Psychological Reports最新文献

{"title":"The Influence of the Big Five Personality Factors on Mental Health Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Prospective Study.","authors":"Peter G van der Velden, Lutz Wittmann, Carlo Contino, Erik van der Meulen, Marcel Das, Hendri Adriaens","doi":"10.1177/00332941241300949","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00332941241300949","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Big Five personality factors (PF) are considered to be predictive of mental health problems, but it is unclear if these factors equally contributed to mental health problems during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to before the pandemic. This prospective study aimed to fill this knowledge gap. For this purpose data was extracted from the population-based LISS-panel. We included adult respondents (N^males = 1,838, N^females = 1892) who participated in three surveys before the pandemic (T1^March-2019, T2^May-2019, T3^{November-2019}) and in three surveys during the pandemic in 2020 (T4^March-2020, T5^May-2020, T6^{november-2020}). Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to examine and compare the longitudinal associations between PF at T2^May-2019 and moderate-severe anxiety and depressions symptoms (ADS) at T3^{November-2019}, and longitudinal associations between PF at T5^May-2020 and ADS at T5^{November-2020} among males and females. Control variables (pre-existing ADS, lack support, demographics) were retrieved from the T1^March-2019 and T4^March-2020 surveys, respectively. For the present study we distinguished five levels (very high to very low) of each PF. For both sexes, those with (very) low emotional stability and/or conscientiousness had considerably higher rates of ADS compared to those with very high levels of the same trait. These findings were similar both before and during the pandemic. Moreover, we found no indications that those with a certain level of a PF during the pandemic were more of less at risk for ADS or persistent ADS, than those with the same level of the same PF before the pandemic. Thus, we found no indications that the pandemic affected the impact of personality factors on moderate-severe anxiety and depressions symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":21149,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Reports","volume":" ","pages":"3749-3774"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13530337/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142688700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Much of a Choice Is Physical Inactivity? Situated Agency and Institutional Responsibility in Public Health.","authors":"Miguel Ángel Rodríguez, Irene Crespo, Hugo Olmedillas","doi":"10.1177/00332941261494580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00332941261494580","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The persistent gap between health intentions and actual behavior calls into question accounts of physical inactivity that treat it as a uniformly rational and freely chosen preference. This theoretical article draws on a non-systematic narrative synthesis of research on action initiation, individual differences relevant to physical activity, and public health ethics. Action-initiation paradigms show that neural activity can precede reported awareness of simple actions and, in some cases, predict aspects of ensuing choices, but they do not establish that such activity causally determines complex behavior or explains physical activity maintained over time. Evidence from behavioral genetics and developmental research indicates that self-regulatory characteristics and physical activity are partly shaped by heritable and early-life factors. We therefore develop an account of situated agency in which deliberation retains a meaningful role but operates under biological, developmental, and environmental conditions that are unequally distributed. Within this framework, individual and institutional responsibility are complementary, with greater prospective responsibility falling on institutions where they can modify avoidable barriers while preserving individual choice. Success should therefore be assessed not by equalizing individual capacity or increasing average population physical activity alone, but by whether improvements in access, uptake, and sustained participation extend to people facing greater baseline barriers.</p>","PeriodicalId":21149,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Reports","volume":" ","pages":"332941261494580"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149114478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Perceived Fatherhood and Self-Efficacy Across Generations and Gender.","authors":"Arzu Çalişkan Sari, Aysun Ergül Topçu","doi":"10.1177/00332941241303712","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00332941241303712","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A quality father-child relationship is important for the child's social and emotional development, which may affect one's self-efficacy in the future. Research showed that fatherhood attitudes change over time. In the current study, individuals in generations X, Y and Z evaluated their relationships with their fathers retrospectively and their own general self-efficacy and it was examined whether participants' perceived fatherhood attitudes and general self-efficacy levels varied according to their gender and generation they were in. The study data were obtained through survey from 516 participants aged 18-58 living in Türkiye. Participants between the ages of 18-23 were considered as generation Z, 24-43 as generation Y and 44-58 as generation X. The data was collected between April 2023 and May 2023 through scales in an online survey platform. According to the results of MANOVA analyses, perceived fathers' negative emotional approach