Psychological Reports最新文献_第3页

An Audience Facilitates Facial Feedback: A Social-Context Hypothesis Reconciling Original Study and Nonreplication. 观众促进面部反馈：社会情境假说调和原创研究与非复制性

IF 1.7 4区心理学

Psychological Reports Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-02-03 DOI: 10.1177/00332941231153975

R Hans Phaf, Mark Rotteveel

{"title":"An Audience Facilitates Facial Feedback: A Social-Context Hypothesis Reconciling Original Study and Nonreplication.","authors":"R Hans Phaf, Mark Rotteveel","doi":"10.1177/00332941231153975","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00332941231153975","url":null,"abstract":"Nonreplications of previously undisputed phenomena tend to leave a theoretical vacuum. This theoretical perspective seeks to fill the gap left by the failure to replicate unobtrusive facial feedback. In the emblematic original study, participants who held a pen between the teeth (i.e., requiring activity of the zygomaticus major muscle) rated cartoons more positively than participants who held the pen between the lips. We argue that the same social mechanisms (e.g., the presence of an audience) modulate facial feedback to emotion as are involved in the feed-forward shaping of facial actions by emotions. Differing social contexts could thus help explain the contrast between original findings and failures to obtain unobtrusive facial feedback. An exploratory analysis that included results only from (unobtrusive) facial-feedback studies without explicit reference to emotion in the facial manipulation provided preliminary support for this hypothesis. Studies with a social context (e.g., due to experimenter presence) showed a medium-sized aggregate facial-feedback effect, whereas studies without a social context (e.g., when facial actions were only filmed), revealed a small effect. Video awareness strengthened facial feedback considerably within an engaging social context, but seemed to reduce it without a social context. We provisionally conclude that a (pro-)social interpretation of facial actions facilitates feedback to (primarily positive) emotion, and suggest further research explicitly manipulating this context.","PeriodicalId":21149,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Reports","volume":" ","pages":"3170-3189"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11529121/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10696692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Weight-Related Difficulties in Overweight and Obese Adults: A Systematic Review. 接纳与承诺疗法与超重和肥胖成人的体重相关困难：系统回顾

IF 1.7 4区心理学

Psychological Reports Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2022-12-26 DOI: 10.1177/00332941221149172

Patricia Pawa Pitil, Siti Raudzah Ghazali

{"title":"Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Weight-Related Difficulties in Overweight and Obese Adults: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Patricia Pawa Pitil, Siti Raudzah Ghazali","doi":"10.1177/00332941221149172","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00332941221149172","url":null,"abstract":"Multiple studies have investigated the efficacy of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) in improving psychological flexibility among overweight and obese individuals. However, to date, no specific reviews have focused on ACT and weight-related difficulties in this population. This systematic review of the literature aims to identify and assemble all ACT interventions in randomized controlled trials (RCT) that address weight-related difficulties in the treatment of overweight and obese adults. The PRISMA 2020 framework was used for the systematic review, includes manual and computerized database searches. Five databases (Medline, PubMed, Scopus, PsycInfo, and Google) were utilized to gather all articles that: (a) published in English; (b) adopted the RCT design; (c) used ACT as an intervention; (d) included adult participants aged over 18 years with BMI of over 25 kg/m2, and (e) included weight-related difficulties and weight as outcome measures. The review identified seven studies comprising 698 overweight or obese participants of both genders. Improvements were reported in weight-related difficulties and percentage of weight loss in the ACT group and the non-ACT group. The present review supports ACT as an effective intervention that can help adults with weight-related difficulties and excess body weight. Further studies should be conducted in various overweight or obese populations with a more systematic RCT research design to establish the effectiveness of ACT in this area.","PeriodicalId":21149,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Reports","volume":" ","pages":"2873-2897"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10430374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Transformation of Task Conflict Into Relational Conflict and Burnout: Enhancing Effect of Leader's Discriminatory Effect. 任务冲突转化为关系冲突和职业倦怠：领导者的区别对待效应的增强效果。

IF 1.7 4区心理学

Psychological Reports Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-01-17 DOI: 10.1177/00332941231152389

Jaesang Hwang, Kanghyun Shin

{"title":"Transformation of Task Conflict Into Relational Conflict and Burnout: Enhancing Effect of Leader's Discriminatory Effect.","authors":"Jaesang Hwang, Kanghyun Shin","doi":"10.1177/00332941231152389","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00332941231152389","url":null,"abstract":"Organizational conflict was proposed by dividing it into task conflict and relationship conflict. However, conflict is dynamic and therefor, the conflict transformation is recognized as an important topic in organizational conflict. In particular, task conflict can be easily transformed into relationship conflict due to emotional expression and misattribution in the process of conflict. In addition, task conflict can negatively affect employees' attitudes if it is transformed into relationship conflict even though task conflict can function properly. This transformation of conflict can become more active under certain conditions, and leaders play an important role in this transformation because leaders have an important influence on conflict management. Therefore, this study examined the effect of the transition from task conflict to relationship conflict on burnout and the moderating effect of leaders in the relationship between task and relationship conflict. To this end, surveying 721 employees in 15 departments, and multilevel mediation and moderation analysis were performed. As a result of analysis, employees' burnout increased when task conflict transformed into relationship conflict. In addition, greater the LMX differentiation of leader, greater the effect of task conflict on relationship conflict. Finally, theoretical and practical implications were discussed for leadership and conflict management.","PeriodicalId":21149,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Reports","volume":" ","pages":"3133-3155"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9105375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Attitudes Toward Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity in Online Multiplayer Gaming Spaces. 在线多人游戏空间中对性取向和性别认同的态度。

