms. Both positive and negative coping strategies partially mediated the relationship between them, and family functioning moderated this relationship. Family functioning moderates the relationship between strengths knowledge and negative coping strategies but not between strengths knowledge and positive coping strategies, and it also moderates the relationship between positive and negative coping strategies and depression. <b>Conclusions:</b> The significant contributions of both strengths knowledge and family functioning in defending against youth depression highlight the necessity for interventions that enhance these factors to protect mental health, particularly during pandemic period and other crises.</p>","PeriodicalId":21149,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Reports","volume":" ","pages":"332941251315445"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143034080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}