and father communication attitude differed between generations. Accordingly, perceived fathers' negative emotional approach of generation Z was significantly higher than the score of generation X. On the other hand, the perceived father's communication attitude score of generation Z was significantly lower than the scores of generation X and generation Y. In addition, perceived fatherhood sub-dimensions did not differ by gender. As for self-efficacy, some dimensions of self-efficacy perceptions of generation Z were also found to be lower than generations X and Y. Resistance dimension of self-efficacy was also found to differ by gender. Accordingly, men's resistance scores were significantly higher than women's scores. The results of the study were discussed by considering the general characteristics of the generations and evaluating gender roles. In addition, the possible limitations of the participants' retrospective assessment of their relationship with their fathers were discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":21149,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Reports","volume":" ","pages":"4035-4063"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142695883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Food Environments on Midlife Australian Adults With Addictive Eating Behaviors.","authors":"Ruby Eldridge, Rebecca A Collins, Tracy L Burrows","doi":"10.1177/00332941241303715","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00332941241303715","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Research into addictive eating has gained traction over recent years, however there is still debate among experts surrounding the nature of the condition. Using reflexive thematic analysis this paper considers addictive eating through a participant focused lens, specifically focussing on the phenomena of the food environment and its impact on individuals with addictive eating. Semi-structured interviews were undertaken to explore the participants' (<i>n</i> = 10) perspectives with addictive eating. After completion of interviews, six main themes were constructed; Relating to the food environment impact was <i>Convenience of processed foods</i>, which encompassed two subthemes; <i>the Easy option,</i> and, <i>Essential for survival</i>; <i>It's what I can afford;</i> Relating to fad diets and addictive eating was <i>Consciousness; Unmaintainable and unsustainable; Cutting though the noise;</i> and <i>Being a part of the group</i>. This study highlights the need to support consumers to consider ways in which fresh foods can be made more accessible and convenience foods made more healthful, and what support can be provided to food-insecure adults living with food-insecurity.</p>","PeriodicalId":21149,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Reports","volume":" ","pages":"3775-3794"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13530339/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142732034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emotional and Cognitive Processes Underlying Persuasion, Moderating Factors, and Physiological Reactions: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Valerie Rodríguez-Hernández, Vanesa Hidalgo, Alicia Salvador","doi":"10.1177/00332941241291497","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00332941241291497","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Persuasion is a type of social influence aiming to produce changes in others' attitudes or behaviors. This study explores the relationship between emotions and persuasion, principal moderating factors, and physiological reactions during persuasive attempts. Following PRISMA guidelines, 28 empirical articles were analyzed, addressing emotions, affective/cognitive orientations, framing effects, and psychophysiological reactions. Mixed findings emerged regarding emotions, with fear appeals being effective in health education, while more recent studies favor the use of positive persuasive messages to increase behavior intention. Principal moderating factors included personal relevance, need for cognition (NFC) and need for affect (NFA), thought confidence, vulnerability, and efficacy beliefs. Psychophysiological studies revealed distinct physiological arousal during persuasion processing compared to a rest state. In addition, a greater misalignment between current behavior and the persuasive attempt led to perceived freedom threat and psychological reactance. These insights enhance persuasive effectiveness and deepen understanding of persuasion processes, guiding future research directions.</p>","PeriodicalId":21149,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Reports","volume":" ","pages":"3689-3725"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142839164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attributional Bias in the Assessment of Emotions.","authors":"Francis L Stevens","doi":"10.1177/00332941261494581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00332941261494581","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examined whether individuals display an attributional bias when identifying the source of their emotions. Specifically, do people favor situational over dispositional explanations when attributing their negative emotions? Sixty-eight participants completed two assessments to identify the cause of emotions-one evaluating their own emotions and another evaluating someone else's. Dispositional and situational attributions were measured for both positive and negative emotions. The findings show that individuals tend to attribute their own negative emotions more to situational factors than to dispositional ones, but this pattern does not apply to others' emotions. This same asymmetry was not observed for positive emotions. This study broadens previous research on attributional bias to include personal emotional experiences. The work indicates that self-reports of the source of negative emotions could be biased.