IF 1.7 4区心理学

Psychological Reports Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-01-23 DOI: 10.1177/00332941231153798

Laura E Gillin, Margaret L Signorella

引用次数: 0

Psychosocial Intervention Among Orphans: A Meta-Analysis. 孤儿的社会心理干预：元分析。

IF 1.7 4区心理学

Psychological Reports Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2022-11-25 DOI: 10.1177/00332941221141309

Darsana, Vinod Kumar S

{"title":"Psychosocial Intervention Among Orphans: A Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Darsana, Vinod Kumar S","doi":"10.1177/00332941221141309","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00332941221141309","url":null,"abstract":"Background: There has been an increase in the number of orphans around the world as a result of natural or man-made causes. Orphans are likely to face a number of challenges throughout their lives that go unrecognized. Considering these challenges, much focus needs to be given to manage their mental health issues.Purpose: The aim of the study is to examine the effectiveness of various psychosocial interventions in managing post-traumatic stress symptoms, emotional and behavioural problems, and depression among orphans.Method: Electronic searches on seven databases was done to identify studies investigating the effectiveness of interventions among orphans. The effectiveness of psychosocial interventions to reduce post-traumatic stress symptoms, emotional and behavioural problems, and depression was analyzed in seventeen studies. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool.Result: The overall intervention effect size of post-traumatic stress symptoms was found to be high with high heterogeneity, while low effect size for emotional and behavioural problems, and depression with substantial heterogeneity. Publication bias and exploratory moderating effects of study design and intervention type were also analyzed.Conclusion: Psychosocial interventions were more effective in reducing post-traumatic stress symptoms when compared to emotional and behavioural problems and depression.","PeriodicalId":21149,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Reports","volume":" ","pages":"2833-2854"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10606654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fatalistic Beliefs, Cultural Beliefs and Socio-Instrumental Control Beliefs: What are the Links? Can We Speak of an Active Fatalism? 宿命论信念、文化信念和社会工具控制信念：它们之间有什么联系？我们能否谈论主动宿命论？

IF 1.7 4区心理学

Psychological Reports Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-01-23 DOI: 10.1177/00332941231153799

Robert Ngueutsa, Charles L Tchagneno, Emmanuel Wassouo, Dongo Rémi Kouabenan

{"title":"Fatalistic Beliefs, Cultural Beliefs and Socio-Instrumental Control Beliefs: What are the Links? Can We Speak of an Active Fatalism?","authors":"Robert Ngueutsa, Charles L Tchagneno, Emmanuel Wassouo, Dongo Rémi Kouabenan","doi":"10.1177/00332941231153799","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00332941231153799","url":null,"abstract":"Taking into account beliefs and culture is essential in behaviour analysis in various areas of life and work. However, knowledge about the links between these beliefs is sparse and imprecise. This article analyses the links between fatalistic, cultural and socio-instrumental control beliefs, by a questionnaire on a sample of 515 Cameroonian partcipants including male (N = 290) and female (N = 225), workers from the public (N = 208), formal private (N = 265) and informal (N = 40) sectors. The questionnaire consisted of the fatalism scale designed by Kouabenan (1998), the Cameroonian cultural beliefs scale by Ngueutsa et al. (2021), and the socio-instrumental control beliefs scale derived from Spector (2004). Regression analyses showed that cultural beliefs partially mediated the link between fatalistic and socio-instrumental control beliefs. The results call into question the conceptualization of fatalistic beliefs, often seen as inducers of passivity. They suggest that cultural beliefs and practices may activate a 'non-inhibiting' form of fatalism that would justify the use of cultural entities to exercise indirect control over events. The concept of active fatalism is discussed.","PeriodicalId":21149,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Reports","volume":" ","pages":"3109-3132"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10598817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Gender Differences in Social Support and Posttraumatic Growth for Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence. 亲密伴侣暴力幸存者在社会支持和创伤后成长方面的性别差异。

IF 1.7 4区心理学

Psychological Reports Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-01-22 DOI: 10.1177/00332941231153319