</p>","PeriodicalId":21149,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Reports","volume":" ","pages":"332941261494581"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149114459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Six-Factor Cognitive Domino Model of Anxiety.","authors":"Yonglong Tang, Nina Gan, Hongmian Yang","doi":"10.1177/00332941241309062","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00332941241309062","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although humans have been exploring the mysteries of anxiety, relatively few specific cognitive pathways for generation of anxiety have been explored. We integrated many existing theories and experiences in clinical counseling to propose a new anxiety cognitive domino model of anxiety. The model suggests that there are six ordered cognitive factors that affect anxiety, which act like a domino effect, leading to the development and circulation of anxiety. On the one hand, this model provides a more comprehensive framework for understanding anxiety from the perspective of assessing abilities at different psychological stages. On the other hand, this model explores methods for pre managing anxiety before stressful events occur, which has practical significance for both individuals and organizations.</p>","PeriodicalId":21149,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Reports","volume":" ","pages":"3662-3688"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142838400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measuring Suicide Risk Without Asking About Suicide? Psychache Scale Score Validation and Cut Score Development in a Military Sample.","authors":"Ronald R Holden, Madeleine T D'Agata, Erika L Peter","doi":"10.1177/00332941241308498","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00332941241308498","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study evaluated the ability of scores on the self-report Psychache Scale (PAS) to subtly screen pre-existing suicide risk factors in a military population. For 525 Canadian military personnel, PAS normative data were established, and scores demonstrated high internal consistency reliability. Based on associations with a rationally constructed measure of suicidality, PAS scores possessed large effect sizes, convergent validity. The PAS also had significant diagnostic accuracy for identifying previous multiple suicide intent communications and previous multiple suicide attempts, behavioral risk factors for subsequent suicide. Preliminary cut scores for identifying at risk military personnel are provided.</p>","PeriodicalId":21149,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Reports","volume":" ","pages":"3970-3984"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142837764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Call for More Careful Use of the Clinical Global Impression (CGI) Rating as a Measure of Psychopathology and Outcome.","authors":"Blaise Worden","doi":"10.1177/00332941241301344","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00332941241301344","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21149,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Reports","volume":" ","pages":"4399-4411"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142732030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factor Structure, Measurement Invariance, and Nomological Network of Teaching Presence in Online Foreign Language Education.","authors":"Nuoen Li, Kit-Ling Lau","doi":"10.1177/00332941241302268","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00332941241302268","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Though online learning has gained popularity in foreign language (FL) education, there is a lack of measurement tools with robust psychometric properties to comprehensively assess the quality of online FL instruction. This study explored the factor structure and measurement invariance of teaching presence in the framework of Community of Inquiry (CoI), a critical construct to understand instructors' responsibilities in precipitating and facilitating successful online learning. Data was collected from 564 college-level online learners of Chinese as a Foreign Language (CFL). Results of exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis supported a five-factor structure of teaching presence, including <i>design and organization</i>, <i>facilitating discourse</i>, <i>direct instruction</i>, <i>assessment and feedback</i>, and <i>technological support</i>. Further evidence was also found to support the internal consistency and convergent validity of the derived factor structure of teaching presence. The nomological validity of the developed scale was established with the positive relationships between each subcomponent of teaching presence and online interaction (learner-instructor interaction, learner-learner interaction, learner-content interaction, and learner-technology interaction). Multi-group CFA indicated strict measurement invariance of the 27-item teaching presence scale across gender, age, and prior online experience. The findings extended the theoretical strengths of the teaching presence construct into FL education and highlighted its important role in fostering interactive online FL learning environments. Furthermore, the developed teaching presence scale can serve as an effective tool for future teacher educators and practitioners to evaluate instructional quality from the learners' perspective, thereby ensuring meaningful online FL learning experiences.</p>","PeriodicalId":21149,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Reports","volume":" ","pages":"4344-4369"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142676771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}