Justice M Cundiff, Mary Ellen Fromuth, Dana K Fuller

{"title":"Gender Differences in Social Support and Posttraumatic Growth for Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence.","authors":"Justice M Cundiff, Mary Ellen Fromuth, Dana K Fuller","doi":"10.1177/00332941231153319","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00332941231153319","url":null,"abstract":"The current study investigated gender differences in perceived social support and posttraumatic growth for survivors of intimate partner violence. Participants for this study included 86 undergraduate students who indicated at least one instance of partner abuse (consisting of physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, and harassment). Participants were predominantly female (68%), White/Caucasian (62%), and between 18 and 21 years of age (84%). Participants responded to the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, the Composite Abuse Scale, and the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory. Mean differences and correlational analyses were utilized to investigate potential gender differences in the study variables as well as the relationships among them. The prevalence of intimate partner violence was comparable to those found in other studies, with 59% of men and 57% of women indicating experiencing abuse from a partner. Although the prevalence rates were similar, women indicated higher overall partner abuse victimization than did men. Moreover, women indicated statistically significantly higher scores than men in three of the four Composite Abuse Scale subscales, reflecting higher levels of victimization for all forms of abuse except for partner harassment. Further, perceived social support scores were similar for men and women, with the only significant gender difference to emerge being that men indicated higher levels of familial support than did women. No statistically significant gender differences emerged for overall posttraumatic growth or for any of its domains. Finally, social support was correlated with posttraumatic growth for women but not for men. The current study, therefore, suggests that men and women may experience similar levels of personal growth in the aftermath of partner abuse. Moreover, these results imply that the relationship between social support and posttraumatic growth may vary according to the gender of the survivor.","PeriodicalId":21149,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Reports","volume":" ","pages":"2965-2979"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10564407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mindfulness-Based Attention Training in the Navy: A Feasibility Study. 海军中基于正念的注意力训练：可行性研究。

IF 1.7 4区心理学

Psychological Reports Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.1177/00332941231154442

Anja Roemer, Anna Sutton, Carsten Grimm, Stafford Kimber, Oleg N Medvedev

{"title":"Mindfulness-Based Attention Training in the Navy: A Feasibility Study.","authors":"Anja Roemer, Anna Sutton, Carsten Grimm, Stafford Kimber, Oleg N Medvedev","doi":"10.1177/00332941231154442","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00332941231154442","url":null,"abstract":"Mind wandering is common during daily activities and is even more prevalent under stressful conditions, which could lead to lapses in attention and poor performance. Newly recruited military personnel who undergo demanding training often experience high levels of stress. It is therefore imperative to find ways to foster mental health and avoid performance deterioration related to mind wandering in times of intense military training. This feasibility study investigated the effectiveness of an established low-dose mindfulness-based intervention (MBI), called Mindfulness-based Attention Training (MBAT), on mind wandering, attentional performance, and well-being, delivered by a facilitator who was taught how to deliver MBAT. A sample of newly recruited Royal New Zealand Navy (RNZN) Junior Officers (n = 17) undergoing demanding training participated in the 8-week long MBI with one weekly contact session. Measures of well-being and the Sustained Attention to Response Task (SART) were completed 4 weeks prior to the MBAT, at the start of the MBAT, at the end of the MBAT and 4 weeks after completion of the MBAT. Results suggest that MBAT might protect from performance decline during intense training and enhance levels of well-being at follow-up. These findings highlight the valuable role of mindfulness as a component in military training.","PeriodicalId":21149,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Reports","volume":" ","pages":"3156-3169"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11529108/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9153666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Warmer Individuals Get More Help: The Influence of Stereotypes and Empathy on Moral Decision-Making. 温暖的人获得更多帮助：刻板印象和移情对道德决策的影响》。

IF 1.7 4区心理学

Psychological Reports Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-01-21 DOI: 10.1177/00332941231152386

Qianbao Tan, Yong Huang, Zi Ling, Youlong Zhan, Haibo Zhou

{"title":"Warmer Individuals Get More Help: The Influence of Stereotypes and Empathy on Moral Decision-Making.","authors":"Qianbao Tan, Yong Huang, Zi Ling, Youlong Zhan, Haibo Zhou","doi":"10.1177/00332941231152386","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00332941231152386","url":null,"abstract":"The processing of moral decision-making is influenced by both cognitive and emotional systems, making it worth exploring exactly how each plays a role in the process of individual moral decision-making. In this study, 160 participants with either high or low empathy traits (80 each, as determined by the Interpersonal Response Index Inventory) completed a moral decision-making task regarding whether to help others (stereotyped as high warmth-high competence, high warmth-low competence, low warmth-high competence, low warmth-low competence) at the expense of themselves. The intent was to explore the influence of stereotypes and empathy traits on moral decision-making. The results showed that: (1) participants were more willing to help individuals with high warmth than those with high competence, showing a clear \"primacy of warmth effect\"; (2) this effect was weakened in participants with high empathy traits in comparison to those with low empathy traits, as their willingness to help individuals with low warmth was significantly higher than that of participants with low empathy traits. The results suggest that stereotypes about warmth and competence moderate altruistic tendencies in moral decision-making and that this moderation is more pronounced in individuals with low empathy traits than in those with high empathy traits.","PeriodicalId":21149,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Reports","volume":" ","pages":"2980-2998"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10607762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Donate for your Secrets: Relationship between Secrecy, Guilt and Donation Behavior. 为您的秘密捐款：保密、内疚与捐赠行为之间的关系。

IF 1.7 4区心理学

Psychological Reports Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-02-09 DOI: 10.1177/00332941231156817

Jiaxin Chen, Jinyun Duan, Tingxi Wang, Sixian Li, Boming Yu

引用次数: 0